Charles A. Smith and Heather M. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199546732
- eISBN:
- 9780191720406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546732.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, International Relations and Politics
The United States, in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, sought to disengage actively from the International Criminal Court (ICC). In many ways, the new, post 9/11 realpolitik-based strategy can be ...
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The United States, in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, sought to disengage actively from the International Criminal Court (ICC). In many ways, the new, post 9/11 realpolitik-based strategy can be seen as the logical extension of US realist concerns. This chapter interprets this ‘extension’ in terms of the embedded realist concerns in the political structure of the US Senate. It argues that the domestic politics of US opposition requires analysis of the logical grounding of these concerns and the deeply ingrained political reality underlying US opposition to the ICC. A central aim of the chapter is to show how this embedding process constitutes a crucial explanatory dynamic of such opposition, and how the electoral logic of the US Senate has helped to further reinforce US opposition. In addition to examining this logic, the chapter also discusses the reasons the United States should support the ICC. It concludes that the false legal pretences underlying the electoral logic of the Senate provides a robust explanation for US opposition.Less
The United States, in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, sought to disengage actively from the International Criminal Court (ICC). In many ways, the new, post 9/11 realpolitik-based strategy can be seen as the logical extension of US realist concerns. This chapter interprets this ‘extension’ in terms of the embedded realist concerns in the political structure of the US Senate. It argues that the domestic politics of US opposition requires analysis of the logical grounding of these concerns and the deeply ingrained political reality underlying US opposition to the ICC. A central aim of the chapter is to show how this embedding process constitutes a crucial explanatory dynamic of such opposition, and how the electoral logic of the US Senate has helped to further reinforce US opposition. In addition to examining this logic, the chapter also discusses the reasons the United States should support the ICC. It concludes that the false legal pretences underlying the electoral logic of the Senate provides a robust explanation for US opposition.
Robin Briggs
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198225829
- eISBN:
- 9780191708947
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198225829.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter focuses on witchcraft beliefs. Topics covered include methods used to identify witches, strange creatures in witchcraft cases, cases of individuals terrified by a strange hostile ...
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This chapter focuses on witchcraft beliefs. Topics covered include methods used to identify witches, strange creatures in witchcraft cases, cases of individuals terrified by a strange hostile presence, seductions by the devil and in the sabbat, and dreams and fantasies.Less
This chapter focuses on witchcraft beliefs. Topics covered include methods used to identify witches, strange creatures in witchcraft cases, cases of individuals terrified by a strange hostile presence, seductions by the devil and in the sabbat, and dreams and fantasies.
Edward Jones-Imhotep
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262036511
- eISBN:
- 9780262341318
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262036511.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Russian and Former Soviet Union History
Natures and technologies have long been central to the making of modern nations. Only recently, however, have scholars seen nations as sites where the very understandings of the “natural” and the ...
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Natures and technologies have long been central to the making of modern nations. Only recently, however, have scholars seen nations as sites where the very understandings of the “natural” and the “technological” were articulated, contested, and remade in the interests of the nation. This book examines the role of technological failure in crafting both national identities and the distinctive natures that support them. Focusing on the mid-twentieth-century attempt to extend reliable radio communications to the Canadian North, it explores how a group of Canadian defense scientists sought to visualize, map, and catalog the connections between a distinctive natural order of ionospheric storms, auroral displays, and magnetic disturbances on one side, and the particularly severe communication failures that cut the North off from the rest of the nation on the other. Through that project and its related efforts, they gradually transformed machine failures in hostile environments, from the Arctic to outer space, into a defining characteristic of Canadian identity at a time of national redefinition. Tracking those efforts through continental defense strategies, engineering practices, clandestine maps, and material cultures, the book argues that the real and potential failures of machines came to define the nation, its Northern nature, its cultural anxieties, and its geo-political vulnerabilities during the Cold War. More broadly, it argues for technological failures as key sites for linking historical technologies and historical natures, and for writing the histories of “other” nations during the Cold War.Less
Natures and technologies have long been central to the making of modern nations. Only recently, however, have scholars seen nations as sites where the very understandings of the “natural” and the “technological” were articulated, contested, and remade in the interests of the nation. This book examines the role of technological failure in crafting both national identities and the distinctive natures that support them. Focusing on the mid-twentieth-century attempt to extend reliable radio communications to the Canadian North, it explores how a group of Canadian defense scientists sought to visualize, map, and catalog the connections between a distinctive natural order of ionospheric storms, auroral displays, and magnetic disturbances on one side, and the particularly severe communication failures that cut the North off from the rest of the nation on the other. Through that project and its related efforts, they gradually transformed machine failures in hostile environments, from the Arctic to outer space, into a defining characteristic of Canadian identity at a time of national redefinition. Tracking those efforts through continental defense strategies, engineering practices, clandestine maps, and material cultures, the book argues that the real and potential failures of machines came to define the nation, its Northern nature, its cultural anxieties, and its geo-political vulnerabilities during the Cold War. More broadly, it argues for technological failures as key sites for linking historical technologies and historical natures, and for writing the histories of “other” nations during the Cold War.
