Antulio J. Echevarria II
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199231911
- eISBN:
- 9780191716171
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231911.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter discusses Clausewitz's understanding of the nature of war. He argued that the nature of war was complex and variable, not static or immutable. It was made up of a trinity of forces: ...
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This chapter discusses Clausewitz's understanding of the nature of war. He argued that the nature of war was complex and variable, not static or immutable. It was made up of a trinity of forces: hostility, chance, and purpose.Less
This chapter discusses Clausewitz's understanding of the nature of war. He argued that the nature of war was complex and variable, not static or immutable. It was made up of a trinity of forces: hostility, chance, and purpose.
Antulio J. Echevarria II
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199232024
- eISBN:
- 9780191716133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232024.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Having explored Clausewitz's concept of the nature of war so far in this book, this chapter applies it to the contemporary war on terror. The wondrous trinity — the core of the Clausewitzian nature ...
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Having explored Clausewitz's concept of the nature of war so far in this book, this chapter applies it to the contemporary war on terror. The wondrous trinity — the core of the Clausewitzian nature of war — provides a useful framework for understanding the nature of the war on terror.Less
Having explored Clausewitz's concept of the nature of war so far in this book, this chapter applies it to the contemporary war on terror. The wondrous trinity — the core of the Clausewitzian nature of war — provides a useful framework for understanding the nature of the war on terror.
Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151250
- eISBN:
- 9781400838837
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151250.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
This chapter examines the coevolution of two genetically transmitted individual traits, parochialism and altruism, each providing the conditions for the evolutionary success of the other, and both ...
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This chapter examines the coevolution of two genetically transmitted individual traits, parochialism and altruism, each providing the conditions for the evolutionary success of the other, and both jointly explaining why warfare was so frequent and lethal among early humans. It first considers the tendency of parochial altruists to engage in combat before discussing the results of simulations showing that parochialism and altruism evolve because within-group interactions for which cooperation is possible are characterized by positive assortment, and not because the parochial altruists deliberately associate with like types. It also evaluates experimental evidence that provides a test of the simulation results regarding the coevolution of parochial altruism and war. It suggests that hostility toward outsiders and a warlike disposition could have strengthened the group competition processes essential to the evolution of altruistic cooperation.Less
This chapter examines the coevolution of two genetically transmitted individual traits, parochialism and altruism, each providing the conditions for the evolutionary success of the other, and both jointly explaining why warfare was so frequent and lethal among early humans. It first considers the tendency of parochial altruists to engage in combat before discussing the results of simulations showing that parochialism and altruism evolve because within-group interactions for which cooperation is possible are characterized by positive assortment, and not because the parochial altruists deliberately associate with like types. It also evaluates experimental evidence that provides a test of the simulation results regarding the coevolution of parochial altruism and war. It suggests that hostility toward outsiders and a warlike disposition could have strengthened the group competition processes essential to the evolution of altruistic cooperation.
Philippe Contamine (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202141
- eISBN:
- 9780191675188
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202141.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
In the five hundred years covered by this volume there was scarcely a year which passed without either war or some open demonstration of hostility between the many sovereign powers which governed ...
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In the five hundred years covered by this volume there was scarcely a year which passed without either war or some open demonstration of hostility between the many sovereign powers which governed Europe. States and peoples lived under the shadow of war, were ceaselessly prompted to consider the possibility of war, and had to find ways of dealing with the consequences of war. This book focuses on the crucial role of war in the formation of state systems. It starts from the assumption that interstate rivalries and conflicts were at the heart not only of the demarcation of territories, but also of the ever-growing need to mobilize resources for warfare. Institutionalization was consequently highly dependent on such competition. It was for military reasons, and with military aims, that the state secured control of time and space, both at sea and on land.Less
In the five hundred years covered by this volume there was scarcely a year which passed without either war or some open demonstration of hostility between the many sovereign powers which governed Europe. States and peoples lived under the shadow of war, were ceaselessly prompted to consider the possibility of war, and had to find ways of dealing with the consequences of war. This book focuses on the crucial role of war in the formation of state systems. It starts from the assumption that interstate rivalries and conflicts were at the heart not only of the demarcation of territories, but also of the ever-growing need to mobilize resources for warfare. Institutionalization was consequently highly dependent on such competition. It was for military reasons, and with military aims, that the state secured control of time and space, both at sea and on land.
