José M. Guerra-Sanz
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195316957
- eISBN:
- 9780199871575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195316957.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This chapter describes the need for pollination in greenhouses due to its special agro-ecological conditions and unique constraints. The advantages that greenhouses hold for both achieving ...
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This chapter describes the need for pollination in greenhouses due to its special agro-ecological conditions and unique constraints. The advantages that greenhouses hold for both achieving pollination of particular crops and for safeguarding managed pollinators are compared with open air cultures. The traits of the two main greenhouse pollinators — bumble bees and honey bees — are discussed according to their relevance for pollination in this horticultural system. Finally, some examples of pollination of greenhouse cultures and predictions for the future development of pollination in greenhouses are described.Less
This chapter describes the need for pollination in greenhouses due to its special agro-ecological conditions and unique constraints. The advantages that greenhouses hold for both achieving pollination of particular crops and for safeguarding managed pollinators are compared with open air cultures. The traits of the two main greenhouse pollinators — bumble bees and honey bees — are discussed according to their relevance for pollination in this horticultural system. Finally, some examples of pollination of greenhouse cultures and predictions for the future development of pollination in greenhouses are described.
Peter G. Kevan, Jean-Pierre Kapongo, Mohammad Al-mazra'awi, and Les Shipp
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195316957
- eISBN:
- 9780199871575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195316957.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
Pollinator Biocontrol Vector Technology is a novel application strategy using bees for the delivery of microbial control agents. This technology has been demonstrated for the control of seed set in ...
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Pollinator Biocontrol Vector Technology is a novel application strategy using bees for the delivery of microbial control agents. This technology has been demonstrated for the control of seed set in weeds, suppression of plant diseases and control of insect pests. For this multi-disciplinary approach to be successful, many factors must be considered such as efficacy against the target pests, vector safety, formulation of the inoculum, inoculum dispenser design, and environmental and human safety. Pollinator Biocontrol Vector Technology is a new, reduced risk pest management tool that reduces pesticide use and improves crop pollination resulting in increased yield and crop quality.Less
Pollinator Biocontrol Vector Technology is a novel application strategy using bees for the delivery of microbial control agents. This technology has been demonstrated for the control of seed set in weeds, suppression of plant diseases and control of insect pests. For this multi-disciplinary approach to be successful, many factors must be considered such as efficacy against the target pests, vector safety, formulation of the inoculum, inoculum dispenser design, and environmental and human safety. Pollinator Biocontrol Vector Technology is a new, reduced risk pest management tool that reduces pesticide use and improves crop pollination resulting in increased yield and crop quality.
Rosalind R. James
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195316957
- eISBN:
- 9780199871575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195316957.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
When disease strikes a hive of bees, it can devastate the colony and spread to the entire beekeeping operation. All bees are susceptible to diseases, and when they are domesticated, their population ...
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When disease strikes a hive of bees, it can devastate the colony and spread to the entire beekeeping operation. All bees are susceptible to diseases, and when they are domesticated, their population densities increase to suit human needs, making them more susceptible. Most attempts at disease control have centered on either drug treatments or destroying affected colonies. This chapter discusses how disease control strategies could be improved by first developing a better understanding of the disease-cycle, and in particular, developing knowledge of the disease triangle, allowing researchers to identify that time and place in the management system for which the pathogen is most vulnerable, followed by targeting treatments to that stage.Less
When disease strikes a hive of bees, it can devastate the colony and spread to the entire beekeeping operation. All bees are susceptible to diseases, and when they are domesticated, their population densities increase to suit human needs, making them more susceptible. Most attempts at disease control have centered on either drug treatments or destroying affected colonies. This chapter discusses how disease control strategies could be improved by first developing a better understanding of the disease-cycle, and in particular, developing knowledge of the disease triangle, allowing researchers to identify that time and place in the management system for which the pathogen is most vulnerable, followed by targeting treatments to that stage.
