Robert C. Solomon
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195181579
- eISBN:
- 9780199786602
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195181573.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Sartre’s No Exit is a conscientiously trite play that explores some profound truths about what Sartre (in Being and Nothingness) calls Being-for-Others. No Exit presents us with three perverse ...
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Sartre’s No Exit is a conscientiously trite play that explores some profound truths about what Sartre (in Being and Nothingness) calls Being-for-Others. No Exit presents us with three perverse characters in Hell who are forced to spend eternity together. The play explores the nature of human relationships, how people deceive one another and deceive themselves. Sartre’s conclusion is “Hell is other people”.Less
Sartre’s No Exit is a conscientiously trite play that explores some profound truths about what Sartre (in Being and Nothingness) calls Being-for-Others. No Exit presents us with three perverse characters in Hell who are forced to spend eternity together. The play explores the nature of human relationships, how people deceive one another and deceive themselves. Sartre’s conclusion is “Hell is other people”.
Donald Black
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199737147
- eISBN:
- 9780199944002
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737147.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Theory
Conflict is ubiquitous and inevitable, but people generally dislike it and try to prevent or avoid it as much as possible. So why do clashes of right and wrong occur? And why are some more serious ...
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Conflict is ubiquitous and inevitable, but people generally dislike it and try to prevent or avoid it as much as possible. So why do clashes of right and wrong occur? And why are some more serious than others? This book presents a new theory of conflict that provides answers to these and many other questions. The heart of the theory is a completely new concept of social time. The book claims that the root cause of conflict is the movement of social time, including relational, vertical, and cultural time—changes in intimacy, inequality, and diversity. The theory of moral time reveals the causes of conflict in all human relationships, from marital and other close relationships to those between strangers, ethnic groups, and entire societies. Moreover, the theory explains the origins and clash of right and wrong not only in modern societies but across the world and across history, from conflict concerning sexual behavior such as rape, adultery, and homosexuality, to bad manners and dislike in everyday life, theft and other crime, racism, anti-Semitism, anti-Americanism, witchcraft accusations, warfare, heresy, obscenity, creativity, and insanity. The book concludes by explaining the evolution of conflict and morality across human history, from the tribal to the modern age. It also provides surprising insights into the postmodern emergence of the right to happiness and the expanding rights of humans and non-humans across the world. The book offers an incisive, powerful, and radically new understanding of human conflict—a fundamental and inescapable feature of social life.Less
Conflict is ubiquitous and inevitable, but people generally dislike it and try to prevent or avoid it as much as possible. So why do clashes of right and wrong occur? And why are some more serious than others? This book presents a new theory of conflict that provides answers to these and many other questions. The heart of the theory is a completely new concept of social time. The book claims that the root cause of conflict is the movement of social time, including relational, vertical, and cultural time—changes in intimacy, inequality, and diversity. The theory of moral time reveals the causes of conflict in all human relationships, from marital and other close relationships to those between strangers, ethnic groups, and entire societies. Moreover, the theory explains the origins and clash of right and wrong not only in modern societies but across the world and across history, from conflict concerning sexual behavior such as rape, adultery, and homosexuality, to bad manners and dislike in everyday life, theft and other crime, racism, anti-Semitism, anti-Americanism, witchcraft accusations, warfare, heresy, obscenity, creativity, and insanity. The book concludes by explaining the evolution of conflict and morality across human history, from the tribal to the modern age. It also provides surprising insights into the postmodern emergence of the right to happiness and the expanding rights of humans and non-humans across the world. The book offers an incisive, powerful, and radically new understanding of human conflict—a fundamental and inescapable feature of social life.
Manuel Barange, John G. Field, and Will Steffen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199558025
- eISBN:
- 9780191721939
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558025.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology, Aquatic Biology
The world's ocean represents 70% of the earth's surface and contains 97% of the entire planet's water. It is a primary driver in the cycles of water and carbon and, through its huge capacity to store ...