David Zimmerman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264812
- eISBN:
- 9780191754029
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264812.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter examines in detail the central role of Lord Beveridge in establishing the Academic Assistance Council, in a context of economic depression, social and political turmoil, and pervasive ...
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This chapter examines in detail the central role of Lord Beveridge in establishing the Academic Assistance Council, in a context of economic depression, social and political turmoil, and pervasive anti-Jewish hostility in Britain. Lord Beveridge's work with British academic refugee organizations was on a par with his leading role in the major expansion of the London School of Economics, the building of London University's Senate House in the 1920s, and perhaps even with his famous 1942 report on Social Insurance and Allied Services.Less
This chapter examines in detail the central role of Lord Beveridge in establishing the Academic Assistance Council, in a context of economic depression, social and political turmoil, and pervasive anti-Jewish hostility in Britain. Lord Beveridge's work with British academic refugee organizations was on a par with his leading role in the major expansion of the London School of Economics, the building of London University's Senate House in the 1920s, and perhaps even with his famous 1942 report on Social Insurance and Allied Services.
Michael O. Emerson and George Yancey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199742684
- eISBN:
- 9780199943388
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199742684.003.0015
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
It is a simple, but often overlooked fact: a solution to improving race relations in the United States has to be accepted by both majority- and minority-group members. Solutions that fail to achieve ...
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It is a simple, but often overlooked fact: a solution to improving race relations in the United States has to be accepted by both majority- and minority-group members. Solutions that fail to achieve a sufficient level of support from all groups simply cannot be successfully implemented or sustained. For this reason, we must assess multiracial social institutions that have addressed the interests of both majority- and minority-group members. This chapter first looks at the contact hypothesis to identify multiracial social institutions that allow us to learn how individuals of different races have confronted racial hostility and racial alienation. It then discusses research on these specific social institutions and what lessons can be gleaned from them. To be specific, these multiracial institutions hold promise for helping us construct a more holistic solution to racial inequality, division, and alienation. The chapter examines the promise of interracial contact, fears connected to interracial contact, and how productive interracial contact can be sustained.Less
It is a simple, but often overlooked fact: a solution to improving race relations in the United States has to be accepted by both majority- and minority-group members. Solutions that fail to achieve a sufficient level of support from all groups simply cannot be successfully implemented or sustained. For this reason, we must assess multiracial social institutions that have addressed the interests of both majority- and minority-group members. This chapter first looks at the contact hypothesis to identify multiracial social institutions that allow us to learn how individuals of different races have confronted racial hostility and racial alienation. It then discusses research on these specific social institutions and what lessons can be gleaned from them. To be specific, these multiracial institutions hold promise for helping us construct a more holistic solution to racial inequality, division, and alienation. The chapter examines the promise of interracial contact, fears connected to interracial contact, and how productive interracial contact can be sustained.
Hugh M. Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199251230
- eISBN:
- 9780191719134
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251230.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Since the Anglo-Norman period itself, the relations between the English and the Normans have formed a subject of lively debate. For most of that time, however, complacency about the inevitability of ...
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Since the Anglo-Norman period itself, the relations between the English and the Normans have formed a subject of lively debate. For most of that time, however, complacency about the inevitability of assimilation and of the Anglicisation of Normans after 1066 has ruled. This book first challenges that complacency, then goes on to explain why the two peoples merged and the Normans became English following years of ethnic hostility. Drawing on anthropological theory, the latest scholarship on Anglo-Norman England, and sources ranging from charters and legal documents to saints' lives and romances, it provides an exploration of ethnic relations on the levels of personal interaction, cultural assimilation, and the construction of identity, investigating the notion of ‘Englishness’ in the Middle Ages. As a result, the work provides a case study in pre-modern ethnic relations that combines both old and new approaches, and sheds new light on some of the most important developments in English history.Less
Since the Anglo-Norman period itself, the relations between the English and the Normans have formed a subject of lively debate. For most of that time, however, complacency about the inevitability of assimilation and of the Anglicisation of Normans after 1066 has ruled. This book first challenges that complacency, then goes on to explain why the two peoples merged and the Normans became English following years of ethnic hostility. Drawing on anthropological theory, the latest scholarship on Anglo-Norman England, and sources ranging from charters and legal documents to saints' lives and romances, it provides an exploration of ethnic relations on the levels of personal interaction, cultural assimilation, and the construction of identity, investigating the notion of ‘Englishness’ in the Middle Ages. As a result, the work provides a case study in pre-modern ethnic relations that combines both old and new approaches, and sheds new light on some of the most important developments in English history.
