Sharon Moughtin‐Mumby
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199239085
- eISBN:
- 9780191716560
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239085.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the persuading power of metaphors. It then outlines sexual and marital metaphorical language in traditional scholarship, feminist scholarship, ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the persuading power of metaphors. It then outlines sexual and marital metaphorical language in traditional scholarship, feminist scholarship, and literary-historical approaches. The chapter discusses a cognitive, contextual approach to metaphorical language, a literary-historical approach, and a diachronic approach.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the persuading power of metaphors. It then outlines sexual and marital metaphorical language in traditional scholarship, feminist scholarship, and literary-historical approaches. The chapter discusses a cognitive, contextual approach to metaphorical language, a literary-historical approach, and a diachronic approach.
Neil Websdale
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195315417
- eISBN:
- 9780199777464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195315417.003.001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Crime and Justice
The opening chapter introduces a sociohistorical approach to the study of familicide, which takes shape against the backdrop of the ethnographic research and social policy work of the author. The ...
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The opening chapter introduces a sociohistorical approach to the study of familicide, which takes shape against the backdrop of the ethnographic research and social policy work of the author. The author discusses the systematic methodology used to gather information on 211 cases of familicide. One of the core arguments of the book is that familicide constitutes one of the many consequences of the emotional conditions of modern life. The author defines modern life and maps the historical emergence of familicide. He discusses the research into familicide, family killing, and homicide, stressing the importance of focusing on emotions as a way of making sense of familicide. In particular, he develops the idea of an emotional continuum as a means of understanding the range of perpetrators' emotional styles.Less
The opening chapter introduces a sociohistorical approach to the study of familicide, which takes shape against the backdrop of the ethnographic research and social policy work of the author. The author discusses the systematic methodology used to gather information on 211 cases of familicide. One of the core arguments of the book is that familicide constitutes one of the many consequences of the emotional conditions of modern life. The author defines modern life and maps the historical emergence of familicide. He discusses the research into familicide, family killing, and homicide, stressing the importance of focusing on emotions as a way of making sense of familicide. In particular, he develops the idea of an emotional continuum as a means of understanding the range of perpetrators' emotional styles.
Jeff Good
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199298495
- eISBN:
- 9780191711442
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298495.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
This introductory chapter exemplifies different approaches to the problem of understanding the relationship between language universals and language change, using the heuristic categories structural, ...
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This introductory chapter exemplifies different approaches to the problem of understanding the relationship between language universals and language change, using the heuristic categories structural, historical, and external. The chapter is organized as follows: Section 1.2 comments in the term universal; Section 1.3 comments on the term explanation; Section 1.4 summarizes structural approaches; Section 1.5 summarizes historical approaches; and Section 1.6 summarizes external approaches.Less
This introductory chapter exemplifies different approaches to the problem of understanding the relationship between language universals and language change, using the heuristic categories structural, historical, and external. The chapter is organized as follows: Section 1.2 comments in the term universal; Section 1.3 comments on the term explanation; Section 1.4 summarizes structural approaches; Section 1.5 summarizes historical approaches; and Section 1.6 summarizes external approaches.
Adiel Schremer
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195383775
- eISBN:
- 9780199777280
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195383775.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion in the Ancient World
This chapter introduces the reader to the theme of “Jewish and Christian relations in Late Antiquity,” as treated by students of early rabbinic Judaism. It describes recent developments in scholarly ...
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This chapter introduces the reader to the theme of “Jewish and Christian relations in Late Antiquity,” as treated by students of early rabbinic Judaism. It describes recent developments in scholarly views of the relations between classical rabbinic texts and early Christian texts, and critically discusses especially the contributions of Israel J. Yuval and Daniel Boyarin to the field. It suggests that the early rabbinic reaction to Christianity should be seen as part of the rabbinic discourse of minut, which, following a theory current in sociological literature, should be understood as a discourse responding to an identity crisis and re-establishing group identity, by the ousting of some of society's member and their placement beyond the pale. The chapter concludes with explicating the book's historical approach to rabbinic texts and their interpretation.Less
This chapter introduces the reader to the theme of “Jewish and Christian relations in Late Antiquity,” as treated by students of early rabbinic Judaism. It describes recent developments in scholarly views of the relations between classical rabbinic texts and early Christian texts, and critically discusses especially the contributions of Israel J. Yuval and Daniel Boyarin to the field. It suggests that the early rabbinic reaction to Christianity should be seen as part of the rabbinic discourse of minut, which, following a theory current in sociological literature, should be understood as a discourse responding to an identity crisis and re-establishing group identity, by the ousting of some of society's member and their placement beyond the pale. The chapter concludes with explicating the book's historical approach to rabbinic texts and their interpretation.
