Andrew Green
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198571346
- eISBN:
- 9780191724138
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198571346.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This text, the latest edition, explains the importance of health planning in both developing regions such as Africa, and those in transition, such as Central and Eastern Europe. It stresses the ...
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This text, the latest edition, explains the importance of health planning in both developing regions such as Africa, and those in transition, such as Central and Eastern Europe. It stresses the importance of understanding the national and international context in which planning occurs, and provides an up to date analysis of the major current policy issues, including health reforms. Separate chapters are dedicated to the distinct issues of finance for health care and human resource planning. The book explains the various techniques used at each stage of the planning process, looking first at the situational analysis and then looking in turn at priority-setting, option appraisal, programming, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The book ends by examining the challenges facing planners in the 21st century, particularly in the light of growing globalization. A major theme of the book is the need to recognise and reconcile the inevitable tension that lies between value judgements and ‘rational’ decision-making. As such, in addition to introducing techniques such as costing and economic appraisal, it also outlines techniques such as stakeholder analysis for understanding the relative attitudes and power of different groups in planning decisions. Each chapter includes a comprehensive bibliography (including key websites), a summary, and exercises to help with practise of techniques and understanding the content. The book argues that all health professionals and community groups should be involved in the planning process for it to be effective.Less
This text, the latest edition, explains the importance of health planning in both developing regions such as Africa, and those in transition, such as Central and Eastern Europe. It stresses the importance of understanding the national and international context in which planning occurs, and provides an up to date analysis of the major current policy issues, including health reforms. Separate chapters are dedicated to the distinct issues of finance for health care and human resource planning. The book explains the various techniques used at each stage of the planning process, looking first at the situational analysis and then looking in turn at priority-setting, option appraisal, programming, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The book ends by examining the challenges facing planners in the 21st century, particularly in the light of growing globalization. A major theme of the book is the need to recognise and reconcile the inevitable tension that lies between value judgements and ‘rational’ decision-making. As such, in addition to introducing techniques such as costing and economic appraisal, it also outlines techniques such as stakeholder analysis for understanding the relative attitudes and power of different groups in planning decisions. Each chapter includes a comprehensive bibliography (including key websites), a summary, and exercises to help with practise of techniques and understanding the content. The book argues that all health professionals and community groups should be involved in the planning process for it to be effective.
Andrew Green
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198571346
- eISBN:
- 9780191724138
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198571346.003.0014
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter brings together some of the themes that have been discussed earlier in the book, and focuses on the management of the planning process. It first looks at appropriate criteria and ...
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This chapter brings together some of the themes that have been discussed earlier in the book, and focuses on the management of the planning process. It first looks at appropriate criteria and characteristics of a planning system; this is followed by a case study of such a system. The chapter concludes by looking at a number of myths in planning which need to be dispelled if the record of planning is to be improved in the future.Less
This chapter brings together some of the themes that have been discussed earlier in the book, and focuses on the management of the planning process. It first looks at appropriate criteria and characteristics of a planning system; this is followed by a case study of such a system. The chapter concludes by looking at a number of myths in planning which need to be dispelled if the record of planning is to be improved in the future.
Robyn Muncy
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691122731
- eISBN:
- 9781400852413
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691122731.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1935 to 1939. Despite her many other roles, Roche's primary obligation in the New Deal government was oversight of health policy. She ...
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This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1935 to 1939. Despite her many other roles, Roche's primary obligation in the New Deal government was oversight of health policy. She fulfilled that obligation in two ways. Within the Treasury Department, she took charge of the Public Health Service at a moment of explosive growth, championing a vastly expanded mandate for the agency and building a more effective public health infrastructure in the states. Outside the Treasury, she spearheaded a campaign to elevate health care to the status of a “basic American right.” In the course of that campaign, Roche patched together a national health plan, which she used to generate a nationwide conversation about the role of the federal government in health care.Less
This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1935 to 1939. Despite her many other roles, Roche's primary obligation in the New Deal government was oversight of health policy. She fulfilled that obligation in two ways. Within the Treasury Department, she took charge of the Public Health Service at a moment of explosive growth, championing a vastly expanded mandate for the agency and building a more effective public health infrastructure in the states. Outside the Treasury, she spearheaded a campaign to elevate health care to the status of a “basic American right.” In the course of that campaign, Roche patched together a national health plan, which she used to generate a nationwide conversation about the role of the federal government in health care.
