Brock Holden
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199548576
- eISBN:
- 9780191720680
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548576.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
In the Middle Ages, the March between England and Wales was a contested, militarised frontier zone, a ‘land of war’. With English kings distracted by affairs in France, English frontier lords were ...
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In the Middle Ages, the March between England and Wales was a contested, militarised frontier zone, a ‘land of war’. With English kings distracted by affairs in France, English frontier lords were left on their own to organize and run lordships in the manner that was best suited to this often violent borderland. The centrepiece of the frontier society that developed was the feudal honour and its court, and in the March it survived as a functioning entity much longer than in England. However, in the 12th century, as the growing power of the English crown threatened Marcher honours, their lords asserted their independence from the king's courts, and the March became a land where ‘the king's writ did not run’. At the same time, the increased military capability of their Welsh adversaries put the Marcher lordships under enormous military and financial strain. This book describes how this unusual frontier society developed in reaction to both the challenge of the native Welsh and the power of the English kings. It examines how the ‘feudal matrix’ of Marcher power developed over the course of the 11th to 13th centuries.Less
In the Middle Ages, the March between England and Wales was a contested, militarised frontier zone, a ‘land of war’. With English kings distracted by affairs in France, English frontier lords were left on their own to organize and run lordships in the manner that was best suited to this often violent borderland. The centrepiece of the frontier society that developed was the feudal honour and its court, and in the March it survived as a functioning entity much longer than in England. However, in the 12th century, as the growing power of the English crown threatened Marcher honours, their lords asserted their independence from the king's courts, and the March became a land where ‘the king's writ did not run’. At the same time, the increased military capability of their Welsh adversaries put the Marcher lordships under enormous military and financial strain. This book describes how this unusual frontier society developed in reaction to both the challenge of the native Welsh and the power of the English kings. It examines how the ‘feudal matrix’ of Marcher power developed over the course of the 11th to 13th centuries.
Larry R Squire (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195380101
- eISBN:
- 9780199864362
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380101.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, History of Neuroscience
This book contains a collection of autobiographical chapters by notable senior scientists who discuss the major events that shaped their discoveries and their influences, as well as the people who ...
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This book contains a collection of autobiographical chapters by notable senior scientists who discuss the major events that shaped their discoveries and their influences, as well as the people who inspired them and helped shape their careers as neuroscientists. Each entry also includes a complete CV so that the book tells the story of their rise through the ranks as they achieved some of the highest honors in neuroscience.Less
This book contains a collection of autobiographical chapters by notable senior scientists who discuss the major events that shaped their discoveries and their influences, as well as the people who inspired them and helped shape their careers as neuroscientists. Each entry also includes a complete CV so that the book tells the story of their rise through the ranks as they achieved some of the highest honors in neuroscience.
Alison Sinclair
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198151906
- eISBN:
- 9780191672880
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198151906.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
In Western literature, love and death appear regularly in conjunction with one another: death posited as the extreme, or perhaps the only possible expression, of true love; love, the only human ...
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In Western literature, love and death appear regularly in conjunction with one another: death posited as the extreme, or perhaps the only possible expression, of true love; love, the only human experience one has that appears sufficient to stand in counterpoise to our inevitable and ever approaching mortality. This book argues that the representation of cuckoldry in literature provides an artistic containment for anxieties about physical waning, which will lead inexorably towards death. Here, comedy sweetens the pill, as does distance, relieving the reader of the pain of identification with a male character whose fate he would presumably rather not share. Honour literature moves to a different point on the scale, dealing with human emotional vulnerability by defence, by the splitting-off and projecting-out of unwanted weakness, including the susceptibility to love and passion.Less
In Western literature, love and death appear regularly in conjunction with one another: death posited as the extreme, or perhaps the only possible expression, of true love; love, the only human experience one has that appears sufficient to stand in counterpoise to our inevitable and ever approaching mortality. This book argues that the representation of cuckoldry in literature provides an artistic containment for anxieties about physical waning, which will lead inexorably towards death. Here, comedy sweetens the pill, as does distance, relieving the reader of the pain of identification with a male character whose fate he would presumably rather not share. Honour literature moves to a different point on the scale, dealing with human emotional vulnerability by defence, by the splitting-off and projecting-out of unwanted weakness, including the susceptibility to love and passion.