Carola M. Frege
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199208067
- eISBN:
- 9780191709159
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208067.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR
This chapter reviews the institutional development of employment research in the US, Britain, and Germany. It discusses symptoms of the current academic crisis in the study of work and employment and ...
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This chapter reviews the institutional development of employment research in the US, Britain, and Germany. It discusses symptoms of the current academic crisis in the study of work and employment and the written attempts to explain these developments. Most studies discuss the status of employment research in a single country (the US) and essentially describe but not further analyse indicators of the crisis and problems of the field. This book contributes to the evolving debate by enlarging the comparative perspective towards non-Anglophone countries such as those of continental Europe. More importantly, rather than focusing on the symptoms of this crisis, the book's historical approach allows us to go a step further and to examine the underlying path dependencies of research patterns across various countries.Less
This chapter reviews the institutional development of employment research in the US, Britain, and Germany. It discusses symptoms of the current academic crisis in the study of work and employment and the written attempts to explain these developments. Most studies discuss the status of employment research in a single country (the US) and essentially describe but not further analyse indicators of the crisis and problems of the field. This book contributes to the evolving debate by enlarging the comparative perspective towards non-Anglophone countries such as those of continental Europe. More importantly, rather than focusing on the symptoms of this crisis, the book's historical approach allows us to go a step further and to examine the underlying path dependencies of research patterns across various countries.
Richard Hoefer
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199735198
- eISBN:
- 9780199918560
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199735198.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
The historical approach to policy analysis is described and applied to the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Law. At its heart, the historical approach to policy analysis is the ...
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The historical approach to policy analysis is described and applied to the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Law. At its heart, the historical approach to policy analysis is the telling of a story based on credible sources. It is often qualitative, almost journalistic, in nature. Three approaches to historical analysis are presented: the hermeneutics approach, which examines in detail the leaders of countries and organizations to determine what they did and what they believed as policy was developed. The second approach is nomological. This looks for generalities in history, seeking to uncover “laws” of history to explain what occurred. The third approach discussed is “critical” analysis which sees everything as part of a set of changes to systems of social relationships and how people are dependent upon each other. Marxist and feminist scholars, despite their differences between each other, use a critical approach in their writing about social policy.Less
The historical approach to policy analysis is described and applied to the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Law. At its heart, the historical approach to policy analysis is the telling of a story based on credible sources. It is often qualitative, almost journalistic, in nature. Three approaches to historical analysis are presented: the hermeneutics approach, which examines in detail the leaders of countries and organizations to determine what they did and what they believed as policy was developed. The second approach is nomological. This looks for generalities in history, seeking to uncover “laws” of history to explain what occurred. The third approach discussed is “critical” analysis which sees everything as part of a set of changes to systems of social relationships and how people are dependent upon each other. Marxist and feminist scholars, despite their differences between each other, use a critical approach in their writing about social policy.
Matthew Baerman, Greville G. Corbett, and Dunstan Brown (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264607
- eISBN:
- 9780191734366
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264607.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
An important design feature of language is the use of productive patterns in inflection. In English, we have pairs such as ‘enjoy’ — ‘enjoyed’, ‘agree’ — ‘agreed’, and many others. On the basis of ...