Andrew Green
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198571346
- eISBN:
- 9780191724138
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198571346.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter provides a general introduction to the rationale for planning as a means of making decisions about the future. It examines the arguments as to why planning, rather than a market ...
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This chapter provides a general introduction to the rationale for planning as a means of making decisions about the future. It examines the arguments as to why planning, rather than a market mechanism for allocating health care, is appropriate within a primary health care context.Less
This chapter provides a general introduction to the rationale for planning as a means of making decisions about the future. It examines the arguments as to why planning, rather than a market mechanism for allocating health care, is appropriate within a primary health care context.
Robert I. Field
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199746750
- eISBN:
- 9780199354528
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199746750.003.0006
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Private health insurance emerged from the efforts of hospitals and physicians to devise alternative payment arrangements during the Great Depression. Two federal policiesfostered its spread during ...
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Private health insurance emerged from the efforts of hospitals and physicians to devise alternative payment arrangements during the Great Depression. Two federal policiesfostered its spread during and just after World War II. One forgeda link with employment by permitting companies to add health coverage under a wage freeze. The other enshrined the link by permitting workers to receive this benefit tax-free. The resulting tax subsidy today costs $250 billion a year. Federal policies nurtured further industry growth through Medicare and Medicaid, which include large administrative roles for private insurers, and the Affordable Care Act, which subsidizes the market for individual policies. Another federal initiative transformed the industry’s operational paradigm bylaunching managed care. Without government support, private health insurance would look quite different. Its link with employment would be weaker, it would include few, if any,managed care plans, and itwould generate much less in profits.Less
Private health insurance emerged from the efforts of hospitals and physicians to devise alternative payment arrangements during the Great Depression. Two federal policiesfostered its spread during and just after World War II. One forgeda link with employment by permitting companies to add health coverage under a wage freeze. The other enshrined the link by permitting workers to receive this benefit tax-free. The resulting tax subsidy today costs $250 billion a year. Federal policies nurtured further industry growth through Medicare and Medicaid, which include large administrative roles for private insurers, and the Affordable Care Act, which subsidizes the market for individual policies. Another federal initiative transformed the industry’s operational paradigm bylaunching managed care. Without government support, private health insurance would look quite different. Its link with employment would be weaker, it would include few, if any,managed care plans, and itwould generate much less in profits.
Raj Bhopal
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199543144
- eISBN:
- 9780191723995
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199543144.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the science that underpins health and health care, and is concerned with the pattern, frequency, and causes of disease. This book describes and illustrates epidemiology and its ...
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Epidemiology is the science that underpins health and health care, and is concerned with the pattern, frequency, and causes of disease. This book describes and illustrates epidemiology and its applications to policy making, health service planning, and health promotion. This book's first edition developed a conceptual approach to epidemiology, which involves a systematic focus on underlying concepts and fundamental principles, and this edition expands upon this popular method. It emphasizes theories and principles, as the bedrock of methodology, countering the mounting criticism that epidemiology is an atheoretical discipline. The interdependence of epidemiological studies and their essential unit within a theoretical, technical, and ethical framework is an important theme of this book. The emphasis is on interactive learning throughout, with each chapter including learning objectives, both theoretical and numerical exercises, recent examination questions from relevant courses, and a summary. The text is illustrated, with material summarised in tables.Less
Epidemiology is the science that underpins health and health care, and is concerned with the pattern, frequency, and causes of disease. This book describes and illustrates epidemiology and its applications to policy making, health service planning, and health promotion. This book's first edition developed a conceptual approach to epidemiology, which involves a systematic focus on underlying concepts and fundamental principles, and this edition expands upon this popular method. It emphasizes theories and principles, as the bedrock of methodology, countering the mounting criticism that epidemiology is an atheoretical discipline. The interdependence of epidemiological studies and their essential unit within a theoretical, technical, and ethical framework is an important theme of this book. The emphasis is on interactive learning throughout, with each chapter including learning objectives, both theoretical and numerical exercises, recent examination questions from relevant courses, and a summary. The text is illustrated, with material summarised in tables.