Lawrence McNamara
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199231454
- eISBN:
- 9780191710858
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231454.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Law of Obligations
The first study of what reputation is, how it functions, and how it is and should be protected under the law, Reputation and Defamation addresses the inconsistencies and failures of the common law ...
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The first study of what reputation is, how it functions, and how it is and should be protected under the law, Reputation and Defamation addresses the inconsistencies and failures of the common law that have been observed for over a century. It develops a theory of reputation and uses it to analyse, evaluate and propose a revision of the law. Using the concept of reputation as the vehicle for a study of the history and theory of libel, slander and honour it becomes apparent that, contrary to the legal orthodoxy, defamation law did not aim and function to protect reputation until the early 19th century. Consequently, the historically derived tests for what is defamatory do not always protect reputation adequately or appropriately. The ‘shun and avoid’ and ‘ridicule’ tests should be discarded. The principal ‘lowering the estimation’ test is more appropriate but needs re-working. Christian tradition and Victorian moralism are embedded in the idea of ‘the right-thinking person’ that provides the test's conceptual foundations, but these are problematic in an era of moral diversity. Instead, ‘the right-thinking person’ should be associated with an inclusive liberal premise of equal moral worth and a shared commitment to moral diversity; any departure from this must be justified on sound, expressly stated ethical grounds. That demand serves to protect reputation appropriately and effectively in an age of moral diversity.Less
The first study of what reputation is, how it functions, and how it is and should be protected under the law, Reputation and Defamation addresses the inconsistencies and failures of the common law that have been observed for over a century. It develops a theory of reputation and uses it to analyse, evaluate and propose a revision of the law. Using the concept of reputation as the vehicle for a study of the history and theory of libel, slander and honour it becomes apparent that, contrary to the legal orthodoxy, defamation law did not aim and function to protect reputation until the early 19th century. Consequently, the historically derived tests for what is defamatory do not always protect reputation adequately or appropriately. The ‘shun and avoid’ and ‘ridicule’ tests should be discarded. The principal ‘lowering the estimation’ test is more appropriate but needs re-working. Christian tradition and Victorian moralism are embedded in the idea of ‘the right-thinking person’ that provides the test's conceptual foundations, but these are problematic in an era of moral diversity. Instead, ‘the right-thinking person’ should be associated with an inclusive liberal premise of equal moral worth and a shared commitment to moral diversity; any departure from this must be justified on sound, expressly stated ethical grounds. That demand serves to protect reputation appropriately and effectively in an age of moral diversity.
Laura Gowing
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207634
- eISBN:
- 9780191677755
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207634.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This book examines for the first time women's experiences and gender relations in the diverse and mobile society of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century London. It focuses on disputes over sex, ...
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This book examines for the first time women's experiences and gender relations in the diverse and mobile society of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century London. It focuses on disputes over sex, marriage, and insults, with a detailed analysis based on legal records that have not been used before. It presents a powerful and vivid picture of the working of gender relations, honour, and morals in the practice of daily life.Less
This book examines for the first time women's experiences and gender relations in the diverse and mobile society of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century London. It focuses on disputes over sex, marriage, and insults, with a detailed analysis based on legal records that have not been used before. It presents a powerful and vivid picture of the working of gender relations, honour, and morals in the practice of daily life.
Holger Hoock (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264065
- eISBN:
- 9780191734496
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264065.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This volume explores the commemoration of the Battle of Trafalgar and Admiral Lord Nelson's death over the past two centuries. It includes the celebrations of 2005, which saw hundreds of official, ...
