John Hubley and Sylvia Tilford
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199238934
- eISBN:
- 9780191716621
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199238934.003.08
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter discusses the following topics: health promotion, components of health promotion interventions, the planning process for health promotion, the stages of developing and implementing ...
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This chapter discusses the following topics: health promotion, components of health promotion interventions, the planning process for health promotion, the stages of developing and implementing health promotion programmes, and the selection of education and communication methods. Health promotion practitioners differ in the goals they prioritize, some emphasizing empowerment, others behaviour change. Many people may feel most comfortable carrying out health education activities but can nearly always begin to take some actions on the other components which, if unattended, will diminish the impact of health education activities. There is a growing body of evidence on how to implement effective health promotion interventions, and access to this evidence is getting easier. By ensuring that we disseminate the results of our own interventions we can contribute to developing practice.Less
This chapter discusses the following topics: health promotion, components of health promotion interventions, the planning process for health promotion, the stages of developing and implementing health promotion programmes, and the selection of education and communication methods. Health promotion practitioners differ in the goals they prioritize, some emphasizing empowerment, others behaviour change. Many people may feel most comfortable carrying out health education activities but can nearly always begin to take some actions on the other components which, if unattended, will diminish the impact of health education activities. There is a growing body of evidence on how to implement effective health promotion interventions, and access to this evidence is getting easier. By ensuring that we disseminate the results of our own interventions we can contribute to developing practice.
Alan Cribb
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199242733
- eISBN:
- 9780191603549
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242739.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter examines the ways in which a number of elements of health promotion, namely its prevention orientation, its population orientation, and its well-being orientation, shape ...
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This chapter examines the ways in which a number of elements of health promotion, namely its prevention orientation, its population orientation, and its well-being orientation, shape professional-patient relationships. Their compound effects are also considered.Less
This chapter examines the ways in which a number of elements of health promotion, namely its prevention orientation, its population orientation, and its well-being orientation, shape professional-patient relationships. Their compound effects are also considered.
Mitch Blair, Sarah Stewart-Brown, Tony Waterston, and Rachel Crowther
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199547500
- eISBN:
- 9780191720123
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547500.003.005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter presents a number of concepts from the fields of public health and child health that are useful in the exploration of child public health. The chapter is divided into four broad themes: ...
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This chapter presents a number of concepts from the fields of public health and child health that are useful in the exploration of child public health. The chapter is divided into four broad themes: a) epidemiological concepts; b) concepts related to health improvement; c) concepts relating to disease prevention; and d) concepts relating to the practice of public health and health promotion.Less
This chapter presents a number of concepts from the fields of public health and child health that are useful in the exploration of child public health. The chapter is divided into four broad themes: a) epidemiological concepts; b) concepts related to health improvement; c) concepts relating to disease prevention; and d) concepts relating to the practice of public health and health promotion.
David V McQueen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199563623
- eISBN:
- 9780191722554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563623.003.03
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter seeks to make explicit the ethical dimensions underlying pursuit of an evidence-based approach in the field of health promotion. It focuses on five areas that are particularly critical ...
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This chapter seeks to make explicit the ethical dimensions underlying pursuit of an evidence-based approach in the field of health promotion. It focuses on five areas that are particularly critical to health promotion: (i) consideration of concepts and values; (ii) insufficient evidence; (iii) complexity and contextualism; (iv) reflexivity motivations and personal ethics; and (v) causality pitfalls, harm, and blame.Less
This chapter seeks to make explicit the ethical dimensions underlying pursuit of an evidence-based approach in the field of health promotion. It focuses on five areas that are particularly critical to health promotion: (i) consideration of concepts and values; (ii) insufficient evidence; (iii) complexity and contextualism; (iv) reflexivity motivations and personal ethics; and (v) causality pitfalls, harm, and blame.
Alison Blenkinsopp, Rhona Panton, and Claire Anderson
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780192630445
- eISBN:
- 9780191723575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192630445.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Health promotion and disease prevention are now seen as a priority of the health service. The pharmacists' role must develop to reflect this shift in emphasis away from simply treating those who are ...