Carlos H. Vergara
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195316957
- eISBN:
- 9780199871575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195316957.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This chapter reviews currently available information on the success of introduced pollinators, their effects on native ecosystems, and examines the viability of using native pollinators to prevent ...
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This chapter reviews currently available information on the success of introduced pollinators, their effects on native ecosystems, and examines the viability of using native pollinators to prevent unnecessary introductions of exotic species. Exotic species of bees have been introduced to different countries as crop pollinators. Well-known examples are the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) and several species of bumble bees (Bombus spp.). In most cases, these imports have been done without prior assessment of possible negative impacts of the pollinators on native ecosystems. Other species have been accidentally introduced, or introduced for purposes other than pollination of crops. The best known of such introductions is the African honey bee, imported to Brazil in the 1950s. African honey bees (Apis mellifera scutellata) have become important pollinators of crops like coffee or avocado in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas.Less
This chapter reviews currently available information on the success of introduced pollinators, their effects on native ecosystems, and examines the viability of using native pollinators to prevent unnecessary introductions of exotic species. Exotic species of bees have been introduced to different countries as crop pollinators. Well-known examples are the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) and several species of bumble bees (Bombus spp.). In most cases, these imports have been done without prior assessment of possible negative impacts of the pollinators on native ecosystems. Other species have been accidentally introduced, or introduced for purposes other than pollination of crops. The best known of such introductions is the African honey bee, imported to Brazil in the 1950s. African honey bees (Apis mellifera scutellata) have become important pollinators of crops like coffee or avocado in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas.
James E. Cresswell
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195316957
- eISBN:
- 9780199871575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195316957.003.0011
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This chapter considers methods for quantifying the importance of bees in pollinating a crop and in producing field-to-field cross-pollination and gene flow. Simple theoretical models are presented ...
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This chapter considers methods for quantifying the importance of bees in pollinating a crop and in producing field-to-field cross-pollination and gene flow. Simple theoretical models are presented whose parameters identify key governing influences on bee pollination. The values of some parameters are known, particularly in systems involving honey bees and bumble bees, and their implications for the confinement of genetically-modified crops are discussed. Specific parameters whose values are unknown are identified as targets for future work.Less
This chapter considers methods for quantifying the importance of bees in pollinating a crop and in producing field-to-field cross-pollination and gene flow. Simple theoretical models are presented whose parameters identify key governing influences on bee pollination. The values of some parameters are known, particularly in systems involving honey bees and bumble bees, and their implications for the confinement of genetically-modified crops are discussed. Specific parameters whose values are unknown are identified as targets for future work.
Rosalind R. James and Theresa L. Pitts-Singer
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195316957
- eISBN:
- 9780199871575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195316957.003.0013
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This chapter summarizes how agricultural production and bees are inter-dependent. Honey bees are the most commonly used agricultural pollinators in the world, but are threatened by an increasing ...
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This chapter summarizes how agricultural production and bees are inter-dependent. Honey bees are the most commonly used agricultural pollinators in the world, but are threatened by an increasing number of hive pests. In addition, not all crops are well pollinated by honey bees (e.g., tomatoes, alfalfa seed, and crops grown in greenhouses and under row covers). Fortunately, the world holds a huge diversity of bee species, although only a few of these are managed specifically as crop pollinators. Wild bees provide pollination services that often go unnoticed, yet are critical to the success of some forms of agriculture. The impact that bees have on our food production systems should serve as a reminder to our dependence, in general, on the ecosystems around us.Less
This chapter summarizes how agricultural production and bees are inter-dependent. Honey bees are the most commonly used agricultural pollinators in the world, but are threatened by an increasing number of hive pests. In addition, not all crops are well pollinated by honey bees (e.g., tomatoes, alfalfa seed, and crops grown in greenhouses and under row covers). Fortunately, the world holds a huge diversity of bee species, although only a few of these are managed specifically as crop pollinators. Wild bees provide pollination services that often go unnoticed, yet are critical to the success of some forms of agriculture. The impact that bees have on our food production systems should serve as a reminder to our dependence, in general, on the ecosystems around us.