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This volume explores the commemoration of the Battle of Trafalgar and Admiral Lord Nelson's death over the past two centuries. It includes the celebrations of 2005, which saw hundreds of official, commercial, and popular events celebrating and commemorating the bicentenary of Trafalgar and the death of Nelson. Leading historians of Britain and France reflect critically on complex notions of remembrance, celebration, honouring, and commemoration. Taking historical snapshots of the commemoration of Nelson at his death, a century later in 1905, and in contemporary Britain, the contributors ask: who drives the commemoration of historical anniversaries and to what ends? Which Nelson, or Nelsons, have had a role in national memory over the past two centuries? And who identifies with Nelson today? Focusing on Britain, but looking also at imperial and French contexts, the papers consider how memoirs, history writing, visual and modern media and museums, and official and unofficial interests, contribute to keeping and shaping memory. As the changing manner of memorializing key moments in national history allows historians to study cultural meanings and interpretations of national identity, the contributors to this volume exhort the wider profession to engage critically with ‘public history’. This work is about the history of memory and commemoration and will be of interest those with general interests in naval, maritime, cultural and public history.Less
This volume explores the commemoration of the Battle of Trafalgar and Admiral Lord Nelson's death over the past two centuries. It includes the celebrations of 2005, which saw hundreds of official, commercial, and popular events celebrating and commemorating the bicentenary of Trafalgar and the death of Nelson. Leading historians of Britain and France reflect critically on complex notions of remembrance, celebration, honouring, and commemoration. Taking historical snapshots of the commemoration of Nelson at his death, a century later in 1905, and in contemporary Britain, the contributors ask: who drives the commemoration of historical anniversaries and to what ends? Which Nelson, or Nelsons, have had a role in national memory over the past two centuries? And who identifies with Nelson today? Focusing on Britain, but looking also at imperial and French contexts, the papers consider how memoirs, history writing, visual and modern media and museums, and official and unofficial interests, contribute to keeping and shaping memory. As the changing manner of memorializing key moments in national history allows historians to study cultural meanings and interpretations of national identity, the contributors to this volume exhort the wider profession to engage critically with ‘public history’. This work is about the history of memory and commemoration and will be of interest those with general interests in naval, maritime, cultural and public history.
Stephanie Y. Mitchem
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195167979
- eISBN:
- 9780199784981
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019516797X.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter explores the ideas of honoring ancestors and self in the classroom, along the borders. To begin this exploration, it focuses on some aspects of the borders of black lives in the United ...
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This chapter explores the ideas of honoring ancestors and self in the classroom, along the borders. To begin this exploration, it focuses on some aspects of the borders of black lives in the United States. The borders of education is the focus in the next section of the book. The idea of honoring ancestors is related to the course, “Womanist Spiritual Autobiography”; and honoring self is discussed in relation to the course “Womanist Theology and Literature”.Less
This chapter explores the ideas of honoring ancestors and self in the classroom, along the borders. To begin this exploration, it focuses on some aspects of the borders of black lives in the United States. The borders of education is the focus in the next section of the book. The idea of honoring ancestors is related to the course, “Womanist Spiritual Autobiography”; and honoring self is discussed in relation to the course “Womanist Theology and Literature”.
Federico Varese
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297369
- eISBN:
- 9780191600272
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829736X.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Russian Politics
If mafia groups are present in a market, they must be organized in some form. Two questions have generated a heated and long-running debate among scholars of the mafias: first, are criminal groups ...