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Health promotion and disease prevention are now seen as a priority of the health service. The pharmacists' role must develop to reflect this shift in emphasis away from simply treating those who are ill. This chapter traces the historical background of the development of the pharmacist's role in health promotion, discusses the nature of the role, considers the emerging infrastructure, and looks to future developments.Less
Health promotion and disease prevention are now seen as a priority of the health service. The pharmacists' role must develop to reflect this shift in emphasis away from simply treating those who are ill. This chapter traces the historical background of the development of the pharmacist's role in health promotion, discusses the nature of the role, considers the emerging infrastructure, and looks to future developments.
Virginia Berridge
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199569298
- eISBN:
- 9780191594427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199569298.003.0002
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter develops a historical understanding of health promotion at two different levels. First, it looks at how what we now term ‘health promotion’ fits into changing definitions of public ...
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This chapter develops a historical understanding of health promotion at two different levels. First, it looks at how what we now term ‘health promotion’ fits into changing definitions of public health and the rationales for those definitions since the 18th century. It then carries out a historical evaluation of recent events, looking at how health promotion has come onto the agenda both nationally and internationally since the 1970s.Less
This chapter develops a historical understanding of health promotion at two different levels. First, it looks at how what we now term ‘health promotion’ fits into changing definitions of public health and the rationales for those definitions since the 18th century. It then carries out a historical evaluation of recent events, looking at how health promotion has come onto the agenda both nationally and internationally since the 1970s.
Carole Clavier and Evelyne de Leeuw
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199658039
- eISBN:
- 9780191765780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199658039.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
The health promotion field has been emphasizing the importance of public policy to effectively addressing the macro-level determinants of health. However, translating this need into action has proven ...
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The health promotion field has been emphasizing the importance of public policy to effectively addressing the macro-level determinants of health. However, translating this need into action has proven challenging. In this chapter, we examine the unique characteristics of public policy and the policy process that explain why the health promotion community has been struggling with this call. We show how public policy processes are complex and iterative, and how they obey a rationality all their own, and hence require specific analyses and theories. We also present the chapters that comprise this book and underline their distinctive contributions to this field of knowledge and practice. The work presented in these chapters shows how theories on the policy process are powerful allies in understanding not only whether public policies work, but mostly how they work, thus providing invaluable practical and critical knowledge to health promoters.Less
The health promotion field has been emphasizing the importance of public policy to effectively addressing the macro-level determinants of health. However, translating this need into action has proven challenging. In this chapter, we examine the unique characteristics of public policy and the policy process that explain why the health promotion community has been struggling with this call. We show how public policy processes are complex and iterative, and how they obey a rationality all their own, and hence require specific analyses and theories. We also present the chapters that comprise this book and underline their distinctive contributions to this field of knowledge and practice. The work presented in these chapters shows how theories on the policy process are powerful allies in understanding not only whether public policies work, but mostly how they work, thus providing invaluable practical and critical knowledge to health promoters.
René Mendes and Elizabeth Costa Dias
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195380002
- eISBN:
- 9780199893881
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380002.003.0018
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Health promotion seeks to improve the level of health in a population by preventing diseases, controlling hazards, improving fitness and well being and enhancing the capacity or workers to work and ...
