Robert Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199262014
- eISBN:
- 9780191601033
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199262012.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter presents the mode of reasoning used throughout the book: that international relations is entirely a sphere of human relations. It contrasts humanist conception with a positivist social ...
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This chapter presents the mode of reasoning used throughout the book: that international relations is entirely a sphere of human relations. It contrasts humanist conception with a positivist social science conception of international relations as self-existing structures and self-propelling systems. It then discusses the seven faces of international human activity.Less
This chapter presents the mode of reasoning used throughout the book: that international relations is entirely a sphere of human relations. It contrasts humanist conception with a positivist social science conception of international relations as self-existing structures and self-propelling systems. It then discusses the seven faces of international human activity.
John D. Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198515340
- eISBN:
- 9780191705687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515340.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This chapter provides a detailed account of the three main features of Mediterranean history that have modulated ecological and evolutionary processes acting on plant biodiversity in the region: ...
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This chapter provides a detailed account of the three main features of Mediterranean history that have modulated ecological and evolutionary processes acting on plant biodiversity in the region: geology, climate, and human activities. A complex geological history, which has shaped land connections across the Mediterranean region, and the development of the characteristic summer-dry climate have greatly impacted on species distributions, isolating populations and bringing into reproductive contact previously isolated taxa. The long history of human activities has modified selection pressures and fragmented habitats, and thus the potential for dispersal across the landscape. These three factors have greatly influenced the diversity and unity of the Mediterranean flora. This chapter describes important regions of plant diversification, and underlines why it is important to consider regional history for the understanding of plant evolution.Less
This chapter provides a detailed account of the three main features of Mediterranean history that have modulated ecological and evolutionary processes acting on plant biodiversity in the region: geology, climate, and human activities. A complex geological history, which has shaped land connections across the Mediterranean region, and the development of the characteristic summer-dry climate have greatly impacted on species distributions, isolating populations and bringing into reproductive contact previously isolated taxa. The long history of human activities has modified selection pressures and fragmented habitats, and thus the potential for dispersal across the landscape. These three factors have greatly influenced the diversity and unity of the Mediterranean flora. This chapter describes important regions of plant diversification, and underlines why it is important to consider regional history for the understanding of plant evolution.
John D. Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198515340
- eISBN:
- 9780191705687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515340.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This introductory chapter sets the scene both in terms of evolutionary themes and regional history. The two main evolutionary themes of the book — diversity and adaptation — are presented and the ...
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This introductory chapter sets the scene both in terms of evolutionary themes and regional history. The two main evolutionary themes of the book — diversity and adaptation — are presented and the objectives of the book outlined. The purpose is to place the evolutionary processes which shape plant evolution firmly into the context of the three main historical influences on vegetation in the Mediterranean region: geological history, the development of the Mediterranean-type climate, and the history of human activities. This triptych of factors has created the template for the evolution of diversity among biogeographic regions, and for population differentiation across the Mediterranean mosaic landscape.Less
This introductory chapter sets the scene both in terms of evolutionary themes and regional history. The two main evolutionary themes of the book — diversity and adaptation — are presented and the objectives of the book outlined. The purpose is to place the evolutionary processes which shape plant evolution firmly into the context of the three main historical influences on vegetation in the Mediterranean region: geological history, the development of the Mediterranean-type climate, and the history of human activities. This triptych of factors has created the template for the evolution of diversity among biogeographic regions, and for population differentiation across the Mediterranean mosaic landscape.
C. Anne Claus, Kai M. A. Chan, and Terre Satterfield
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199554232
- eISBN:
- 9780191720666
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199554232.003.0015
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
In this chapter, C. Anne Claus, Kai M. A. Chan and Terre Satterfield highlight that understanding human activities and human roles in conservation is fundamental to effective conservation. ...
