Tara Acharya, Amy C. Fuller, George A. Mensah, and Derek Yach
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199574407
- eISBN:
- 9780191731204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574407.003.0104
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Part I of this chapter describes some of the activities that some food and beverage corporations routinely engage in as part of their ‘health and wellness’ strategies. Specific changes in food ...
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Part I of this chapter describes some of the activities that some food and beverage corporations routinely engage in as part of their ‘health and wellness’ strategies. Specific changes in food industry policies can favourably impact dietary practices and nutritional status, and therefore contribute to reductions in the risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic disease in both the medium and long term. These changes focus on product reformulation and the promotion of physical activity and healthy lifestyles. A case study of PepsiCo's 2010 goals and commitments is presented. Part II evaluates the food industry's tactics and potentially adverse effects on public health. Lessons from the tobacco and other industries are applied to the food industry, using material drawn from PepsiCo's proposals. The analysis suggests that food companies may be replicating several of the tactics used by tobacco companies to promote a positive image and influence research as part of an effort to reduce the prospects for public regulation and taxation.Less
Part I of this chapter describes some of the activities that some food and beverage corporations routinely engage in as part of their ‘health and wellness’ strategies. Specific changes in food industry policies can favourably impact dietary practices and nutritional status, and therefore contribute to reductions in the risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic disease in both the medium and long term. These changes focus on product reformulation and the promotion of physical activity and healthy lifestyles. A case study of PepsiCo's 2010 goals and commitments is presented. Part II evaluates the food industry's tactics and potentially adverse effects on public health. Lessons from the tobacco and other industries are applied to the food industry, using material drawn from PepsiCo's proposals. The analysis suggests that food companies may be replicating several of the tactics used by tobacco companies to promote a positive image and influence research as part of an effort to reduce the prospects for public regulation and taxation.
Ichiro Kawachi and Lisa F. Berkman (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195138382
- eISBN:
- 9780199865505
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195138382.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Do places make a difference to people's health and well-being? This book demonstrates how the physical and social characteristics of a neighborhood can shape the health of its residents. Researchers ...
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Do places make a difference to people's health and well-being? This book demonstrates how the physical and social characteristics of a neighborhood can shape the health of its residents. Researchers have long suspected that where one lives makes a difference to health in addition to who one is. Almost everyone understands that smoking, unhealthy eating, lack of exercise can compromise longevity and good health, but can a person's ability to maintain a healthy lifestyle be affected by the smoking habits of other people close by, or access to grocery stores, or the existence of safe parks and recreational space? The answers to this question and other similar ones require new ways of thinking about the determinants of health as well as new analytical methods to test these ideas. This book brings together these ideas and new methods. The book contains various parts. The first part deals with methodological complexities of undertaking neighborhood research. The second part showcases the empirical evidence linking neighborhood conditions to health outcomes. The last part tackles some of the major cross-cutting themes in contemporary neighborhood research.Less
Do places make a difference to people's health and well-being? This book demonstrates how the physical and social characteristics of a neighborhood can shape the health of its residents. Researchers have long suspected that where one lives makes a difference to health in addition to who one is. Almost everyone understands that smoking, unhealthy eating, lack of exercise can compromise longevity and good health, but can a person's ability to maintain a healthy lifestyle be affected by the smoking habits of other people close by, or access to grocery stores, or the existence of safe parks and recreational space? The answers to this question and other similar ones require new ways of thinking about the determinants of health as well as new analytical methods to test these ideas. This book brings together these ideas and new methods. The book contains various parts. The first part deals with methodological complexities of undertaking neighborhood research. The second part showcases the empirical evidence linking neighborhood conditions to health outcomes. The last part tackles some of the major cross-cutting themes in contemporary neighborhood research.
W.A. Bogart
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199856206
- eISBN:
- 9780199369621
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199856206.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Medical Law
This book explores the effectiveness of legal interventions aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles. The book suggests that the government’s emphasis on encouraging weight loss and preventing excess ...