Richard Kearney and Kascha Semonovitch (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823234615
- eISBN:
- 9780823240722
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823234615.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
What is strange? Or better, who is strange? When do we encounter the strange? We encounter strangers when we are not at home — when we are in a foreign land or a foreign part of our own land. From ...
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What is strange? Or better, who is strange? When do we encounter the strange? We encounter strangers when we are not at home — when we are in a foreign land or a foreign part of our own land. From Freud to Lacan to Kristeva to Heidegger, the feeling of strangeness — das Unheimlichkeit — has marked our encounter with the other, even the other within our self. Most philosophical attempts to understand the role of the Stranger, human or transcendent, have been limited to standard epistemological problems of other minds, metaphysical substances, body/soul dualism and related issues of consciousness and cognition. This volume endeavors to take the question of hosting the Stranger to the deeper level of embodied imagination and the senses. It plays host to a number of encounters with the strange. It asks such questions as: How does the embodied imagination relate to the Stranger in terms of hospitality or hostility? How do we distinguish between projections of fear or fascination, leading to either violence or welcome? How do humans sense the dimension of the strange and alien in different religions, arts, and cultures? How do the five physical senses relate to the spiritual senses, especially the famous sixth sense, as portals to an encounter with the Other? Is there a carnal perception of alterity, which would operate at an affective, pre-reflective, preconscious level? What exactly do embodied imaginaries of hospitality and hostility entail, and how do they operate in language, psychology, and social interrelations? What are the topical implications of these questions for ethics and practice of tolerance and peace?Less
What is strange? Or better, who is strange? When do we encounter the strange? We encounter strangers when we are not at home — when we are in a foreign land or a foreign part of our own land. From Freud to Lacan to Kristeva to Heidegger, the feeling of strangeness — das Unheimlichkeit — has marked our encounter with the other, even the other within our self. Most philosophical attempts to understand the role of the Stranger, human or transcendent, have been limited to standard epistemological problems of other minds, metaphysical substances, body/soul dualism and related issues of consciousness and cognition. This volume endeavors to take the question of hosting the Stranger to the deeper level of embodied imagination and the senses. It plays host to a number of encounters with the strange. It asks such questions as: How does the embodied imagination relate to the Stranger in terms of hospitality or hostility? How do we distinguish between projections of fear or fascination, leading to either violence or welcome? How do humans sense the dimension of the strange and alien in different religions, arts, and cultures? How do the five physical senses relate to the spiritual senses, especially the famous sixth sense, as portals to an encounter with the Other? Is there a carnal perception of alterity, which would operate at an affective, pre-reflective, preconscious level? What exactly do embodied imaginaries of hospitality and hostility entail, and how do they operate in language, psychology, and social interrelations? What are the topical implications of these questions for ethics and practice of tolerance and peace?
Aryeh Neier
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691135151
- eISBN:
- 9781400841875
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691135151.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter explores how international humanitarian law and international human rights law initially developed independently, but have converged and are now deeply interwoven. Since ancient times, ...