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An important design feature of language is the use of productive patterns in inflection. In English, we have pairs such as ‘enjoy’ — ‘enjoyed’, ‘agree’ — ‘agreed’, and many others. On the basis of this productive pattern, if we meet a new verb ‘transduce’ we know that there will be the form ‘transduced’. Even if the pattern is not fully regular, there will be a form available, as in ‘understand’ — ‘understood’. Surprisingly, this principle is sometimes violated, a phenomenon known as defectiveness, which means there is a gap in a word's set of forms: for example, given the verb ‘forego’, many if not most people are unwilling to produce a past tense. Although such gaps have been known to us since the days of Classical grammarians, they remain poorly understood. Defectiveness contradicts basic assumptions about the way inflectional rules operate, because it seems to require that speakers know that for certain words, not only should one not employ the expected rule, one should not employ any rule at all. This is a serious problem, since it is probably safe to say that all reigning models of grammar were designed as if defectiveness did not exist, and would lose a considerable amount of their elegance if it were properly factored in. This volume addresses these issues from a number of analytical approaches — historical, statistical and theoretical — and by using studies from a range of languages.Less
An important design feature of language is the use of productive patterns in inflection. In English, we have pairs such as ‘enjoy’ — ‘enjoyed’, ‘agree’ — ‘agreed’, and many others. On the basis of this productive pattern, if we meet a new verb ‘transduce’ we know that there will be the form ‘transduced’. Even if the pattern is not fully regular, there will be a form available, as in ‘understand’ — ‘understood’. Surprisingly, this principle is sometimes violated, a phenomenon known as defectiveness, which means there is a gap in a word's set of forms: for example, given the verb ‘forego’, many if not most people are unwilling to produce a past tense. Although such gaps have been known to us since the days of Classical grammarians, they remain poorly understood. Defectiveness contradicts basic assumptions about the way inflectional rules operate, because it seems to require that speakers know that for certain words, not only should one not employ the expected rule, one should not employ any rule at all. This is a serious problem, since it is probably safe to say that all reigning models of grammar were designed as if defectiveness did not exist, and would lose a considerable amount of their elegance if it were properly factored in. This volume addresses these issues from a number of analytical approaches — historical, statistical and theoretical — and by using studies from a range of languages.
Nicholas Hope
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269946
- eISBN:
- 9780191600647
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269943.003.0021
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Concludes in nationalism and with the First World War. The new and fragile modern Protestant constitutional church order, in particular the heyday of modern university theology (1890 ‐1914), is ...
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Concludes in nationalism and with the First World War. The new and fragile modern Protestant constitutional church order, in particular the heyday of modern university theology (1890 ‐1914), is discussed before war, and hard times set in once again. Positive was a new Swedish ecumenical initiative (‘evangelical catholicity’), the modern historical approach to Luther and the Reformation, a return to the essential in worship and a renaissance of church music.Less
Concludes in nationalism and with the First World War. The new and fragile modern Protestant constitutional church order, in particular the heyday of modern university theology (1890 ‐1914), is discussed before war, and hard times set in once again. Positive was a new Swedish ecumenical initiative (‘evangelical catholicity’), the modern historical approach to Luther and the Reformation, a return to the essential in worship and a renaissance of church music.
Jerome J. McGann
- Published in print:
- 1988
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198117506
- eISBN:
- 9780191670961
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198117506.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter illustrates the tactical procedures which typify an historical approach, as well as the way historical information tends to open up new dimensions for a more comprehensive and precise ...
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This chapter illustrates the tactical procedures which typify an historical approach, as well as the way historical information tends to open up new dimensions for a more comprehensive and precise critical analysis. It also shows, through a series of illustrative examples, how and why poetic analysis requires a historical method if it is to achieve either precision or comprehensiveness. This demonstration takes for its subject the idea of ‘context’ and tries to explain the special relevance of this for poetry, as well as the necessity of an historical method for elucidating the specifically pertinent contexts which penetrate every poem.Less
This chapter illustrates the tactical procedures which typify an historical approach, as well as the way historical information tends to open up new dimensions for a more comprehensive and precise critical analysis. It also shows, through a series of illustrative examples, how and why poetic analysis requires a historical method if it is to achieve either precision or comprehensiveness. This demonstration takes for its subject the idea of ‘context’ and tries to explain the special relevance of this for poetry, as well as the necessity of an historical method for elucidating the specifically pertinent contexts which penetrate every poem.
David C. Ratke
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199732869
- eISBN:
- 9780199918522
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732869.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
The historical model of Undergraduate Research in the discipline examines archaeological and documentary sources in order to examine the historical forces at work in the shaping of a particular ...