Raymond F. Gregory
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449543
- eISBN:
- 9780801460746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449543.003.0021
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR
This chapter reflects on issues arising from the practice of religion in the workplace and how to resolve them. Employers and employees will confront complex issues that typically occur in the ...
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This chapter reflects on issues arising from the practice of religion in the workplace and how to resolve them. Employers and employees will confront complex issues that typically occur in the struggle to protect the rights of those who wish to exercise their religious beliefs while also securing the rights of those who elect not to participate in workplace religious activities. Title VII and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) have been the primary avenues for resolving religious disputes in the workplace. This chapter considers whether Title VII and the EEOC offer the best ways of resolving religious disputes by focusing on the case of Home Depot, which failed to accommodate the Sabbath observance of one of its workers, Bradley Baker. It argues that dealing with religious matters in the workplace requires common sense, good business practices, and a continuing attitude of respect for all parties involved. It also contends that litigation is not the ideal way for an employer or an employee to cope with offensive or hostile work environment problems.Less
This chapter reflects on issues arising from the practice of religion in the workplace and how to resolve them. Employers and employees will confront complex issues that typically occur in the struggle to protect the rights of those who wish to exercise their religious beliefs while also securing the rights of those who elect not to participate in workplace religious activities. Title VII and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) have been the primary avenues for resolving religious disputes in the workplace. This chapter considers whether Title VII and the EEOC offer the best ways of resolving religious disputes by focusing on the case of Home Depot, which failed to accommodate the Sabbath observance of one of its workers, Bradley Baker. It argues that dealing with religious matters in the workplace requires common sense, good business practices, and a continuing attitude of respect for all parties involved. It also contends that litigation is not the ideal way for an employer or an employee to cope with offensive or hostile work environment problems.
Cynthia Hudley
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300110852
- eISBN:
- 9780300151756
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300110852.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Some children are prone to a particular kind of aggression when they are with their peers. For these children, any harm done to them—even something as inconsequential as a jostle in the lunch line—is ...
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Some children are prone to a particular kind of aggression when they are with their peers. For these children, any harm done to them—even something as inconsequential as a jostle in the lunch line—is perceived as intentional. Their style of social information processing, termed “hostile attributional bias,” increases the likelihood of retaliating with excessive and inappropriate physical aggression. In this book, parents and professionals who work with children will learn what can be done to better understand and control children's aggression. Beginning with a review of the literature, the author underscores the substantial risks of long-term problems for elementary-school-age children who demonstrate aggressive behavior. Then, drawing on her work as founder of a successful school intervention program, the BrainPower Program, the author describes methods for reducing children's peer-directed aggression. She concludes with a discussion of the importance of broad social contexts in supporting nonaggressive behavior.Less
Some children are prone to a particular kind of aggression when they are with their peers. For these children, any harm done to them—even something as inconsequential as a jostle in the lunch line—is perceived as intentional. Their style of social information processing, termed “hostile attributional bias,” increases the likelihood of retaliating with excessive and inappropriate physical aggression. In this book, parents and professionals who work with children will learn what can be done to better understand and control children's aggression. Beginning with a review of the literature, the author underscores the substantial risks of long-term problems for elementary-school-age children who demonstrate aggressive behavior. Then, drawing on her work as founder of a successful school intervention program, the BrainPower Program, the author describes methods for reducing children's peer-directed aggression. She concludes with a discussion of the importance of broad social contexts in supporting nonaggressive behavior.
Adam Benforado and Jon Hanson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199737512
- eISBN:
- 9780199918638
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737512.003.0019
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter explores the way in which dispositionism maintains its dominance as an attributional framework despite failing to capture accurately the causes of human behavior. The answer lies in a ...