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The world's ocean represents 70% of the earth's surface and contains 97% of the entire planet's water. It is a primary driver in the cycles of water and carbon and, through its huge capacity to store heat, plays a crucial role in the regulation of weather and climate. Its biota secure life: marine phytoplankton is responsible for almost half of the oxygen we inhale, and marine fish and shellfish provides food, employment, and livelihood opportunities to millions of people. Yet the oceans are under increasing pressure: three out of every four fish stocks are either fully exploited or overexploited, and the number of people living within 150 km of the coast is expected to increase to a staggering 6.7 million by 2050. This chapter places the oceans in the context of the earth system, discusses its variability and change, the uses we have of its goods and services, and introduces the challenges of sustainable management. It concludes by explaining how the book addresses the issues raised and introduces the rest of the chapters.Less
The world's ocean represents 70% of the earth's surface and contains 97% of the entire planet's water. It is a primary driver in the cycles of water and carbon and, through its huge capacity to store heat, plays a crucial role in the regulation of weather and climate. Its biota secure life: marine phytoplankton is responsible for almost half of the oxygen we inhale, and marine fish and shellfish provides food, employment, and livelihood opportunities to millions of people. Yet the oceans are under increasing pressure: three out of every four fish stocks are either fully exploited or overexploited, and the number of people living within 150 km of the coast is expected to increase to a staggering 6.7 million by 2050. This chapter places the oceans in the context of the earth system, discusses its variability and change, the uses we have of its goods and services, and introduces the challenges of sustainable management. It concludes by explaining how the book addresses the issues raised and introduces the rest of the chapters.
Anthony B. Pinn
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195340822
- eISBN:
- 9780199932344
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340822.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Moving beyond the idea of God as the core of theological inquiry, this chapter advocates for a sense of community as the center of humanist theology. Community here is a reference to more than a ...
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Moving beyond the idea of God as the core of theological inquiry, this chapter advocates for a sense of community as the center of humanist theology. Community here is a reference to more than a collection of the like-minded. Instead, community involves a sense of openness—recognition of uncertainty and ambiguity. Human relationships are seen as fully embodied.Less
Moving beyond the idea of God as the core of theological inquiry, this chapter advocates for a sense of community as the center of humanist theology. Community here is a reference to more than a collection of the like-minded. Instead, community involves a sense of openness—recognition of uncertainty and ambiguity. Human relationships are seen as fully embodied.
Gerald O'Collins, SJ
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199238903
- eISBN:
- 9780191696794
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199238903.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter focuses on the Book of Genesis and tells the human condition and the religious practices of Adam and Eve, Noah and his family, and the patriarch Abraham and his wife Sarah as these prove ...
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This chapter focuses on the Book of Genesis and tells the human condition and the religious practices of Adam and Eve, Noah and his family, and the patriarch Abraham and his wife Sarah as these prove how God cares for everyone and shows a universal benevolence. The name ‘Adam’ is a Hebrew word that signifies ‘human being’ or ‘humanity’. Adam also plays as the name of the first human in the Bible. The figures of Adam and Eve may be individual, but are used to characterize the totality of human race and not merely the story of them. The entire human community is said to be the focus of the opening chapters of Genesis including the creation of humans through the power of God and then their fall into sin that has affected the generations following them. What people read in those chapters depicts universally to human beings their origins, and their life in the presence of God. The climax of the said chapter is the relationship between humans and God after the sin has been done. The Genesis story sees the disobedience of Adam and Eve as the main reason why humans started to become bad and sinful. Cain murders his father and his action provokes the increase of violence practiced by the descendant of Cain. Because of the rotten minds of humans, God decided to have the so-called judgement day in the form of a catastrophic flood. Although God decided to clear mankind, the merciful love of God still operates. After the flood, there comes a new generation of humans wherein Abraham and Sarah played a decisive role in achieving the divine purposes.Less
This chapter focuses on the Book of Genesis and tells the human condition and the religious practices of Adam and Eve, Noah and his family, and the patriarch Abraham and his wife Sarah as these prove how God cares for everyone and shows a universal benevolence. The name ‘Adam’ is a Hebrew word that signifies ‘human being’ or ‘humanity’. Adam also plays as the name of the first human in the Bible. The figures of Adam and Eve may be individual, but are used to characterize the totality of human race and not merely the story of them. The entire human community is said to be the focus of the opening chapters of Genesis including the creation of humans through the power of God and then their fall into sin that has affected the generations following them. What people read in those chapters depicts universally to human beings their origins, and their life in the presence of God. The climax of the said chapter is the relationship between humans and God after the sin has been done. The Genesis story sees the disobedience of Adam and Eve as the main reason why humans started to become bad and sinful. Cain murders his father and his action provokes the increase of violence practiced by the descendant of Cain. Because of the rotten minds of humans, God decided to have the so-called judgement day in the form of a catastrophic flood. Although God decided to clear mankind, the merciful love of God still operates. After the flood, there comes a new generation of humans wherein Abraham and Sarah played a decisive role in achieving the divine purposes.