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The historical model of Undergraduate Research in the discipline examines archaeological and documentary sources in order to examine the historical forces at work in the shaping of a particular event, figure, or movement. This chapter describes the application of the historical model to Christian Reformation studies.Less
The historical model of Undergraduate Research in the discipline examines archaeological and documentary sources in order to examine the historical forces at work in the shaping of a particular event, figure, or movement. This chapter describes the application of the historical model to Christian Reformation studies.
Alvin I. Goldman
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199812875
- eISBN:
- 9780199933150
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199812875.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology, General
This chapter takes a look at the debate between externalism and internalism, starting with its most basic points. It first questions the standard terms of engagement within the justifiers debate, and ...
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This chapter takes a look at the debate between externalism and internalism, starting with its most basic points. It first questions the standard terms of engagement within the justifiers debate, and highlights the need for a historical approach to justifiedness. The chapter also identifies the different justifier types and studies the architecture of justification.Less
This chapter takes a look at the debate between externalism and internalism, starting with its most basic points. It first questions the standard terms of engagement within the justifiers debate, and highlights the need for a historical approach to justifiedness. The chapter also identifies the different justifier types and studies the architecture of justification.
Matthew Hart
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195390339
- eISBN:
- 9780199776191
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390339.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This book explores what happens when poets identify vernacular language with the spirit of transnational modernity. It asks whether vernacular poetries are doomed to be provincial or implicitly ...
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This book explores what happens when poets identify vernacular language with the spirit of transnational modernity. It asks whether vernacular poetries are doomed to be provincial or implicitly xenophobic. And it explains how modernist poets created new “synthetic vernacular” discourses in order to reimagine the relations among people, their languages, and the communities in which they live. This book begins with introductory chapters on the formal, literary‐historical, and ideological implications of “synthetic vernacular” writing. It then offers five case studies of Scottish, English, Caribbean, African‐American, and Anglo‐American poetries from the high modernist period through the 1990s. It combines discussions of critical theory and political history with extended analysis of poems by Hugh MacDiarmid, Basil Bunting, Kamau Brathwaite and T. S. Eliot, Melvin B. Tolson and Harryette Mullen, and Mina Loy. In doing so, it produces a new interpretation of Anglophone modernism that disrupts the literary‐critical antinomy between “national” and “transnational” aesthetic and ideological values. Describing how poets make “synthetic vernacular” poems out of a disordered medley of formal and linguistic parts, this book explains how poetic modernism is shaped by the incompletely globalized nature of twentieth‐century history, in which the nation‐state's status as a primary mediator of cultural and political identity comes under unprecedented pressure but does not break.Less
This book explores what happens when poets identify vernacular language with the spirit of transnational modernity. It asks whether vernacular poetries are doomed to be provincial or implicitly xenophobic. And it explains how modernist poets created new “synthetic vernacular” discourses in order to reimagine the relations among people, their languages, and the communities in which they live. This book begins with introductory chapters on the formal, literary‐historical, and ideological implications of “synthetic vernacular” writing. It then offers five case studies of Scottish, English, Caribbean, African‐American, and Anglo‐American poetries from the high modernist period through the 1990s. It combines discussions of critical theory and political history with extended analysis of poems by Hugh MacDiarmid, Basil Bunting, Kamau Brathwaite and T. S. Eliot, Melvin B. Tolson and Harryette Mullen, and Mina Loy. In doing so, it produces a new interpretation of Anglophone modernism that disrupts the literary‐critical antinomy between “national” and “transnational” aesthetic and ideological values. Describing how poets make “synthetic vernacular” poems out of a disordered medley of formal and linguistic parts, this book explains how poetic modernism is shaped by the incompletely globalized nature of twentieth‐century history, in which the nation‐state's status as a primary mediator of cultural and political identity comes under unprecedented pressure but does not break.
Lydia Goehr
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198235415
- eISBN:
- 9780191597503
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198235410.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
What is the difference between a performance of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony and the symphony itself? What does it mean for musicians to be faithful to the works they perform? To answer such questions, ...