Marjorie Garber
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823242047
- eISBN:
- 9780823242085
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823242047.003.0013
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Supporters of WikiLeaks proprietor Julian Assange protested his arrest in Sweden on sexual charges as a classic “honey trap”—a sting operation in which an attractive person is used to entrap or ...
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Supporters of WikiLeaks proprietor Julian Assange protested his arrest in Sweden on sexual charges as a classic “honey trap”—a sting operation in which an attractive person is used to entrap or coerce a target. In this case, the claim is that two Swedish women used sex as a way of trapping Assange. “Honey trap” is a phrase more familiar in Britain than the United States, and its connection with sting seems more than coincidental. The honeybee has long been associated in literature and political philosophy with a model of human society—from Virgil's Georgics to Bernard Mandeville's Fable of the Bees to Leo Tolstoy and Karl Marx. But although the term “honey trap” was originally associated with espionage, the Oxford English Dictionary says that it is now onw which is found “especially in journalism.”Less
Supporters of WikiLeaks proprietor Julian Assange protested his arrest in Sweden on sexual charges as a classic “honey trap”—a sting operation in which an attractive person is used to entrap or coerce a target. In this case, the claim is that two Swedish women used sex as a way of trapping Assange. “Honey trap” is a phrase more familiar in Britain than the United States, and its connection with sting seems more than coincidental. The honeybee has long been associated in literature and political philosophy with a model of human society—from Virgil's Georgics to Bernard Mandeville's Fable of the Bees to Leo Tolstoy and Karl Marx. But although the term “honey trap” was originally associated with espionage, the Oxford English Dictionary says that it is now onw which is found “especially in journalism.”
Mary Douglas
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199244195
- eISBN:
- 9780191600548
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199244197.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The Leviticus writer finds the world divided into two kinds of humans, those under the covenant, and the rest, and two kinds of land animals, those under the covenant and the rest; but the rest are ...
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The Leviticus writer finds the world divided into two kinds of humans, those under the covenant, and the rest, and two kinds of land animals, those under the covenant and the rest; but the rest are not evil, the picture is not painted in black and white – it was the work of the later commentators to read good and bad into the divisions between pure and impure. In the book of Leviticus only land animals (but most land animals) are unclean or defiling. For covenant some territorial principle, or at least ownership, is necessary; creatures of the air and water are not named as specifically unclean, although a separate set of rules forbids touching their dead carcasses, backed by the word translated as ‘abominable’. Taking this difference seriously has produced a completely new reading of Leviticus: Jacob Milgrom has argued from close perusal of the text that ‘impurity’ and ‘abomination’ in the book cannot be equivalent terms as they trigger different sequences of action, and this puts a very different complexion on previous commentaries that have tried to combine Deuteronomy 14 and Leviticus 11. This topic is explored further in this chapter, in which the different sections discuss: God’s care for his creation; the translation of ‘swarming’ as ‘teeming’ (in the sense of the positivity of fertility); leaven and honey as teeming life; the translation of abomination; creatures that swarm in the air; and competition in holiness in confrontation with other religions – in which the place of animals might become a sellingpoint for Judaism.Less
The Leviticus writer finds the world divided into two kinds of humans, those under the covenant, and the rest, and two kinds of land animals, those under the covenant and the rest; but the rest are not evil, the picture is not painted in black and white – it was the work of the later commentators to read good and bad into the divisions between pure and impure. In the book of Leviticus only land animals (but most land animals) are unclean or defiling. For covenant some territorial principle, or at least ownership, is necessary; creatures of the air and water are not named as specifically unclean, although a separate set of rules forbids touching their dead carcasses, backed by the word translated as ‘abominable’. Taking this difference seriously has produced a completely new reading of Leviticus: Jacob Milgrom has argued from close perusal of the text that ‘impurity’ and ‘abomination’ in the book cannot be equivalent terms as they trigger different sequences of action, and this puts a very different complexion on previous commentaries that have tried to combine Deuteronomy 14 and Leviticus 11. This topic is explored further in this chapter, in which the different sections discuss: God’s care for his creation; the translation of ‘swarming’ as ‘teeming’ (in the sense of the positivity of fertility); leaven and honey as teeming life; the translation of abomination; creatures that swarm in the air; and competition in holiness in confrontation with other religions – in which the place of animals might become a sellingpoint for Judaism.