Susanne Waiblinger
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198753629
- eISBN:
- 9780191815225
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198753629.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
Farm animals have had a crucial role in human development and have been of high importance until now in many diverse farming systems. For the future, animal production poses substantial opportunities ...
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Farm animals have had a crucial role in human development and have been of high importance until now in many diverse farming systems. For the future, animal production poses substantial opportunities as well as risks, regarding both food security of the growing human population, as well as climate effects, depending largely on the farming system. Human–animal interactions inevitably occur throughout the lives of farm animals. However, the frequency and types of interactions are extremely variable, both between and within husbandry systems. This chapter reviews the variation in interactions and relationships, the causes for these differences and the implications for animal and human welfare. It shows evidence not only for the direct effects of the stockpersons’ relationship towards the animals in interactions and thus animal welfare, but also for the indirect effects via decision making. Lastly, societal implications and future research areas are discussed.Less
Farm animals have had a crucial role in human development and have been of high importance until now in many diverse farming systems. For the future, animal production poses substantial opportunities as well as risks, regarding both food security of the growing human population, as well as climate effects, depending largely on the farming system. Human–animal interactions inevitably occur throughout the lives of farm animals. However, the frequency and types of interactions are extremely variable, both between and within husbandry systems. This chapter reviews the variation in interactions and relationships, the causes for these differences and the implications for animal and human welfare. It shows evidence not only for the direct effects of the stockpersons’ relationship towards the animals in interactions and thus animal welfare, but also for the indirect effects via decision making. Lastly, societal implications and future research areas are discussed.
Gerald O'Collins, SJ
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199238903
- eISBN:
- 9780191696794
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199238903.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter aims to exploit the language of ‘presence’ to give an understanding on the mysterious activity of Christ and the Holy Spirit in the whole world. It mentions that St. Paul pictured the ...
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This chapter aims to exploit the language of ‘presence’ to give an understanding on the mysterious activity of Christ and the Holy Spirit in the whole world. It mentions that St. Paul pictured the life of Christians as their being ‘in Christ’ and the Holy Spirit being ‘in them’. It argues that it may be possible that the Holy Spirit is also ‘in’ those who have not been baptized because Christ denies no one. In this case, it is worth developing the theme of the universal presence of divine Wisdom.Less
This chapter aims to exploit the language of ‘presence’ to give an understanding on the mysterious activity of Christ and the Holy Spirit in the whole world. It mentions that St. Paul pictured the life of Christians as their being ‘in Christ’ and the Holy Spirit being ‘in them’. It argues that it may be possible that the Holy Spirit is also ‘in’ those who have not been baptized because Christ denies no one. In this case, it is worth developing the theme of the universal presence of divine Wisdom.
Georg Von Krogh, Kazuo Ichijo, and Ikujiro Nonaka
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195126167
- eISBN:
- 9780199848720
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195126167.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
Although some companies would indeed assert that knowledge creation is an essential in their processes, especially companies focused on innovation and high-technology firms, experiencing conflicts ...
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Although some companies would indeed assert that knowledge creation is an essential in their processes, especially companies focused on innovation and high-technology firms, experiencing conflicts and tensions within the company is unavoidable, as supporting and sustaining such knowledge creation is, without a doubt, an arduous task. Because traditional management techniques may no longer be appropriate in dealing with the process of knowledge creation, organizations and their members are bound to encounter several different barriers to sharing knowledge. Regardless of the managerial style imposed within a company, barriers to knowledge will still occur as the processes involved will concern various degrees of intellectual capabilities and human relationships. This chapter sheds light on such barriers, which can be classified into two interrelated categories — individual and organizational.Less
Although some companies would indeed assert that knowledge creation is an essential in their processes, especially companies focused on innovation and high-technology firms, experiencing conflicts and tensions within the company is unavoidable, as supporting and sustaining such knowledge creation is, without a doubt, an arduous task. Because traditional management techniques may no longer be appropriate in dealing with the process of knowledge creation, organizations and their members are bound to encounter several different barriers to sharing knowledge. Regardless of the managerial style imposed within a company, barriers to knowledge will still occur as the processes involved will concern various degrees of intellectual capabilities and human relationships. This chapter sheds light on such barriers, which can be classified into two interrelated categories — individual and organizational.