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This book explores the effectiveness of legal interventions aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles. The book suggests that the government’s emphasis on encouraging weight loss and preventing excess gain have largely failed to resolve obesity and have instead fueled prejudice against fat people. It suggests that a major challenge lies in shifting norms away from stigmatization of the obese and towards more nutritious and healthy lifestyle habits in addition to the acceptance of bodies in all shapes and sizes. Part of this challenge lies in the complex effects of law and its relationship with norms, including the unintended consequences of regulation. The book begins by arguing for the protection of the overweight and obese from discrimination through human rights laws. It then examines three other areas of interventions—marketing, fiscal policy, and physical activity—and how these interventions operate within the context of “health equity.” The book evaluates the effectiveness of legal regulation in addressing obesity and concludes that a healthier population is more important than a thinner population.Less
This book explores the effectiveness of legal interventions aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles. The book suggests that the government’s emphasis on encouraging weight loss and preventing excess gain have largely failed to resolve obesity and have instead fueled prejudice against fat people. It suggests that a major challenge lies in shifting norms away from stigmatization of the obese and towards more nutritious and healthy lifestyle habits in addition to the acceptance of bodies in all shapes and sizes. Part of this challenge lies in the complex effects of law and its relationship with norms, including the unintended consequences of regulation. The book begins by arguing for the protection of the overweight and obese from discrimination through human rights laws. It then examines three other areas of interventions—marketing, fiscal policy, and physical activity—and how these interventions operate within the context of “health equity.” The book evaluates the effectiveness of legal regulation in addressing obesity and concludes that a healthier population is more important than a thinner population.
John Walley and John Wright (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199238934
- eISBN:
- 9780191716621
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199238934.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Many of the health problems in the developing world can be tackled or prevented through public health measures such as essential health care, improved living conditions, water, sanitation, nutrition, ...
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Many of the health problems in the developing world can be tackled or prevented through public health measures such as essential health care, improved living conditions, water, sanitation, nutrition, immunization, and the adoption of healthy lifestyles. Public Health is an action guide to improving public/community health, with a particular focus on low- to middle-income countries. It explains public health approaches to developing effective health services and preventive programmes. This Second Edition contains real examples, illustrations and case histories to bring an important subject to life for the reader. The book covers the essential clinical services and preventive programmes — including those for TB, HIV/AIDS, malaria, and diarrhoeal diseases — and the integrated management of childhood and adult illnesses. Practical methods are given for assessing health needs and working with communities to develop health services; and the development of hospital, health centre, and community health services — particularly mother, neonatal, and child health services — are explained. Additionally, gender, social, and economic influences on communities' health are explored.Less
Many of the health problems in the developing world can be tackled or prevented through public health measures such as essential health care, improved living conditions, water, sanitation, nutrition, immunization, and the adoption of healthy lifestyles. Public Health is an action guide to improving public/community health, with a particular focus on low- to middle-income countries. It explains public health approaches to developing effective health services and preventive programmes. This Second Edition contains real examples, illustrations and case histories to bring an important subject to life for the reader. The book covers the essential clinical services and preventive programmes — including those for TB, HIV/AIDS, malaria, and diarrhoeal diseases — and the integrated management of childhood and adult illnesses. Practical methods are given for assessing health needs and working with communities to develop health services; and the development of hospital, health centre, and community health services — particularly mother, neonatal, and child health services — are explained. Additionally, gender, social, and economic influences on communities' health are explored.
Clare Herrick
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847426383
- eISBN:
- 9781447302445
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847426383.003.0006
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
With sports now being cast as a solution to a range of social, economic, health and urban-related ills, this chapter explores the role played by mass participation running events (MPREs) in achieving ...
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With sports now being cast as a solution to a range of social, economic, health and urban-related ills, this chapter explores the role played by mass participation running events (MPREs) in achieving these aims and fostering, in the process, a lucratively sensible city. MPREs blend commercial means with the ends of mass participation to achieve a unique mix of profit and healthy lifestyle promotion. After detailing the nature and characteristics of MPREs, the discussion turns to the example of Austin's proliferation of events and Newcastle's major event — the Great North Run — in order to examine the discrepancies between the rhetoric and reality of MPRE participation in these two very different cities.Less
With sports now being cast as a solution to a range of social, economic, health and urban-related ills, this chapter explores the role played by mass participation running events (MPREs) in achieving these aims and fostering, in the process, a lucratively sensible city. MPREs blend commercial means with the ends of mass participation to achieve a unique mix of profit and healthy lifestyle promotion. After detailing the nature and characteristics of MPREs, the discussion turns to the example of Austin's proliferation of events and Newcastle's major event — the Great North Run — in order to examine the discrepancies between the rhetoric and reality of MPRE participation in these two very different cities.