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What is the difference between a performance of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony and the symphony itself? What does it mean for musicians to be faithful to the works they perform? To answer such questions, Lydia Goehr combines philosophical and historical methods of enquiry. Finding Anglo‐American philosophy inadequate for the task, she shows that a historical perspective is indispensable to a full understanding of musical ontology. Goehr examines the concepts and assumptions behind the practice of classical music in the nineteenth century and demonstrates how different they were from those of previous centuries. She rejects the finding that the concept of a musical work emerged in the sixteenth century, placing its emergence instead around 1800. She describes how the concept of a work then came to define the norms, expectations, and behaviour that we now associate with classical music. Out of the historical thesis, Goehr draws conclusions about the normative functions of concepts and ideals. She also addresses current debates amongst conductors, early‐music performers, and avant‐gardists.Less
What is the difference between a performance of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony and the symphony itself? What does it mean for musicians to be faithful to the works they perform? To answer such questions, Lydia Goehr combines philosophical and historical methods of enquiry. Finding Anglo‐American philosophy inadequate for the task, she shows that a historical perspective is indispensable to a full understanding of musical ontology. Goehr examines the concepts and assumptions behind the practice of classical music in the nineteenth century and demonstrates how different they were from those of previous centuries. She rejects the finding that the concept of a musical work emerged in the sixteenth century, placing its emergence instead around 1800. She describes how the concept of a work then came to define the norms, expectations, and behaviour that we now associate with classical music. Out of the historical thesis, Goehr draws conclusions about the normative functions of concepts and ideals. She also addresses current debates amongst conductors, early‐music performers, and avant‐gardists.
Allan Anderson, Michael Bergunder, André Droogers, and Cornelis van der Laan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520266612
- eISBN:
- 9780520947504
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520266612.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
This chapter compares methodological developments in general historical research with some interpretive approaches to Pentecostal history. Writing history is described as accurate research of ...
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This chapter compares methodological developments in general historical research with some interpretive approaches to Pentecostal history. Writing history is described as accurate research of relevant events and facts in order to arrive at coherent conclusions and interpretations concerning the past that will be of use for the present. Revivalist movements always arise in an historical context and as a rule are reactions against the status quo in church or society. This calls for a global study of the historical context, including its religious, social, and cultural life. Writing from a global perspective provides a helicopter view. It enables us to make comparative studies, but it should not cause us to neglect valuable local and national research. As a national history is founded in the local and regional history, so the global perspective must be founded on thorough national and continental studies.Less
This chapter compares methodological developments in general historical research with some interpretive approaches to Pentecostal history. Writing history is described as accurate research of relevant events and facts in order to arrive at coherent conclusions and interpretations concerning the past that will be of use for the present. Revivalist movements always arise in an historical context and as a rule are reactions against the status quo in church or society. This calls for a global study of the historical context, including its religious, social, and cultural life. Writing from a global perspective provides a helicopter view. It enables us to make comparative studies, but it should not cause us to neglect valuable local and national research. As a national history is founded in the local and regional history, so the global perspective must be founded on thorough national and continental studies.
Lydia Goehr
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198235415
- eISBN:
- 9780191597503
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198235410.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
Identifies the philosophical content of the claim that the work concept began to regulate musical practice at a particular point in history. The ontological picture presupposed by the historical ...
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Identifies the philosophical content of the claim that the work concept began to regulate musical practice at a particular point in history. The ontological picture presupposed by the historical investigation of the musical work is made explicit: rather than treating the work as an object, the investigation asks what sort of a concept the work concept is. Five claims are made about the concept of a musical work. (1) It is an open concept with original and derivative employment. (2) It is correlated to the ideals of a practice. (3) It is a regulative concept. (4) It is projective. (5) It is an emergent concept. It is argued that the work concept came to regulate musical practice around 1800, that music came at this time centrally or predominantly to be packaged in terms of works. The claim entails neither that the work concept is inappropriately applied to productions of music prior to 1800 nor that the concept has remained fixed since 1800.Less
Identifies the philosophical content of the claim that the work concept began to regulate musical practice at a particular point in history. The ontological picture presupposed by the historical investigation of the musical work is made explicit: rather than treating the work as an object, the investigation asks what sort of a concept the work concept is. Five claims are made about the concept of a musical work. (1) It is an open concept with original and derivative employment. (2) It is correlated to the ideals of a practice. (3) It is a regulative concept. (4) It is projective. (5) It is an emergent concept. It is argued that the work concept came to regulate musical practice around 1800, that music came at this time centrally or predominantly to be packaged in terms of works. The claim entails neither that the work concept is inappropriately applied to productions of music prior to 1800 nor that the concept has remained fixed since 1800.
