Anthony C. Little and David I. Perrett
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195333176
- eISBN:
- 9780199864324
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195333176.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Vision, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter presents data that is in line with the notion that averageness, sexual dimorphism, and symmetry may all advertise qualities in human faces and are, hence, found attractive. Individual ...
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This chapter presents data that is in line with the notion that averageness, sexual dimorphism, and symmetry may all advertise qualities in human faces and are, hence, found attractive. Individual differences in preferences for some traits will prove adaptive and so can be consistent with evolutionary theory. The chapter also documents several potentially adaptive individual differences in human face preferences. For humans, as with other species, there is no optimal strategy for mate-choice and parenting that applies to all individuals. Indeed the range of personal circumstances(physical, environmental, social)will guarantee that what is a good or adequate strategy, and, therefore, what is attractive, will depend on the individual. In this way facial beauty can be said to be both in the face of the beheld and in the eye of beholder.Less
This chapter presents data that is in line with the notion that averageness, sexual dimorphism, and symmetry may all advertise qualities in human faces and are, hence, found attractive. Individual differences in preferences for some traits will prove adaptive and so can be consistent with evolutionary theory. The chapter also documents several potentially adaptive individual differences in human face preferences. For humans, as with other species, there is no optimal strategy for mate-choice and parenting that applies to all individuals. Indeed the range of personal circumstances(physical, environmental, social)will guarantee that what is a good or adequate strategy, and, therefore, what is attractive, will depend on the individual. In this way facial beauty can be said to be both in the face of the beheld and in the eye of beholder.
Ignacio Palacios-Huerta
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144023
- eISBN:
- 9781400850310
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144023.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
A wealth of research in recent decades has seen the economic approach to human behavior extended over many areas previously considered to belong to sociology, political science, law, and other ...
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A wealth of research in recent decades has seen the economic approach to human behavior extended over many areas previously considered to belong to sociology, political science, law, and other fields. Research has also shown that economics can provide insight into many aspects of sports, including soccer. This book uses soccer to test economic theories and document novel human behavior, thus illuminating economics through the world's most popular sport. The book offers unique and often startling insights into game theory and microeconomics, covering topics such as mixed strategies, discrimination, incentives, and human preferences. It also looks at finance, experimental economics, behavioral economics, and neuroeconomics. The book provides rich data sets and environments that shed light on universal economic principles in interesting and useful ways. It is essential reading for students, researchers, and sports enthusiasts as it shows what soccer can do for economics.Less
A wealth of research in recent decades has seen the economic approach to human behavior extended over many areas previously considered to belong to sociology, political science, law, and other fields. Research has also shown that economics can provide insight into many aspects of sports, including soccer. This book uses soccer to test economic theories and document novel human behavior, thus illuminating economics through the world's most popular sport. The book offers unique and often startling insights into game theory and microeconomics, covering topics such as mixed strategies, discrimination, incentives, and human preferences. It also looks at finance, experimental economics, behavioral economics, and neuroeconomics. The book provides rich data sets and environments that shed light on universal economic principles in interesting and useful ways. It is essential reading for students, researchers, and sports enthusiasts as it shows what soccer can do for economics.
Gil G. Rosenthal
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691150673
- eISBN:
- 9781400885466
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150673.003.0017
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter presents a biological perspective on the diversity and complexity of human mate choice. Mating preferences can change very rapidly owing to the fact that they depend on a large reservoir ...
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This chapter presents a biological perspective on the diversity and complexity of human mate choice. Mating preferences can change very rapidly owing to the fact that they depend on a large reservoir of standing genetic variations whose effects can be modified and reversed by environmental and social inputs. In contemporary global society, rapid technological and societal changes means that individual mating preferences have an unprecedented potential to be revealed and expressed as choices, some with reproductive consequences. Individuals now have more agency than they ever have in human history, with a greater opportunity than ever to sample potential mates. The social and evolutionary consequences are sure to be fascinating.Less
This chapter presents a biological perspective on the diversity and complexity of human mate choice. Mating preferences can change very rapidly owing to the fact that they depend on a large reservoir of standing genetic variations whose effects can be modified and reversed by environmental and social inputs. In contemporary global society, rapid technological and societal changes means that individual mating preferences have an unprecedented potential to be revealed and expressed as choices, some with reproductive consequences. Individuals now have more agency than they ever have in human history, with a greater opportunity than ever to sample potential mates. The social and evolutionary consequences are sure to be fascinating.
Stuart Russell
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- October 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190905033
- eISBN:
- 9780190905071
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190905033.003.0012
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter argues that there is very little chance that we humans can specify our objectives completely and correctly, in such a way that the pursuit of those objectives by more capable machines is ...
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This chapter argues that there is very little chance that we humans can specify our objectives completely and correctly, in such a way that the pursuit of those objectives by more capable machines is guaranteed to result in beneficial outcomes for humans. Consequently, this chapter defends and further articulates the need for “provably beneficial AI,” which is the idea that to the extent that human values are revealed in our behavior, we should be able to get machines to learn underlying human preferences from observing human behavior. It then discusses the technical challenges involved in building provably beneficial AI and responds to some possible concerns to this approach.Less
This chapter argues that there is very little chance that we humans can specify our objectives completely and correctly, in such a way that the pursuit of those objectives by more capable machines is guaranteed to result in beneficial outcomes for humans. Consequently, this chapter defends and further articulates the need for “provably beneficial AI,” which is the idea that to the extent that human values are revealed in our behavior, we should be able to get machines to learn underlying human preferences from observing human behavior. It then discusses the technical challenges involved in building provably beneficial AI and responds to some possible concerns to this approach.