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This chapter explores the way in which dispositionism maintains its dominance as an attributional framework despite failing to capture accurately the causes of human behavior. The answer lies in a subordinate dynamic and discourse, naïve cynicism: the basic subconscious mechanism by which dispositionists discredit and dismiss generally more accurate situationist insights and their proponents. Without the operation of naïve cynicism, dispositionism would be far more vulnerable to challenge and change. Naïve cynicism is, thus, critically important to explaining how and why certain legal policies manage to carry the day. As a case study, the chapter considers the naïve cynical backlash against situationist accounts of the causes of prisoner abuses at Abu Ghraib, Guantanamo Bay, and other detentions centers.Less
This chapter explores the way in which dispositionism maintains its dominance as an attributional framework despite failing to capture accurately the causes of human behavior. The answer lies in a subordinate dynamic and discourse, naïve cynicism: the basic subconscious mechanism by which dispositionists discredit and dismiss generally more accurate situationist insights and their proponents. Without the operation of naïve cynicism, dispositionism would be far more vulnerable to challenge and change. Naïve cynicism is, thus, critically important to explaining how and why certain legal policies manage to carry the day. As a case study, the chapter considers the naïve cynical backlash against situationist accounts of the causes of prisoner abuses at Abu Ghraib, Guantanamo Bay, and other detentions centers.
Mark J. Joe
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199205301
- eISBN:
- 9780191695612
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199205301.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability, Business History
This chapter discusses reductions of shareholders' power to control managers. When the gap separating managers from shareholders is small, some of the tools that can be employed to exert power may ...
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This chapter discusses reductions of shareholders' power to control managers. When the gap separating managers from shareholders is small, some of the tools that can be employed to exert power may not be worth the cost. Nations with lower agency costs do not need all of the tools. But as agency costs rise, as the gap between managers and shareholders widens, the demand for gap-closing tools rises. Social democracies make these gap-closing tools — shareholder value norms, transparent accounting, incentive compensation, hostile takeovers, and proxy contests — harder to employ.Less
This chapter discusses reductions of shareholders' power to control managers. When the gap separating managers from shareholders is small, some of the tools that can be employed to exert power may not be worth the cost. Nations with lower agency costs do not need all of the tools. But as agency costs rise, as the gap between managers and shareholders widens, the demand for gap-closing tools rises. Social democracies make these gap-closing tools — shareholder value norms, transparent accounting, incentive compensation, hostile takeovers, and proxy contests — harder to employ.
Ervin Staub
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195382044
- eISBN:
- 9780199864942
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195382044.003.0013
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter discusses constructive early responses to conflict to prevent violence. Structures, institutions, and systems are of great importance for the prevention of violence, both state ...
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This chapter discusses constructive early responses to conflict to prevent violence. Structures, institutions, and systems are of great importance for the prevention of violence, both state structures and local ones. It is local institutions or structures that make up civic society, which is essential for democracy. In working with conflict and hostile parties, persistent engagement between them in dialogue, negotiation, and mediation can change hostile attitudes and develop trust, which makes compromise and the resolution of practical issues possible. High-level international leaders can provide good offices in bringing leaders together at times of crises. External parties, such as outside nations, international leaders and NGOs can foster early engagement both between leaders and populations.Less
This chapter discusses constructive early responses to conflict to prevent violence. Structures, institutions, and systems are of great importance for the prevention of violence, both state structures and local ones. It is local institutions or structures that make up civic society, which is essential for democracy. In working with conflict and hostile parties, persistent engagement between them in dialogue, negotiation, and mediation can change hostile attitudes and develop trust, which makes compromise and the resolution of practical issues possible. High-level international leaders can provide good offices in bringing leaders together at times of crises. External parties, such as outside nations, international leaders and NGOs can foster early engagement both between leaders and populations.
Samuel Cohn
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781501755903
- eISBN:
- 9781501755927
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501755903.003.0037
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
This chapter analyzes the culture of hatred. The Canadian sociologist Matthew Lange has found that ethnic supremacist education is a fundamental source of division in some of the most ethnically ...