Shadi Bartsch
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226241845
- eISBN:
- 9780226241982
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226241982.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Persius’ Satires have long resisted interpretation. A curious amalgam of satire and philosophy, they are couched in bizarre and violent metaphorical language and unpleasant imagery. They show little ...
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Persius’ Satires have long resisted interpretation. A curious amalgam of satire and philosophy, they are couched in bizarre and violent metaphorical language and unpleasant imagery. They show little concern for the pleasure and understanding of the reader, instead attacking all humans for falling short of Stoic moral standards and depicting their values and behaviour in mocking terms. This short study investigates the function of Persius’ primary metaphors, showing how he turns to digestion, cannibalism, and pederasty to formulate his critique of men, mores, and contemporary poetry as part of the same corrupt framework. Developing elements taken from the poetic tradition and from philosophy, he opposes his own metaphors to those that give pleasure, casting the latter, and the poetry that uses them, as unable to teach or heal the audience. It is only Persius’ own poetry, a bitter and boiled-down brew, that can make us healthier, better and more Stoic, as if it were a form of poetic medicine, a healing draught with no honey on the rim. Ultimately, however, Persius encourages us to leave behind the world of metaphor altogether, even if his metaphors are salutary and not pleasing; instead, we should concentrate on the non-emotive abstract truths of Stoic philosophy and live in a world where neither poetry, nor rich food, nor sexual charm, are put to use in the service of philosophical teaching.Less
Persius’ Satires have long resisted interpretation. A curious amalgam of satire and philosophy, they are couched in bizarre and violent metaphorical language and unpleasant imagery. They show little concern for the pleasure and understanding of the reader, instead attacking all humans for falling short of Stoic moral standards and depicting their values and behaviour in mocking terms. This short study investigates the function of Persius’ primary metaphors, showing how he turns to digestion, cannibalism, and pederasty to formulate his critique of men, mores, and contemporary poetry as part of the same corrupt framework. Developing elements taken from the poetic tradition and from philosophy, he opposes his own metaphors to those that give pleasure, casting the latter, and the poetry that uses them, as unable to teach or heal the audience. It is only Persius’ own poetry, a bitter and boiled-down brew, that can make us healthier, better and more Stoic, as if it were a form of poetic medicine, a healing draught with no honey on the rim. Ultimately, however, Persius encourages us to leave behind the world of metaphor altogether, even if his metaphors are salutary and not pleasing; instead, we should concentrate on the non-emotive abstract truths of Stoic philosophy and live in a world where neither poetry, nor rich food, nor sexual charm, are put to use in the service of philosophical teaching.
Marjorie Garson
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198122234
- eISBN:
- 9780191671371
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198122234.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
In his comments in the Author's Preface in Under the Greenwood Tree, Hardy points out that the titles of the novel demonstrate a dualism. The final title as its subtitle — A Rural Painting of the ...