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In this chapter, C. Anne Claus, Kai M. A. Chan and Terre Satterfield highlight that understanding human activities and human roles in conservation is fundamental to effective conservation. Conservation is inherently a social process operating in a social context. As such, conservationists will benefit from a nuanced understanding of people's perceptions and behaviors as individuals and in organizations and institutions. While there is no easy recipe for how local resource users should participate in modern conservation initiatives, attentiveness to resource rights and equity are critical in every conservation project. A successful conservation movement will effectively integrate the natural sciences and diverse fields of social research.Less
In this chapter, C. Anne Claus, Kai M. A. Chan and Terre Satterfield highlight that understanding human activities and human roles in conservation is fundamental to effective conservation. Conservation is inherently a social process operating in a social context. As such, conservationists will benefit from a nuanced understanding of people's perceptions and behaviors as individuals and in organizations and institutions. While there is no easy recipe for how local resource users should participate in modern conservation initiatives, attentiveness to resource rights and equity are critical in every conservation project. A successful conservation movement will effectively integrate the natural sciences and diverse fields of social research.
Torstein Theodor Tollefsen
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199605965
- eISBN:
- 9780191738227
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199605965.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies, Religion in the Ancient World
In this chapter the Incarnation is treated as a primary instance of divine external activity. Focus is on the divine activity in relation to human activity in the ontology of the God-man ...
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In this chapter the Incarnation is treated as a primary instance of divine external activity. Focus is on the divine activity in relation to human activity in the ontology of the God-man (communicatio idiomatum) according to Gregory of Nyssa and Maximus the Confessor. The activity of the divine nature in the humanity of Christ is considered as an act of participation. Special attention is given to Maximus’ ontological analysis of essence and activity, which is applicable both on the ontology of the Incarnation and on the doctrine of deification of human beings.Less
In this chapter the Incarnation is treated as a primary instance of divine external activity. Focus is on the divine activity in relation to human activity in the ontology of the God-man (communicatio idiomatum) according to Gregory of Nyssa and Maximus the Confessor. The activity of the divine nature in the humanity of Christ is considered as an act of participation. Special attention is given to Maximus’ ontological analysis of essence and activity, which is applicable both on the ontology of the Incarnation and on the doctrine of deification of human beings.
Torstein Theodor Tollefsen
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199605965
- eISBN:
- 9780191738227
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199605965.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies, Religion in the Ancient World
The chapter investigates the doctrine of deification in Gregory of Nyssa and Maximus the Confessor. Gregory understands virtue as a mimetic activity. He considers deification as an act of ...
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The chapter investigates the doctrine of deification in Gregory of Nyssa and Maximus the Confessor. Gregory understands virtue as a mimetic activity. He considers deification as an act of participation in divine activity present within the recipient, not in a created gift of grace. Maximus the Confessor teaches spiritual development in three stages that culminates in deification, of which Maximus has a rather strong or radical view. Participation is distinctly understood as the presence of divine activity in the recipient, in such a way that human activities may be executed in a divine mode. According to Maximus, man transcends the natural limits of his being because of the active presence of God’s transforming grace.Less
The chapter investigates the doctrine of deification in Gregory of Nyssa and Maximus the Confessor. Gregory understands virtue as a mimetic activity. He considers deification as an act of participation in divine activity present within the recipient, not in a created gift of grace. Maximus the Confessor teaches spiritual development in three stages that culminates in deification, of which Maximus has a rather strong or radical view. Participation is distinctly understood as the presence of divine activity in the recipient, in such a way that human activities may be executed in a divine mode. According to Maximus, man transcends the natural limits of his being because of the active presence of God’s transforming grace.
Richard Firn
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199566839
- eISBN:
- 9780191721700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566839.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Biochemistry / Molecular Biology
This chapter shows how human obsession for certain NPs (e.g. coffee, tea, spices, morphine, cocaine, hops, quinine, etc.) has influenced world history. If one looks at NPs as a group rather than each ...