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If mafia groups are present in a market, they must be organized in some form. Two questions have generated a heated and long-running debate among scholars of the mafias: first, are criminal groups organized in a hierarchical and military fashion or, on the contrary, are they loose networks of individuals, getting together to perform a specific task; second, are these groups territorially or functionally organized? Chapter 6 addresses these two questions with reference to the city of Perm, which is in the Gulag Archipelago in the Ural region of Russia. It pieces together some elements in the history of Perm’s criminality at the time of the transition from the Soviet economic and political system to the market economy, discussing the legacy of the Gulag (in the shape of the criminal fraternity of the vory-v-zakone – thieves-with-a-code-of-honour – that flourished in the Soviet labour camps between the 1920s and the 1950s, and re-emerged in the 1970s) in relation to the contemporary criminal situation, the post-Soviet criminal groups that emerged in the city, and inter-group relations and conflicts. Lastly, it analyses the organizational arrangements (structure, size, and internal division of labour) of the mafia groups in Perm, and compares them with other gangs and mafias (principally the Sicilian Mafia or Cosa Nostra).Less
If mafia groups are present in a market, they must be organized in some form. Two questions have generated a heated and long-running debate among scholars of the mafias: first, are criminal groups organized in a hierarchical and military fashion or, on the contrary, are they loose networks of individuals, getting together to perform a specific task; second, are these groups territorially or functionally organized? Chapter 6 addresses these two questions with reference to the city of Perm, which is in the Gulag Archipelago in the Ural region of Russia. It pieces together some elements in the history of Perm’s criminality at the time of the transition from the Soviet economic and political system to the market economy, discussing the legacy of the Gulag (in the shape of the criminal fraternity of the vory-v-zakone – thieves-with-a-code-of-honour – that flourished in the Soviet labour camps between the 1920s and the 1950s, and re-emerged in the 1970s) in relation to the contemporary criminal situation, the post-Soviet criminal groups that emerged in the city, and inter-group relations and conflicts. Lastly, it analyses the organizational arrangements (structure, size, and internal division of labour) of the mafia groups in Perm, and compares them with other gangs and mafias (principally the Sicilian Mafia or Cosa Nostra).
Federico Varese
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297369
- eISBN:
- 9780191600272
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829736X.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Russian Politics
The first section of the chapter describes the main features of the original society of the vory-v-zakone – thieves-with-a-code-of-honour – the criminal fraternity that flourished in the Soviet ...
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The first section of the chapter describes the main features of the original society of the vory-v-zakone – thieves-with-a-code-of-honour – the criminal fraternity that flourished in the Soviet labour camps between the 1920s and the 1950s, and re-emerged in the 1970s. The account given is based on archival data that have not been presented before, and describes the rituals and practices involved, the vory code of behaviour, vory activities outside prison, and punishment in vory courts. The second section addresses the question of the origins of the vory-v-zakone society, namely, whether it was a Soviet or pre-Revolutionary phenomenon. It is concluded that the fraternity most likely evolved from pre-Revolutionary criminal nineteenth-century arteli (guilds) of ordinary thieves.Less
The first section of the chapter describes the main features of the original society of the vory-v-zakone – thieves-with-a-code-of-honour – the criminal fraternity that flourished in the Soviet labour camps between the 1920s and the 1950s, and re-emerged in the 1970s. The account given is based on archival data that have not been presented before, and describes the rituals and practices involved, the vory code of behaviour, vory activities outside prison, and punishment in vory courts. The second section addresses the question of the origins of the vory-v-zakone society, namely, whether it was a Soviet or pre-Revolutionary phenomenon. It is concluded that the fraternity most likely evolved from pre-Revolutionary criminal nineteenth-century arteli (guilds) of ordinary thieves.
Federico Varese
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297369
- eISBN:
- 9780191600272
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829736X.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Russian Politics
An assessment is made of the role of the vory-v-zakone (thieves-with-a-code-of-honour – the criminal fraternity that flourished in the Soviet labour camps between the 1920s and the 1950s, and ...
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An assessment is made of the role of the vory-v-zakone (thieves-with-a-code-of-honour – the criminal fraternity that flourished in the Soviet labour camps between the 1920s and the 1950s, and re-emerged in the 1970s) in the post-Soviet criminal world. The features of the new society are described (the existence of territorial groups of vory, and their organizational structure, activities, inter-group relations, and role) and the Russian Mafia is identified as groups that share vory rituals and norms of interaction and are federated with one another. The future of the Russian Mafia is then briefly evaluated amidst the emergence of two powerful competitor groups who do not share the rituals and traditions of the vory: the Chechen Mafia and the Cossacks. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the connections between politics, the church, terrorism, and the modern criminal fraternity.Less
An assessment is made of the role of the vory-v-zakone (thieves-with-a-code-of-honour – the criminal fraternity that flourished in the Soviet labour camps between the 1920s and the 1950s, and re-emerged in the 1970s) in the post-Soviet criminal world. The features of the new society are described (the existence of territorial groups of vory, and their organizational structure, activities, inter-group relations, and role) and the Russian Mafia is identified as groups that share vory rituals and norms of interaction and are federated with one another. The future of the Russian Mafia is then briefly evaluated amidst the emergence of two powerful competitor groups who do not share the rituals and traditions of the vory: the Chechen Mafia and the Cossacks. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the connections between politics, the church, terrorism, and the modern criminal fraternity.