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In his comments in the Author's Preface in Under the Greenwood Tree, Hardy points out that the titles of the novel demonstrate a dualism. The final title as its subtitle — A Rural Painting of the Dutch School — illustrate how the novel maintains a pastoral identity. The book's original title, The Mellstock Choir suggests that pastoralism has limits since the main subject of this narrative is about the extinction of the choir. The ideals of the traditional pastoral are qualified through how Hardy set them against the 1840s world of Dorset. This world was characterized with time, death, courtship, and marriage; and the dream of a classical golden age was portrayed much through the syllogistic discussion of honey-taking.Less
In his comments in the Author's Preface in Under the Greenwood Tree, Hardy points out that the titles of the novel demonstrate a dualism. The final title as its subtitle — A Rural Painting of the Dutch School — illustrate how the novel maintains a pastoral identity. The book's original title, The Mellstock Choir suggests that pastoralism has limits since the main subject of this narrative is about the extinction of the choir. The ideals of the traditional pastoral are qualified through how Hardy set them against the 1840s world of Dorset. This world was characterized with time, death, courtship, and marriage; and the dream of a classical golden age was portrayed much through the syllogistic discussion of honey-taking.
Brenda Rascón, Navdeep S. Mutti, Christina Tolfsen, and Gro V. Amdam
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199568765
- eISBN:
- 9780191774591
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568765.003.0020
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) females differentiate into distinct castes during development: the primary reproductive queen and the essentially sterile worker. Workers are characterized by complex ...
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Honey bee (Apis mellifera) females differentiate into distinct castes during development: the primary reproductive queen and the essentially sterile worker. Workers are characterized by complex social behaviour. They move through a series of tasks, beginning with nursing brood, and culminating with intense flight activity and foraging behaviour. Worker life history progression is flexible, and is affected by social environment as well as genotype. Nutritional and sensory signalling cascades mediate behavioural, physiological, and metabolic changes in workers that translate into a largely plastic pattern of aging. This chapter reviews evolutionary and mechanistic insights about worker bee life history regulation from early development and well into senescence. It contrasts these findings to life history control in Drosophila melanogaster and outlines how aging plasticity can be better understood through an experimental synthesis of two model systems: honey bees and fruit flies.Less
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) females differentiate into distinct castes during development: the primary reproductive queen and the essentially sterile worker. Workers are characterized by complex social behaviour. They move through a series of tasks, beginning with nursing brood, and culminating with intense flight activity and foraging behaviour. Worker life history progression is flexible, and is affected by social environment as well as genotype. Nutritional and sensory signalling cascades mediate behavioural, physiological, and metabolic changes in workers that translate into a largely plastic pattern of aging. This chapter reviews evolutionary and mechanistic insights about worker bee life history regulation from early development and well into senescence. It contrasts these findings to life history control in Drosophila melanogaster and outlines how aging plasticity can be better understood through an experimental synthesis of two model systems: honey bees and fruit flies.
B. F. Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719069086
- eISBN:
- 9781781701218
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719069086.003.0011
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter considers Tony Richardson's contribution to British New Wave. Richardson's first film Look Back in Anger (1959), despite its faults, was important for the development of ‘a style to the ...
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This chapter considers Tony Richardson's contribution to British New Wave. Richardson's first film Look Back in Anger (1959), despite its faults, was important for the development of ‘a style to the purposes of the piece’. Look Back in Anger is an interesting film for many reasons. It represents the beginning of Richardson's efforts to establish a new and separate position within the British film industry. The film also helped to generate a new series of critical debates about the development of a British cinematic style, or the lack of it. The film also became allied with other films trying to do similar things, such as Clayton's Room at the Top. It can best be characterised by the extremity of shot scale deployed to show the claustrophobic relationship between Alison and Jimmy, and the construction of The Entertainer demonstrates a willingness to move out from this extreme proximity. Richardson's four films from this period need to be seen as indicative of a talent being developed rather than the achievements of a director at the height of his creative ability.Less
This chapter considers Tony Richardson's contribution to British New Wave. Richardson's first film Look Back in Anger (1959), despite its faults, was important for the development of ‘a style to the purposes of the piece’. Look Back in Anger is an interesting film for many reasons. It represents the beginning of Richardson's efforts to establish a new and separate position within the British film industry. The film also helped to generate a new series of critical debates about the development of a British cinematic style, or the lack of it. The film also became allied with other films trying to do similar things, such as Clayton's Room at the Top. It can best be characterised by the extremity of shot scale deployed to show the claustrophobic relationship between Alison and Jimmy, and the construction of The Entertainer demonstrates a willingness to move out from this extreme proximity. Richardson's four films from this period need to be seen as indicative of a talent being developed rather than the achievements of a director at the height of his creative ability.
