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This concluding chapter employs the metaphor of the heliotrope to characterize the Chinese exotic's regional turn towards a self-conscious Asian region. It also attempts to situate the Chinese exotic in relation to the larger systems that give it meaning and value, such as the cinema, popular fiction, food, and fashion cultures, and increasingly, the intra-regional interactions constructing the modern formation of Asia.

This chapter explores the complex relationship between Cold War ecology and radiation, with particular emphasis on the solar metaphor—the heliotrope—and its byproduct, radiation, as traces of modernity, figures for alterity, and the material legacy of the militarization of the Pacific Islands. It considers the Atomic Energy Commission’s radiological surveys of the Pacific Islands and how they constituted the field of ecology. It also examines how the concepts of global ecology are intertwined with the literal fallout from the Cold War, and highlights solar and military forms of radiation as key indicators of globalization. Furthermore, the chapter likens nuclear weapons to the sun within the context of atomic discourse before concluding with a discussion of the use of natural figures of solar radiation in Pacific Island literature to articulate a heliocentric global modernity.

Joplin’s first publication after Freddie’s death was Bethena, a sad, poignant waltz. It was issued by T. Bahnsen, a piano manufacturer that published two other Joplin pieces in 1905. With Leola, published by Stark’s subsidiary American Music Syndicate, Joplin for the first time warned against playing ragtime fast. By the end of 1905, he had started on another opera. Stark moved to New York that year, opening an office a few blocks from Tin Pan Alley; his son William continued operation of the St. Louis office. Joplin lived in Chicago for part of 1906, trying to cultivate contacts with other major publishers While in Chicago, he collaborated on Heliotrope Bouquet with the extremely talented but musically illiterate, Louis Chauvin; the piece was published by Stark the following year. In 1907, before leaving for New York, Joplin also collaborated on a song with the socialist publisher F. F. Berry.

Artefact design is not neutral, but is aimed, whether consciously or not, at different categories of users, as explained in Chapter 1. This chapter will explore design intentions as they relate to different user-groups in more detail, investigating some of the ways artefacts function to construct and maintain social categories, and also how these categories may be resisted or questioned by users. Firstly, we will examine how artefact design relates to the Roman life course, through an exploration of the motifs on finger-rings and the social categories of men, women, and children. Secondly, Roman attitudes to leftand right-handedness may be examined in relation to various items. Thirdly, we will examine some particular types of boxes and their methods of opening, artefacts in which cultural knowledge potentially impacts upon the facility with the objects may be used. In each case, we will consider how the design features may include or exclude certain users and what the implications are for a wider understanding of both Roman social practice, and the role of artefacts in enacting and reproducing social norms and behaviours. Finger-rings, among other personal artefacts, are scaled to a specific part of the body, and through this feature they provide an opportunity to examine how artefacts may have been designed for particular categories of people. Users will need rings with an appropriate diameter that is large enough to fit a particular digit, yet not so large that it risks becoming lost. Finger sizes of course vary according to age and sex, and so provide an opportunity to examine objects designed specifically for women, children, and men. We will focus here on those finger-rings displaying a central motif (usually engraved, although sometimes in relief, or occurring as a modelled form), which exist in large numbers. Most are oval in shape, and they are found in a wide range of sizes, from 9 to 27mm in inner horizontal diameter. Many are gem-set rings, and the gem iconography that they display was remarkably consistent across the Roman Empire, consisting of a range of popular themes such as the principal deities and/or their attributes, personifications, mythological scenes, animals, portraits, and objects.

The neurology section of the PACES examination is often the major cause of (unnecessary!) anxiety for MRCP candidates. The key is to approach the patient in a logical fashion. Some neurology cases are simply an exercise in pattern recognition – noticing the frontal balding and ptosis of myotonic dystrophy, the distal wasting and pes cavus of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, for example. However, in those cases without obvious clues to the underlying diagnosis, a clear systematic approach will usually pay dividends. When faced with a neurological problem, the first question that should be posed is the site of the lesion. During the course of the examination, identify signs that might help in localization: • Cortex: signs of dysfunction of higher cognitive function. • Subcortical: upper motor neuron (UMN) signs (hypertonia, pyramidal pattern of weakness, hyper-reflexia, extensor plantars), slowness of thought. • Basal ganglia: cogwheel rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability, dyskinesias, dystonias. • Brainstem: cranial nerve abnormalities with contralateral UMN signs. • Cerebellum: gait ataxia, nystagmus, finger-nose ataxia, past-pointing. • Spinal cord: bilateral UMN signs, presence of a sensory level. • Nerve root: lower motor neuron (LMN) signs (wasting, weakness, hyporeflexia, sensory loss) in a myotomal or dermatomal distribution. • Single or multiple nerve/plexus: LMN signs that are focal, and are not consistent with a nerve root lesion. • Polyneuropathy: LMN signs, more pronounced distally, affecting the legs more than the hands, diminished reflexes, sensory signs. • Neuromuscular junction: weakness without sensory involvement or significant wasting, usually but not invariably proximal, which fluctuates (either with time of day or during the course of the examination). • Muscle: wasting and weakness with normal reflexes and sensation. Once the lesion has been localized, consider the disease processes that commonly affect that site. Clues may be obtained from the history, if you are permitted to ask questions. The most helpful aspect of the history is usually the speed of onset: • Seconds: electrical disturbance (i.e. epilepsy), trauma. • <5 minutes: infarction. • > 5 minutes: migraine, haemorrhage. • Minutes–hours: infection, inflammation, drugs. • Hours–days: infection, inflammation, nutritional, drugs.