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This chapter explores how international humanitarian law and international human rights law initially developed independently, but have converged and are now deeply interwoven. Since ancient times, some who take part in armed combat have recognized that placing certain limits on the way in which they conduct hostilities can be advantageous. It can be a sign of civilized behavior, enhancing their own prestige; it may be a way to encourage their opponents to behave in a similar manner; and it may contribute to the reestablishment of peaceful relations in which the rule of law prevails. Whether or not these limits confer advantages, they do most often have the effect of asserting a commitment to humane principles.Less
This chapter explores how international humanitarian law and international human rights law initially developed independently, but have converged and are now deeply interwoven. Since ancient times, some who take part in armed combat have recognized that placing certain limits on the way in which they conduct hostilities can be advantageous. It can be a sign of civilized behavior, enhancing their own prestige; it may be a way to encourage their opponents to behave in a similar manner; and it may contribute to the reestablishment of peaceful relations in which the rule of law prevails. Whether or not these limits confer advantages, they do most often have the effect of asserting a commitment to humane principles.
Emily Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199578962
- eISBN:
- 9780191722608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199578962.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
This chapter explores the policy reasons supporting the adoption of a unified regulatory approach to armed conflict, examining the potential benefits and reasons behind a harmonised approach to all ...
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This chapter explores the policy reasons supporting the adoption of a unified regulatory approach to armed conflict, examining the potential benefits and reasons behind a harmonised approach to all participants in all armed conflicts. The chapter theorises a possible model for harmonisation of the law, examining what categories of persons this law would regulate, and which participants would not be covered by a unified law, remaining subject to other domestic and international laws.Less
This chapter explores the policy reasons supporting the adoption of a unified regulatory approach to armed conflict, examining the potential benefits and reasons behind a harmonised approach to all participants in all armed conflicts. The chapter theorises a possible model for harmonisation of the law, examining what categories of persons this law would regulate, and which participants would not be covered by a unified law, remaining subject to other domestic and international laws.
Paul B. Duff
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195138351
- eISBN:
- 9780199834150
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019513835X.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
An examination of the seven letters to the churches shows that most of the subjects raised (and certainly the most pressing ones) are internal, intra‐Christian issues. There is little evidence of ...
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An examination of the seven letters to the churches shows that most of the subjects raised (and certainly the most pressing ones) are internal, intra‐Christian issues. There is little evidence of Roman hostility. The internal issues seem to be focused in three of the churches that have split into factions, the churches at Ephesus, Pergamum, and Thyatira. The issues that contributed to the creation of factions include wealth, poverty, ɛιδωλόθυτα (food sacrificed to idols)σ and πορνɛία (fornication).Less
An examination of the seven letters to the churches shows that most of the subjects raised (and certainly the most pressing ones) are internal, intra‐Christian issues. There is little evidence of Roman hostility. The internal issues seem to be focused in three of the churches that have split into factions, the churches at Ephesus, Pergamum, and Thyatira. The issues that contributed to the creation of factions include wealth, poverty, ɛιδωλόθυτα (food sacrificed to idols)σ and πορνɛία (fornication).
HUGH M. THOMAS
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199251230
- eISBN:
- 9780191719134
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251230.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Hostility dominated the relations between the Normans and the English during the Middle Ages. Peace between the two ethnic groups proved unattainable, and the animosity lingered well into the 12th ...
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Hostility dominated the relations between the Normans and the English during the Middle Ages. Peace between the two ethnic groups proved unattainable, and the animosity lingered well into the 12th century. Yet by the end of the 12th century, this hostile state of affairs was altered beyond recognition. Ethnic distinctions had broken down to the point that one could not know who was English and who was Norman. Although Norman French continued to be spoken, at least as a second language, until the 14th century, the aristocracy of England, descended in large measure from the conquerors, came to identify itself firmly as English. In fact, the two peoples merged quite quickly. Despite Norman victory and the concentration of power and wealth in the hands of the conquerors, Normanitas, the identity of the ruling dynasty and its chief warriors, eventually ceded to the Englishness of the conquered people. These are the processes with which this book is concerned.Less
Hostility dominated the relations between the Normans and the English during the Middle Ages. Peace between the two ethnic groups proved unattainable, and the animosity lingered well into the 12th century. Yet by the end of the 12th century, this hostile state of affairs was altered beyond recognition. Ethnic distinctions had broken down to the point that one could not know who was English and who was Norman. Although Norman French continued to be spoken, at least as a second language, until the 14th century, the aristocracy of England, descended in large measure from the conquerors, came to identify itself firmly as English. In fact, the two peoples merged quite quickly. Despite Norman victory and the concentration of power and wealth in the hands of the conquerors, Normanitas, the identity of the ruling dynasty and its chief warriors, eventually ceded to the Englishness of the conquered people. These are the processes with which this book is concerned.