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This chapter shows how human obsession for certain NPs (e.g. coffee, tea, spices, morphine, cocaine, hops, quinine, etc.) has influenced world history. If one looks at NPs as a group rather than each individually, the importance of NPs in human history is even more striking. Indeed, it is apparent that over the centuries, those rulers who have gained a near monopoly on the supply of certain NP-rich materials have shaped the current geopolitical map of the world. The wealth created by trading in NPs was used to build great cities with magnificent houses and public buildings, cities where arts and science flourished. Even today the legal, and illegal, trading in a few NPs still dominates economic activity in the world. Remarkably, this very obvious fact is rarely appreciated.Less
This chapter shows how human obsession for certain NPs (e.g. coffee, tea, spices, morphine, cocaine, hops, quinine, etc.) has influenced world history. If one looks at NPs as a group rather than each individually, the importance of NPs in human history is even more striking. Indeed, it is apparent that over the centuries, those rulers who have gained a near monopoly on the supply of certain NP-rich materials have shaped the current geopolitical map of the world. The wealth created by trading in NPs was used to build great cities with magnificent houses and public buildings, cities where arts and science flourished. Even today the legal, and illegal, trading in a few NPs still dominates economic activity in the world. Remarkably, this very obvious fact is rarely appreciated.
D. Dudley Williams
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528128
- eISBN:
- 9780191713538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528128.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
This chapter examines aspects of temporary waters that are largely associated with human activities. Some of these associations are ancient, for example use of temporary floodplain pools for trapping ...
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This chapter examines aspects of temporary waters that are largely associated with human activities. Some of these associations are ancient, for example use of temporary floodplain pools for trapping migrating fishes; the rice-paddy culture method for fishes; and the rotation of grain and carp harvests in Europe. In each case, the characteristics of community structure and dynamics are outlined and compared with other temporary waters.Less
This chapter examines aspects of temporary waters that are largely associated with human activities. Some of these associations are ancient, for example use of temporary floodplain pools for trapping migrating fishes; the rice-paddy culture method for fishes; and the rotation of grain and carp harvests in Europe. In each case, the characteristics of community structure and dynamics are outlined and compared with other temporary waters.
John Paul Eberhard
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195331721
- eISBN:
- 9780199864058
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331721.003.0008
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Techniques
Architectural settings are places in which human activity occurs—including living, learning, healing, work, and worship. The practice of architecture has gone through enormous changes in the past ...
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Architectural settings are places in which human activity occurs—including living, learning, healing, work, and worship. The practice of architecture has gone through enormous changes in the past century, including the development of tools for analysis and design based on physics, but it is now in need of a new paradigm. Neuroscience research has the potential to create a much-needed knowledge base for this new paradigm. The example of research by Dr. Stanley Graven on the design of neo-natal care units is cited in here. This book strives to build intellectual bridges between architecture and neuroscience.Less
Architectural settings are places in which human activity occurs—including living, learning, healing, work, and worship. The practice of architecture has gone through enormous changes in the past century, including the development of tools for analysis and design based on physics, but it is now in need of a new paradigm. Neuroscience research has the potential to create a much-needed knowledge base for this new paradigm. The example of research by Dr. Stanley Graven on the design of neo-natal care units is cited in here. This book strives to build intellectual bridges between architecture and neuroscience.
Yuri Dormashev and Evgeny N. Osin
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262013840
- eISBN:
- 9780262269438
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262013840.003.0014
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter, which focuses on explaining the concept of flow experience on the basis of an activity approach to attention, gives a description of the concepts of psychological theory of activity ...
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This chapter, which focuses on explaining the concept of flow experience on the basis of an activity approach to attention, gives a description of the concepts of psychological theory of activity along with a discussion and expansion of its fundamental components. It also describes the theory of attention, proposes that the nature of attention be used as a function of activity, explains the flow phenomenon on the basis of the earlier findings, and establishes the evidence regarding consistency of these findings. The findings in the chapter reveal that a human activity becomes complex when actions are initiated differently within its structureLess
This chapter, which focuses on explaining the concept of flow experience on the basis of an activity approach to attention, gives a description of the concepts of psychological theory of activity along with a discussion and expansion of its fundamental components. It also describes the theory of attention, proposes that the nature of attention be used as a function of activity, explains the flow phenomenon on the basis of the earlier findings, and establishes the evidence regarding consistency of these findings. The findings in the chapter reveal that a human activity becomes complex when actions are initiated differently within its structure
John J. McDermott (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780823224845
- eISBN:
- 9780823284894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823224845.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, American Philosophy
This chapter examines the nature of truth. It provides a classification of the main motives which are represented by the principal recent theories regarding the nature of truth. First, there is the ...
