C. J. Brainerd and V. F. Reyna (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195154054
- eISBN:
- 9780199868384
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154054.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This book encompasses and weaves together the common threads of the four major topics that comprise the core of false memory research: theories of false memory, adult experimental psychology of false ...
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This book encompasses and weaves together the common threads of the four major topics that comprise the core of false memory research: theories of false memory, adult experimental psychology of false memory, false memory in legal contexts, and false memory in psychotherapy. By integrating material on all four of these topics, the book provides a comprehensive picture of our current understanding of human false memory.Less
This book encompasses and weaves together the common threads of the four major topics that comprise the core of false memory research: theories of false memory, adult experimental psychology of false memory, false memory in legal contexts, and false memory in psychotherapy. By integrating material on all four of these topics, the book provides a comprehensive picture of our current understanding of human false memory.
Michael D. Rugg
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198524168
- eISBN:
- 9780191706639
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524168.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter reviews event-related potential (ERP) studies of human memory. Topics covered include the relationship between ERPs and cognitive processing, studies of memory coding, and studies of ...
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This chapter reviews event-related potential (ERP) studies of human memory. Topics covered include the relationship between ERPs and cognitive processing, studies of memory coding, and studies of memory retrieval (repetition effects and recognition memory).Less
This chapter reviews event-related potential (ERP) studies of human memory. Topics covered include the relationship between ERPs and cognitive processing, studies of memory coding, and studies of memory retrieval (repetition effects and recognition memory).
Eddy J. Davelaar and Jeroen G. W. Raaijmakers
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262018098
- eISBN:
- 9780262306003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262018098.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Psychology and Interaction
The importance of understanding human memory search is hard to exaggerate: we build and live our lives based on what we remember. This chapter explores the characteristics of memory search, with ...
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The importance of understanding human memory search is hard to exaggerate: we build and live our lives based on what we remember. This chapter explores the characteristics of memory search, with special emphasis on the use of retrieval cues. We introduce the dependent measures that are obtained during memory search, such as accuracy and search time, and discuss how these have contributed to our understanding of human memory search. The three phases of memory search (initiation, progression, and termination) are discussed in relation to the strategies employed by the human retriever. Finally, the experimental paradigms used in the memory literature are compared to examples of animal foraging behavior to identify points of contact for developing a general cross-domain understanding of search processes.Less
The importance of understanding human memory search is hard to exaggerate: we build and live our lives based on what we remember. This chapter explores the characteristics of memory search, with special emphasis on the use of retrieval cues. We introduce the dependent measures that are obtained during memory search, such as accuracy and search time, and discuss how these have contributed to our understanding of human memory search. The three phases of memory search (initiation, progression, and termination) are discussed in relation to the strategies employed by the human retriever. Finally, the experimental paradigms used in the memory literature are compared to examples of animal foraging behavior to identify points of contact for developing a general cross-domain understanding of search processes.
Gabriel Horn
- Published in print:
- 1985
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198521563
- eISBN:
- 9780191706578
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198521563.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Looking at both behavioural and molecular levels of analysis, this book presents the results of recent research into the biochemistry and neural mechanisms of imprinting. The book discusses some of ...
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Looking at both behavioural and molecular levels of analysis, this book presents the results of recent research into the biochemistry and neural mechanisms of imprinting. The book discusses some of the difficulties that researchers have encountered in analyzing the neural basis of memory, and describes ways in which these difficulties have been overcome through the analysis of memories underlying habituation and imprinting. It also considers the biochemical consequences of imprinting and its cerebral localization, and examines the relationships between human and animal memory.Less
Looking at both behavioural and molecular levels of analysis, this book presents the results of recent research into the biochemistry and neural mechanisms of imprinting. The book discusses some of the difficulties that researchers have encountered in analyzing the neural basis of memory, and describes ways in which these difficulties have been overcome through the analysis of memories underlying habituation and imprinting. It also considers the biochemical consequences of imprinting and its cerebral localization, and examines the relationships between human and animal memory.
JOHN D. E. GABRIELI
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198524069
- eISBN:
- 9780191689109
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524069.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter first reviews the intellectual history of the systems approach to memory before examining several points of debate between processing and systems views of memory. The chapter contends ...