HUGH M. THOMAS
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199251230
- eISBN:
- 9780191719134
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251230.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter provides a chronological overview of ethnic relations between the English and the Normans through to the end of the 12th century, by which time cultural assimilation seems to have been ...
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This chapter provides a chronological overview of ethnic relations between the English and the Normans through to the end of the 12th century, by which time cultural assimilation seems to have been complete. It emphasises the harshness and brutality of the Norman conquest and therefore of the dealings between the two peoples during the reign of William the Conqueror. The chapter explains and underscores the early hostility between English and Normans, which can too easily be minimised through the lens of hindsight, and shows just how surprising is the speed with which assimilation took place. The changing relations of the two peoples over succeeding reigns and generations are discussed, focusing on the timing of conciliation and assimilation between the English and Normans.Less
This chapter provides a chronological overview of ethnic relations between the English and the Normans through to the end of the 12th century, by which time cultural assimilation seems to have been complete. It emphasises the harshness and brutality of the Norman conquest and therefore of the dealings between the two peoples during the reign of William the Conqueror. The chapter explains and underscores the early hostility between English and Normans, which can too easily be minimised through the lens of hindsight, and shows just how surprising is the speed with which assimilation took place. The changing relations of the two peoples over succeeding reigns and generations are discussed, focusing on the timing of conciliation and assimilation between the English and Normans.
Louis H. Feldman
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199262120
- eISBN:
- 9780191718533
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199262120.003.0012
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter explores the thematic and possible literary relationships between Josephus’ narrative on Moses and Plutarch’s biography of the Spartan Lycurgus, two legendary lawgivers. Parallels in the ...
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This chapter explores the thematic and possible literary relationships between Josephus’ narrative on Moses and Plutarch’s biography of the Spartan Lycurgus, two legendary lawgivers. Parallels in the portraits of these two leaders include not only the expected emphases on such Spartan virtues as courage, wisdom, and moderation, but also their conspicuous agreement that, for example, alien customs present a serious threat to the internal harmony of their own ethnic traditions. It is remarkable that Josephus nowhere mentions Plutarch by name, since references to Greco-Roman authors are not uncommon in his corpus. The chapter suggests that it was perhaps Plutarch’s hostile attitude towards the Flavian emperors that prevented his overt mention in Josephus’ writing. It is concluded that there is insufficient evidence to determine whether Josephus knew Plutarch’s work or both writers used a common source. Both writers, however, displayed a marked concern with issues of moral exemplarity.Less
This chapter explores the thematic and possible literary relationships between Josephus’ narrative on Moses and Plutarch’s biography of the Spartan Lycurgus, two legendary lawgivers. Parallels in the portraits of these two leaders include not only the expected emphases on such Spartan virtues as courage, wisdom, and moderation, but also their conspicuous agreement that, for example, alien customs present a serious threat to the internal harmony of their own ethnic traditions. It is remarkable that Josephus nowhere mentions Plutarch by name, since references to Greco-Roman authors are not uncommon in his corpus. The chapter suggests that it was perhaps Plutarch’s hostile attitude towards the Flavian emperors that prevented his overt mention in Josephus’ writing. It is concluded that there is insufficient evidence to determine whether Josephus knew Plutarch’s work or both writers used a common source. Both writers, however, displayed a marked concern with issues of moral exemplarity.
Laura Evans
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199742745
- eISBN:
- 9780199895052
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199742745.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter considers tribal-local relations and illustrates the importance of expertise for tribes' victories in local politics. The chapter also exposes the interplay of race, land, and power in ...