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This chapter examines the nature of truth. It provides a classification of the main motives which are represented by the principal recent theories regarding the nature of truth. First, there is the motive especially suggested by the study of the history of institutions, by people's whole interest in what are called “evolutionary processes,” and by a large part of people's recent psychological investigation. This is the motive which leads many to describe human life altogether as a more or less progressive adjustment to a natural environment. The second motive is the same as that which, in ethics, is responsible for so many sorts of recent Individualism. It is the longing to be self-possessed and inwardly free, the determination to submit to no merely external authority. Meanwhile, the third motive has led to the discovery of what are novel truths regarding the fundamental relations upon which all of human thought and human activity rest.Less
This chapter examines the nature of truth. It provides a classification of the main motives which are represented by the principal recent theories regarding the nature of truth. First, there is the motive especially suggested by the study of the history of institutions, by people's whole interest in what are called “evolutionary processes,” and by a large part of people's recent psychological investigation. This is the motive which leads many to describe human life altogether as a more or less progressive adjustment to a natural environment. The second motive is the same as that which, in ethics, is responsible for so many sorts of recent Individualism. It is the longing to be self-possessed and inwardly free, the determination to submit to no merely external authority. Meanwhile, the third motive has led to the discovery of what are novel truths regarding the fundamental relations upon which all of human thought and human activity rest.
Simon Frith
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199568086
- eISBN:
- 9780191731044
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568086.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology, Social Psychology
For a sociologist the ‘question of creativity’ is not why some people are creative and others not, nor how we can develop and encourage creativity in everyone, nor even what sort of mental processes ...
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For a sociologist the ‘question of creativity’ is not why some people are creative and others not, nor how we can develop and encourage creativity in everyone, nor even what sort of mental processes creativity involves. Rather, sociologists are interested in creativity as a discourse — the social and cultural circumstances some human activities considered ‘creative’ are under — and an ideology. Why is human creativity considered to be such a good thing? This chapter argues that what is at issue in our understanding of creativity is not ‘creativity as a special sort of human activity’ nor creators as people with ‘special powers’ but creativity as a social fact, a way of thinking about what people do such that certain kinds of activity give people a particular social status. Such a way of thinking is the effect of social institutions. This argument is illustrated with reference to musical creativity, but the most useful starting point for this discussion is the recent history of ‘creativity’ as a more general term in political debate.Less
For a sociologist the ‘question of creativity’ is not why some people are creative and others not, nor how we can develop and encourage creativity in everyone, nor even what sort of mental processes creativity involves. Rather, sociologists are interested in creativity as a discourse — the social and cultural circumstances some human activities considered ‘creative’ are under — and an ideology. Why is human creativity considered to be such a good thing? This chapter argues that what is at issue in our understanding of creativity is not ‘creativity as a special sort of human activity’ nor creators as people with ‘special powers’ but creativity as a social fact, a way of thinking about what people do such that certain kinds of activity give people a particular social status. Such a way of thinking is the effect of social institutions. This argument is illustrated with reference to musical creativity, but the most useful starting point for this discussion is the recent history of ‘creativity’ as a more general term in political debate.
Joanna D. Haigh and Peter Cargill
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153834
- eISBN:
- 9781400866540
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153834.003.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Climate
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Earth's climate system—its composition, structure, and circulation—and some of the ways in which these vary naturally with time. It examines the ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Earth's climate system—its composition, structure, and circulation—and some of the ways in which these vary naturally with time. It examines the key features of the structure of the Sun, its magnetic field, atmosphere, and its emission of radiation and particles. A comprehension of how the sun affects the Earth is a fundamental requirement for understanding how climate has varied in the past and how it might change in the future. This is particularly important in the context of determining the cause(s) of climate change and understanding natural factors in order to be able to attribute to human activity any past or potential future influence on a range of timescales.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Earth's climate system—its composition, structure, and circulation—and some of the ways in which these vary naturally with time. It examines the key features of the structure of the Sun, its magnetic field, atmosphere, and its emission of radiation and particles. A comprehension of how the sun affects the Earth is a fundamental requirement for understanding how climate has varied in the past and how it might change in the future. This is particularly important in the context of determining the cause(s) of climate change and understanding natural factors in order to be able to attribute to human activity any past or potential future influence on a range of timescales.