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This chapter first reviews the intellectual history of the systems approach to memory before examining several points of debate between processing and systems views of memory. The chapter contends that there are now many points of theoretical consensus and convergence among processing and systems researchers but there may be remaining intellectual tension concerning the important issue of how human memory should best be examined: whether most cognitive psychologists should investigate human memory through behavioural experiments using healthy, young subjects as neuropsychological sources of evidence, or instead focus on the study of brain-damaged individuals or upon brain imaging studies. The chapter argues that neuropsychological investigations of this type offer valuable sources of constraining data for cognitive psychologists continuing to perform traditional forms of behavioural investigation. Suggestions about future directions in memory research which integrate psychological and neuropsychological perspectives are presented here as well.Less
This chapter first reviews the intellectual history of the systems approach to memory before examining several points of debate between processing and systems views of memory. The chapter contends that there are now many points of theoretical consensus and convergence among processing and systems researchers but there may be remaining intellectual tension concerning the important issue of how human memory should best be examined: whether most cognitive psychologists should investigate human memory through behavioural experiments using healthy, young subjects as neuropsychological sources of evidence, or instead focus on the study of brain-damaged individuals or upon brain imaging studies. The chapter argues that neuropsychological investigations of this type offer valuable sources of constraining data for cognitive psychologists continuing to perform traditional forms of behavioural investigation. Suggestions about future directions in memory research which integrate psychological and neuropsychological perspectives are presented here as well.
SCOTT ATRAN
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195178036
- eISBN:
- 9780199850112
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178036.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter discusses the relationship between religious rituals and revelation. Religious rituals tend to be rigidly formulaic, sequentially typed public performances that conceptually forge ...
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This chapter discusses the relationship between religious rituals and revelation. Religious rituals tend to be rigidly formulaic, sequentially typed public performances that conceptually forge personal identity and memory according to cultural parameters. These publically held parameters are set by signs and displays that somewhat arbitrarily exploit and exaggerate elements of surrounding natural environment. Like oral tribal myths and enduring folktales, religious doctrine and liturgy lack any thoroughgoing logical or empirical constancy. Nevertheless, their quasi-propositional elements are well-tuned for human memory. Myths optimize storage and the retrieval of information that is culturally general and personally idiosyncratic. The myth-teller adapts a theme inherited from his or her audience in such a way that the specific time and space of the telling and participation become instantiations of universal themes.Less
This chapter discusses the relationship between religious rituals and revelation. Religious rituals tend to be rigidly formulaic, sequentially typed public performances that conceptually forge personal identity and memory according to cultural parameters. These publically held parameters are set by signs and displays that somewhat arbitrarily exploit and exaggerate elements of surrounding natural environment. Like oral tribal myths and enduring folktales, religious doctrine and liturgy lack any thoroughgoing logical or empirical constancy. Nevertheless, their quasi-propositional elements are well-tuned for human memory. Myths optimize storage and the retrieval of information that is culturally general and personally idiosyncratic. The myth-teller adapts a theme inherited from his or her audience in such a way that the specific time and space of the telling and participation become instantiations of universal themes.
Eric Halgren
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198509172
- eISBN:
- 9780191724626
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198509172.003.0010
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Sensory and Motor Systems
Various anatomical studies describe the parahippocampal gyrus (pHCg) as a nexus where influences from multiple limbic and neocortical sources can converge, mingle, and return. Corresponding to these ...
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Various anatomical studies describe the parahippocampal gyrus (pHCg) as a nexus where influences from multiple limbic and neocortical sources can converge, mingle, and return. Corresponding to these widespread connections, the pHCg in humans has an electrophysiological profile consistent with cognitive contextual integration. Neuropsychological studies demonstrate a crucial role for the pHCg in recent memory. Indeed, the integrative signal in the pHCg predicts later recall, and is strongly modulated by familiarity during retrieval. This chapter reviews this signal within its spatiotemporal and cognitive contexts, and considers what role it may play in the neural substrate of human memory.Less
Various anatomical studies describe the parahippocampal gyrus (pHCg) as a nexus where influences from multiple limbic and neocortical sources can converge, mingle, and return. Corresponding to these widespread connections, the pHCg in humans has an electrophysiological profile consistent with cognitive contextual integration. Neuropsychological studies demonstrate a crucial role for the pHCg in recent memory. Indeed, the integrative signal in the pHCg predicts later recall, and is strongly modulated by familiarity during retrieval. This chapter reviews this signal within its spatiotemporal and cognitive contexts, and considers what role it may play in the neural substrate of human memory.
