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The Hispanization of Filipino Music

D. R. M. Irving

in Colonial Counterpoint: Music in Early Modern Manila

This chapter examines how “hispanization” or transculturation transformed Filipino music in the early modern period, through the absorption and adaptation of certain elements of Hispanic musical ... More

This chapter examines how “hispanization” or transculturation transformed Filipino music in the early modern period, through the absorption and adaptation of certain elements of Hispanic musical practice. It treats linguistic aspects of transcultural musical pedagogy, and demonstrates the usefulness of vocabularios of Filipino languages in tracing the historical trajectory of musical change. Hispanization in the metropolis is contrasted with its equivalent in the provinces, and the vital role of indigenous teachers as disseminators of hispanized musical practices is discussed. The chapter critiques early modern ideas about the utilitarian role of music as a colonial weapon, in terms of the intended “pacification” and urbanization of indigenous populations, and their conversion to Christianity. It considers the contribution of Jesuit “cultural accommodation” to the hispanization of Filipino music, and also explains the principal reasons for the decline and eventual disuse of many prehispanic musical practices.Less

. Balboa Meets Anayansi, 1934

Peter Szok

in Wolf Tracks: Popular Art and Re-Africanization in Twentieth-Century Panama

This chapter presents a reading of Octavio Méndez Pereira’s novel, Núñez de Balboa, el tesoro de Dabaibe (1934), which presents itself as a history and not as a fictionalized account of the Spanish ... More

This chapter presents a reading of Octavio Méndez Pereira’s novel, Núñez de Balboa, el tesoro de Dabaibe (1934), which presents itself as a history and not as a fictionalized account of the Spanish settlement. Méndez Pereira relates the colony from a present-day perspective, with the effect of converting Balboa into a Panamanian and of linking the republic to the Hispanization of America. Balboa and the indigenous princess, Anayansi, are the narrative’s main characters, and the eroticism and romance that bond them and other couples provide the reader with a sense of a homogenous nation with a stable and benevolent male leadership.Less

The Lingering Lake and Archipelagic Hispanization

Rainer F. Buschmann, Edward R. Slack, and James B. Tueller

in Navigating the Spanish Lake: The Pacific in the Iberian World, 1521-1898

This epilogue examines the nineteenth-century decline of Spanish influence against the backdrop of rival European and upstart American imperial ambitions in the Pacific. It discusses the death of the ... More

This epilogue examines the nineteenth-century decline of Spanish influence against the backdrop of rival European and upstart American imperial ambitions in the Pacific. It discusses the death of the conceptual Spanish Lake alongside the literal one with the diplomatic surrender to Germany and the United States. It also reflects upon the legacies of archipelagic Hispanization into the twenty-first century. It argues that the middle ground between competing cultural influences was the greatest among myriad reasons why the Spanish regime's ambitious program of cultural integration was only partially implemented in the Philippines. However, a successful example of Castilian assimilation was the conversion of most of the islands' inhabitants to Iberian Catholicism.Less

Introduction

in Labor and Love in Guatemala: The Eve of Independence

This introductory chapter presents an overview of the discussions in the present volume. It sets out the book's purpose—to explore the processes of hispanization and the shift to free labor, showing ... More

This introductory chapter presents an overview of the discussions in the present volume. It sets out the book's purpose—to explore the processes of hispanization and the shift to free labor, showing that they were rooted in the gendered contours of work, migration, and families. The research presented focuses on ordinary individuals and families in Guatemala in the late colonial period, from the 1760s to 1821. By looking at specific lives, we can see more clearly the mechanisms that drove the broad historical changes. The book also seeks to illuminate the functions of states (both colonial and native) by linking them to their social contexts at two levels: first, by considering ways in which individuals, especially nonelites, experienced and deployed state authority; and second, by illustrating the roles played by states—and the limits of their influence—in shaping the broad social history of labor forms, ethnic constructions, and gender relations.Less

Broken Rules in Love and Marriage: Households, Gender, and Sexuality

in Labor and Love in Guatemala: The Eve of Independence

This chapter links the historical trajectory of hispanization with an analysis of gender relations and sexuality. A view of gender relations and sexuality is crucial for explaining shifts in racial ... More

This chapter links the historical trajectory of hispanization with an analysis of gender relations and sexuality. A view of gender relations and sexuality is crucial for explaining shifts in racial and ethnic categories because, as noted by historians, race is embedded in gender; persistence of racial categories depends on patterns of reproduction, which are shaped by gender relations. The chapter focuses largely on the capital city, the colony's hub of hispanization. It shows that the numbers of women heading households in the late colonial capital contrasted sharply with Spanish patriarchal ideals. Indeed, various aspects of gender relations in late colonial Guatemala assumed forms not anticipated in Spanish literature and laws.Less

Conclusion

in Labor and Love in Guatemala: The Eve of Independence

This chapter summarizes the discussions from the preceding chapters. The book illustrated the broad processes of social change by analyzing labor forms on the eve of independence. In Guatemala, ... More

This chapter summarizes the discussions from the preceding chapters. The book illustrated the broad processes of social change by analyzing labor forms on the eve of independence. In Guatemala, bilingual Indians increasingly began to contract their labor through direct arrangements with their Spanish-speaking employers. As Indian workers' Spanish language acquisition fostered private labor contracting, work stints grew longer, and women and children increasingly joined men migrating from native communities to Spanish estates. The shifts in indigenous communities, identities, languages, and labor forms were part of an even wider scenario of social changes. Not only bilingual Indians but also hispanized people of African descent were increasingly working as free laborers. By the late colonial era, the growing integration of Afro-Guatemalans into Hispanic society had eroded the viability of chattel slavery.Less