Peter J. Neumann
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195171860
- eISBN:
- 9780199865345
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171860.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
It is widely agreed that cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) could shed light on ways for the U.S. health care system to achieve better value. However, to date American policy makers have largely ...
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It is widely agreed that cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) could shed light on ways for the U.S. health care system to achieve better value. However, to date American policy makers have largely avoided using CEA and researchers have devoted little attention to understanding why this is so. By considering the economic, social, legal, and ethical factors that contribute to the situation, and how they can be negotiated in the future, this book offers a unique perspective. It traces the roots of CEA in health and medicine, describes its promise for rational resource allocation, and discusses the nature of the opposition to it, using Medicare and the Oregon health plan as examples. In exploring the disconnection between the promise of CEA and the persist failure of rational intentions, the book seeks to find common ground and practical solutions.Less
It is widely agreed that cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) could shed light on ways for the U.S. health care system to achieve better value. However, to date American policy makers have largely avoided using CEA and researchers have devoted little attention to understanding why this is so. By considering the economic, social, legal, and ethical factors that contribute to the situation, and how they can be negotiated in the future, this book offers a unique perspective. It traces the roots of CEA in health and medicine, describes its promise for rational resource allocation, and discusses the nature of the opposition to it, using Medicare and the Oregon health plan as examples. In exploring the disconnection between the promise of CEA and the persist failure of rational intentions, the book seeks to find common ground and practical solutions.
Andrew Green
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198571346
- eISBN:
- 9780191724138
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198571346.003.0006
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter introduces a number of issues in the area of information. It discusses in general terms a number of characteristics of information. It then turns to the information systems that provide ...
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This chapter introduces a number of issues in the area of information. It discusses in general terms a number of characteristics of information. It then turns to the information systems that provide this basic requirement of planning. It examines methods of collecting information and then discusses the need for feedback within information-collection systems, and issues of the analysis and presentation of information. Lastly, the chapter introduces issues of system management.Less
This chapter introduces a number of issues in the area of information. It discusses in general terms a number of characteristics of information. It then turns to the information systems that provide this basic requirement of planning. It examines methods of collecting information and then discusses the need for feedback within information-collection systems, and issues of the analysis and presentation of information. Lastly, the chapter introduces issues of system management.
Andrew Green
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198571346
- eISBN:
- 9780191724138
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198571346.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter discusses the financing aspect of health-care planning. It outlines the pressures that have led to the current interest in health-care financing, and argues that country-specific ...
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This chapter discusses the financing aspect of health-care planning. It outlines the pressures that have led to the current interest in health-care financing, and argues that country-specific analysis of these pressures needs to be undertaken by planners as a basis for policy formulation. Criteria for assessing funding mechanisms are introduced, and the major alternatives for financing health care are described. Recent developments in the way in which external support is provided are discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the financing aspect of health-care planning. It outlines the pressures that have led to the current interest in health-care financing, and argues that country-specific analysis of these pressures needs to be undertaken by planners as a basis for policy formulation. Criteria for assessing funding mechanisms are introduced, and the major alternatives for financing health care are described. Recent developments in the way in which external support is provided are discussed.
Charles M. Cutler
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195176360
- eISBN:
- 9780199865598
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195176360.003.16
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Managed care organizations (MCOs) provide a unique service by monitoring and assessing areas for improvement in healthcare. A brief historical account of the development of health insurance in the ...