Ute Frevert
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197266663
- eISBN:
- 9780191905384
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266663.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
In private and public affairs the concepts of honour and shame were crucial from the outbreak and throughout the entire duration of the First World War. The roots of these concepts can be traced back ...
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In private and public affairs the concepts of honour and shame were crucial from the outbreak and throughout the entire duration of the First World War. The roots of these concepts can be traced back to a highly gendered 19th-century aristocratic-bourgeois code of honour and duty, which in 1914 was translated into the willingness to sacrifice one’s own life and the life of beloved ones. While in the early days of the war propaganda focused on female (sexual) honour and the role of protective chivalrous males, humiliation and public shaming—of enemies, ‘cowards’, and POWs, for example—eventually became common practice in warfare and on the Home Front. Yet as the war and its hardships raged on, more and more people became sceptical of these attitudes. Finally, when the war ended, ‘honour’ maintained its importance, especially in negotiating and bearing the terms of armistice and peace.Less
In private and public affairs the concepts of honour and shame were crucial from the outbreak and throughout the entire duration of the First World War. The roots of these concepts can be traced back to a highly gendered 19th-century aristocratic-bourgeois code of honour and duty, which in 1914 was translated into the willingness to sacrifice one’s own life and the life of beloved ones. While in the early days of the war propaganda focused on female (sexual) honour and the role of protective chivalrous males, humiliation and public shaming—of enemies, ‘cowards’, and POWs, for example—eventually became common practice in warfare and on the Home Front. Yet as the war and its hardships raged on, more and more people became sceptical of these attitudes. Finally, when the war ended, ‘honour’ maintained its importance, especially in negotiating and bearing the terms of armistice and peace.
Jennifer A. Glancy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195328158
- eISBN:
- 9780199777143
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328158.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, Early Christian Studies
Focusing on a single passage of a single early Christian text, chapter 2 situates the body language of 2 Corinthians 11:23–25 in the wider context of the corporal habitus of the early Roman Empire. ...
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Focusing on a single passage of a single early Christian text, chapter 2 situates the body language of 2 Corinthians 11:23–25 in the wider context of the corporal habitus of the early Roman Empire. While a man might well boast of war wounds, a whipping was an event that emasculated a man. Humiliation rather than honor accompanied beatings of the kind Paul endured. The chapter argues that by pointing to his own storytelling body, Paul claims his dubious corporal knowledge as a source of improbable power. Because Paul perceives that his corporal knowledge of repeated violation unites him with Jesus, he is able to position his abject body as a token of his authority. Ultimately, however, the example of Paul’s storytelling body fails to disrupt the habituation of early Christian bodies by Roman norms.Less
Focusing on a single passage of a single early Christian text, chapter 2 situates the body language of 2 Corinthians 11:23–25 in the wider context of the corporal habitus of the early Roman Empire. While a man might well boast of war wounds, a whipping was an event that emasculated a man. Humiliation rather than honor accompanied beatings of the kind Paul endured. The chapter argues that by pointing to his own storytelling body, Paul claims his dubious corporal knowledge as a source of improbable power. Because Paul perceives that his corporal knowledge of repeated violation unites him with Jesus, he is able to position his abject body as a token of his authority. Ultimately, however, the example of Paul’s storytelling body fails to disrupt the habituation of early Christian bodies by Roman norms.