Geoff Hosey and Vicky Melfi (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198753629
- eISBN:
- 9780191815225
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198753629.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
Anthrozoology, the study of human–animal interactions (HAIs), has experienced substantial growth during the past twenty years and it is now timely to synthesise what we know from empirical evidence ...
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Anthrozoology, the study of human–animal interactions (HAIs), has experienced substantial growth during the past twenty years and it is now timely to synthesise what we know from empirical evidence about our relationships with both domesticated and wild animals. Two principal points of focus have become apparent in much of this research. One is the realisation that the strength of these attachments not only has emotional benefits for people, but confers health benefits as well, such that a whole area has opened up of using companion animals for therapeutic purposes. The other is the recognition that the interactions we have with animals have consequences for their welfare too, and thus impact on their quality of life. Consequently, we now study HAIs in all scenarios in which animals come into contact with humans, whether as pets/companions, farm livestock, laboratory animals, animals in zoos or in the wild. This topical area of study is of growing importance for animals in animal management, animal handling, animal welfare and applied ethology courses, and also for people within psychology, anthropology and human geography at both the undergraduate and postgraduate level. It will therefore be of interest to students, researchers and animal managers across the whole spectrum of human–animal contact.Less
Anthrozoology, the study of human–animal interactions (HAIs), has experienced substantial growth during the past twenty years and it is now timely to synthesise what we know from empirical evidence about our relationships with both domesticated and wild animals. Two principal points of focus have become apparent in much of this research. One is the realisation that the strength of these attachments not only has emotional benefits for people, but confers health benefits as well, such that a whole area has opened up of using companion animals for therapeutic purposes. The other is the recognition that the interactions we have with animals have consequences for their welfare too, and thus impact on their quality of life. Consequently, we now study HAIs in all scenarios in which animals come into contact with humans, whether as pets/companions, farm livestock, laboratory animals, animals in zoos or in the wild. This topical area of study is of growing importance for animals in animal management, animal handling, animal welfare and applied ethology courses, and also for people within psychology, anthropology and human geography at both the undergraduate and postgraduate level. It will therefore be of interest to students, researchers and animal managers across the whole spectrum of human–animal contact.
Sal Renshaw
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719069604
- eISBN:
- 9781781702956
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719069604.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter comprises the readings of Cixous's stories that focus on the relationship between the individual and grace. Cixous's engagement with Lispector's couple signals her interest in a grace ...
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This chapter comprises the readings of Cixous's stories that focus on the relationship between the individual and grace. Cixous's engagement with Lispector's couple signals her interest in a grace that arises in the context of human relationships. This study turns more fully to this question of the possibility of grace, or divinity, as it appears more explicitly in Cixous's own ‘fiction’, The Book of Promethea, which is focused exclusively on an extraordinary love between two women. Here, Cixous develops her understanding of the conditions of a love that emerge in the context of a meeting between feminine subjectivities. In so doing, she returns to the overarching question of this study, that the possibility of an abundant, other-regarding love which is a humanly possible expression of divinity, one that emerges in an encounter with the other, is defined by a refusal to appropriate otherness to oneself.Less
This chapter comprises the readings of Cixous's stories that focus on the relationship between the individual and grace. Cixous's engagement with Lispector's couple signals her interest in a grace that arises in the context of human relationships. This study turns more fully to this question of the possibility of grace, or divinity, as it appears more explicitly in Cixous's own ‘fiction’, The Book of Promethea, which is focused exclusively on an extraordinary love between two women. Here, Cixous develops her understanding of the conditions of a love that emerge in the context of a meeting between feminine subjectivities. In so doing, she returns to the overarching question of this study, that the possibility of an abundant, other-regarding love which is a humanly possible expression of divinity, one that emerges in an encounter with the other, is defined by a refusal to appropriate otherness to oneself.