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Managed care organizations (MCOs) provide a unique service by monitoring and assessing areas for improvement in healthcare. A brief historical account of the development of health insurance in the U.S. contextualizes the development of MCOs. MCOs attempt to keep healthcare affordable by holding providers accountable. Employers embraced health plans in the 1990s with the expectation that they would help save money. However, critics and the public started to believe that health plans' primary interest was in saving money instead of coordinating care, improving access, and providing preventative medicine. This chapter argues that consumers are unaware of how MCOs have brought a new emphasis on transparency and accountability to the healthcare system. Instead, consumer misunderstandings about their health plan choices, the care that is covered, and the cost and quality of MCOs, have led to significant trust issues. The chapter concludes by offering suggestions of how these trust issues can be addressed by increasing communication and responsiveness between MCOs, patients, and providers.Less
Managed care organizations (MCOs) provide a unique service by monitoring and assessing areas for improvement in healthcare. A brief historical account of the development of health insurance in the U.S. contextualizes the development of MCOs. MCOs attempt to keep healthcare affordable by holding providers accountable. Employers embraced health plans in the 1990s with the expectation that they would help save money. However, critics and the public started to believe that health plans' primary interest was in saving money instead of coordinating care, improving access, and providing preventative medicine. This chapter argues that consumers are unaware of how MCOs have brought a new emphasis on transparency and accountability to the healthcare system. Instead, consumer misunderstandings about their health plan choices, the care that is covered, and the cost and quality of MCOs, have led to significant trust issues. The chapter concludes by offering suggestions of how these trust issues can be addressed by increasing communication and responsiveness between MCOs, patients, and providers.
Andrew Green
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198571346
- eISBN:
- 9780191724138
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198571346.003.0012
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter discusses the stages of programming and implementation. It first outlines some of the issues faced in programming, and in particular the relationship between programmes and projects and ...
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This chapter discusses the stages of programming and implementation. It first outlines some of the issues faced in programming, and in particular the relationship between programmes and projects and donors. It then looks at the record on the implementation of plans and how it can be improved.Less
This chapter discusses the stages of programming and implementation. It first outlines some of the issues faced in programming, and in particular the relationship between programmes and projects and donors. It then looks at the record on the implementation of plans and how it can be improved.
John Tobin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199603299
- eISBN:
- 9780191731662
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603299.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter seeks to identify the meaning of the obligation on states to ‘take steps’ to realize the right to health by ‘all appropriate means’. It shows that the work of the human rights treaty ...
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This chapter seeks to identify the meaning of the obligation on states to ‘take steps’ to realize the right to health by ‘all appropriate means’. It shows that the work of the human rights treaty monitoring bodies offers considerable insights into the nature of the ‘appropriate…means’ required of states to secure the right to health with respect to measures such as judicial remedies and the adoption of national health plans. However, these contributions, particularly those of the Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, have tended to inflate the scope of the measures required of states in a way that fails to pay sufficient attention to the need for both internal and external system coherence. A more modest vision with respect to the scope of a state's obligation will therefore be offered.Less
This chapter seeks to identify the meaning of the obligation on states to ‘take steps’ to realize the right to health by ‘all appropriate means’. It shows that the work of the human rights treaty monitoring bodies offers considerable insights into the nature of the ‘appropriate…means’ required of states to secure the right to health with respect to measures such as judicial remedies and the adoption of national health plans. However, these contributions, particularly those of the Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, have tended to inflate the scope of the measures required of states in a way that fails to pay sufficient attention to the need for both internal and external system coherence. A more modest vision with respect to the scope of a state's obligation will therefore be offered.
Andrew Green
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198571346
- eISBN:
- 9780191724138
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198571346.003.0011
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
The resource allocation and budgeting process is one of the most powerful stages of planning. Resource allocation refers to the distribution of resources, and in particular finance, from the centre ...