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This chapter analyzes the culture of hatred. The Canadian sociologist Matthew Lange has found that ethnic supremacist education is a fundamental source of division in some of the most ethnically divided countries in the world. Supremacist schools are a direct cause of the hostility between Jews and Palestinians in Israel, between Sinhalese and Tamils in Sri Lanka, between Greeks and Turks in Cyprus, between French Quebecois and English Canadians in Quebec, and between hostile ethnic groups in many other nations. The places Lange writes about are dissimilar, but the causes of xenophobic education generally are the same. These lead to enduring ethnic hostility that could last for generations. The chapter then focuses on ethnic supremacist education in Sri Lanka.Less
This chapter analyzes the culture of hatred. The Canadian sociologist Matthew Lange has found that ethnic supremacist education is a fundamental source of division in some of the most ethnically divided countries in the world. Supremacist schools are a direct cause of the hostility between Jews and Palestinians in Israel, between Sinhalese and Tamils in Sri Lanka, between Greeks and Turks in Cyprus, between French Quebecois and English Canadians in Quebec, and between hostile ethnic groups in many other nations. The places Lange writes about are dissimilar, but the causes of xenophobic education generally are the same. These lead to enduring ethnic hostility that could last for generations. The chapter then focuses on ethnic supremacist education in Sri Lanka.
Emma Griffin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263211
- eISBN:
- 9780191734427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263211.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter attempts to establish the extent of concern for animal suffering during eighteenth-century England. An intellectual history of this sport is provided. It looks at the rapid emergence of ...
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This chapter attempts to establish the extent of concern for animal suffering during eighteenth-century England. An intellectual history of this sport is provided. It looks at the rapid emergence of hostile criticism about bull-baiting in the late eighteenth-century. The chapter also attempts to situate the outpouring of concern within the wider context of concern about animal cruelty.Less
This chapter attempts to establish the extent of concern for animal suffering during eighteenth-century England. An intellectual history of this sport is provided. It looks at the rapid emergence of hostile criticism about bull-baiting in the late eighteenth-century. The chapter also attempts to situate the outpouring of concern within the wider context of concern about animal cruelty.
Daniel J. Hruschka
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520265462
- eISBN:
- 9780520947887
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520265462.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
The intentions, feelings, and thoughts behind those behaviors also matter in differentiating a hostile act from a gesture of friendship. Accordingly, this chapter examines friendship as an integrated ...
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The intentions, feelings, and thoughts behind those behaviors also matter in differentiating a hostile act from a gesture of friendship. Accordingly, this chapter examines friendship as an integrated social and psychological system defined not only by behaviors, but also by underlying feelings and motivations. The chapter is organized into three sections that focus on key aspects of the friendship system. It focuses on behavior and describes how two important activities among self-described close friends are not observed to the same extent among strangers and acquaintances. It describes why three standard explanations for friends' increased generosity do not fit empirical findings from observation and experiment. It also explores psychological constructs commonly used to describe feelings among friends. Finally, it brings the discussion full circle by examining how people display and communicate these internal psychological states through behavior.Less
The intentions, feelings, and thoughts behind those behaviors also matter in differentiating a hostile act from a gesture of friendship. Accordingly, this chapter examines friendship as an integrated social and psychological system defined not only by behaviors, but also by underlying feelings and motivations. The chapter is organized into three sections that focus on key aspects of the friendship system. It focuses on behavior and describes how two important activities among self-described close friends are not observed to the same extent among strangers and acquaintances. It describes why three standard explanations for friends' increased generosity do not fit empirical findings from observation and experiment. It also explores psychological constructs commonly used to describe feelings among friends. Finally, it brings the discussion full circle by examining how people display and communicate these internal psychological states through behavior.
DOUGLAS NEWTON
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203148
- eISBN:
- 9780191675744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203148.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, European Modern History
The chapter reveals that the German revolution was a most unwelcome international and domestic complication for the Lloyd George coalition at the end of the First World War. The government was ...
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The chapter reveals that the German revolution was a most unwelcome international and domestic complication for the Lloyd George coalition at the end of the First World War. The government was fiercely hostile both to the revolution and to the democratic Weimar Republic that followed in its wake. The British antipathy towards republican Germany in 1918–19 was politically driven, shaped by a long-standing abhorrence of German and international socialism. British animosity towards the new politics in Germany was maintained and exploited during the eight-month period of peacemaking chiefly for reasons of domestic political calculation. The British policy made it all the more difficult for the Germans to achieve the democratic outcome which an overwhelming majority of the people clearly wished.Less
The chapter reveals that the German revolution was a most unwelcome international and domestic complication for the Lloyd George coalition at the end of the First World War. The government was fiercely hostile both to the revolution and to the democratic Weimar Republic that followed in its wake. The British antipathy towards republican Germany in 1918–19 was politically driven, shaped by a long-standing abhorrence of German and international socialism. British animosity towards the new politics in Germany was maintained and exploited during the eight-month period of peacemaking chiefly for reasons of domestic political calculation. The British policy made it all the more difficult for the Germans to achieve the democratic outcome which an overwhelming majority of the people clearly wished.