Frank Rösler, Charan Ranganath, Brigitte Röder, and Rainer Kluwe (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199217298
- eISBN:
- 9780191696077
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217298.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Models and Architectures
In the past twenty years, neuroimaging has provided us with a wealth of data regarding human memory. This book asks: to what extent can neuroimaging constrain, support or falsify psychological ...
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In the past twenty years, neuroimaging has provided us with a wealth of data regarding human memory. This book asks: to what extent can neuroimaging constrain, support or falsify psychological theories of memory? To what degree is research on the biological bases of memory actually guided by psychological theory? In looking at the close interaction between neuroimaging research and psychological theories of human memory, this book presents an exploration of imaging research on human memory, along with accounts of the significance of these findings with regard to fundamental psychological questions. The book starts with a summary of some of the conceptual problems we face in understanding neuroimaging data. It then looks at the four areas of human memory research that have been most intensively studied with modern brain imaging tools — learning and consolidation, working memory control processes and storage, long-term memory representations, and retrieval control processes. Throughout, the book shows how brain imaging methods, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), can help us increase our knowledge of how human memory is organized, how memory representations are stored, consolidated and retrieved, and how access to memory contents is controlled.Less
In the past twenty years, neuroimaging has provided us with a wealth of data regarding human memory. This book asks: to what extent can neuroimaging constrain, support or falsify psychological theories of memory? To what degree is research on the biological bases of memory actually guided by psychological theory? In looking at the close interaction between neuroimaging research and psychological theories of human memory, this book presents an exploration of imaging research on human memory, along with accounts of the significance of these findings with regard to fundamental psychological questions. The book starts with a summary of some of the conceptual problems we face in understanding neuroimaging data. It then looks at the four areas of human memory research that have been most intensively studied with modern brain imaging tools — learning and consolidation, working memory control processes and storage, long-term memory representations, and retrieval control processes. Throughout, the book shows how brain imaging methods, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), can help us increase our knowledge of how human memory is organized, how memory representations are stored, consolidated and retrieved, and how access to memory contents is controlled.
Gennaro Auletta
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199608485
- eISBN:
- 9780191729539
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608485.003.0019
- Subject:
- Physics, Soft Matter / Biological Physics
The following problems are examined in this chapter: human intelligence, human memory, inferences, choice system, and empathy.
The following problems are examined in this chapter: human intelligence, human memory, inferences, choice system, and empathy.
Vanessa Lemm
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823230273
- eISBN:
- 9780823235469
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823230273.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter re-evaluates the importance of human animality and animal forgetfulness in Friedrich Nietzsche's conception of history and historiography. It argues that the ...
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This chapter re-evaluates the importance of human animality and animal forgetfulness in Friedrich Nietzsche's conception of history and historiography. It argues that the novelty of Nietzsche's history essay is grounded on the thesis that animal forgetfulness is prior to and more primordial than human memory. This led to a change in the conception of historiography as a work of art concerned with interpretations rather than factual representation of the past. This, in turn, led Nietzsche to add new prefaces to his original book edition during the period from 1886 to 1888.Less
This chapter re-evaluates the importance of human animality and animal forgetfulness in Friedrich Nietzsche's conception of history and historiography. It argues that the novelty of Nietzsche's history essay is grounded on the thesis that animal forgetfulness is prior to and more primordial than human memory. This led to a change in the conception of historiography as a work of art concerned with interpretations rather than factual representation of the past. This, in turn, led Nietzsche to add new prefaces to his original book edition during the period from 1886 to 1888.
TERESA A. BLAXTON
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198524069
- eISBN:
- 9780191689109
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524069.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
The goal of this chapter is to describe converging evidence obtained from several functional mapping techniques in experiments examining dissociations between conceptual and perceptual processing in ...
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The goal of this chapter is to describe converging evidence obtained from several functional mapping techniques in experiments examining dissociations between conceptual and perceptual processing in human memory. It proposes a framework for the mapping of conceptual and perceptual processing onto neurological substrates. The chapter contends that in verbal memory paradigms, conceptual processing is subserved by left mesial and temporal lobe structures, together with left inferior frontal cortex. In addition, it asserts that perceptual processes are subserved by the sensory regions engaged during the initial perception of the stimuli at encoding. Experimental findings from brain activation and stimulation studies are presented including the data obtained from experiments testing memory-impaired patients with unilateral temporal lobe lesions. Further, the chapter argues that both the conceptual/perceptual distinction made by processing theorists and the implicit/explicit distinction made by systems theorists are valid and needed to account for the totality of findings in the memory literature.Less
The goal of this chapter is to describe converging evidence obtained from several functional mapping techniques in experiments examining dissociations between conceptual and perceptual processing in human memory. It proposes a framework for the mapping of conceptual and perceptual processing onto neurological substrates. The chapter contends that in verbal memory paradigms, conceptual processing is subserved by left mesial and temporal lobe structures, together with left inferior frontal cortex. In addition, it asserts that perceptual processes are subserved by the sensory regions engaged during the initial perception of the stimuli at encoding. Experimental findings from brain activation and stimulation studies are presented including the data obtained from experiments testing memory-impaired patients with unilateral temporal lobe lesions. Further, the chapter argues that both the conceptual/perceptual distinction made by processing theorists and the implicit/explicit distinction made by systems theorists are valid and needed to account for the totality of findings in the memory literature.