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This chapter considers tribal-local relations and illustrates the importance of expertise for tribes' victories in local politics. The chapter also exposes the interplay of race, land, and power in tribes’ external relations. These findings illustrate important limitations: in certain contexts with pronounced racial hostility, other actors may wage high-cost fights than undermine—but do not entirely erase—expertise-based strategies. To evaluate expertise's effects in local politics, the chapter examines tribes with varying governments and with varying economies that improve capacities to house, sustain, and reproduce expertise. The chapter finds that tribes’ political strategies hinge on expert calculations: they are extremely selective about county relations and they pick the winning issues.Less
This chapter considers tribal-local relations and illustrates the importance of expertise for tribes' victories in local politics. The chapter also exposes the interplay of race, land, and power in tribes’ external relations. These findings illustrate important limitations: in certain contexts with pronounced racial hostility, other actors may wage high-cost fights than undermine—but do not entirely erase—expertise-based strategies. To evaluate expertise's effects in local politics, the chapter examines tribes with varying governments and with varying economies that improve capacities to house, sustain, and reproduce expertise. The chapter finds that tribes’ political strategies hinge on expert calculations: they are extremely selective about county relations and they pick the winning issues.
Christopher S. Parker and Matt A. Barreto
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691163611
- eISBN:
- 9781400852314
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691163611.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter considers the extent to which a positive orientation toward the Tea Party influences attitudes and opinions about the president beyond ideology, partisanship, general out-group ...
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This chapter considers the extent to which a positive orientation toward the Tea Party influences attitudes and opinions about the president beyond ideology, partisanship, general out-group hostility, and racism. It argues that Barack Obama's ascendance to the White House, and his subsequent presidency, triggered anxiety, fear, and anger among those who support the Tea Party because of what he represented: tangible evidence that “their” America is rapidly becoming unrecognizable. Even as Tea Party supporters railed against government spending, it seemed that their underlying frustration was with Barack Obama himself. This so called Obamaphobia appears to transcend simple policy disagreement, with many Tea Party supporters openly questioning the president's patriotism and his American citizenship on several occasions.Less
This chapter considers the extent to which a positive orientation toward the Tea Party influences attitudes and opinions about the president beyond ideology, partisanship, general out-group hostility, and racism. It argues that Barack Obama's ascendance to the White House, and his subsequent presidency, triggered anxiety, fear, and anger among those who support the Tea Party because of what he represented: tangible evidence that “their” America is rapidly becoming unrecognizable. Even as Tea Party supporters railed against government spending, it seemed that their underlying frustration was with Barack Obama himself. This so called Obamaphobia appears to transcend simple policy disagreement, with many Tea Party supporters openly questioning the president's patriotism and his American citizenship on several occasions.
Christopher S. Parker and Matt A. Barreto
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691163611
- eISBN:
- 9781400852314
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691163611.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This concluding chapter discusses how the Tea Party remains an important player in American politics and a subject of great national interest. Since relatively few people ever become an official ...
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This concluding chapter discusses how the Tea Party remains an important player in American politics and a subject of great national interest. Since relatively few people ever become an official member of a social movement, this study focuses on the attitudes and behavior of Tea Party sympathizers, instead of the members and organizers themselves. The chapter argues that out-group hostility and adherence to conservative principles are not the only ways of understanding why people are sympathetic to the aims of the Tea Party. The movement is also associated with social change perceived as subversion. Support for the Tea Party is really a proxy for reactionary conservatism, which provides a different motivation for various attitudes and behavior associated with current political and policy issues.Less
This concluding chapter discusses how the Tea Party remains an important player in American politics and a subject of great national interest. Since relatively few people ever become an official member of a social movement, this study focuses on the attitudes and behavior of Tea Party sympathizers, instead of the members and organizers themselves. The chapter argues that out-group hostility and adherence to conservative principles are not the only ways of understanding why people are sympathetic to the aims of the Tea Party. The movement is also associated with social change perceived as subversion. Support for the Tea Party is really a proxy for reactionary conservatism, which provides a different motivation for various attitudes and behavior associated with current political and policy issues.
Ralph Colp Jr. M.D.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032313
- eISBN:
- 9780813039237
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032313.003.0019
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Dr. Edward Kempf's explanations and diagnosis of Charles Darwin need more evidence and discussion. A succession of psychoanalytically-oriented psychiatrists then argued that Darwin felt hostility for ...