Chak Kwan and Graham Bowpitt
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861344311
- eISBN:
- 9781447302551
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861344311.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter argues that the dignity of humans can be found in one's possession of intrinsic capacities that strive for autonomy and mutuality. It is stressed that human nature is a combination of ...
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This chapter argues that the dignity of humans can be found in one's possession of intrinsic capacities that strive for autonomy and mutuality. It is stressed that human nature is a combination of basic ‘humanness’ and the development of such capacities comes via supportive and interdependent human relationships. It shows that one should not treat others as a means, but rather as an end, in order for them to develop their potential. The social nature of people should be realised through ‘social participation’, which is all about the fulfilment of one's caring duties and the enhancement of his social relationships.Less
This chapter argues that the dignity of humans can be found in one's possession of intrinsic capacities that strive for autonomy and mutuality. It is stressed that human nature is a combination of basic ‘humanness’ and the development of such capacities comes via supportive and interdependent human relationships. It shows that one should not treat others as a means, but rather as an end, in order for them to develop their potential. The social nature of people should be realised through ‘social participation’, which is all about the fulfilment of one's caring duties and the enhancement of his social relationships.
Christopher N. L. Brooke
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205043
- eISBN:
- 9780191676468
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205043.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, History of Ideas
This chapter discusses Chaucer and the allusions, views, and interpretations he had about marriage, love, and sexuality as seen in his poems and literary works. In this chapter, his Wife of Bath, ...
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This chapter discusses Chaucer and the allusions, views, and interpretations he had about marriage, love, and sexuality as seen in his poems and literary works. In this chapter, his Wife of Bath, which provides a satirical view of the role of wives and husbands, reflects a plain image of the obvious facts in human relationships. Included as well is his Book of the Duchess, a poem that looks at eternal love and the seemingly impermanence of marriage. His Canterbury Tales along with other poems are discussed as well. These poems present a myriad of marriage problems and issues on human relationships and human love.Less
This chapter discusses Chaucer and the allusions, views, and interpretations he had about marriage, love, and sexuality as seen in his poems and literary works. In this chapter, his Wife of Bath, which provides a satirical view of the role of wives and husbands, reflects a plain image of the obvious facts in human relationships. Included as well is his Book of the Duchess, a poem that looks at eternal love and the seemingly impermanence of marriage. His Canterbury Tales along with other poems are discussed as well. These poems present a myriad of marriage problems and issues on human relationships and human love.
Gerald O'Collins, SJ
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199238903
- eISBN:
- 9780191696794
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199238903.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter provides provisional conclusions from the Old Testament (OT). It concludes that the relationship of YHWH, God of Israel, his divine personification, and wisdom, to other people stays in ...
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This chapter provides provisional conclusions from the Old Testament (OT). It concludes that the relationship of YHWH, God of Israel, his divine personification, and wisdom, to other people stays in a state of unresolved tension in the OT. It states that many texts from the OT are antagonistic in nature — citing the relationship between YHWH and the nations other than Israel as the best example.Less
This chapter provides provisional conclusions from the Old Testament (OT). It concludes that the relationship of YHWH, God of Israel, his divine personification, and wisdom, to other people stays in a state of unresolved tension in the OT. It states that many texts from the OT are antagonistic in nature — citing the relationship between YHWH and the nations other than Israel as the best example.
Michael Freeden
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199253456
- eISBN:
- 9780191698149
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253456.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter characterizes liberalism and presents diverse approaches to the dissemination of liberal thinking. Liberalism is regarded as the epitome of a rational political theory. It is based on ...