Mark Steyvers and Thomas L. Griffiths
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199216093
- eISBN:
- 9780191695971
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216093.003.0015
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter provides a complementary Bayesian analysis of the problem of memory retrieval. A Bayesian model that is able both to classify words into semantically coherent groups, merely from ...
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This chapter provides a complementary Bayesian analysis of the problem of memory retrieval. A Bayesian model that is able both to classify words into semantically coherent groups, merely from observing their co-occurrence patterns in texts, is used as the basis for understanding aspects not only of how some linguistic categories might be created, but also how relevant information can be retrieved, using probabilistic principles. This work can be viewed as a natural follow-on from Anderson and colleagues' pioneering rational analyses of memory (Anderson & Milson, 1989; Anderson & Schooler, 1991). This chapter uses innovations in information retrieval as a way to explore the connections between research on human memory and information retrieval systems. It also provides an example of how cognitive research can help information retrieval research by formalizing theories of knowledge and memory organization that have been proposed by cognitive psychologists.Less
This chapter provides a complementary Bayesian analysis of the problem of memory retrieval. A Bayesian model that is able both to classify words into semantically coherent groups, merely from observing their co-occurrence patterns in texts, is used as the basis for understanding aspects not only of how some linguistic categories might be created, but also how relevant information can be retrieved, using probabilistic principles. This work can be viewed as a natural follow-on from Anderson and colleagues' pioneering rational analyses of memory (Anderson & Milson, 1989; Anderson & Schooler, 1991). This chapter uses innovations in information retrieval as a way to explore the connections between research on human memory and information retrieval systems. It also provides an example of how cognitive research can help information retrieval research by formalizing theories of knowledge and memory organization that have been proposed by cognitive psychologists.
Suzanne Nalbantian
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014571
- eISBN:
- 9780262289672
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014571.003.0013
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
This chapter presents the hypothesis that human memory can be understood as a dynamic process, often working with fixed elements that become transformed in the crucible of creative construction. It ...
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This chapter presents the hypothesis that human memory can be understood as a dynamic process, often working with fixed elements that become transformed in the crucible of creative construction. It expounds on case studies wherein the memory experiences of healthy, human subjects as enacted dynamically in modern fiction have been classified according to distinct typologies. These case studies are distinctly applicable to established viewpoints in memory research, corroborating some and predating others. They also demonstrate a variety of human memory processes, instead of remaining confined to any single scientifically based theory. The descriptive interpretations presented in this chapter help to shed light on certain intricate interactions and selectivity in human memory processing.Less
This chapter presents the hypothesis that human memory can be understood as a dynamic process, often working with fixed elements that become transformed in the crucible of creative construction. It expounds on case studies wherein the memory experiences of healthy, human subjects as enacted dynamically in modern fiction have been classified according to distinct typologies. These case studies are distinctly applicable to established viewpoints in memory research, corroborating some and predating others. They also demonstrate a variety of human memory processes, instead of remaining confined to any single scientifically based theory. The descriptive interpretations presented in this chapter help to shed light on certain intricate interactions and selectivity in human memory processing.
AARON WILLIAMON
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198525356
- eISBN:
- 9780191689345
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525356.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology
This chapter reviews a range of memorization strategies that are available to musicians. The chapter is in three main sections. It begins by setting out basic principles of human memory, including a ...