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Health promotion seeks to improve the level of health in a population by preventing diseases, controlling hazards, improving fitness and well being and enhancing the capacity or workers to work and to function in society. Health promotion activities are generally divided into education, health protection (protecting the worker from hazards and ensuring prompt intervention if something goes wrong) and prevention of disease. Prevention, in turn, is often divided into primary prevention (the prevention of disease in the first place, for example through clean water or immunization against infectious disease), secondary prevention (the early detection of disease at a stage when it can be treated or limited, through periodic health surveillance) and tertiary prevention (prevention of disability, for example by providing rehabilitation services after an injury). The workplace is an excellent place to promote health, to the benefit of all society. For this reason, the World Health Organization has developed many sophisticated approaches to health promotion based on education, disease prevention and enhancing fitness in the workplace, based on recognition of the determinants of health and interventions based on a model of how they work together known as the health field concept. The Ottawa Charter (1986) is a key document that brought together WHO’s approach and links it with empowerment of the worker, who is encouraged to take responsibility for his or her own health. Health promotion activities take many forms but generally target exercise and activity, diet, cancer prevention, smoking cessation, and management of chronic diseases through wellness programs.Less
Health promotion seeks to improve the level of health in a population by preventing diseases, controlling hazards, improving fitness and well being and enhancing the capacity or workers to work and to function in society. Health promotion activities are generally divided into education, health protection (protecting the worker from hazards and ensuring prompt intervention if something goes wrong) and prevention of disease. Prevention, in turn, is often divided into primary prevention (the prevention of disease in the first place, for example through clean water or immunization against infectious disease), secondary prevention (the early detection of disease at a stage when it can be treated or limited, through periodic health surveillance) and tertiary prevention (prevention of disability, for example by providing rehabilitation services after an injury). The workplace is an excellent place to promote health, to the benefit of all society. For this reason, the World Health Organization has developed many sophisticated approaches to health promotion based on education, disease prevention and enhancing fitness in the workplace, based on recognition of the determinants of health and interventions based on a model of how they work together known as the health field concept. The Ottawa Charter (1986) is a key document that brought together WHO’s approach and links it with empowerment of the worker, who is encouraged to take responsibility for his or her own health. Health promotion activities take many forms but generally target exercise and activity, diet, cancer prevention, smoking cessation, and management of chronic diseases through wellness programs.
Yolande Coombes and Margaret Thorogood
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199569298
- eISBN:
- 9780191594427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199569298.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This introductory chapter begins with brief descriptions of the 1st, 2nd and current edition of this book. An overview of the subsequent chapters is then presented covering the following themes: the ...
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This introductory chapter begins with brief descriptions of the 1st, 2nd and current edition of this book. An overview of the subsequent chapters is then presented covering the following themes: the scope of health promotion activities, measurement issues in health promotion, factors influencing the internal and external validity of interventions, and ethics and advocacy.Less
This introductory chapter begins with brief descriptions of the 1st, 2nd and current edition of this book. An overview of the subsequent chapters is then presented covering the following themes: the scope of health promotion activities, measurement issues in health promotion, factors influencing the internal and external validity of interventions, and ethics and advocacy.
John Powell
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199569298
- eISBN:
- 9780191594427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199569298.003.0011
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
E-health is a term that encompasses the use of new information and communication technologies for improving health and health care. Sometimes the scope of e-health is restricted to web-based tools, ...
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E-health is a term that encompasses the use of new information and communication technologies for improving health and health care. Sometimes the scope of e-health is restricted to web-based tools, but with the increasing convergence of networked technologies across multiple platforms, such as mobile telephony or interactive digital television, a broader definition is more helpful to include initiatives which may perhaps use mobile or pervasive technology. This chapter describes the emerging area of e-health promotion, identifies the scope of this field, and discusses the opportunities and challenges that it presents.Less
E-health is a term that encompasses the use of new information and communication technologies for improving health and health care. Sometimes the scope of e-health is restricted to web-based tools, but with the increasing convergence of networked technologies across multiple platforms, such as mobile telephony or interactive digital television, a broader definition is more helpful to include initiatives which may perhaps use mobile or pervasive technology. This chapter describes the emerging area of e-health promotion, identifies the scope of this field, and discusses the opportunities and challenges that it presents.
Alisoun Milne
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447305729
- eISBN:
- 9781447311904
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447305729.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
Mental health in later life is promoted and protected by a range of factors. Protective personal attributes include positive self-esteem, self-efficacy, resilience and mastery. The positive ...