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Dr. Edward Kempf's explanations and diagnosis of Charles Darwin need more evidence and discussion. A succession of psychoanalytically-oriented psychiatrists then argued that Darwin felt hostility for his father. Douglas Hubble contended that Darwin needed to deny the occasion when his father rebuked him for being idle and predicted that he would become a “disgrace” to himself and his family. Dr. Rankine Good pictured a direct struggle of a son revolting from his father. In 1963, Phyllis Greenacre wrote that Darwin had an “unusual capacity for neurotic denial”, and that it was his need to deny his paternal aggression which contributed to his illness. Following the appearance of the views of Hubble, Good, and Greenacre, with their emphasis on Darwin's paternal hostility, several individuals questioned the validity of these views by putting them into a larger perspective. In 1990, John Bowlby, in his biography of Darwin, delineated two kinds of father–son interactions. Bowlby's view that Darwin sometimes doubted his father's good opinion of his work seems more plausible than the view that he had conscious and unconscious paternal hostility.Less
Dr. Edward Kempf's explanations and diagnosis of Charles Darwin need more evidence and discussion. A succession of psychoanalytically-oriented psychiatrists then argued that Darwin felt hostility for his father. Douglas Hubble contended that Darwin needed to deny the occasion when his father rebuked him for being idle and predicted that he would become a “disgrace” to himself and his family. Dr. Rankine Good pictured a direct struggle of a son revolting from his father. In 1963, Phyllis Greenacre wrote that Darwin had an “unusual capacity for neurotic denial”, and that it was his need to deny his paternal aggression which contributed to his illness. Following the appearance of the views of Hubble, Good, and Greenacre, with their emphasis on Darwin's paternal hostility, several individuals questioned the validity of these views by putting them into a larger perspective. In 1990, John Bowlby, in his biography of Darwin, delineated two kinds of father–son interactions. Bowlby's view that Darwin sometimes doubted his father's good opinion of his work seems more plausible than the view that he had conscious and unconscious paternal hostility.
Joseph Shatzmiller
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691156996
- eISBN:
- 9781400846092
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691156996.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter illustrates Jewish artists and craftsmen working together for the Church and its institutions. This is unexpected, because even current historiography is still centered on instances of ...
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This chapter illustrates Jewish artists and craftsmen working together for the Church and its institutions. This is unexpected, because even current historiography is still centered on instances of tension and dispute and has the story of hostility as its central preoccupation. To be sure, historians are not pointing readers in the wrong direction since much of the relations in the past were unfortunately marked by persecutions and massive bloodshed. But this study prepares the readers to encounter instances of tolerance, of humanity, and of collaboration that existed then, as surely as they exist now. Ample documentation points to Jewish silversmiths, bookbinders, painters, and coral craftsmen helping Christians decorate their devotional articles.Less
This chapter illustrates Jewish artists and craftsmen working together for the Church and its institutions. This is unexpected, because even current historiography is still centered on instances of tension and dispute and has the story of hostility as its central preoccupation. To be sure, historians are not pointing readers in the wrong direction since much of the relations in the past were unfortunately marked by persecutions and massive bloodshed. But this study prepares the readers to encounter instances of tolerance, of humanity, and of collaboration that existed then, as surely as they exist now. Ample documentation points to Jewish silversmiths, bookbinders, painters, and coral craftsmen helping Christians decorate their devotional articles.
Robert Rosenthal
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195385540
- eISBN:
- 9780199869824
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385540.003.0013
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
The experimenter attributes discussed in Chapter 4 were all readily assessable by inspection. This chapter discusses experimenter attributes which are also readily assessable, but not simply by ...
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The experimenter attributes discussed in Chapter 4 were all readily assessable by inspection. This chapter discusses experimenter attributes which are also readily assessable, but not simply by inspection. The anxiety or hostility of those experimenters functioning well enough to be experimenters at all must be assessed more indirectly, sometimes by simply asking the experimenter various questions, more often by the use of standard psychological instruments.Less
The experimenter attributes discussed in Chapter 4 were all readily assessable by inspection. This chapter discusses experimenter attributes which are also readily assessable, but not simply by inspection. The anxiety or hostility of those experimenters functioning well enough to be experimenters at all must be assessed more indirectly, sometimes by simply asking the experimenter various questions, more often by the use of standard psychological instruments.
