Simon Yarrow
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199283637
- eISBN:
- 9780191712685
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283637.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, History of Religion
This book offers a new approach to the study of lay religion as evidenced in collections of miracle narratives in 12th-century England. There are a number of problems associated with the ...
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This book offers a new approach to the study of lay religion as evidenced in collections of miracle narratives in 12th-century England. There are a number of problems associated with the interpretation of this hagiographical genre and an extended introduction discusses these. The first issue is the tendency to read these narratives as transparent accounts of lay religion as if it were something susceptible to static, ‘ethnographic’ treatment in isolation from wider social and political activities. The second issue is the challenge of explaining the miraculous as a credible part of cultural experience, without appealing to reductionist notions of a ‘medieval mindset’. The third issue is the problem of how to take full account of the fact that these sources are representations of lay experience by monastic authors. The author argues that miracle narratives were the product of and helped to foster lay notions of Christian practice and identity centred on the spiritual patronage of certain enshrined saints. The six main chapters provide fully contextualized studies of selected miracle collections. The author looks at when these collections were made, who wrote them, the kinds of audiences they are likely to have reached, and the messages they were intended to convey. He shows how these texts served to represent specific cults in terms that articulated the values and interests of the institutions acting as custodians of the relics; and how alongside other programmes of textual production, these collections of stories can be linked to occasions of uncertainty or need in the life of these institutions. A concluding chapter argues the case for miracle collections as evidence of the attempt by traditional monasteries to reach out to the relatively affluent peasantry, and to urban communities in society, and their rural hinterlands with offers of protection and opportunities for them to express their social status with reference to tomb-centred sanctity.Less
This book offers a new approach to the study of lay religion as evidenced in collections of miracle narratives in 12th-century England. There are a number of problems associated with the interpretation of this hagiographical genre and an extended introduction discusses these. The first issue is the tendency to read these narratives as transparent accounts of lay religion as if it were something susceptible to static, ‘ethnographic’ treatment in isolation from wider social and political activities. The second issue is the challenge of explaining the miraculous as a credible part of cultural experience, without appealing to reductionist notions of a ‘medieval mindset’. The third issue is the problem of how to take full account of the fact that these sources are representations of lay experience by monastic authors. The author argues that miracle narratives were the product of and helped to foster lay notions of Christian practice and identity centred on the spiritual patronage of certain enshrined saints. The six main chapters provide fully contextualized studies of selected miracle collections. The author looks at when these collections were made, who wrote them, the kinds of audiences they are likely to have reached, and the messages they were intended to convey. He shows how these texts served to represent specific cults in terms that articulated the values and interests of the institutions acting as custodians of the relics; and how alongside other programmes of textual production, these collections of stories can be linked to occasions of uncertainty or need in the life of these institutions. A concluding chapter argues the case for miracle collections as evidence of the attempt by traditional monasteries to reach out to the relatively affluent peasantry, and to urban communities in society, and their rural hinterlands with offers of protection and opportunities for them to express their social status with reference to tomb-centred sanctity.
SARA NUR YILDIZ
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264423
- eISBN:
- 9780191734793
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264423.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter examines the initial Ottoman campaign of conquest of the Karamanid principality with the assault on Gevele, a mountain fortress lying 11 kilometres to the west of Konya, and the seizure ...
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This chapter examines the initial Ottoman campaign of conquest of the Karamanid principality with the assault on Gevele, a mountain fortress lying 11 kilometres to the west of Konya, and the seizure of Konya in 1468. It also looks at the establishment of administrative and military control of the fertile agricultural plains as well as over the rich steppe grasslands of the region's northern highlands by the Ottomans on the eve of their conquest of the Karamanid principality in order to reveal an important factor in the conquest of Karaman: Ottoman political involvement in Karamanid internal affairs before the conquest. By interfering in Karaman succession politics, the Ottomans laid the political groundwork by which they were able to establish an administrative and military presence in the hinterland of the more vulnerable stretches of Karamanid territory prior to the Ottoman military conquest.Less
This chapter examines the initial Ottoman campaign of conquest of the Karamanid principality with the assault on Gevele, a mountain fortress lying 11 kilometres to the west of Konya, and the seizure of Konya in 1468. It also looks at the establishment of administrative and military control of the fertile agricultural plains as well as over the rich steppe grasslands of the region's northern highlands by the Ottomans on the eve of their conquest of the Karamanid principality in order to reveal an important factor in the conquest of Karaman: Ottoman political involvement in Karamanid internal affairs before the conquest. By interfering in Karaman succession politics, the Ottomans laid the political groundwork by which they were able to establish an administrative and military presence in the hinterland of the more vulnerable stretches of Karamanid territory prior to the Ottoman military conquest.