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This chapter characterizes liberalism and presents diverse approaches to the dissemination of liberal thinking. Liberalism is regarded as the epitome of a rational political theory. It is based on notions of human autonomy, reflective self-direction, considered judgement, and purposiveness. It has employed formal and carefully controlled models of human relationships embodied in the device of the contract, both among individuals and between individuals and society, a contract to which the participants are conscious and willing signatories. Lately, it has endorsed a range of models exploring free, equal, and transparent communication as applied to deliberative democracy, from which a shared or common good may emerge. Liberal reason is not necessarily incompatible with emotion, sentiment, and passion, though obviously not with all of their manifestations; and it is quite proper, as well as inevitable, for a healthy political ideology both to display and to embrace emotion as a rich and creative force in political life.Less
This chapter characterizes liberalism and presents diverse approaches to the dissemination of liberal thinking. Liberalism is regarded as the epitome of a rational political theory. It is based on notions of human autonomy, reflective self-direction, considered judgement, and purposiveness. It has employed formal and carefully controlled models of human relationships embodied in the device of the contract, both among individuals and between individuals and society, a contract to which the participants are conscious and willing signatories. Lately, it has endorsed a range of models exploring free, equal, and transparent communication as applied to deliberative democracy, from which a shared or common good may emerge. Liberal reason is not necessarily incompatible with emotion, sentiment, and passion, though obviously not with all of their manifestations; and it is quite proper, as well as inevitable, for a healthy political ideology both to display and to embrace emotion as a rich and creative force in political life.
Samantha Ward and Sally Sherwen
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198753629
- eISBN:
- 9780191815225
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198753629.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
With the number of zoos increasing worldwide, there are now growing opportunities for human–animal interactions (HAIs) in zoos. HAIs occur throughout the day, every day, with variations in their ...
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With the number of zoos increasing worldwide, there are now growing opportunities for human–animal interactions (HAIs) in zoos. HAIs occur throughout the day, every day, with variations in their duration, quality and dyadic components (familiar or unfamiliar humans). Research has shown that HAIs can affect the development of positive, negative and neutral human–animal relationships (HARs), which in turn can have short- and long-term implications on the animals’ behaviour, physiology and welfare. For example, positive HAIs can lead to positive HARs between specific keeper–animal dyads, and in some cases can lead to positive association of visitors. This area of research is still in its infancy yet deemed to be one of the most influential aspects of zoo animal welfare science. This chapter highlights current trends in HAR research and areas for future developments for both familiar and unfamiliar humans and the animals that they encounter in various contexts.Less
With the number of zoos increasing worldwide, there are now growing opportunities for human–animal interactions (HAIs) in zoos. HAIs occur throughout the day, every day, with variations in their duration, quality and dyadic components (familiar or unfamiliar humans). Research has shown that HAIs can affect the development of positive, negative and neutral human–animal relationships (HARs), which in turn can have short- and long-term implications on the animals’ behaviour, physiology and welfare. For example, positive HAIs can lead to positive HARs between specific keeper–animal dyads, and in some cases can lead to positive association of visitors. This area of research is still in its infancy yet deemed to be one of the most influential aspects of zoo animal welfare science. This chapter highlights current trends in HAR research and areas for future developments for both familiar and unfamiliar humans and the animals that they encounter in various contexts.
John Renard
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520255081
- eISBN:
- 9780520948334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520255081.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter explores personal prayer and the individual believer's relationship to God and also mentions mystical theology in Islam and Christianity. Traditions of personal prayer in both Christian ...
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This chapter explores personal prayer and the individual believer's relationship to God and also mentions mystical theology in Islam and Christianity. Traditions of personal prayer in both Christian and Islamic traditions afford essential but often overlooked theological insights. Prayer that has nourished the inner lives of Christians and Muslims over the centuries has generally served three theological purposes: praise, supplication, and intercession. Both emphasize the fundamental and, at least theoretically, unbridgeable gap between Creator and creature, divine and human realities; and both have articulated theological mechanisms by which to explain that God nevertheless maintains a firm bond with all creatures and with human beings in particular. Mystical theologies explore the scriptural bases and creedal implications of this spiritual development, in light of theological concepts of God and the limits of the divine-human relationship. At the core of mystical theology is the conviction that scriptures and later repositories of Christian and Islamic wisdom contain essential images and insights into the human condition.Less
This chapter explores personal prayer and the individual believer's relationship to God and also mentions mystical theology in Islam and Christianity. Traditions of personal prayer in both Christian and Islamic traditions afford essential but often overlooked theological insights. Prayer that has nourished the inner lives of Christians and Muslims over the centuries has generally served three theological purposes: praise, supplication, and intercession. Both emphasize the fundamental and, at least theoretically, unbridgeable gap between Creator and creature, divine and human realities; and both have articulated theological mechanisms by which to explain that God nevertheless maintains a firm bond with all creatures and with human beings in particular. Mystical theologies explore the scriptural bases and creedal implications of this spiritual development, in light of theological concepts of God and the limits of the divine-human relationship. At the core of mystical theology is the conviction that scriptures and later repositories of Christian and Islamic wisdom contain essential images and insights into the human condition.