Jan G. Laitos
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195386066
- eISBN:
- 9780199949656
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195386066.003.0013
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter considers how evolutionary biology seems to suggest that living organisms would not have evolved to the point where humans could exist if humans had more of an opportunity to wreak havoc ...
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This chapter considers how evolutionary biology seems to suggest that living organisms would not have evolved to the point where humans could exist if humans had more of an opportunity to wreak havoc on the natural world by their relentless and systematic use of natural resources. Indeed, it suggests that human interference with resource nonuse may be adversely affecting the evolutionary mechanism that had been in place long before humans were around. One response to this uniquely biological harm brought about by human activity is for humans to consider the benefits that might flow if they were to leave nature alone, so that the nonuse features of resources have the opportunity to correct the harms caused by human use demands.Less
This chapter considers how evolutionary biology seems to suggest that living organisms would not have evolved to the point where humans could exist if humans had more of an opportunity to wreak havoc on the natural world by their relentless and systematic use of natural resources. Indeed, it suggests that human interference with resource nonuse may be adversely affecting the evolutionary mechanism that had been in place long before humans were around. One response to this uniquely biological harm brought about by human activity is for humans to consider the benefits that might flow if they were to leave nature alone, so that the nonuse features of resources have the opportunity to correct the harms caused by human use demands.
Thora Bayer
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300083316
- eISBN:
- 9780300127171
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300083316.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This book—a commentary on Ernst Cassirer's Metaphysics of Symbolic Forms—provides an introduction to the metaphysical views that underlie the philosopher's conceptions of symbolic form and human ...
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This book—a commentary on Ernst Cassirer's Metaphysics of Symbolic Forms—provides an introduction to the metaphysical views that underlie the philosopher's conceptions of symbolic form and human culture. It focuses on the meaning of Cassirer's claim that philosophy is not itself a symbolic form but the thought around which all aspects of human activity are seen as a whole. Underlying the symbolic forms are Cassirer's two metaphysical principles, spirit (Geist) and life, which interact to produce the reality of the human world. The book shows how these two principles of Cassirer's early philosophy are connected with the phenomenology of his later philosophy, which centers on his conception of “basis phenomena”—self, will, and work.Less
This book—a commentary on Ernst Cassirer's Metaphysics of Symbolic Forms—provides an introduction to the metaphysical views that underlie the philosopher's conceptions of symbolic form and human culture. It focuses on the meaning of Cassirer's claim that philosophy is not itself a symbolic form but the thought around which all aspects of human activity are seen as a whole. Underlying the symbolic forms are Cassirer's two metaphysical principles, spirit (Geist) and life, which interact to produce the reality of the human world. The book shows how these two principles of Cassirer's early philosophy are connected with the phenomenology of his later philosophy, which centers on his conception of “basis phenomena”—self, will, and work.
Jürgen Habermas
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823228416
- eISBN:
- 9780823235544
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823228416.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, American Philosophy
This chapter examines German philosopher Jürgen Habermas' view on the characterization of the role of scientific technology as a type of human activity from the ...
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This chapter examines German philosopher Jürgen Habermas' view on the characterization of the role of scientific technology as a type of human activity from the perspective of American Pragmatism. Habermas contends that scientific technology can never be concerned with questions of practical reasons, and in order for scientific technology to do its work it must dismiss such concerns as subjective. This chapter also analyzes Habermas' attempt to construct a middle position between the disparate visions of scientific technology advanced by the positivist right and the Marcusean left.Less
This chapter examines German philosopher Jürgen Habermas' view on the characterization of the role of scientific technology as a type of human activity from the perspective of American Pragmatism. Habermas contends that scientific technology can never be concerned with questions of practical reasons, and in order for scientific technology to do its work it must dismiss such concerns as subjective. This chapter also analyzes Habermas' attempt to construct a middle position between the disparate visions of scientific technology advanced by the positivist right and the Marcusean left.