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Mental health in later life is promoted and protected by a range of factors. Protective personal attributes include positive self-esteem, self-efficacy, resilience and mastery. The positive psychological benefits of taking part in exercise is well established, especially in a group. There is a vast literature on the mental health benefits of social relationships, social networks and social participation. It is the quality rather than the quantity of relationships that is protective; having a confidante is especially important. Membership of an accepting faith community, having a meaningful occupation and a reasonable income are also protective. For people living with dementia important factors are social and family relationships; effective communication; and involvement in decisions. How older people protect their mental health is underexplored. Most older people regard prevention and promotion as conjoined; the two fields intersect. Risks and protective factors can be conceptualised as located in the individual, community and national/societal domains. In order for policy to engage meaningfully with preventing mental ill health in later life, it needs to address risks in all three domains and tackle the social determinants of health inequalities. Many risks to mental health in later life are a product of, and are embedded in, the lifecourse.Less
Mental health in later life is promoted and protected by a range of factors. Protective personal attributes include positive self-esteem, self-efficacy, resilience and mastery. The positive psychological benefits of taking part in exercise is well established, especially in a group. There is a vast literature on the mental health benefits of social relationships, social networks and social participation. It is the quality rather than the quantity of relationships that is protective; having a confidante is especially important. Membership of an accepting faith community, having a meaningful occupation and a reasonable income are also protective. For people living with dementia important factors are social and family relationships; effective communication; and involvement in decisions. How older people protect their mental health is underexplored. Most older people regard prevention and promotion as conjoined; the two fields intersect. Risks and protective factors can be conceptualised as located in the individual, community and national/societal domains. In order for policy to engage meaningfully with preventing mental ill health in later life, it needs to address risks in all three domains and tackle the social determinants of health inequalities. Many risks to mental health in later life are a product of, and are embedded in, the lifecourse.
Tamar Mendelson, Elise T. Pas, Julie A. Leis, Catherine P. Bradshaw, George W. Rebok, and Wallace Mandell
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195390445
- eISBN:
- 9780199950416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0017
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
The field of public health has a long, successful history of health promotion and disease prevention, including efforts relevant to mental health problems. Recent years have been marked by a dramatic ...
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The field of public health has a long, successful history of health promotion and disease prevention, including efforts relevant to mental health problems. Recent years have been marked by a dramatic increase in the development, implementation, and assessment of approaches to prevent the incidence of mental disorders. This chapter examines the rationale for prevention, the theories and methods that inform prevention science, the prevention strategies being employed across developmental stages and at multiple ecological levels, and emerging directions for the prevention field.Less
The field of public health has a long, successful history of health promotion and disease prevention, including efforts relevant to mental health problems. Recent years have been marked by a dramatic increase in the development, implementation, and assessment of approaches to prevent the incidence of mental disorders. This chapter examines the rationale for prevention, the theories and methods that inform prevention science, the prevention strategies being employed across developmental stages and at multiple ecological levels, and emerging directions for the prevention field.
Lyndal Bond and Helen Butler
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199563623
- eISBN:
- 9780191722554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563623.003.016
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
The Gatehouse Project in Australia made a key contribution to the repositioning of emotional and behavioural wellbeing from a welfare and health education concern, to a whole school concern ...
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The Gatehouse Project in Australia made a key contribution to the repositioning of emotional and behavioural wellbeing from a welfare and health education concern, to a whole school concern fundamentally integrated into core school programmes, practices, and structures. The main objectives of the intervention were to increase levels of emotional wellbeing and reduce rates of substance use. The project design and intervention strategies were grounded in an understanding of both risk and protective factors common to a range of health and behavioural problems. Implementation was based on an understanding of school change and school improvement processes. This chapter describes the Gatehouse Project intervention and presents the results from the cluster-randomized, controlled-trial evaluation. It discusses the development, implementation, and evaluation of complex school-based interventions.Less
The Gatehouse Project in Australia made a key contribution to the repositioning of emotional and behavioural wellbeing from a welfare and health education concern, to a whole school concern fundamentally integrated into core school programmes, practices, and structures. The main objectives of the intervention were to increase levels of emotional wellbeing and reduce rates of substance use. The project design and intervention strategies were grounded in an understanding of both risk and protective factors common to a range of health and behavioural problems. Implementation was based on an understanding of school change and school improvement processes. This chapter describes the Gatehouse Project intervention and presents the results from the cluster-randomized, controlled-trial evaluation. It discusses the development, implementation, and evaluation of complex school-based interventions.
Yolande Coombes
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199569298
- eISBN:
- 9780191594427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199569298.003.0003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter assesses the appropriateness of measurement in terms of outcome and impact. It considers the level at which outcome measurement should take place and the methods that can be used to ...