Shadi Bartsch
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226241845
- eISBN:
- 9780226241982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226241982.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Metaphor was characterized in ancient rhetorical theory as a “sweet” figure and a source of pleasure to readers and listeners. Both Lucretius and Horace refer to this pleasure when they defend the ...
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Metaphor was characterized in ancient rhetorical theory as a “sweet” figure and a source of pleasure to readers and listeners. Both Lucretius and Horace refer to this pleasure when they defend the pedagogic value of their poetry: in offering something sweet, their poetry manages to get us to accept its serious teaching as well. Persius, however, abjures any concession to the pleasure of the reader; his verse, we hear, is full of the acris iunctura, the “harsh joining.” While some scholars have taken this to be a reference to word order in his verse and the presence of elision, it is more likely to be a characterization of Persius’ use of metaphor, which violates all the ancient standards for producing a figure that is sweet, appropriate, and not too far-fetched. The Satires are thus a poetry of displeasure, and this is part of their philosophical goal.Less
Metaphor was characterized in ancient rhetorical theory as a “sweet” figure and a source of pleasure to readers and listeners. Both Lucretius and Horace refer to this pleasure when they defend the pedagogic value of their poetry: in offering something sweet, their poetry manages to get us to accept its serious teaching as well. Persius, however, abjures any concession to the pleasure of the reader; his verse, we hear, is full of the acris iunctura, the “harsh joining.” While some scholars have taken this to be a reference to word order in his verse and the presence of elision, it is more likely to be a characterization of Persius’ use of metaphor, which violates all the ancient standards for producing a figure that is sweet, appropriate, and not too far-fetched. The Satires are thus a poetry of displeasure, and this is part of their philosophical goal.
Andrew F. G. Bourke
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199231157
- eISBN:
- 9780191774553
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231157.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
A major conclusion of this book is that each stage in a major transition involves common principles of social evolution acting in analogous ways at the different hierarchical levels. Evidence ...
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A major conclusion of this book is that each stage in a major transition involves common principles of social evolution acting in analogous ways at the different hierarchical levels. Evidence supporting this conclusion comes from numerous taxa, including bacteria, plants, colonial marine invertebrates, eusocial Hymenoptera (e.g., ants, honey bees), termites, birds, mammals with cooperative breeding, and the eusocial Naked mole-rat. It also comes from several levels within both the egalitarian and the fraternal transitions. Another major conclusion is that, in the evolution of multicellularity and eusociality, the size–complexity hypothesis provides a potentially powerful explanation for how and why social group transformation occurs. Nonetheless, many open questions remain in the study of social evolution and the major transitions. The evolution of unicoloniality in ants involves the evolution of societies, and in this sense represents the next step in the hierarchy of fraternal transitions.Less
A major conclusion of this book is that each stage in a major transition involves common principles of social evolution acting in analogous ways at the different hierarchical levels. Evidence supporting this conclusion comes from numerous taxa, including bacteria, plants, colonial marine invertebrates, eusocial Hymenoptera (e.g., ants, honey bees), termites, birds, mammals with cooperative breeding, and the eusocial Naked mole-rat. It also comes from several levels within both the egalitarian and the fraternal transitions. Another major conclusion is that, in the evolution of multicellularity and eusociality, the size–complexity hypothesis provides a potentially powerful explanation for how and why social group transformation occurs. Nonetheless, many open questions remain in the study of social evolution and the major transitions. The evolution of unicoloniality in ants involves the evolution of societies, and in this sense represents the next step in the hierarchy of fraternal transitions.