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The resource allocation and budgeting process is one of the most powerful stages of planning. Resource allocation refers to the distribution of resources, and in particular finance, from the centre to peripheral levels. Budgeting implies the more detailed determination of precisely how these funds are to be used. This chapter first outlines the major types of budget. It then looks at the main approaches to budgeting and resource allocation, and lastly discusses financial management issues relevant to the planner.Less
The resource allocation and budgeting process is one of the most powerful stages of planning. Resource allocation refers to the distribution of resources, and in particular finance, from the centre to peripheral levels. Budgeting implies the more detailed determination of precisely how these funds are to be used. This chapter first outlines the major types of budget. It then looks at the main approaches to budgeting and resource allocation, and lastly discusses financial management issues relevant to the planner.
Hans C.M. van Trijp
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199571512
- eISBN:
- 9780191595097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571512.003.0022
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter introduces social marketing approach and its possible applications in the field of obesity prevention. Because social marketing approaches to obesity are just beginning to emerge, it ...
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This chapter introduces social marketing approach and its possible applications in the field of obesity prevention. Because social marketing approaches to obesity are just beginning to emerge, it draws on the social marketing approaches in the public health literature more generally. It shows that several features of social marketing thinking have already been successfully included in public health planning processes. However, although social marketing shares many features with other related public health planning processes, it is distinguished by the systematic emphasis marketers place on the strategic integration of the elements in marketing's conceptual framework.Less
This chapter introduces social marketing approach and its possible applications in the field of obesity prevention. Because social marketing approaches to obesity are just beginning to emerge, it draws on the social marketing approaches in the public health literature more generally. It shows that several features of social marketing thinking have already been successfully included in public health planning processes. However, although social marketing shares many features with other related public health planning processes, it is distinguished by the systematic emphasis marketers place on the strategic integration of the elements in marketing's conceptual framework.
Andrew Green
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198571346
- eISBN:
- 9780191724138
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198571346.003.0007
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter examines first step in any planning process: situational analysis. The purpose of a situational analysis is to provide a broad basis of understanding. This is for two reasons. Firstly, ...
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This chapter examines first step in any planning process: situational analysis. The purpose of a situational analysis is to provide a broad basis of understanding. This is for two reasons. Firstly, it provides a common reference point for the rest of the planning process; and secondly, it provides the background for the selection of priority areas of concern for planning. The key content of a situational analysis are discussed: population characteristics, area characteristics and infrastructure, health needs, policy and political environment, health needs, health services, resources, and the efficiency, effectiveness, equity, and quality of current services.Less
This chapter examines first step in any planning process: situational analysis. The purpose of a situational analysis is to provide a broad basis of understanding. This is for two reasons. Firstly, it provides a common reference point for the rest of the planning process; and secondly, it provides the background for the selection of priority areas of concern for planning. The key content of a situational analysis are discussed: population characteristics, area characteristics and infrastructure, health needs, policy and political environment, health needs, health services, resources, and the efficiency, effectiveness, equity, and quality of current services.
Ka-che Yip
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622095878
- eISBN:
- 9789882206854
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622095878.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter highlights the major steps taken by post-war Taiwan's anti-malaria efforts. It focuses on several themes that provide the analytical framework for understanding the Nationalist ...
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This chapter highlights the major steps taken by post-war Taiwan's anti-malaria efforts. It focuses on several themes that provide the analytical framework for understanding the Nationalist government's success: the legacy of the Japanese colonial state; the role, philosophy, and strategy of the Nationalist state in health planning and disease control in the mainland and in Taiwan; the dominance of the biomedical and technological approach in public health; the development and consequences of a global anti-malaria campaign; and the emergence of a postwar hegemonic political and economic order that helped to shape the politics of international health. It notes that to better understand the significance of malaria eradication in Taiwan, it is important to put the Nationalist government's anti-malaria programs in the broad historical perspective of developments in the colonial and postcolonial periods.Less
This chapter highlights the major steps taken by post-war Taiwan's anti-malaria efforts. It focuses on several themes that provide the analytical framework for understanding the Nationalist government's success: the legacy of the Japanese colonial state; the role, philosophy, and strategy of the Nationalist state in health planning and disease control in the mainland and in Taiwan; the dominance of the biomedical and technological approach in public health; the development and consequences of a global anti-malaria campaign; and the emergence of a postwar hegemonic political and economic order that helped to shape the politics of international health. It notes that to better understand the significance of malaria eradication in Taiwan, it is important to put the Nationalist government's anti-malaria programs in the broad historical perspective of developments in the colonial and postcolonial periods.