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This chapter reviews a range of memorization strategies that are available to musicians. The chapter is in three main sections. It begins by setting out basic principles of human memory, including a discussion of the psychological structures thought to be involved in memorization and some recommendations for improving memory generally. The second section explores musical memory specifically and offers a selection of strategies commonly used by musicians and tested through systematic research. These include rote memorization, methods for memorizing visual and auditory information, methods for developing and exploiting ‘conceptual’ memory, and memorization for words and music. The chapter closes with a discussion of how these strategies can be used in conjunction with one another and how individual differences in learning styles may impact on one's capacity to memorize.Less
This chapter reviews a range of memorization strategies that are available to musicians. The chapter is in three main sections. It begins by setting out basic principles of human memory, including a discussion of the psychological structures thought to be involved in memorization and some recommendations for improving memory generally. The second section explores musical memory specifically and offers a selection of strategies commonly used by musicians and tested through systematic research. These include rote memorization, methods for memorizing visual and auditory information, methods for developing and exploiting ‘conceptual’ memory, and memorization for words and music. The chapter closes with a discussion of how these strategies can be used in conjunction with one another and how individual differences in learning styles may impact on one's capacity to memorize.
Veronica A. Bradley, Narinder Kapur, and Jonathan Evans
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198526544
- eISBN:
- 9780191689420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526544.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Neuropsychology
This chapter discusses the assessment of memory as part of the process of memory rehabilitation in terms of practical considerations and a ...
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This chapter discusses the assessment of memory as part of the process of memory rehabilitation in terms of practical considerations and a conceptual framework. It describes the sources of evidence with particular reference to formal tests which may be useful in this context, and offers some suggestions are as to the value of certain tests or other assessment procedures in answering frequently-asked questions in the rehabilitation setting. In the future, some tests may be administered through the Internet, or by means of a videophone, there is a need for memory tests specifically designed to monitor the effects of therapeutic intervention.Less
This chapter discusses the assessment of memory as part of the process of memory rehabilitation in terms of practical considerations and a conceptual framework. It describes the sources of evidence with particular reference to formal tests which may be useful in this context, and offers some suggestions are as to the value of certain tests or other assessment procedures in answering frequently-asked questions in the rehabilitation setting. In the future, some tests may be administered through the Internet, or by means of a videophone, there is a need for memory tests specifically designed to monitor the effects of therapeutic intervention.
John T. E. Richardson, Randall W. Engle, Lynn Hasher, Robert H. Logie, Ellen R. Stoltzfus, and Rose T. Zacks
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195100990
- eISBN:
- 9780199846849
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195100990.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
The purpose of this book is to compare and contrast different conceptions of working memory. This is one of the most important notions to have informed cognitive psychology over the last twenty ...
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The purpose of this book is to compare and contrast different conceptions of working memory. This is one of the most important notions to have informed cognitive psychology over the last twenty years, and it has been used in a wide variety of ways. This, in part, is because contemporary usage of the phrase “working memory” encapsulates various themes that have appeared at different points in the history of research into human memory and cognition. The book presents three dominant views of working memory.Less
The purpose of this book is to compare and contrast different conceptions of working memory. This is one of the most important notions to have informed cognitive psychology over the last twenty years, and it has been used in a wide variety of ways. This, in part, is because contemporary usage of the phrase “working memory” encapsulates various themes that have appeared at different points in the history of research into human memory and cognition. The book presents three dominant views of working memory.
Stanley B. Klein
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199928057
- eISBN:
- 9780199369744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199928057.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
The goal in this chapter is to make a case for evolution as one of the core concepts in the scientific study of memory (e.g., Klein, Cosmides, Tooby, & Chance, 2002; Sherry & Schacter, 1987). At its ...
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The goal in this chapter is to make a case for evolution as one of the core concepts in the scientific study of memory (e.g., Klein, Cosmides, Tooby, & Chance, 2002; Sherry & Schacter, 1987). At its most general level, the task seems straightforward: Few scientists seriously question the relevance of evolutionary principles to understanding the function of biological systems. Such general considerations do not, however, warrant the conclusion that evolutionary principles are essential to understanding memory per se.Less
The goal in this chapter is to make a case for evolution as one of the core concepts in the scientific study of memory (e.g., Klein, Cosmides, Tooby, & Chance, 2002; Sherry & Schacter, 1987). At its most general level, the task seems straightforward: Few scientists seriously question the relevance of evolutionary principles to understanding the function of biological systems. Such general considerations do not, however, warrant the conclusion that evolutionary principles are essential to understanding memory per se.
Suzanne Nalbantian, Paul M. Matthews, and James L. McClelland (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014571
- eISBN:
- 9780262289672
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014571.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
This book offers an interdisciplinary approach to the understanding of human memory, with contributions from both neuroscientists and humanists. Linking the neuroscientific study of memory to the ...