Paul S. Fiddes
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198263470
- eISBN:
- 9780191682568
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198263470.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter examines the argument from the nature of creaturely existence, one of the two main routes which theologians have taken to arrive at the idea of a hostile non-being which people and God ...
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This chapter examines the argument from the nature of creaturely existence, one of the two main routes which theologians have taken to arrive at the idea of a hostile non-being which people and God confront. The first section deals with the conception of hostile non-being and creaturely existence. The last two sections explore the Alienation of the Creator both by moral evil and natural evil. It argues that both these concepts offer an experience of something strange to God, and cannot be understood as logical consequences of creation. The objectivity of hostile non-being lies in the strangeness of the situation to God, disrupting the harmony of life that he shares with the world.Less
This chapter examines the argument from the nature of creaturely existence, one of the two main routes which theologians have taken to arrive at the idea of a hostile non-being which people and God confront. The first section deals with the conception of hostile non-being and creaturely existence. The last two sections explore the Alienation of the Creator both by moral evil and natural evil. It argues that both these concepts offer an experience of something strange to God, and cannot be understood as logical consequences of creation. The objectivity of hostile non-being lies in the strangeness of the situation to God, disrupting the harmony of life that he shares with the world.
Barbara Witucki
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199603848
- eISBN:
- 9780191731587
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603848.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
The classically educated poet and soldier Chevalier de Boufflers spent 1785–7 as the French governor of Senegal—a sojourn he called ‘exile’—possibly as punishment for verses affronting the French ...
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The classically educated poet and soldier Chevalier de Boufflers spent 1785–7 as the French governor of Senegal—a sojourn he called ‘exile’—possibly as punishment for verses affronting the French court, thereby recalling Ovid’s famously offensive ‘carmen’ (Tristia 2.207). Boufflers recorded his unhappy experiences in Senegal in a series of letters written to his beloved, Éléonore de Sabran.Boufflers’s letters echo the Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto of Ovid, extensively employing Ovidian epistolary exilic motifs such as the stormy journey, hostile exilic environment and natives, ‘exile as death’, celestial vengeance, and self-mythologization (in particular, utilizing the exilic models of Odysseus and Aeneas that Ovid had used before him). This chapter considers Ovid as a model for Boufflers, and other elements in his reaction to his personal misfortune.Less
The classically educated poet and soldier Chevalier de Boufflers spent 1785–7 as the French governor of Senegal—a sojourn he called ‘exile’—possibly as punishment for verses affronting the French court, thereby recalling Ovid’s famously offensive ‘carmen’ (Tristia 2.207). Boufflers recorded his unhappy experiences in Senegal in a series of letters written to his beloved, Éléonore de Sabran.Boufflers’s letters echo the Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto of Ovid, extensively employing Ovidian epistolary exilic motifs such as the stormy journey, hostile exilic environment and natives, ‘exile as death’, celestial vengeance, and self-mythologization (in particular, utilizing the exilic models of Odysseus and Aeneas that Ovid had used before him). This chapter considers Ovid as a model for Boufflers, and other elements in his reaction to his personal misfortune.
Kenneth McK Norrie
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781845861193
- eISBN:
- 9781474406246
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781845861193.003.0041
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
Discusses a case in which, after years of defying court orders to allow her ex-partner contact with his child, the court eventually lost patience and jailed the mother for contempt of court. Also ...
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Discusses a case in which, after years of defying court orders to allow her ex-partner contact with his child, the court eventually lost patience and jailed the mother for contempt of court. Also discusses (and criticises) the new rules in the Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009 and suggests that the legislature would have been better to adopt the suggestion of the Scottish Law Commission and decriminalise sexual activity between young people when they were both under age. Finally, this commentary suggests (in 2009) that, given international developments, the Scottish Parliament will sooner or later have to address the question of opening marriage to same-sex couples.Less
Discusses a case in which, after years of defying court orders to allow her ex-partner contact with his child, the court eventually lost patience and jailed the mother for contempt of court. Also discusses (and criticises) the new rules in the Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009 and suggests that the legislature would have been better to adopt the suggestion of the Scottish Law Commission and decriminalise sexual activity between young people when they were both under age. Finally, this commentary suggests (in 2009) that, given international developments, the Scottish Parliament will sooner or later have to address the question of opening marriage to same-sex couples.