Sara E. Jensen and Guy R. McPherson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520255890
- eISBN:
- 9780520942516
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520255890.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter presents some of the ways human activities have changed western fire regimes. The fire suppression policies of federal agencies resulted in a heavy accumulation of fuels in forests. One ...
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This chapter presents some of the ways human activities have changed western fire regimes. The fire suppression policies of federal agencies resulted in a heavy accumulation of fuels in forests. One example is fire-suppression fuel buildups based on the study of ponderosa pine forests. In other ecosystems, suppression policy plays only a minor role in creating fires. The major anthropogenic factors that cause changing fire regimes are: global climate change, unrestrained development in the wildland-urban interface, inappropriate logging and grazing practices, and the introductions of nonnative species.Less
This chapter presents some of the ways human activities have changed western fire regimes. The fire suppression policies of federal agencies resulted in a heavy accumulation of fuels in forests. One example is fire-suppression fuel buildups based on the study of ponderosa pine forests. In other ecosystems, suppression policy plays only a minor role in creating fires. The major anthropogenic factors that cause changing fire regimes are: global climate change, unrestrained development in the wildland-urban interface, inappropriate logging and grazing practices, and the introductions of nonnative species.
R. H. Robins
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263952
- eISBN:
- 9780191734083
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263952.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter examines the history and developments in British scholarship on medieval language studies. It clarifies three topics sensitive to the analysis of British medieval language studies. These ...
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This chapter examines the history and developments in British scholarship on medieval language studies. It clarifies three topics sensitive to the analysis of British medieval language studies. These include the content of the term medieval as a historical adjective, the meaning and concept of language and what is specifically British scholarship. This chapter focuses on the medieval study of language as a specifically human activity and part of the divine creation of mankind.Less
This chapter examines the history and developments in British scholarship on medieval language studies. It clarifies three topics sensitive to the analysis of British medieval language studies. These include the content of the term medieval as a historical adjective, the meaning and concept of language and what is specifically British scholarship. This chapter focuses on the medieval study of language as a specifically human activity and part of the divine creation of mankind.
Richard D. Bardgett and T. Hefin Jones
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199575923
- eISBN:
- 9780191774843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199575923.003.0025
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter offers a synthesis of the discussions in Section 5, which demonstrates the potential for human activities to have profound impacts on soils, their biodiversity, and their capacity to ...
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This chapter offers a synthesis of the discussions in Section 5, which demonstrates the potential for human activities to have profound impacts on soils, their biodiversity, and their capacity to deliver ecosystem services. It illustrates how decisions about the future management of soils for ecosystem services will need to take into account how they are being, and will be, affected by multiple global change phenomena in the future, and how soil management might actually be changed in order to mitigate global change, for example, through carbon storage in soil.Less
This chapter offers a synthesis of the discussions in Section 5, which demonstrates the potential for human activities to have profound impacts on soils, their biodiversity, and their capacity to deliver ecosystem services. It illustrates how decisions about the future management of soils for ecosystem services will need to take into account how they are being, and will be, affected by multiple global change phenomena in the future, and how soil management might actually be changed in order to mitigate global change, for example, through carbon storage in soil.
Severin Borenstein
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226269146
- eISBN:
- 9780226921983
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226921983.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Human activities such as agriculture, deforestation, and fossil fuel burning affect the natural carbon cycle in many ways, and release greenhouse gases that increase atmospheric CO2 concentration and ...
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Human activities such as agriculture, deforestation, and fossil fuel burning affect the natural carbon cycle in many ways, and release greenhouse gases that increase atmospheric CO2 concentration and cause climate change. Economists suggest that pricing carbon emissions through a tax or a tradable permit system can efficiently reduce these anthropogenic carbon emissions. This chapter explores the human impacts on natural carbon cycle, as well as the implications for pricing carbon emissions.Less
Human activities such as agriculture, deforestation, and fossil fuel burning affect the natural carbon cycle in many ways, and release greenhouse gases that increase atmospheric CO2 concentration and cause climate change. Economists suggest that pricing carbon emissions through a tax or a tradable permit system can efficiently reduce these anthropogenic carbon emissions. This chapter explores the human impacts on natural carbon cycle, as well as the implications for pricing carbon emissions.