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This book offers an interdisciplinary approach to the understanding of human memory, with contributions from both neuroscientists and humanists. Linking the neuroscientific study of memory to the investigation of memory in the humanities, it connects the latest findings in memory research with insights from philosophy, literature, theater, art, music, and film. Chapters from the scientific perspective discuss both fundamental concepts and ongoing debates from genetic and epigenetic approaches, functional neuroimaging, connectionist modeling, dream analysis, and neurocognitive studies. The humanist analyses offer insights about memory from outside the laboratory: a taxonomy of memory gleaned from modernist authors including Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, and William Faulkner; the organization of memory, seen in drama ranging from Hamlet to The Glass Menagerie; procedural memory and emotional memory in responses to visual art; music's dependence on the listener's recall; and the vivid renderings of memory and forgetting in such films as Memento and Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. The chapters from the philosophical perspective serve as the bridge between science and the arts. The book's introduction offers an integrative merging of neuroscientific and humanistic findings.Less
This book offers an interdisciplinary approach to the understanding of human memory, with contributions from both neuroscientists and humanists. Linking the neuroscientific study of memory to the investigation of memory in the humanities, it connects the latest findings in memory research with insights from philosophy, literature, theater, art, music, and film. Chapters from the scientific perspective discuss both fundamental concepts and ongoing debates from genetic and epigenetic approaches, functional neuroimaging, connectionist modeling, dream analysis, and neurocognitive studies. The humanist analyses offer insights about memory from outside the laboratory: a taxonomy of memory gleaned from modernist authors including Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, and William Faulkner; the organization of memory, seen in drama ranging from Hamlet to The Glass Menagerie; procedural memory and emotional memory in responses to visual art; music's dependence on the listener's recall; and the vivid renderings of memory and forgetting in such films as Memento and Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. The chapters from the philosophical perspective serve as the bridge between science and the arts. The book's introduction offers an integrative merging of neuroscientific and humanistic findings.
Warren Sack
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262062749
- eISBN:
- 9780262273343
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262062749.003.0026
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter explores the concept of computer memory by taking into consideration the previous theories, analogies, views, and works of various philosophers, scientists, and researchers. The ...
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This chapter explores the concept of computer memory by taking into consideration the previous theories, analogies, views, and works of various philosophers, scientists, and researchers. The differentiation between human and machine memories helps to explain the historical background and the requirement of the computer memory. The later parts of the chapter provide a discussion on the general and basic concepts of computer memory and the application areas. The main purpose of the chapter is to discuss how the previous metaphors affected the computer memory concept.Less
This chapter explores the concept of computer memory by taking into consideration the previous theories, analogies, views, and works of various philosophers, scientists, and researchers. The differentiation between human and machine memories helps to explain the historical background and the requirement of the computer memory. The later parts of the chapter provide a discussion on the general and basic concepts of computer memory and the application areas. The main purpose of the chapter is to discuss how the previous metaphors affected the computer memory concept.
Douwe Draaisma
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300207286
- eISBN:
- 9780300213959
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300207286.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter considers the work of Canadian neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield, who contributed more than anyone to the theory that our brains contain a complete record of everything we have ever ...
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This chapter considers the work of Canadian neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield, who contributed more than anyone to the theory that our brains contain a complete record of everything we have ever experienced. Based on several brain stimulation studies on patients with epilepsy, Penfield declared that our brains store away experiences “like a wire-recorder or a tape-recorder.” Current brain science has dispensed with the notion that Penfield discovered a neuronal tape recorder. Nonetheless, his theory has embedded itself in the collective memory, where its lies next to other favorite neuromyths such as “we use only 10 per cent of our brains,” or “women are better at multitasking because they have more connections between the two halves of their brains”—myths that are believed not because the evidence is convincing but because people want to believe them.Less
This chapter considers the work of Canadian neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield, who contributed more than anyone to the theory that our brains contain a complete record of everything we have ever experienced. Based on several brain stimulation studies on patients with epilepsy, Penfield declared that our brains store away experiences “like a wire-recorder or a tape-recorder.” Current brain science has dispensed with the notion that Penfield discovered a neuronal tape recorder. Nonetheless, his theory has embedded itself in the collective memory, where its lies next to other favorite neuromyths such as “we use only 10 per cent of our brains,” or “women are better at multitasking because they have more connections between the two halves of their brains”—myths that are believed not because the evidence is convincing but because people want to believe them.