Julie A. Nelson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226572024
- eISBN:
- 9780226572055
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226572055.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
At its core, an economy is about providing goods and services for human well-being. But many economists and critics preach that an economy is something far different: a cold and heartless system that ...
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At its core, an economy is about providing goods and services for human well-being. But many economists and critics preach that an economy is something far different: a cold and heartless system that operates outside of human control. This work asks a compelling question: If our economic world is something that we as humans create, aren't ethics and human relationships—dimensions of a full and rich life—intrinsically part of the picture? Is it possible to take this thing we call economics and give it a body and a soul? The book argues against the well-ingrained notion that economics is immune to moral values and distant from human relationships. Here, the book locates the impediment to envisioning a more considerate economic world in an assumption that is shared by both neoliberals and the political left. Despite their seemingly insurmountable differences, it notes that they both make use of the metaphor, first proposed by Adam Smith, that the economy is a machine. This pervasive idea, the book argues, has blinded us to the qualities that make us work and care for one another—qualities that also make businesses thrive and markets grow. We can wed our interest in money with our justifiable concerns about ethics and social well-being. And we can do so if we recognize that an economy is not a machine, but a living, beating heart that circulates blood to all parts of the body while also serving as an emblem of compassion and care.Less
At its core, an economy is about providing goods and services for human well-being. But many economists and critics preach that an economy is something far different: a cold and heartless system that operates outside of human control. This work asks a compelling question: If our economic world is something that we as humans create, aren't ethics and human relationships—dimensions of a full and rich life—intrinsically part of the picture? Is it possible to take this thing we call economics and give it a body and a soul? The book argues against the well-ingrained notion that economics is immune to moral values and distant from human relationships. Here, the book locates the impediment to envisioning a more considerate economic world in an assumption that is shared by both neoliberals and the political left. Despite their seemingly insurmountable differences, it notes that they both make use of the metaphor, first proposed by Adam Smith, that the economy is a machine. This pervasive idea, the book argues, has blinded us to the qualities that make us work and care for one another—qualities that also make businesses thrive and markets grow. We can wed our interest in money with our justifiable concerns about ethics and social well-being. And we can do so if we recognize that an economy is not a machine, but a living, beating heart that circulates blood to all parts of the body while also serving as an emblem of compassion and care.
Hartley Dean
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861345622
- eISBN:
- 9781447303763
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861345622.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This book has demonstrated the ways in which dependency, responsibility and rights are connected. Part One of the book argued that any concept of rights capable of encompassing rights to social ...
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This book has demonstrated the ways in which dependency, responsibility and rights are connected. Part One of the book argued that any concept of rights capable of encompassing rights to social welfare must be based on a celebration of human interdependency and an ethical concept of social responsibility. Embracing human interdependency means rethinking the context in which people can demand autonomy as human beings. Conceptualising social responsibility means overcoming ethically constrained notions of duty, obligation or obedience in order to bring moral sensibility to bear upon the ethics of public sphere. Part Two recounted the findings from recent empirical research on popular and welfare provider discourses. It shows that such discourses can recognise that interdependency is an unavoidable feature of human life course and that certain kinds of rights do attach to people by virtue of their humanity. Part Three focused on the perspectives of welfare service users; the way they negotiate their dependency on the state; the nature of the disciplines to which they are subject; and the ways in which they understand their individual responsibilities. This concluding chapter brings together all the arguments that have been developed. It proposes that human relationships and the interdependency they entail are a good in and of themselves; that ‘third way’ notions of responsibility are ethically deficient; and that prevailing concepts of right remain fundamentally impoverished. The chapter concludes by returning to the theme addressed in Chapter One and to make the case for a human rights approach to social welfare.Less
This book has demonstrated the ways in which dependency, responsibility and rights are connected. Part One of the book argued that any concept of rights capable of encompassing rights to social welfare must be based on a celebration of human interdependency and an ethical concept of social responsibility. Embracing human interdependency means rethinking the context in which people can demand autonomy as human beings. Conceptualising social responsibility means overcoming ethically constrained notions of duty, obligation or obedience in order to bring moral sensibility to bear upon the ethics of public sphere. Part Two recounted the findings from recent empirical research on popular and welfare provider discourses. It shows that such discourses can recognise that interdependency is an unavoidable feature of human life course and that certain kinds of rights do attach to people by virtue of their humanity. Part Three focused on the perspectives of welfare service users; the way they negotiate their dependency on the state; the nature of the disciplines to which they are subject; and the ways in which they understand their individual responsibilities. This concluding chapter brings together all the arguments that have been developed. It proposes that human relationships and the interdependency they entail are a good in and of themselves; that ‘third way’ notions of responsibility are ethically deficient; and that prevailing concepts of right remain fundamentally impoverished. The chapter concludes by returning to the theme addressed in Chapter One and to make the case for a human rights approach to social welfare.