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This chapter assesses the appropriateness of measurement in terms of outcome and impact. It considers the level at which outcome measurement should take place and the methods that can be used to build evidence incrementally. Morbidity and mortality data provide the justification for developing health promotion interventions and not the means of evaluating their effect. Outcomes occur on a continuum; a focus on proximal indicators is all that is required where there is already evidence for a relationship between indicators and distal outcomes. To design our evaluation we must ask how the evaluation will be used and work backwards from this question. Even in resource-poor settings, small-scale documentation of the process can contribute to the incremental growth of the evidence base.Less
This chapter assesses the appropriateness of measurement in terms of outcome and impact. It considers the level at which outcome measurement should take place and the methods that can be used to build evidence incrementally. Morbidity and mortality data provide the justification for developing health promotion interventions and not the means of evaluating their effect. Outcomes occur on a continuum; a focus on proximal indicators is all that is required where there is already evidence for a relationship between indicators and distal outcomes. To design our evaluation we must ask how the evaluation will be used and work backwards from this question. Even in resource-poor settings, small-scale documentation of the process can contribute to the incremental growth of the evidence base.
Margaret Thorogood and Yolande Coombes
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199569298
- eISBN:
- 9780191594427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199569298.003.0016
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
The 21st century has seen health promotion come of age, no longer described as a fuzzy concept, and now with a coherent approach and a clear mandate. As health promotion has achieved maturity so the ...
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The 21st century has seen health promotion come of age, no longer described as a fuzzy concept, and now with a coherent approach and a clear mandate. As health promotion has achieved maturity so the methods by which health promotion and public health are evaluated have evolved. In contrast to the situation when the last edition of this book was published, there is no longer a debate about the relative value of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Mixed-methods approaches to evaluation are now widely accepted and are constantly being developed and refined. This chapter discusses how and when the two methods should be combined. Reflecting this situation, almost all of the chapters in this book describe the use of some combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. While peace has broken out in the methodology wars with the acceptance of a mixed-methods approach, many tensions remain in health promotion evaluations.Less
The 21st century has seen health promotion come of age, no longer described as a fuzzy concept, and now with a coherent approach and a clear mandate. As health promotion has achieved maturity so the methods by which health promotion and public health are evaluated have evolved. In contrast to the situation when the last edition of this book was published, there is no longer a debate about the relative value of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Mixed-methods approaches to evaluation are now widely accepted and are constantly being developed and refined. This chapter discusses how and when the two methods should be combined. Reflecting this situation, almost all of the chapters in this book describe the use of some combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. While peace has broken out in the methodology wars with the acceptance of a mixed-methods approach, many tensions remain in health promotion evaluations.
Alison Blenkinsopp, Rhona Panton, and Claire Anderson
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780192630445
- eISBN:
- 9780191723575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192630445.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter reviews the history of the changing health of the population since the mid-19th century and addresses some of the key issues in health promotion today. It discusses the social, ...
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This chapter reviews the history of the changing health of the population since the mid-19th century and addresses some of the key issues in health promotion today. It discusses the social, political, personal, and medical factors which influence health. This background helps with the understanding the context of health promotion activities and advice which they might be offered.Less
This chapter reviews the history of the changing health of the population since the mid-19th century and addresses some of the key issues in health promotion today. It discusses the social, political, personal, and medical factors which influence health. This background helps with the understanding the context of health promotion activities and advice which they might be offered.
Davies John Kenneth
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861342201
- eISBN:
- 9781447302919
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861342201.003.0010
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter examines the government's attempts to promote health and tackle inequality using a range of partnership initiatives in England. It suggests that the government initiatives are to be ...
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This chapter examines the government's attempts to promote health and tackle inequality using a range of partnership initiatives in England. It suggests that the government initiatives are to be lauded and that in order for them to be more effective further research and development is urgently required, in particular to identify the social processes that enhance or obstruct health development. It explains that social processes lie and the core of health promotion and initiatives and they are particularly important in initiating and maintaining partnerships and alliances in the light of local, national or international changes.Less
This chapter examines the government's attempts to promote health and tackle inequality using a range of partnership initiatives in England. It suggests that the government initiatives are to be lauded and that in order for them to be more effective further research and development is urgently required, in particular to identify the social processes that enhance or obstruct health development. It explains that social processes lie and the core of health promotion and initiatives and they are particularly important in initiating and maintaining partnerships and alliances in the light of local, national or international changes.
