Adil E. Shamoo and David B. Resnik
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195368246
- eISBN:
- 9780199867615
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368246.003.0012
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology, Biochemistry / Molecular Biology
This chapter discusses the history of human experimentation, with special attention to cases that have helped to shape ethical guidelines and policies. It discusses important codes, such as the ...
More
This chapter discusses the history of human experimentation, with special attention to cases that have helped to shape ethical guidelines and policies. It discusses important codes, such as the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki, and it provides an overview of U.S. federal regulations. The chapter also addresses some key concepts and principles in human research, such as informed consent, risk/benefit ratios, minimal risk, and research versus therapy.Less
This chapter discusses the history of human experimentation, with special attention to cases that have helped to shape ethical guidelines and policies. It discusses important codes, such as the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki, and it provides an overview of U.S. federal regulations. The chapter also addresses some key concepts and principles in human research, such as informed consent, risk/benefit ratios, minimal risk, and research versus therapy.
Peter Lyons and Howard J. Doueck
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195373912
- eISBN:
- 9780199865604
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373912.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter describes ethical issues in social research including discussion of the NASW Code of Ethics, Institutional Review Board (IRB) processes, and requirements for the protection of human ...
More
This chapter describes ethical issues in social research including discussion of the NASW Code of Ethics, Institutional Review Board (IRB) processes, and requirements for the protection of human subjects. In addition, quantitative research methods; qualitative research methods; mixed-methods research designs; experimental, quasi-experimental, explanatory, exploratory, and descriptive research; program evaluation; and the relative merits of disparate models of research are also presented. The requirements of rigor in both quantitative and qualitative studies and evaluating the degree of fit between research strategies and problems under investigation are also discussed.Less
This chapter describes ethical issues in social research including discussion of the NASW Code of Ethics, Institutional Review Board (IRB) processes, and requirements for the protection of human subjects. In addition, quantitative research methods; qualitative research methods; mixed-methods research designs; experimental, quasi-experimental, explanatory, exploratory, and descriptive research; program evaluation; and the relative merits of disparate models of research are also presented. The requirements of rigor in both quantitative and qualitative studies and evaluating the degree of fit between research strategies and problems under investigation are also discussed.
Lainie Friedman and J. Richard Thistlethwaite, Jr
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- December 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197618202
- eISBN:
- 9780197618233
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197618202.003.0006
- Subject:
- Clinical Medicine and Allied Health, Medical Ethics
This chapter considers the special case in which a prisoner seeks to serve as a living donor and what lessons can be learned from human subjects protections for research participants given that both ...
More
This chapter considers the special case in which a prisoner seeks to serve as a living donor and what lessons can be learned from human subjects protections for research participants given that both activities are done with the primary goal to benefit third parties. In the federal regulations that codify human subjects protections in the US (45 CFR 46), there are additional protections enumerated for research on prisoners. Current Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Prisons policy allows prisoners to serve as living donors but only for first-degree relatives. This chapter describes what special considerations should be assessed for prisoners to ethically serve as potential living donors using a vulnerabilities approach adapted from the human research subjects protection literature. The donor transplant team (living donor advocacy team) needs both a living donor advocate and a prisoner liaison to ensure that the potential prisoner-donor satisfactorily addresses the vulnerabilities faced by prisoners.Less
This chapter considers the special case in which a prisoner seeks to serve as a living donor and what lessons can be learned from human subjects protections for research participants given that both activities are done with the primary goal to benefit third parties. In the federal regulations that codify human subjects protections in the US (45 CFR 46), there are additional protections enumerated for research on prisoners. Current Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Prisons policy allows prisoners to serve as living donors but only for first-degree relatives. This chapter describes what special considerations should be assessed for prisoners to ethically serve as potential living donors using a vulnerabilities approach adapted from the human research subjects protection literature. The donor transplant team (living donor advocacy team) needs both a living donor advocate and a prisoner liaison to ensure that the potential prisoner-donor satisfactorily addresses the vulnerabilities faced by prisoners.
Laura Stark
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226770864
- eISBN:
- 9780226770888
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226770888.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter examines the work of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) in relation to human-subjects protections. It suggests that the leadership of the NIH on this front can be understood as ...
More
This chapter examines the work of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) in relation to human-subjects protections. It suggests that the leadership of the NIH on this front can be understood as an effort to deflect lawsuits away from Bethesda and toward other research sites. It also discusses the role of the NIH in creating the so-called expert groups and in the leading spread of human-subjects review committees to research institutions across the U.S. and abroad.Less
This chapter examines the work of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) in relation to human-subjects protections. It suggests that the leadership of the NIH on this front can be understood as an effort to deflect lawsuits away from Bethesda and toward other research sites. It also discusses the role of the NIH in creating the so-called expert groups and in the leading spread of human-subjects review committees to research institutions across the U.S. and abroad.
Audrey L. Begun and TOM Gregoire
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199892310
- eISBN:
- 9780190206376
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199892310.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Critical to the integrity of any social work research study is the adequacy of participant recruitment and, in the case of longitudinal research, participant retention. Among topics addressed in this ...
More
Critical to the integrity of any social work research study is the adequacy of participant recruitment and, in the case of longitudinal research, participant retention. Among topics addressed in this chapter are research ethics considerations and solutions deemed relevant to substance use studies. Particular attention is directed to the conduct of research into illegal, risky, and highly stigmatized behaviors. In addition, this chapter identifies challenges and potential solutions to participant recruitment and retention that occur in the conduct of substance use research, particularly in community-based studies.Less
Critical to the integrity of any social work research study is the adequacy of participant recruitment and, in the case of longitudinal research, participant retention. Among topics addressed in this chapter are research ethics considerations and solutions deemed relevant to substance use studies. Particular attention is directed to the conduct of research into illegal, risky, and highly stigmatized behaviors. In addition, this chapter identifies challenges and potential solutions to participant recruitment and retention that occur in the conduct of substance use research, particularly in community-based studies.