Brendan McSweeney
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199601462
- eISBN:
- 9780191743320
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199601462.003.0011
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Finance, Accounting, and Banking, Strategy
This chapter considers the main tactics employed during attempted takeovers (both negotiated and hostile) to enable or frustrate completion of a takeover. As takeover tactics do not have inherent ...
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This chapter considers the main tactics employed during attempted takeovers (both negotiated and hostile) to enable or frustrate completion of a takeover. As takeover tactics do not have inherent power—both their choice and effects are influenced by larger dynamics—the tactics are discussed in relation to a number of key contexts, including varieties of corporate governance and takeover strategies which shape, albeit they do not determine, their choice and efficacy.Less
This chapter considers the main tactics employed during attempted takeovers (both negotiated and hostile) to enable or frustrate completion of a takeover. As takeover tactics do not have inherent power—both their choice and effects are influenced by larger dynamics—the tactics are discussed in relation to a number of key contexts, including varieties of corporate governance and takeover strategies which shape, albeit they do not determine, their choice and efficacy.
Craig A. Anderson, Douglas A. Gentile, and Katherine E. Buckley
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195309836
- eISBN:
- 9780199893393
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309836.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter presents Study 2, which examined the correlations between measures of video game violence exposure and aggressive behaviors among high school students, and included several important ...
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This chapter presents Study 2, which examined the correlations between measures of video game violence exposure and aggressive behaviors among high school students, and included several important control variables. As expected, adolescents who play a greater amount of violent video games hold more pro-violent attitudes, have more hostile personalities, are less forgiving, believe violence to be more typical, and behave more aggressively in their everyday lives. Even after statistically controlling for sex, total screen time, aggressive beliefs, and attitudes, playing violent video games was still a significant predictor of heightened physically aggressive behavior and violent behavior. These effects occurred for both boys and girls. Furthermore, the more time high-school students spend playing video games, the poorer their school performance.Less
This chapter presents Study 2, which examined the correlations between measures of video game violence exposure and aggressive behaviors among high school students, and included several important control variables. As expected, adolescents who play a greater amount of violent video games hold more pro-violent attitudes, have more hostile personalities, are less forgiving, believe violence to be more typical, and behave more aggressively in their everyday lives. Even after statistically controlling for sex, total screen time, aggressive beliefs, and attitudes, playing violent video games was still a significant predictor of heightened physically aggressive behavior and violent behavior. These effects occurred for both boys and girls. Furthermore, the more time high-school students spend playing video games, the poorer their school performance.
Méadhbh McIvor
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780691193632
- eISBN:
- 9780691211619
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691193632.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sociology of Religion
This chapter explores the 'hostile world' thesis, which posits Christians as the increasingly countercultural inhabitants of a de-Christianising, 'hostile' state. For the members of Christ Church, ...
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This chapter explores the 'hostile world' thesis, which posits Christians as the increasingly countercultural inhabitants of a de-Christianising, 'hostile' state. For the members of Christ Church, the hostility they (expect to) face is thought to be inevitable. For the staff of Christian Concern, by contrast, ungodly legislation is met with what can be called an urgent theology of activism, in which Christians must 'stand for Truth' regardless of either personal cost or practical outcome. This approach helps rationalise the pursuit of the (sometimes unwinnable) legal cases that have propelled the organisation to fame. In focusing on particular policy areas, however, this urgent theology also risks circumscribing and relativising Christianity, suggesting that — as a minority interest requiring protection under rights-based law — it is merely one identitarian option among others.Less
This chapter explores the 'hostile world' thesis, which posits Christians as the increasingly countercultural inhabitants of a de-Christianising, 'hostile' state. For the members of Christ Church, the hostility they (expect to) face is thought to be inevitable. For the staff of Christian Concern, by contrast, ungodly legislation is met with what can be called an urgent theology of activism, in which Christians must 'stand for Truth' regardless of either personal cost or practical outcome. This approach helps rationalise the pursuit of the (sometimes unwinnable) legal cases that have propelled the organisation to fame. In focusing on particular policy areas, however, this urgent theology also risks circumscribing and relativising Christianity, suggesting that — as a minority interest requiring protection under rights-based law — it is merely one identitarian option among others.