Stephen R. Haynes
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195142792
- eISBN:
- 9780199834280
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195142799.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This chapter explores the distinctive way American advocates of slavery read the story of Noah and his sons (Gen. 9:20––27) and applied it to the defense of racial slavery. Their departure from the ...
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This chapter explores the distinctive way American advocates of slavery read the story of Noah and his sons (Gen. 9:20––27) and applied it to the defense of racial slavery. Their departure from the history of interpretation by failing to sexualize the story while reading it as a tale of violated honor confirms the centrality of honor in the biblical imagination of Southern whites. The concept of slavery as “social death” (the ultimate dishonor) is used to elucidate the connections between slavery, honor, and honor‐bound readings of this popular proslavery biblical passage.Less
This chapter explores the distinctive way American advocates of slavery read the story of Noah and his sons (Gen. 9:20––27) and applied it to the defense of racial slavery. Their departure from the history of interpretation by failing to sexualize the story while reading it as a tale of violated honor confirms the centrality of honor in the biblical imagination of Southern whites. The concept of slavery as “social death” (the ultimate dishonor) is used to elucidate the connections between slavery, honor, and honor‐bound readings of this popular proslavery biblical passage.
Patricia Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199204809
- eISBN:
- 9780191709517
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199204809.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This chapter reveals the diversity of men's responses to illicit paternity, and their general unwillingness to undertake even the basic duty of maintenance. When men were accused of fathering a ...
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This chapter reveals the diversity of men's responses to illicit paternity, and their general unwillingness to undertake even the basic duty of maintenance. When men were accused of fathering a bastard, a common response was denial. Very few voluntarily accepted even the minimal duty of maintenance. Instead, they sought to evade responsibility and expense; their own social and economic standing and honour were more important than the claims of any children. Men voiced their denials in terms of contemporary cultural stereotypes: paternity was uncertain because women who were sexually active outside marriage were whores; their words were untrustworthy.Less
This chapter reveals the diversity of men's responses to illicit paternity, and their general unwillingness to undertake even the basic duty of maintenance. When men were accused of fathering a bastard, a common response was denial. Very few voluntarily accepted even the minimal duty of maintenance. Instead, they sought to evade responsibility and expense; their own social and economic standing and honour were more important than the claims of any children. Men voiced their denials in terms of contemporary cultural stereotypes: paternity was uncertain because women who were sexually active outside marriage were whores; their words were untrustworthy.
Paul-André Rosental
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265314
- eISBN:
- 9780191760402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265314.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Civil status, and particularly birth certificates, rather than identity papers, are the legal basis of identification in France. Its nineteenth-century history presents a complex picture, which ...
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Civil status, and particularly birth certificates, rather than identity papers, are the legal basis of identification in France. Its nineteenth-century history presents a complex picture, which cannot be reduced to a process of increasing state control. Far from implementing ambitious registration projects, French liberal administration left information scattered and scarce as compared to European standards. It had to find a balance between the need to provide open information in order to minimize uncertainty in social and economic relationships, and the protection of personal and family honour and reputation. Citizens' agency and consent have been determinant in this process, whose traces are still visible in contemporary France.Less
Civil status, and particularly birth certificates, rather than identity papers, are the legal basis of identification in France. Its nineteenth-century history presents a complex picture, which cannot be reduced to a process of increasing state control. Far from implementing ambitious registration projects, French liberal administration left information scattered and scarce as compared to European standards. It had to find a balance between the need to provide open information in order to minimize uncertainty in social and economic relationships, and the protection of personal and family honour and reputation. Citizens' agency and consent have been determinant in this process, whose traces are still visible in contemporary France.
Christopher Fletcher
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199546916
- eISBN:
- 9780191720826
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546916.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Richard II (1377-99) has long suffered from an unusually unmanly reputation. He has been associated with lavish courtly expenditure, absolutist ideas, Francophile tendencies, and a love of peace ...