IBOLYA GERELYES
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264423
- eISBN:
- 9780191734793
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264423.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
It is generally accepted in Hungarian scholarly literature that Ottoman soldiers stationed on Hungarian territory did not mix with the local Hungarian population during the Ottoman period in Hungary ...
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It is generally accepted in Hungarian scholarly literature that Ottoman soldiers stationed on Hungarian territory did not mix with the local Hungarian population during the Ottoman period in Hungary (1541–1699). However, the written historical sources attest direct contact between Ottoman garrisons and the Hungarian population. This chapter attempts to examine how the picture drawn by the historical sources can be supplemented by archaeological evidence, in particular ceramics. This can be seen in the records of shops owned by the Ottoman Treasury and in customs registers. These sources attest that craftsmen and traders settling in the wake of the soldiers and supplying them were employed in the production and sale of goods that were almost exclusively for the satisfaction of basic everyday needs.Less
It is generally accepted in Hungarian scholarly literature that Ottoman soldiers stationed on Hungarian territory did not mix with the local Hungarian population during the Ottoman period in Hungary (1541–1699). However, the written historical sources attest direct contact between Ottoman garrisons and the Hungarian population. This chapter attempts to examine how the picture drawn by the historical sources can be supplemented by archaeological evidence, in particular ceramics. This can be seen in the records of shops owned by the Ottoman Treasury and in customs registers. These sources attest that craftsmen and traders settling in the wake of the soldiers and supplying them were employed in the production and sale of goods that were almost exclusively for the satisfaction of basic everyday needs.
Tom Scott
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206446
- eISBN:
- 9780191677120
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206446.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, Economic History
Both the spread of handicrafts and of salt-chests to the countryside testify to the growing commercialization of the Upper Rhine economy in the later Middle Ages. Nowhere was this transformation more ...
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Both the spread of handicrafts and of salt-chests to the countryside testify to the growing commercialization of the Upper Rhine economy in the later Middle Ages. Nowhere was this transformation more vividly apparent than in the proliferation of village markets which challenged the autonomy of long-established urban central places, particularly when the former encroached upon the town's privileged market area or precinct. Since market franchises appertained to the regalian rights of the emperor, new foundation charters were diplomas of great significance and value to the recipient. By the same token, any infringement of market rights or precincts was a matter of legal as well as economic import, so that conflicts between town and country markets have left a substantial archival deposit. This chapter analyses village markets and informal marketing in the Upper Rhine and the proliferation of central places with overlapping hinterlands as the prime cause of competition faced by established chartered markets.Less
Both the spread of handicrafts and of salt-chests to the countryside testify to the growing commercialization of the Upper Rhine economy in the later Middle Ages. Nowhere was this transformation more vividly apparent than in the proliferation of village markets which challenged the autonomy of long-established urban central places, particularly when the former encroached upon the town's privileged market area or precinct. Since market franchises appertained to the regalian rights of the emperor, new foundation charters were diplomas of great significance and value to the recipient. By the same token, any infringement of market rights or precincts was a matter of legal as well as economic import, so that conflicts between town and country markets have left a substantial archival deposit. This chapter analyses village markets and informal marketing in the Upper Rhine and the proliferation of central places with overlapping hinterlands as the prime cause of competition faced by established chartered markets.