Helen Callaghan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198815020
- eISBN:
- 9780191853517
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198815020.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability, Political Economy
When two parties quarrel, the third rejoices, according to a well-known proverb. This book highlights the role of rejoicing “profiteers” in political efforts to expand market-based competition. ...
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When two parties quarrel, the third rejoices, according to a well-known proverb. This book highlights the role of rejoicing “profiteers” in political efforts to expand market-based competition. Marketization appears puzzling if it is conceptualized as a political struggle between the established incumbents and their challengers, or between producers and consumers. Challengers and consumers often lack the resources to overcome barriers to market entry, and collective action problems afflict both groups. Why, then, do incumbents fail to protect their turf? The present book resolves this puzzle by casting light in a new direction, toward those who profit from a contest while remaining above the fray. The rejoicing band of profiteers grows alongside the arena of competition. Once the suppliers of market support services have established themselves on the sidelines of a contest, they accumulate resources that help them expand that arena further. Political struggles surrounding the gradual marketization of corporate control in Britain, Germany, and France from the 1860s onward provide empirical illustration. The book maps and analyzes the path-dependent evolution of support for shareholder rights relating to takeover bids among key interest groups, including managers, creditors, shareholders, and takeover service providers, as well as among political parties. By comparing the self-reinforcing and self-undermining policy feedback of market-enabling and market-restraining rules, it helps explain why market containment is an uphill struggle, while market expansion becomes easier with time.Less
When two parties quarrel, the third rejoices, according to a well-known proverb. This book highlights the role of rejoicing “profiteers” in political efforts to expand market-based competition. Marketization appears puzzling if it is conceptualized as a political struggle between the established incumbents and their challengers, or between producers and consumers. Challengers and consumers often lack the resources to overcome barriers to market entry, and collective action problems afflict both groups. Why, then, do incumbents fail to protect their turf? The present book resolves this puzzle by casting light in a new direction, toward those who profit from a contest while remaining above the fray. The rejoicing band of profiteers grows alongside the arena of competition. Once the suppliers of market support services have established themselves on the sidelines of a contest, they accumulate resources that help them expand that arena further. Political struggles surrounding the gradual marketization of corporate control in Britain, Germany, and France from the 1860s onward provide empirical illustration. The book maps and analyzes the path-dependent evolution of support for shareholder rights relating to takeover bids among key interest groups, including managers, creditors, shareholders, and takeover service providers, as well as among political parties. By comparing the self-reinforcing and self-undermining policy feedback of market-enabling and market-restraining rules, it helps explain why market containment is an uphill struggle, while market expansion becomes easier with time.
Gary Alan Fine
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226560182
- eISBN:
- 9780226560359
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226560359.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
Chapter Six examines how MFA art students prepare for a post-university career. Inevitably the external world shapes art education. While encouraged to face inward, students must prepare to face ...
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Chapter Six examines how MFA art students prepare for a post-university career. Inevitably the external world shapes art education. While encouraged to face inward, students must prepare to face outward as well. The art school is a field that touches on other institutions: schools and markets are not isolated, but overlap. Students regularly discussed the larger art world and speculated on their lives after graduation. While students are protected from that world in school it is a topic of rapt fascination, made more challenging from the assumption that the school and the market constitute hostile worlds. The imagined transition is stressful, not only from practical considerations, but from ideological ones. Whatever path they choose, students rely upon the development of a network, a network that begins in school, aided by faculty, and then expands. These links provide support in establishing social capital. Despite the ambiguity of career success and the lack of training in creating long-term opportunities, students recognize that they must find entry points to the wider art world.Less
Chapter Six examines how MFA art students prepare for a post-university career. Inevitably the external world shapes art education. While encouraged to face inward, students must prepare to face outward as well. The art school is a field that touches on other institutions: schools and markets are not isolated, but overlap. Students regularly discussed the larger art world and speculated on their lives after graduation. While students are protected from that world in school it is a topic of rapt fascination, made more challenging from the assumption that the school and the market constitute hostile worlds. The imagined transition is stressful, not only from practical considerations, but from ideological ones. Whatever path they choose, students rely upon the development of a network, a network that begins in school, aided by faculty, and then expands. These links provide support in establishing social capital. Despite the ambiguity of career success and the lack of training in creating long-term opportunities, students recognize that they must find entry points to the wider art world.