Marianne E. Krasny and Keith G. Tidball
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028653
- eISBN:
- 9780262327169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028653.003.0008
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
When people engage in civic ecology practices, they have multiple opportunities to learn about the environment and their community--about ecological processes and social processes. The notion of ...
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When people engage in civic ecology practices, they have multiple opportunities to learn about the environment and their community--about ecological processes and social processes. The notion of social learning—or learning through interaction with others—captures one type of learning in civic ecology practices. In addition, civic ecology stewards learn through interacting with the environment. For example, through measuring the survival and mortality of trees they have planted, civic ecology stewards may learn about effective tree planting practices. What one learns depends on the match between an individual’s skillset and the environment and community that surround that individual. The term “ecology of learning” captures the idea of learning that occurs through multiple interactions between the learner and his/her surroundings. Through these interactions not only does the individual learn or change, the environment surrounding the learner may also be altered.Less
When people engage in civic ecology practices, they have multiple opportunities to learn about the environment and their community--about ecological processes and social processes. The notion of social learning—or learning through interaction with others—captures one type of learning in civic ecology practices. In addition, civic ecology stewards learn through interacting with the environment. For example, through measuring the survival and mortality of trees they have planted, civic ecology stewards may learn about effective tree planting practices. What one learns depends on the match between an individual’s skillset and the environment and community that surround that individual. The term “ecology of learning” captures the idea of learning that occurs through multiple interactions between the learner and his/her surroundings. Through these interactions not only does the individual learn or change, the environment surrounding the learner may also be altered.
Stephen Citron
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300100822
- eISBN:
- 9780300133240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300100822.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
This chapter focuses on the determination of American composer and lyricist Jerry Herman to succeed despite the failure of Parade, highlighting the success of his musical Milk and Honey, which opened ...
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This chapter focuses on the determination of American composer and lyricist Jerry Herman to succeed despite the failure of Parade, highlighting the success of his musical Milk and Honey, which opened in November 1961 and was his Broadway debut as a composer-lyricist. It also mentions that Milk and Honey was nominated for a Tony Award as Best Musical and discusses the success of the 1964 musical Hello Dolly!.Less
This chapter focuses on the determination of American composer and lyricist Jerry Herman to succeed despite the failure of Parade, highlighting the success of his musical Milk and Honey, which opened in November 1961 and was his Broadway debut as a composer-lyricist. It also mentions that Milk and Honey was nominated for a Tony Award as Best Musical and discusses the success of the 1964 musical Hello Dolly!.
Stephen Citron
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300100822
- eISBN:
- 9780300133240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300100822.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
This chapter examines the genesis and inspiration for Jerry Herman's musical Milk and Honey. It explains that there are different versions about the origins of the musical, including suggestions from ...
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This chapter examines the genesis and inspiration for Jerry Herman's musical Milk and Honey. It explains that there are different versions about the origins of the musical, including suggestions from Priscilla Morgan and librettist Don Appell. The chapter discusses Herman and Appell's travel to Israel to observe life there, where they were impressed the kibbutzim, the thriving farms, and desert settlements, and also describes Herman's musical Madame Aphrodite.Less
This chapter examines the genesis and inspiration for Jerry Herman's musical Milk and Honey. It explains that there are different versions about the origins of the musical, including suggestions from Priscilla Morgan and librettist Don Appell. The chapter discusses Herman and Appell's travel to Israel to observe life there, where they were impressed the kibbutzim, the thriving farms, and desert settlements, and also describes Herman's musical Madame Aphrodite.
Thomas W. Cutrer
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469631561
- eISBN:
- 9781469631585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631561.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Federal forces attempted to reverse early Confederate diplomatic and military successes in the Indian Territory, recruiting their own Native American forces and pushing south out of Kansas. Union ...