Justin Willis
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203209
- eISBN:
- 9780191675782
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203209.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter describes the partial transformation of the casual labour force of Mombasa involved in the development of new networks. Numbers of people from the hinterland lived and worked in Mombasa ...
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This chapter describes the partial transformation of the casual labour force of Mombasa involved in the development of new networks. Numbers of people from the hinterland lived and worked in Mombasa at this time, but they did so as Swahili, not as ‘Nyika’. In 1923, the District Commissioner for Kilifi noted that for the first time large numbers of Wanyika took part in casual work at the harbor and elsewhere in Mombasa. In 1925, the District Commissioner for Digo noted that Waduruma were working much more than previously and seemed to prefer to go to Mombasa to engage in daily work. For the first time, people from the hinterland were regularly finding casual work in Mombasa as Nyika and were taking their earnings back to the homestead with them.Less
This chapter describes the partial transformation of the casual labour force of Mombasa involved in the development of new networks. Numbers of people from the hinterland lived and worked in Mombasa at this time, but they did so as Swahili, not as ‘Nyika’. In 1923, the District Commissioner for Kilifi noted that for the first time large numbers of Wanyika took part in casual work at the harbor and elsewhere in Mombasa. In 1925, the District Commissioner for Digo noted that Waduruma were working much more than previously and seemed to prefer to go to Mombasa to engage in daily work. For the first time, people from the hinterland were regularly finding casual work in Mombasa as Nyika and were taking their earnings back to the homestead with them.
Jon Stobart
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199577927
- eISBN:
- 9780191744884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577927.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Economic History
Chapter 4 examines in detail the changing geography of the retail grocery trade. At the national scale, retailing responded to shifts in the number and socio‐economic circumstances of consumers, a ...
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Chapter 4 examines in detail the changing geography of the retail grocery trade. At the national scale, retailing responded to shifts in the number and socio‐economic circumstances of consumers, a wide range of goods being made readily available by local shopkeepers and allowing the commercialisation of the household modelled by de Vries. Within towns, the distribution of grocers alongside drapers, mercers and toy shops in the principal shopping areas placed them in the vanguard of changing consumption practices. Similarly, the prominence of the grocer's shop within consumers' mental landscapes made it more influential in shaping consumer behaviour, both in terms of visiting particular premises and promoting the consumption of groceries more generally.Less
Chapter 4 examines in detail the changing geography of the retail grocery trade. At the national scale, retailing responded to shifts in the number and socio‐economic circumstances of consumers, a wide range of goods being made readily available by local shopkeepers and allowing the commercialisation of the household modelled by de Vries. Within towns, the distribution of grocers alongside drapers, mercers and toy shops in the principal shopping areas placed them in the vanguard of changing consumption practices. Similarly, the prominence of the grocer's shop within consumers' mental landscapes made it more influential in shaping consumer behaviour, both in terms of visiting particular premises and promoting the consumption of groceries more generally.
Justin Willis
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203209
- eISBN:
- 9780191675782
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203209.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter aims to gain an understanding of why movement to Mombasa was such an attractive option for some people in the early colonial period and demands an analysis of the Mombasa labour market ...
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This chapter aims to gain an understanding of why movement to Mombasa was such an attractive option for some people in the early colonial period and demands an analysis of the Mombasa labour market of the time as well as of the domestic economy of the hinterland homestead. The arrival of European planters, civil servants, the railway, and the Conservancy and Public Works Departments had created in Mombasa a demand for contracted labour: workers who had signed the legally binding contracts for the periods of three, six, or nine months. Unlike other Europeans employers, the shipping and shorehandling companies employed their labour on a casual basis, paying them at the end of each day. The demand for labour fluctuated from day to day, and the many small employers involved here were mostly Indians, Arabs, and Swahili.Less
This chapter aims to gain an understanding of why movement to Mombasa was such an attractive option for some people in the early colonial period and demands an analysis of the Mombasa labour market of the time as well as of the domestic economy of the hinterland homestead. The arrival of European planters, civil servants, the railway, and the Conservancy and Public Works Departments had created in Mombasa a demand for contracted labour: workers who had signed the legally binding contracts for the periods of three, six, or nine months. Unlike other Europeans employers, the shipping and shorehandling companies employed their labour on a casual basis, paying them at the end of each day. The demand for labour fluctuated from day to day, and the many small employers involved here were mostly Indians, Arabs, and Swahili.