Annie Britton
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199569298
- eISBN:
- 9780191594427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199569298.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
An experimental study is the standard method for evaluating the effectiveness of a health or medical intervention. In such a study, a group of people will be exposed to an intervention and then ...
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An experimental study is the standard method for evaluating the effectiveness of a health or medical intervention. In such a study, a group of people will be exposed to an intervention and then compared with another group (a control group) who have not been exposed, or with a group who had a different intervention. There are situations in which an experimental approach may not be feasible, ethical, or practical, but, when possible, well-designed controlled experiments provide reliable evidence on the effectiveness of interventions and inform the policies and practice of health promotion. This chapter discusses different experimental designs, explores their strengths and weaknesses, and determines how the most appropriate design might be chosen in light of the many unique features of health promotion interventions. It shows that well-conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are a valid and important way of evaluating health promotion interventions.Less
An experimental study is the standard method for evaluating the effectiveness of a health or medical intervention. In such a study, a group of people will be exposed to an intervention and then compared with another group (a control group) who have not been exposed, or with a group who had a different intervention. There are situations in which an experimental approach may not be feasible, ethical, or practical, but, when possible, well-designed controlled experiments provide reliable evidence on the effectiveness of interventions and inform the policies and practice of health promotion. This chapter discusses different experimental designs, explores their strengths and weaknesses, and determines how the most appropriate design might be chosen in light of the many unique features of health promotion interventions. It shows that well-conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are a valid and important way of evaluating health promotion interventions.
Margaret Thorogood and Yolande Coombes
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198528807
- eISBN:
- 9780191723964
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528807.003.0013
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter begins with a brief discussion of the origins of health promotion. It then presents a synthesis of discussions in the preceding chapters. It argues that as health promotion develops into ...
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This chapter begins with a brief discussion of the origins of health promotion. It then presents a synthesis of discussions in the preceding chapters. It argues that as health promotion develops into a mature discipline, it will need a combination of approaches to evaluations using various methods to shed light on the vast areas in which health and health promotions take place.Less
This chapter begins with a brief discussion of the origins of health promotion. It then presents a synthesis of discussions in the preceding chapters. It argues that as health promotion develops into a mature discipline, it will need a combination of approaches to evaluations using various methods to shed light on the vast areas in which health and health promotions take place.
Stephen G. Post (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195182910
- eISBN:
- 9780199786794
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182910.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Health Psychology
Does a kindly, charitable interest in others have health benefits for the agent, particularly when coupled with helping behaviours? Although the answer remains unclear, researchers have established ...
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Does a kindly, charitable interest in others have health benefits for the agent, particularly when coupled with helping behaviours? Although the answer remains unclear, researchers have established that there is an association between generous emotions, helping behaviour, and longevity. Increasingly, emotional states and their related behaviours are being studied by mainstream scientists in relation to health promotion and disease prevention. If helping affect or behaviour can be linked with health and longevity, there are significant implications for how we think about human nature and prosperity. Although studies show that those who are physically or psychologically overwhelmed by the needs of others do experience a stressful burden that can have significant negative health consequences, little attention has been given to whether there are health benefits from helping behaviour that is fulfilling, not overwhelming. This book's chapters address this question in objective terms. The book provides heuristic models, from evolution and neuroscience, to explain the association between altruism and health, and examines potential public health and practical implications of the existing data.Less
Does a kindly, charitable interest in others have health benefits for the agent, particularly when coupled with helping behaviours? Although the answer remains unclear, researchers have established that there is an association between generous emotions, helping behaviour, and longevity. Increasingly, emotional states and their related behaviours are being studied by mainstream scientists in relation to health promotion and disease prevention. If helping affect or behaviour can be linked with health and longevity, there are significant implications for how we think about human nature and prosperity. Although studies show that those who are physically or psychologically overwhelmed by the needs of others do experience a stressful burden that can have significant negative health consequences, little attention has been given to whether there are health benefits from helping behaviour that is fulfilling, not overwhelming. This book's chapters address this question in objective terms. The book provides heuristic models, from evolution and neuroscience, to explain the association between altruism and health, and examines potential public health and practical implications of the existing data.