Ateş Altınordu
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199938629
- eISBN:
- 9780199980758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199938629.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter argues that comparative-historical approaches to sociology promise to make distinctive contributions to the project of de-centering and re-centering the sociology of religion presented ...
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This chapter argues that comparative-historical approaches to sociology promise to make distinctive contributions to the project of de-centering and re-centering the sociology of religion presented in the introduction to this volume. Through a detailed review of some recent studies, this chapter argues that an innovative strand of cross-religious and cross-regional comparative work is especially conducive to the furthering of this agenda. The chapter is organized as follows. It begins with a discussion of the past and potential future contributions of comparative-historical research. The second section briefly takes stock of some of the recent literature at the intersection of comparative-historical sociology and the sociology of religion and discusses how “the religious factor” is pinned down in these works. The third and final section highlight cross-religious and cross-regional historical comparisons as a promising avenue of research for the new sociology of religion, and discusses in detail three cross-religious comparative studies on religious parties to demonstrate the advantages of this research agenda.Less
This chapter argues that comparative-historical approaches to sociology promise to make distinctive contributions to the project of de-centering and re-centering the sociology of religion presented in the introduction to this volume. Through a detailed review of some recent studies, this chapter argues that an innovative strand of cross-religious and cross-regional comparative work is especially conducive to the furthering of this agenda. The chapter is organized as follows. It begins with a discussion of the past and potential future contributions of comparative-historical research. The second section briefly takes stock of some of the recent literature at the intersection of comparative-historical sociology and the sociology of religion and discusses how “the religious factor” is pinned down in these works. The third and final section highlight cross-religious and cross-regional historical comparisons as a promising avenue of research for the new sociology of religion, and discusses in detail three cross-religious comparative studies on religious parties to demonstrate the advantages of this research agenda.
Daniela Piattelli and Bernard S. Jackson
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198262626
- eISBN:
- 9780191682360
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198262626.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
The Second Temple period covers the legal system from the period in which the Judaean community under Nehemia and Ezra were able to restore the operations of various institutions that were authorized ...
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The Second Temple period covers the legal system from the period in which the Judaean community under Nehemia and Ezra were able to restore the operations of various institutions that were authorized by the Persians, to the downfall of the initial revolt against Rome in 70 C.E. and the destruction of the Temple. This chapter demonstrates how this period underwent a wide range of approaches, since cultural environments varied greatly between the Palestine and Hellenized communities of Egypt; between the Palestines and the Pharisees, Sadducees, and other entities who seeked to achieve Jewish political hegemony; and between those who attempted to veer away from the then dominant rule in Jerusalem. As the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls played no small part in determining the legal developments in this period, this chapter shows that the law could be defined by the following approaches: Second Commonwealth halakhah; a pluralistic and historical approach; and the positivistic approach, which looks into the rise of formal institutional sources.Less
The Second Temple period covers the legal system from the period in which the Judaean community under Nehemia and Ezra were able to restore the operations of various institutions that were authorized by the Persians, to the downfall of the initial revolt against Rome in 70 C.E. and the destruction of the Temple. This chapter demonstrates how this period underwent a wide range of approaches, since cultural environments varied greatly between the Palestine and Hellenized communities of Egypt; between the Palestines and the Pharisees, Sadducees, and other entities who seeked to achieve Jewish political hegemony; and between those who attempted to veer away from the then dominant rule in Jerusalem. As the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls played no small part in determining the legal developments in this period, this chapter shows that the law could be defined by the following approaches: Second Commonwealth halakhah; a pluralistic and historical approach; and the positivistic approach, which looks into the rise of formal institutional sources.
Monica Dall’asta and Jane M. Gaines
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252039683
- eISBN:
- 9780252097775
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252039683.003.0002
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This prologue examines overarching issues about women's film history, feminism, and the researching and writing of film history. Foregrounding historiographic problems, it explores the researching ...