Justin Willis
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203209
- eISBN:
- 9780191675782
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203209.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter describes how the government controlled trade. Government interference in the trade networks of the coast took two distinct forms. The first was through an attempt to limit participation ...
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This chapter describes how the government controlled trade. Government interference in the trade networks of the coast took two distinct forms. The first was through an attempt to limit participation in certain small-scale trades, notably that of palm wine, which were partly bound up with the clientship networks of Mombasa. The second form of government interference was through an attempt to destroy the influence of Arab and Swahili traders in the hinterland. The Palm Wine Regulations of 1900 were first introduced as a revenue-raising measure. By 1906, palm wine was associated with the shortage of labour on the coast and with the corrupting influence of Mombasa. Effective controls on the trade began after the 1912 labour commission had made a report. The District commissioner sought to fix and limit the trade by giving licences only to those who had permanent premises from which they can sell their wine.Less
This chapter describes how the government controlled trade. Government interference in the trade networks of the coast took two distinct forms. The first was through an attempt to limit participation in certain small-scale trades, notably that of palm wine, which were partly bound up with the clientship networks of Mombasa. The second form of government interference was through an attempt to destroy the influence of Arab and Swahili traders in the hinterland. The Palm Wine Regulations of 1900 were first introduced as a revenue-raising measure. By 1906, palm wine was associated with the shortage of labour on the coast and with the corrupting influence of Mombasa. Effective controls on the trade began after the 1912 labour commission had made a report. The District commissioner sought to fix and limit the trade by giving licences only to those who had permanent premises from which they can sell their wine.
Justin Willis
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203209
- eISBN:
- 9780191675782
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203209.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter describes what efforts were made to reshape the town of Mombasa through town planning by the administration. In Mombasa, the authorities sought to remake urban physical space in order to ...
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This chapter describes what efforts were made to reshape the town of Mombasa through town planning by the administration. In Mombasa, the authorities sought to remake urban physical space in order to change the social relationships. Official discourse around the planning of the town invoked an imagery of moral and physical contamination, which emphasized the importance of establishing proper boundaries and preventing the incorporation of even more migrants into the Swahili population. But the implementation of these plans in the town was considerably delayed. While serious planning had begun under Hobley in 1913, the remaking of the town began only in the later 1920s, and came some time after the peak of attempts to enforce the policies of separation in the hinterland.Less
This chapter describes what efforts were made to reshape the town of Mombasa through town planning by the administration. In Mombasa, the authorities sought to remake urban physical space in order to change the social relationships. Official discourse around the planning of the town invoked an imagery of moral and physical contamination, which emphasized the importance of establishing proper boundaries and preventing the incorporation of even more migrants into the Swahili population. But the implementation of these plans in the town was considerably delayed. While serious planning had begun under Hobley in 1913, the remaking of the town began only in the later 1920s, and came some time after the peak of attempts to enforce the policies of separation in the hinterland.
Renato Rosaldo
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520227477
- eISBN:
- 9780520935693
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520227477.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This book brings the state into clear focus by asking how it constructs hinterland ethnic groups and, thereby, simultaneously excludes them from full citizenship, also exploring how members of such ...