Steve Cropper, Alison Porter, and Gareth Williams (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861348180
- eISBN:
- 9781447301936
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861348180.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Improving health in populations in which it is poor is a complex process. This book argues that the traditional government approach of exhorting individuals to live healthier lifestyles is not enough ...
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Improving health in populations in which it is poor is a complex process. This book argues that the traditional government approach of exhorting individuals to live healthier lifestyles is not enough – action to promote public health needs to take place not just through public agencies, but also by engaging community assets and resources in their broadest sense. The book reports lessons from the experience of planning, establishing, and delivering such action by the five-year Sustainable Health Action Research Programme (SHARP) in Wales. It critically examines the experience of SHARP in relation to current literature on policy; community health and health inequalities; and action research. The authors make clear how this regional development has produced opportunities for developing general concepts and theory about community-based policy developments which are relevant across national boundaries and show that complex and sustained community action, and effective local partnership, are fundamental components of the mix of factors required to address health inequalities successfully. The book concludes by indicating the connections between SHARP and earlier traditions of community-based action, and by arguing that we need to be bolder in our approaches to community-based health improvement and more flexible in our understanding of the ways in which knowledge informs developments in health policy.Less
Improving health in populations in which it is poor is a complex process. This book argues that the traditional government approach of exhorting individuals to live healthier lifestyles is not enough – action to promote public health needs to take place not just through public agencies, but also by engaging community assets and resources in their broadest sense. The book reports lessons from the experience of planning, establishing, and delivering such action by the five-year Sustainable Health Action Research Programme (SHARP) in Wales. It critically examines the experience of SHARP in relation to current literature on policy; community health and health inequalities; and action research. The authors make clear how this regional development has produced opportunities for developing general concepts and theory about community-based policy developments which are relevant across national boundaries and show that complex and sustained community action, and effective local partnership, are fundamental components of the mix of factors required to address health inequalities successfully. The book concludes by indicating the connections between SHARP and earlier traditions of community-based action, and by arguing that we need to be bolder in our approaches to community-based health improvement and more flexible in our understanding of the ways in which knowledge informs developments in health policy.
David A. Shore and Eric D. Kupferberg
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195326253
- eISBN:
- 9780199897285
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326253.003.0039
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter discusses how different purchasers have endeavored to hold down health-related expenses while purchasing health care access for their beneficiaries. It presents a case vignette about a ...
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This chapter discusses how different purchasers have endeavored to hold down health-related expenses while purchasing health care access for their beneficiaries. It presents a case vignette about a company that has made a very extensive investment in improving health care access and interventional strategies against illness for its workforce. This company has drawn on myriad ideas, tools, and philosophies and contracted with several partners to implement this approach. The possible cost-savings benefits from healthier lifestyles and lower morbidity have not yet been fully realized, which is what makes this example compelling, especially regarding the expectations of all the stakeholders involved. We have an opportunity to witness whether a well-planned endeavor targeting employee health will bring the benefits that are hoped for.Less
This chapter discusses how different purchasers have endeavored to hold down health-related expenses while purchasing health care access for their beneficiaries. It presents a case vignette about a company that has made a very extensive investment in improving health care access and interventional strategies against illness for its workforce. This company has drawn on myriad ideas, tools, and philosophies and contracted with several partners to implement this approach. The possible cost-savings benefits from healthier lifestyles and lower morbidity have not yet been fully realized, which is what makes this example compelling, especially regarding the expectations of all the stakeholders involved. We have an opportunity to witness whether a well-planned endeavor targeting employee health will bring the benefits that are hoped for.
JOY G. DRYFOOS
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195137859
- eISBN:
- 9780199846948
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195137859.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter considers modern school restructuring and reform. It gives some examples of programs aimed at high-risk students and looks at growing experiences with school restructuring designs. An ...