Gerald O'Collins, SJ
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199238903
- eISBN:
- 9780191696794
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199238903.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter highlights the relationship between Jesus of Nazareth and the outsiders. Jesus began his public ministry around AD 27. He focused on the preaching of the kingdom or the saving rule of ...
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This chapter highlights the relationship between Jesus of Nazareth and the outsiders. Jesus began his public ministry around AD 27. He focused on the preaching of the kingdom or the saving rule of God already powerfully present but not yet fully completed. According to the Gospels, Jesus responded not only to the Jews but also to the non-Jews. An example of this is when Jesus helped a desperately ill son of a non-Jewish military officer who was in command of 50 to 100 soldiers. Before healing the son of the centurion by a simple word of command, Jesus used the image of God's eschatological banquet to warn what would happen at the end. Meanwhile, the message of Jesus regarding the kingdom reached beyond the frontiers of racial and religious separations. The end of this chapter concludes that the word of Jesus is for everyone because he loves humankind.Less
This chapter highlights the relationship between Jesus of Nazareth and the outsiders. Jesus began his public ministry around AD 27. He focused on the preaching of the kingdom or the saving rule of God already powerfully present but not yet fully completed. According to the Gospels, Jesus responded not only to the Jews but also to the non-Jews. An example of this is when Jesus helped a desperately ill son of a non-Jewish military officer who was in command of 50 to 100 soldiers. Before healing the son of the centurion by a simple word of command, Jesus used the image of God's eschatological banquet to warn what would happen at the end. Meanwhile, the message of Jesus regarding the kingdom reached beyond the frontiers of racial and religious separations. The end of this chapter concludes that the word of Jesus is for everyone because he loves humankind.
Louisa Gairn
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748633111
- eISBN:
- 9780748653447
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633111.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This chapter demonstrates that John Burnside, Kathleen Jamie, and Alan Warner were not only reviewing human relationships with nature, but also the role that writing has to play in exploring and ...
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This chapter demonstrates that John Burnside, Kathleen Jamie, and Alan Warner were not only reviewing human relationships with nature, but also the role that writing has to play in exploring and strengthening that relationship, helping to determine the ecological ‘value’ of poetry and fiction. It argues that contemporary poetry and lyricism in Scotland constituted an ecological ‘line of defence’, providing a space in which reader and author can examine their relationship to the world around them. It notes that while these writers do not form a conscious ‘school’ or affiliation, they share in common a lucid and intelligent lyrical vision which seeks to re-centre and redefine concepts of nature and rural environments — an outlook which is crucial in an age of growing ecological crisis.Less
This chapter demonstrates that John Burnside, Kathleen Jamie, and Alan Warner were not only reviewing human relationships with nature, but also the role that writing has to play in exploring and strengthening that relationship, helping to determine the ecological ‘value’ of poetry and fiction. It argues that contemporary poetry and lyricism in Scotland constituted an ecological ‘line of defence’, providing a space in which reader and author can examine their relationship to the world around them. It notes that while these writers do not form a conscious ‘school’ or affiliation, they share in common a lucid and intelligent lyrical vision which seeks to re-centre and redefine concepts of nature and rural environments — an outlook which is crucial in an age of growing ecological crisis.