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This book brings the state into clear focus by asking how it constructs hinterland ethnic groups and, thereby, simultaneously excludes them from full citizenship, also exploring how members of such ethnic groups embrace, challenge, and transform imposed definitions in a world ordered in part by state ideologies and policies. This chapter argues that the notion of cultural citizenship concentrates on the viewpoint of ethnic minorities and asks how they conceive of first-class citizenship. At the same time, the concept of cultural citizenship leads analysts to explore how hinterland groups perceive the social character of metropolitan groups. By shifting one's analytical point of view and moving from the vantage points of state centers to those of peripheral groups, new understandings of nationalism and civic culture come to the fore, illuminating the political and moral dilemmas that confront Island Southeast Asia's multiethnic nations and their hinterland minorities.Less
This book brings the state into clear focus by asking how it constructs hinterland ethnic groups and, thereby, simultaneously excludes them from full citizenship, also exploring how members of such ethnic groups embrace, challenge, and transform imposed definitions in a world ordered in part by state ideologies and policies. This chapter argues that the notion of cultural citizenship concentrates on the viewpoint of ethnic minorities and asks how they conceive of first-class citizenship. At the same time, the concept of cultural citizenship leads analysts to explore how hinterland groups perceive the social character of metropolitan groups. By shifting one's analytical point of view and moving from the vantage points of state centers to those of peripheral groups, new understandings of nationalism and civic culture come to the fore, illuminating the political and moral dilemmas that confront Island Southeast Asia's multiethnic nations and their hinterland minorities.
Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520227477
- eISBN:
- 9780520935693
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520227477.003.0007
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
Studying the hinterlands of Kalimantan, Indonesia, this chapter speaks of the hinterland reception of metropolitan news broadcasts. In tacking between a sketch of the metropolitan news and a more ...
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Studying the hinterlands of Kalimantan, Indonesia, this chapter speaks of the hinterland reception of metropolitan news broadcasts. In tacking between a sketch of the metropolitan news and a more detailed portrait of its reception in Kalimantan during the late New Order period, it argues that the news is understood in the provinces in ways that its metropolitan broadcasters do not imagine. The news is key to issues of cultural citizenship in that it provides the information needed to participate in public groups concerned with political issues. The news-making process draws lines of difference and exclusion; it creates interpretive disjunctions and political asymmetries along lines of ethnicity, class, language, urbanity, gender, and generation.Less
Studying the hinterlands of Kalimantan, Indonesia, this chapter speaks of the hinterland reception of metropolitan news broadcasts. In tacking between a sketch of the metropolitan news and a more detailed portrait of its reception in Kalimantan during the late New Order period, it argues that the news is understood in the provinces in ways that its metropolitan broadcasters do not imagine. The news is key to issues of cultural citizenship in that it provides the information needed to participate in public groups concerned with political issues. The news-making process draws lines of difference and exclusion; it creates interpretive disjunctions and political asymmetries along lines of ethnicity, class, language, urbanity, gender, and generation.
Samson A. Bezabeh
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789774167294
- eISBN:
- 9781617976797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167294.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter examines how the mobility of Yemenis during the first half of the twentieth century was structured in three spaces; namely the sea, port spaces, and the hinterland. To dispel the myth of ...
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This chapter examines how the mobility of Yemenis during the first half of the twentieth century was structured in three spaces; namely the sea, port spaces, and the hinterland. To dispel the myth of free travel, and also not to create a false dichotomy between a precolonial period marked by the free movement of people and a colonial period marked by increased control, this chapter first looks at the structures of control used to regulate the movement of people in the precolonial period. It then provides a brief account of precolonial regulatory mechanisms, before looking at Yemeni interactions with this process under the influence of state/empire, beginning from the end of the nineteenth century.Less
This chapter examines how the mobility of Yemenis during the first half of the twentieth century was structured in three spaces; namely the sea, port spaces, and the hinterland. To dispel the myth of free travel, and also not to create a false dichotomy between a precolonial period marked by the free movement of people and a colonial period marked by increased control, this chapter first looks at the structures of control used to regulate the movement of people in the precolonial period. It then provides a brief account of precolonial regulatory mechanisms, before looking at Yemeni interactions with this process under the influence of state/empire, beginning from the end of the nineteenth century.
Alison Rowlands
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719052590
- eISBN:
- 9781781700167
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719052590.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter analyses the first Rothenburg case involving a self-confessed child-witch from 1587 and explains why the councilors found such cases hard to deal with and what precedents this case set ...