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Federal forces attempted to reverse early Confederate diplomatic and military successes in the Indian Territory, recruiting their own Native American forces and pushing south out of Kansas. Union troops and their Native American allies were able to reoccupy most of the Indian Territory, but not, as they had hoped, to invade Texas from the north. Intertribal warfare was particularly fierce, and the families of both sides suffered tremendously.Less
Federal forces attempted to reverse early Confederate diplomatic and military successes in the Indian Territory, recruiting their own Native American forces and pushing south out of Kansas. Union troops and their Native American allies were able to reoccupy most of the Indian Territory, but not, as they had hoped, to invade Texas from the north. Intertribal warfare was particularly fierce, and the families of both sides suffered tremendously.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804760126
- eISBN:
- 9780804787468
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804760126.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter is concerned with the importance of peaches to the idea of Shanghai, whose gardens and their finest product—the honey nectar peach—put Shanghai culture on the map. The development of the ...
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This chapter is concerned with the importance of peaches to the idea of Shanghai, whose gardens and their finest product—the honey nectar peach—put Shanghai culture on the map. The development of the region's salt industry was a major turning point in Huating, and later Shanghai, history. Cotton heightened the commercialization of the Shanghai region. The reputation of Shanghai peaches and gardens arose with the gazetteer knowledge trail. The Treatise on the Honey Nectar Peach by Chu Hua supports the techniques employed in Shanghai to grow a successful crop, emphasizing that peaches were different from other fruit trees and presented growers with a unique set of challenges. Chen Wenshu noted that the peach had not previously been the subject of a botanical monograph. Chen's allusions put forth the idea that Shanghai had indeed become a “microcosm” of the Chinese realm, and of “the universe itself.”Less
This chapter is concerned with the importance of peaches to the idea of Shanghai, whose gardens and their finest product—the honey nectar peach—put Shanghai culture on the map. The development of the region's salt industry was a major turning point in Huating, and later Shanghai, history. Cotton heightened the commercialization of the Shanghai region. The reputation of Shanghai peaches and gardens arose with the gazetteer knowledge trail. The Treatise on the Honey Nectar Peach by Chu Hua supports the techniques employed in Shanghai to grow a successful crop, emphasizing that peaches were different from other fruit trees and presented growers with a unique set of challenges. Chen Wenshu noted that the peach had not previously been the subject of a botanical monograph. Chen's allusions put forth the idea that Shanghai had indeed become a “microcosm” of the Chinese realm, and of “the universe itself.”
Penny Tinkler
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474412537
- eISBN:
- 9781474445054
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474412537.003.0013
- Subject:
- Literature, Women's Literature
Interwar working girls’ papers constructed their intended readers as a distinct age-related group in terms of identity, activities and interests. Focusing on Miss Modern, a successful monthly ...
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Interwar working girls’ papers constructed their intended readers as a distinct age-related group in terms of identity, activities and interests. Focusing on Miss Modern, a successful monthly magazine which ran from 1930 to 1940, this chapter looks closely at its construction of youthful feminine modernity, engaging with representations of lifestyle, including consumption, work, appearance, leisure, sociability, romance, and the pursuit of independence. The chapter demonstrates that a nascent teenage identity and lifestyle was cultivated in interwar working girls’ magazines, most notably in Miss Modern, and that the figure of ‘miss modern’ was a precursor to the teenager as imagined in the pages of postwar Honey, Britain’s first glossy teen magazine.Less
Interwar working girls’ papers constructed their intended readers as a distinct age-related group in terms of identity, activities and interests. Focusing on Miss Modern, a successful monthly magazine which ran from 1930 to 1940, this chapter looks closely at its construction of youthful feminine modernity, engaging with representations of lifestyle, including consumption, work, appearance, leisure, sociability, romance, and the pursuit of independence. The chapter demonstrates that a nascent teenage identity and lifestyle was cultivated in interwar working girls’ magazines, most notably in Miss Modern, and that the figure of ‘miss modern’ was a precursor to the teenager as imagined in the pages of postwar Honey, Britain’s first glossy teen magazine.