James A. Wooten
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520242739
- eISBN:
- 9780520931398
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520242739.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) introduced a new conceptual frame of reference for federal pension policy. Although ERISA was known as the “pension reform law,” it has also ...
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Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) introduced a new conceptual frame of reference for federal pension policy. Although ERISA was known as the “pension reform law,” it has also had a major effect on medical provision in the United States. The political history of ERISA suggests that, without the threat of conflicting state laws, employers and unions that sponsor multistate health plans will oppose initiatives to create federal minimum standards for health plans or expand the liability of such plans. The tax treatment of pension plans created a significant disparity in the tax laws. ERISA’s limited regulation of welfare plans and its sweeping preemption provision produced a healthcare system in which there are different rules for plans sponsored by public- and private-sector employers and different rules for private-sector plans depending on whether a plan purchases insurance or self-insures. The major influences of ERISA on health policy are explained.Less
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) introduced a new conceptual frame of reference for federal pension policy. Although ERISA was known as the “pension reform law,” it has also had a major effect on medical provision in the United States. The political history of ERISA suggests that, without the threat of conflicting state laws, employers and unions that sponsor multistate health plans will oppose initiatives to create federal minimum standards for health plans or expand the liability of such plans. The tax treatment of pension plans created a significant disparity in the tax laws. ERISA’s limited regulation of welfare plans and its sweeping preemption provision produced a healthcare system in which there are different rules for plans sponsored by public- and private-sector employers and different rules for private-sector plans depending on whether a plan purchases insurance or self-insures. The major influences of ERISA on health policy are explained.
Robyn Muncy
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691122731
- eISBN:
- 9781400852413
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691122731.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Josephine Roche (1886–1976) was a progressive activist, New Deal policymaker, and businesswoman. As a pro-labor and feminist member of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, she shaped the founding ...
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Josephine Roche (1886–1976) was a progressive activist, New Deal policymaker, and businesswoman. As a pro-labor and feminist member of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, she shaped the founding legislation of the U.S. welfare state and generated the national conversation about health care policy that Americans are still having today. This book offers Roche's persistent progressivism as evidence for surprising continuities among the Progressive Era, the New Deal, and the Great Society. The book explains that Roche became the second-highest-ranking woman in the New Deal government after running a Colorado coal company in partnership with coal miners themselves. Once in office, Roche developed a national health plan that was stymied by World War II but enacted piecemeal during the postwar period, culminating in Medicare and Medicaid in the 1960s. By then, Roche directed the United Mine Workers of America Welfare and Retirement Fund, an initiative aimed at bolstering the labor movement, advancing managed health care, and reorganizing medicine to facilitate national health insurance, one of Roche's unrealized dreams. This book uses Roche's dramatic life story as a unique vantage point from which to examine the challenges that women have faced in public life and to reassess the meaning and trajectory of progressive reform.Less
Josephine Roche (1886–1976) was a progressive activist, New Deal policymaker, and businesswoman. As a pro-labor and feminist member of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, she shaped the founding legislation of the U.S. welfare state and generated the national conversation about health care policy that Americans are still having today. This book offers Roche's persistent progressivism as evidence for surprising continuities among the Progressive Era, the New Deal, and the Great Society. The book explains that Roche became the second-highest-ranking woman in the New Deal government after running a Colorado coal company in partnership with coal miners themselves. Once in office, Roche developed a national health plan that was stymied by World War II but enacted piecemeal during the postwar period, culminating in Medicare and Medicaid in the 1960s. By then, Roche directed the United Mine Workers of America Welfare and Retirement Fund, an initiative aimed at bolstering the labor movement, advancing managed health care, and reorganizing medicine to facilitate national health insurance, one of Roche's unrealized dreams. This book uses Roche's dramatic life story as a unique vantage point from which to examine the challenges that women have faced in public life and to reassess the meaning and trajectory of progressive reform.