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This chapter analyses the first Rothenburg case involving a self-confessed child-witch from 1587 and explains why the councilors found such cases hard to deal with and what precedents this case set for the future. The case involves a six-year-old boy called Hans Gackstatt from the hinterland village of Hilgartshausen, who tells a tale of nocturnal flight to a witches' dance, which starts an investigation of dubious legality and physical severity against his mother and himself from which other inhabitants of the village were not initially entirely safe. This case became the precursor of an increasing number of particularly problematic trials involving self-confessed child-witches dealt with by the councilors and their advisers in the seventeenth century. Their engagement with these cases had the long-term effect of deepening their concern about witchcraft and of intensifying their hostility towards what they increasingly came to regard as the archetypal witch-figure: the bad mother.Less
This chapter analyses the first Rothenburg case involving a self-confessed child-witch from 1587 and explains why the councilors found such cases hard to deal with and what precedents this case set for the future. The case involves a six-year-old boy called Hans Gackstatt from the hinterland village of Hilgartshausen, who tells a tale of nocturnal flight to a witches' dance, which starts an investigation of dubious legality and physical severity against his mother and himself from which other inhabitants of the village were not initially entirely safe. This case became the precursor of an increasing number of particularly problematic trials involving self-confessed child-witches dealt with by the councilors and their advisers in the seventeenth century. Their engagement with these cases had the long-term effect of deepening their concern about witchcraft and of intensifying their hostility towards what they increasingly came to regard as the archetypal witch-figure: the bad mother.
Timothy Power
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9789774165443
- eISBN:
- 9781617971372
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774165443.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter examines the formation of Late Antiquity in the Red Sea, including the rise of hitherto peripheral peoples and the spread of monotheism. The commerce and communications of the Late Roman ...
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This chapter examines the formation of Late Antiquity in the Red Sea, including the rise of hitherto peripheral peoples and the spread of monotheism. The commerce and communications of the Late Roman Red Sea are then examined, discussing the northern (Egypt & Palestine) and southern (Ethiopia & Yemen) ports and hinterlands, with a particular focus on the Egyptian emporium of Berenike. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the development of commerce and communications in the Graeco-Roman period.Less
This chapter examines the formation of Late Antiquity in the Red Sea, including the rise of hitherto peripheral peoples and the spread of monotheism. The commerce and communications of the Late Roman Red Sea are then examined, discussing the northern (Egypt & Palestine) and southern (Ethiopia & Yemen) ports and hinterlands, with a particular focus on the Egyptian emporium of Berenike. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the development of commerce and communications in the Graeco-Roman period.
Vibert C. Cambridge
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628460117
- eISBN:
- 9781626746480
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628460117.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter explains how five governors ruled British Guiana between 1900 and 1920, and how the responses of these proconsuls to the colony's complex set of challenges influenced Guyana's economic, ...
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This chapter explains how five governors ruled British Guiana between 1900 and 1920, and how the responses of these proconsuls to the colony's complex set of challenges influenced Guyana's economic, political, social, and cultural life—including its musical life—for the majority of the twentieth century. These challenges had international and domestic dimensions. On the international level, the governors had to respond to the demands of Britain's policy of new imperialism. On the domestic front, the governors faced demands of opening up the hinterland as a strategy for diversifying the economy. The chapter also shows how the colony's urban soundtrack during this period involved multiple styles and several musical communities. However, despite this diversity, the governance practices of the colony state ensured that these musical aesthetics reflected the ideology of the ruling class and its allies.Less
This chapter explains how five governors ruled British Guiana between 1900 and 1920, and how the responses of these proconsuls to the colony's complex set of challenges influenced Guyana's economic, political, social, and cultural life—including its musical life—for the majority of the twentieth century. These challenges had international and domestic dimensions. On the international level, the governors had to respond to the demands of Britain's policy of new imperialism. On the domestic front, the governors faced demands of opening up the hinterland as a strategy for diversifying the economy. The chapter also shows how the colony's urban soundtrack during this period involved multiple styles and several musical communities. However, despite this diversity, the governance practices of the colony state ensured that these musical aesthetics reflected the ideology of the ruling class and its allies.