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This chapter considers modern school restructuring and reform. It gives some examples of programs aimed at high-risk students and looks at growing experiences with school restructuring designs. An important outcome for effective schools is the promotion of healthy lifestyles and the prevention of high-risk behaviors. Children who are engaged in school activities are much less likely to get into trouble with drugs, sex, and violence. Some programs aimed at high-risk students include Valued Youth Partnership, Cities-in-Schools (CIS), The School Transition Environment Project (STEP), The Quantum Opportunity Program (QOP), Liberty Partnerships, and Parents as Teachers (PAT).Less
This chapter considers modern school restructuring and reform. It gives some examples of programs aimed at high-risk students and looks at growing experiences with school restructuring designs. An important outcome for effective schools is the promotion of healthy lifestyles and the prevention of high-risk behaviors. Children who are engaged in school activities are much less likely to get into trouble with drugs, sex, and violence. Some programs aimed at high-risk students include Valued Youth Partnership, Cities-in-Schools (CIS), The School Transition Environment Project (STEP), The Quantum Opportunity Program (QOP), Liberty Partnerships, and Parents as Teachers (PAT).
Rebecca Hodes
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199744473
- eISBN:
- 9780190268183
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199744473.003.0014
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter focuses on the long-running television show Beat It!—a creation of South Africa’s Treatment Action Campaign, and reported to be the first television show produced by the HIV-positive ...
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This chapter focuses on the long-running television show Beat It!—a creation of South Africa’s Treatment Action Campaign, and reported to be the first television show produced by the HIV-positive community for wide dissemination. It describes the discursive strategies used by Beat It!, with particular emphasis on the show’s role in the 2000–2002 activist campaign for prevention of mother-to-child transmission treatment programs. It demonstrates how Beat It! harnessed television’s ability to demystify complex issues relating to HIV and how, under the rubric of “positive living,” it presented the many ways in which HIV-positive people could maintain a healthy lifestyle. Beat It! captures and conveys the most significant developments relating to HIV in South Africa between 1999 and 2006—during which the show’s first six series were broadcast. The program’s mirroring of the political campaigns of HIV activist organizations provides an important record of the contemporary history of HIV politics during this time.Less
This chapter focuses on the long-running television show Beat It!—a creation of South Africa’s Treatment Action Campaign, and reported to be the first television show produced by the HIV-positive community for wide dissemination. It describes the discursive strategies used by Beat It!, with particular emphasis on the show’s role in the 2000–2002 activist campaign for prevention of mother-to-child transmission treatment programs. It demonstrates how Beat It! harnessed television’s ability to demystify complex issues relating to HIV and how, under the rubric of “positive living,” it presented the many ways in which HIV-positive people could maintain a healthy lifestyle. Beat It! captures and conveys the most significant developments relating to HIV in South Africa between 1999 and 2006—during which the show’s first six series were broadcast. The program’s mirroring of the political campaigns of HIV activist organizations provides an important record of the contemporary history of HIV politics during this time.
Phyllis Moen
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199357277
- eISBN:
- 9780199357314
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199357277.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This chapter documents how individuals and couples are improvising, responding to the challenges, risks, and opportunities of life today, and in so doing helping to define the contours of an evolving ...
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This chapter documents how individuals and couples are improvising, responding to the challenges, risks, and opportunities of life today, and in so doing helping to define the contours of an evolving twenty-first-century life course. It also charts the unevenness of this evolving paradigm of a more voluntarily customized life course. What many want, but can’t always find, are chances to reset the time clocks of their lives, often in the form of different combinations of flexible, frequently less-than-full-time work, volunteering, learning, caring, and leisure, including more healthy lifestyles. Despite the absence of institutionalized options for such configurations, growing numbers of Boomers are indeed time shifting, resetting their lives and their identities, making them up as they go. Others are less fortunate. Boomers are following four pathways through encore adulthood: neotraditional time shifting, time shifting for the long game, portfolio time shifting, and unanticipated time shifting.Less
This chapter documents how individuals and couples are improvising, responding to the challenges, risks, and opportunities of life today, and in so doing helping to define the contours of an evolving twenty-first-century life course. It also charts the unevenness of this evolving paradigm of a more voluntarily customized life course. What many want, but can’t always find, are chances to reset the time clocks of their lives, often in the form of different combinations of flexible, frequently less-than-full-time work, volunteering, learning, caring, and leisure, including more healthy lifestyles. Despite the absence of institutionalized options for such configurations, growing numbers of Boomers are indeed time shifting, resetting their lives and their identities, making them up as they go. Others are less fortunate. Boomers are following four pathways through encore adulthood: neotraditional time shifting, time shifting for the long game, portfolio time shifting, and unanticipated time shifting.