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Richard II (1377-99) has long suffered from an unusually unmanly reputation. He has been associated with lavish courtly expenditure, absolutist ideas, Francophile tendencies, and a love of peace habitually linked to the king's physical effeminacy. Even sympathetic accounts of his reign have only dismissed particular facets of this picture, or reinterpreted it as yielding evidence of praiseworthy dissent from accepted norms of masculinity. This book takes a different tack. It does so by putting the politics of Richard's reign back in the context of contemporary assumptions about the nature of manhood and youth. This makes it possible not only to understand the agenda behind the attacks of the king's critics, but also to suggest a new account of his actions. It is argued that Richard tried to establish his manhood (and hence authority to rule) by thoroughly conventional means. The inability of his subjects to support this aspiration produced a sequence of conflicts with the king, in which Richard's opponents found it convenient to ascribe to him the faults of youth. These critiques derived their force not from the king's real personality but from the fit between certain contemporary assumptions about youth, effeminacy, and masculinity on the one hand, and the actions of Richard's government — constrained by difficult and complex circumstances — on the other. This book thus uses an inquiry into contemporary concepts of manhood and youth to understand not only the role they played in providing useful rhetorical strategies, but also in structuring the priorities of political actors.Less
Richard II (1377-99) has long suffered from an unusually unmanly reputation. He has been associated with lavish courtly expenditure, absolutist ideas, Francophile tendencies, and a love of peace habitually linked to the king's physical effeminacy. Even sympathetic accounts of his reign have only dismissed particular facets of this picture, or reinterpreted it as yielding evidence of praiseworthy dissent from accepted norms of masculinity. This book takes a different tack. It does so by putting the politics of Richard's reign back in the context of contemporary assumptions about the nature of manhood and youth. This makes it possible not only to understand the agenda behind the attacks of the king's critics, but also to suggest a new account of his actions. It is argued that Richard tried to establish his manhood (and hence authority to rule) by thoroughly conventional means. The inability of his subjects to support this aspiration produced a sequence of conflicts with the king, in which Richard's opponents found it convenient to ascribe to him the faults of youth. These critiques derived their force not from the king's real personality but from the fit between certain contemporary assumptions about youth, effeminacy, and masculinity on the one hand, and the actions of Richard's government — constrained by difficult and complex circumstances — on the other. This book thus uses an inquiry into contemporary concepts of manhood and youth to understand not only the role they played in providing useful rhetorical strategies, but also in structuring the priorities of political actors.
G. J. Oliver
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199283507
- eISBN:
- 9780191712722
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283507.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This book provides a new assessment of the economic history of Athens in the Hellenistic era, when the city was no longer an imperial power and struggled to maintain its territory, both at home in ...
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This book provides a new assessment of the economic history of Athens in the Hellenistic era, when the city was no longer an imperial power and struggled to maintain its territory, both at home in Attica and overseas in the cleruchies. The book assesses how political and military change affected the fragile economies of the Athenian polis. Warfare in Attica required the Athenians to protect their domestic grain supply and seek out those beyond the city to provide commodities from abroad. The book stresses the economic importance of benefaction and civic honours, and shows how much the citizens of Athens contributed to the defence and finances of their city.Less
This book provides a new assessment of the economic history of Athens in the Hellenistic era, when the city was no longer an imperial power and struggled to maintain its territory, both at home in Attica and overseas in the cleruchies. The book assesses how political and military change affected the fragile economies of the Athenian polis. Warfare in Attica required the Athenians to protect their domestic grain supply and seek out those beyond the city to provide commodities from abroad. The book stresses the economic importance of benefaction and civic honours, and shows how much the citizens of Athens contributed to the defence and finances of their city.
Prudence L. Carter
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199899630
- eISBN:
- 9780199951147
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199899630.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education, Race and Ethnicity
Chapter Four examines the differences in a core concept in the book, “cultural flexibility” (or the propensity to move across different cultural and social peer groups and environments), among ...