William C. Summers
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300183191
- eISBN:
- 9780300184761
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300183191.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines how plague affected the three major cities, each with a different culture and background, as well as the intervening hinterlands. At the beginning of the epidemic, the Russian ...
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This chapter examines how plague affected the three major cities, each with a different culture and background, as well as the intervening hinterlands. At the beginning of the epidemic, the Russian presence in Manchouli consisted of nine physicians, twenty-six assistants, seventy-six nurses, and other health workers. As early as September 1910, there were rumors of a blood-spitting disease among the marmot hunters in the area around Manchouli, and on Tuesday, 25 October, 1910 Russian doctors in Manchouli examined two Chinese with inflammation of the lungs; during that night, one patient died. The chapter reveals that as the epidemic spread along the new railroads of Manchuria, it encountered first the Russian city of Harbin, next the Chinese city of Mukden, and finally, the Japanese city of Dairen.Less
This chapter examines how plague affected the three major cities, each with a different culture and background, as well as the intervening hinterlands. At the beginning of the epidemic, the Russian presence in Manchouli consisted of nine physicians, twenty-six assistants, seventy-six nurses, and other health workers. As early as September 1910, there were rumors of a blood-spitting disease among the marmot hunters in the area around Manchouli, and on Tuesday, 25 October, 1910 Russian doctors in Manchouli examined two Chinese with inflammation of the lungs; during that night, one patient died. The chapter reveals that as the epidemic spread along the new railroads of Manchuria, it encountered first the Russian city of Harbin, next the Chinese city of Mukden, and finally, the Japanese city of Dairen.
Alexander Prusin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041068
- eISBN:
- 9780252099618
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252041068.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Examines German rule imposed on Serbia after the collapse in Yugoslavia in April 1941. Obsessed with the preparation for the war against the Soviet Union, Hitler relegated Serbia to a source-depot of ...
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Examines German rule imposed on Serbia after the collapse in Yugoslavia in April 1941. Obsessed with the preparation for the war against the Soviet Union, Hitler relegated Serbia to a source-depot of food supplies and raw materials within the Third Reich’s political-economic space. As a hinterland for the German forces in the Balkans, Serbia became a “state of emergency,” whereby the system of governing was simplified to the direct chain of command from top to bottom for the purpose of fulfilling specific tasks. Initially, the April catastrophe facilitated the image of Germany as an invincible military power and seemingly extinguished popular will to resistance.Less
Examines German rule imposed on Serbia after the collapse in Yugoslavia in April 1941. Obsessed with the preparation for the war against the Soviet Union, Hitler relegated Serbia to a source-depot of food supplies and raw materials within the Third Reich’s political-economic space. As a hinterland for the German forces in the Balkans, Serbia became a “state of emergency,” whereby the system of governing was simplified to the direct chain of command from top to bottom for the purpose of fulfilling specific tasks. Initially, the April catastrophe facilitated the image of Germany as an invincible military power and seemingly extinguished popular will to resistance.
Lianfen Yang
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789888390892
- eISBN:
- 9789888455003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888390892.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Hinterland (Fudi), written between 1943 and 1944 by Wang Lin, was the first novel to depict the resistance of the Chinese Communist Party against the Japanese invasion. The first edition of this ...