J.A. English-Lueck
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804771573
- eISBN:
- 9780804775793
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804771573.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
As the great American work-benefit experiment erodes, companies are increasingly asking people to take responsibility for managing their own health. There is no question that work and health are ...
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As the great American work-benefit experiment erodes, companies are increasingly asking people to take responsibility for managing their own health. There is no question that work and health are intertwined. But what effect does an intensely productive, globally connected, high-tech work environment have on a population largely entrusted with overseeing their own health needs? In California's Silicon Valley, a distinctive and medically diverse health culture has emerged. This book explores this health culture, detailing the biomedical, countercultural, and immigrant-based beliefs and practices that shape ideas about working, care-giving, and what it means to be healthy. The book shows that the integration of workplace productivity with personal health has created national patterns of discrimination against those not in the productive mainstream, including the unemployed, retired, and chronically ill. But new ideas about work and health can clarify core American values, highlight emerging global trends, and provide a vital assessment of the evolution of our shared pursuit of well-being. While policymakers debate the possibilities for health insurance reform and government provisions, they overlook this lived experience. The shift of responsibility from organization to individual, a key feature of late capitalism, has significant implications. Individuals are supposed to be unfettered innovators at work, while managing the mundane details of their pensions and health plans. Workers are simultaneously responsible for work projects and for themselves as projects. Here, where work and health collide, in the front offices and on the warehouse floors, is one of the key ways in which people, in the guise of workers, feel capitalism.Less
As the great American work-benefit experiment erodes, companies are increasingly asking people to take responsibility for managing their own health. There is no question that work and health are intertwined. But what effect does an intensely productive, globally connected, high-tech work environment have on a population largely entrusted with overseeing their own health needs? In California's Silicon Valley, a distinctive and medically diverse health culture has emerged. This book explores this health culture, detailing the biomedical, countercultural, and immigrant-based beliefs and practices that shape ideas about working, care-giving, and what it means to be healthy. The book shows that the integration of workplace productivity with personal health has created national patterns of discrimination against those not in the productive mainstream, including the unemployed, retired, and chronically ill. But new ideas about work and health can clarify core American values, highlight emerging global trends, and provide a vital assessment of the evolution of our shared pursuit of well-being. While policymakers debate the possibilities for health insurance reform and government provisions, they overlook this lived experience. The shift of responsibility from organization to individual, a key feature of late capitalism, has significant implications. Individuals are supposed to be unfettered innovators at work, while managing the mundane details of their pensions and health plans. Workers are simultaneously responsible for work projects and for themselves as projects. Here, where work and health collide, in the front offices and on the warehouse floors, is one of the key ways in which people, in the guise of workers, feel capitalism.
Norman Daniels and James E. Sabin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195149364
- eISBN:
- 9780199865123
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149364.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
The central idea for this book is that we lack consensus on principles for allocating resources and, in the absence of such a consensus, we must rely on a fair decision-making process for setting ...
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The central idea for this book is that we lack consensus on principles for allocating resources and, in the absence of such a consensus, we must rely on a fair decision-making process for setting limits on health care. The book provides a cogent analysis of the current situation and reviews the usual candidate solutions. It also describes the book's own approach, which represents a clear advance in thinking. The goal of this book is to answer a central question about justice and health care: how can a society or health plan meet population health care needs fairly under resource limitations?Less
The central idea for this book is that we lack consensus on principles for allocating resources and, in the absence of such a consensus, we must rely on a fair decision-making process for setting limits on health care. The book provides a cogent analysis of the current situation and reviews the usual candidate solutions. It also describes the book's own approach, which represents a clear advance in thinking. The goal of this book is to answer a central question about justice and health care: how can a society or health plan meet population health care needs fairly under resource limitations?