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Chapter Four examines the differences in a core concept in the book, “cultural flexibility” (or the propensity to move across different cultural and social peer groups and environments), among students enrolled in either majority-minority or white-dominant schools. Findings reveal that Black students who attended majority-minority schools showed more cultural flexibility and greater self-esteem than those attending white-dominant schools. Among white students, regional location and representation in advanced placement or honors classes mattered. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this chapter links these patterns to how students are organized and represented within educational activities in their schools. In addition, it discusses how students make sense of their social relationships and their (un)willingness to cross social and academic lines, given their respective schools' and communities' social climates.Less
Chapter Four examines the differences in a core concept in the book, “cultural flexibility” (or the propensity to move across different cultural and social peer groups and environments), among students enrolled in either majority-minority or white-dominant schools. Findings reveal that Black students who attended majority-minority schools showed more cultural flexibility and greater self-esteem than those attending white-dominant schools. Among white students, regional location and representation in advanced placement or honors classes mattered. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this chapter links these patterns to how students are organized and represented within educational activities in their schools. In addition, it discusses how students make sense of their social relationships and their (un)willingness to cross social and academic lines, given their respective schools' and communities' social climates.
Allyson M. Poska
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199265312
- eISBN:
- 9780191708763
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199265312.003.08
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This introductory chapter provides an overview of anthropological and historical perspectives on the Mediterranean honor code and women's power. After discussing the complicated documentary record ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of anthropological and historical perspectives on the Mediterranean honor code and women's power. After discussing the complicated documentary record available on peasants, including Inquisition trials, parish records, notarial texts, and anthropological interviews, it asserts that ethnohistory provides a mechanism for accessing the lives of illiterate peasant women. The introduction ends with an outline of the chapters to follow.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of anthropological and historical perspectives on the Mediterranean honor code and women's power. After discussing the complicated documentary record available on peasants, including Inquisition trials, parish records, notarial texts, and anthropological interviews, it asserts that ethnohistory provides a mechanism for accessing the lives of illiterate peasant women. The introduction ends with an outline of the chapters to follow.
Thomas F. Haddox
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823225217
- eISBN:
- 9780823236947
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823225217.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
This book charts what has been a largely unexplored literary landscape, looking at the work of such diverse writers as the gens de couleur libre poets of antebellum New Orleans, Kate ...
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This book charts what has been a largely unexplored literary landscape, looking at the work of such diverse writers as the gens de couleur libre poets of antebellum New Orleans, Kate Chopin, Mark Twain, Carson McCullers, Margaret Mitchell, Allen Tate, Caroline Gordon, Flannery O'Connor, Walker Percy, and John Kennedy Toole. It shows that Catholicism and its Church have always been a presence, albeit in different ways, in the southern cultural tradition. For some, Catholicism has been associated with miscegenation and with the political aspirations of African Americans; for others, it has served as the model for the feudal and patriarchal society that some southern whites sought to establish; for still others, it has presented a gorgeous aesthetic spectacle associated with decadence and homoeroticism; and for still others, it has marked a quotidian, do-it-yourself “lifestyle” attractive for its lack of concern with southern anxieties about honor. By focusing on the shifting and contradictory ways Catholicism has signified within southern literature and culture, this book contributes to a more nuanced understanding of American and southern literary and cultural history.Less
This book charts what has been a largely unexplored literary landscape, looking at the work of such diverse writers as the gens de couleur libre poets of antebellum New Orleans, Kate Chopin, Mark Twain, Carson McCullers, Margaret Mitchell, Allen Tate, Caroline Gordon, Flannery O'Connor, Walker Percy, and John Kennedy Toole. It shows that Catholicism and its Church have always been a presence, albeit in different ways, in the southern cultural tradition. For some, Catholicism has been associated with miscegenation and with the political aspirations of African Americans; for others, it has served as the model for the feudal and patriarchal society that some southern whites sought to establish; for still others, it has presented a gorgeous aesthetic spectacle associated with decadence and homoeroticism; and for still others, it has marked a quotidian, do-it-yourself “lifestyle” attractive for its lack of concern with southern anxieties about honor. By focusing on the shifting and contradictory ways Catholicism has signified within southern literature and culture, this book contributes to a more nuanced understanding of American and southern literary and cultural history.