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Hinterland (Fudi), written between 1943 and 1944 by Wang Lin, was the first novel to depict the resistance of the Chinese Communist Party against the Japanese invasion. The first edition of this novel came out in 1950, but was soon banned after being criticized for violating Mao Zedong’s 1942 “Talks at the Yan’an Forum”. The second edition, which went through a thirty-year revision by the author and was published in 1985, received only a lukewarm reception from the post-Mao-era readership, precisely because of its author’s faithful response to Mao’s “Yan’an Talks” and the embodiment of the principle of “three prominences” in the novel. Through a comparative study of the two editions of Hinterland, this chapter investigates the difficult process -- and paradoxical nature -- of the creation of a “Red Classic” work. It demonstrates how in socialist China, literary criticism discursively framed by “historical materialism”, exercised political power within revolutionary “dialectic” logics as well as demonstrating a genuine capacity to shape the mindset of a writer.Less
Hinterland (Fudi), written between 1943 and 1944 by Wang Lin, was the first novel to depict the resistance of the Chinese Communist Party against the Japanese invasion. The first edition of this novel came out in 1950, but was soon banned after being criticized for violating Mao Zedong’s 1942 “Talks at the Yan’an Forum”. The second edition, which went through a thirty-year revision by the author and was published in 1985, received only a lukewarm reception from the post-Mao-era readership, precisely because of its author’s faithful response to Mao’s “Yan’an Talks” and the embodiment of the principle of “three prominences” in the novel. Through a comparative study of the two editions of Hinterland, this chapter investigates the difficult process -- and paradoxical nature -- of the creation of a “Red Classic” work. It demonstrates how in socialist China, literary criticism discursively framed by “historical materialism”, exercised political power within revolutionary “dialectic” logics as well as demonstrating a genuine capacity to shape the mindset of a writer.
Tiffiny A. Tung
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813037677
- eISBN:
- 9780813042183
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813037677.003.0002
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
This chapter presents the theoretical background that informs its research, and discusses, generally, how the political organization of states and empires can structure health outcomes. For example, ...
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This chapter presents the theoretical background that informs its research, and discusses, generally, how the political organization of states and empires can structure health outcomes. For example, tribute demands in foodstuffs by imperial elites may negatively impact the nutritional status of tribute communities, and the promotion of violence as a tool for imperial expansion may lead to increased injuries and premature death, as well as the creation of a military class. The author discusses how individuals and communities may affect imperial policies and practices, arguing that the path of influence is not solely top-down, but that the practices and their biocultural outcomes are mediated. The chapter closes with an extended discussion of violence and its use in imperial agendas, and with a more general discussion of the various social contexts in which violence may emerge.Less
This chapter presents the theoretical background that informs its research, and discusses, generally, how the political organization of states and empires can structure health outcomes. For example, tribute demands in foodstuffs by imperial elites may negatively impact the nutritional status of tribute communities, and the promotion of violence as a tool for imperial expansion may lead to increased injuries and premature death, as well as the creation of a military class. The author discusses how individuals and communities may affect imperial policies and practices, arguing that the path of influence is not solely top-down, but that the practices and their biocultural outcomes are mediated. The chapter closes with an extended discussion of violence and its use in imperial agendas, and with a more general discussion of the various social contexts in which violence may emerge.
Heather F. Roller
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804787086
- eISBN:
- 9780804792127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804787086.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter and the next examine ways in which native Amazonians fulfilled their service obligations to the state while seeking social and material resources in distant places. Chapter 2 focuses on ...
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This chapter and the next examine ways in which native Amazonians fulfilled their service obligations to the state while seeking social and material resources in distant places. Chapter 2 focuses on the opportunities afforded by participation in the state-sponsored collecting expeditions, which annually departed each Directorate village for the sertão, the rivers and forests of the hinterlands. Most broadly, the chapter aims to provide a satisfactory explanation for the cases of apparently voluntary participation in the expeditions—cases that undermine the conventional view that only coercion could induce Indians to take part. Using evidence drawn from the crewmen’s own testimonies, collected upon the return of each expedition, the chapter shows how the collecting trips afforded room for independent action, fostered the expansion of social networks, and shaped the economic prospects of native Amazonians.Less
This chapter and the next examine ways in which native Amazonians fulfilled their service obligations to the state while seeking social and material resources in distant places. Chapter 2 focuses on the opportunities afforded by participation in the state-sponsored collecting expeditions, which annually departed each Directorate village for the sertão, the rivers and forests of the hinterlands. Most broadly, the chapter aims to provide a satisfactory explanation for the cases of apparently voluntary participation in the expeditions—cases that undermine the conventional view that only coercion could induce Indians to take part. Using evidence drawn from the crewmen’s own testimonies, collected upon the return of each expedition, the chapter shows how the collecting trips afforded room for independent action, fostered the expansion of social networks, and shaped the economic prospects of native Amazonians.