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This prologue examines overarching issues about women's film history, feminism, and the researching and writing of film history. Foregrounding historiographic problems, it explores the researching and writing about women “in” and “as” “history” in the cinema century by focusing on the critical-historical approach, which deals with the problem of “the history of history” —the approach used to expose the never-neutral amnesias of traditional historiography and to counter its claim to objectivity with the inevitability of its “fictions.” The chapter discusses the concept of becoming historical others and highlights the impossibility of history's history by drawing on the case of Elvira Giallanella, an Italian director and producer never mentioned in previous accounts of Italian silent cinema but who suddenly made her way into feminist historiography after a 35mm print of her 1919 antiwar film Umanità was discovered in 2007.Less
This prologue examines overarching issues about women's film history, feminism, and the researching and writing of film history. Foregrounding historiographic problems, it explores the researching and writing about women “in” and “as” “history” in the cinema century by focusing on the critical-historical approach, which deals with the problem of “the history of history” —the approach used to expose the never-neutral amnesias of traditional historiography and to counter its claim to objectivity with the inevitability of its “fictions.” The chapter discusses the concept of becoming historical others and highlights the impossibility of history's history by drawing on the case of Elvira Giallanella, an Italian director and producer never mentioned in previous accounts of Italian silent cinema but who suddenly made her way into feminist historiography after a 35mm print of her 1919 antiwar film Umanità was discovered in 2007.
Ruth Wodak
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- June 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198703082
- eISBN:
- 9780191772443
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198703082.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
This chapter discusses salient concepts of Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) in respect of analyzing organizational communication and discourse with a focus on decision-making. More specifically, this ...
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This chapter discusses salient concepts of Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) in respect of analyzing organizational communication and discourse with a focus on decision-making. More specifically, this chapter juxtaposes Process Theory with the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) in CDS. The chapter claims that these two approaches complement each other well and that systematic linguistic analysis could contribute to a more macro-oriented process approach. Some key patterns of interaction in meetings and some discursive strategies which are highly influential in decision-making are illustrated while drawing on the range of meeting data from EU organizations from ethnography and fieldwork. Finally, in the conclusion, the salient implications of such an integrated approach are discussed.Less
This chapter discusses salient concepts of Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) in respect of analyzing organizational communication and discourse with a focus on decision-making. More specifically, this chapter juxtaposes Process Theory with the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) in CDS. The chapter claims that these two approaches complement each other well and that systematic linguistic analysis could contribute to a more macro-oriented process approach. Some key patterns of interaction in meetings and some discursive strategies which are highly influential in decision-making are illustrated while drawing on the range of meeting data from EU organizations from ethnography and fieldwork. Finally, in the conclusion, the salient implications of such an integrated approach are discussed.
Ammon Cheskin
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780748697434
- eISBN:
- 9781474418539
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748697434.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Language Families
This chapter sets out the central theoretical frameworks that form the basis of this study. The concept of discourse is firstly enumerated with an explanation of why this concept is potentially so ...
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This chapter sets out the central theoretical frameworks that form the basis of this study. The concept of discourse is firstly enumerated with an explanation of why this concept is potentially so fruitful for a study of Russian-speaking identities in contemporary Latvia. Specific attention is paid to the question of how and why discourses change over time and the implications of these changes. This section also highlights the link between memory and national identity formation. Drawing on the work of a number of memory scholars, it is argued that memories can form an important link between the past and the present and that memories can possess power to create strong group identities.Centrally important to this research is a discourse-historical approach to studying discourse. Consequently, this chapter provides a set of theoretical, conceptual, and methodological justifications for this approach. It is argued that contemporary discourses should not be studied in isolation. Instead they should be contextualised by analysis of their temporality and how they evolve through time.Less
This chapter sets out the central theoretical frameworks that form the basis of this study. The concept of discourse is firstly enumerated with an explanation of why this concept is potentially so fruitful for a study of Russian-speaking identities in contemporary Latvia. Specific attention is paid to the question of how and why discourses change over time and the implications of these changes. This section also highlights the link between memory and national identity formation. Drawing on the work of a number of memory scholars, it is argued that memories can form an important link between the past and the present and that memories can possess power to create strong group identities.Centrally important to this research is a discourse-historical approach to studying discourse. Consequently, this chapter provides a set of theoretical, conceptual, and methodological justifications for this approach. It is argued that contemporary discourses should not be studied in isolation. Instead they should be contextualised by analysis of their temporality and how they evolve through time.
