John Kemm (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199656011
- eISBN:
- 9780191748028
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656011.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a process which helps decision making by predicting the consequences for health of choosing different options in terms of policies, plans, and projects. There is ...
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Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a process which helps decision making by predicting the consequences for health of choosing different options in terms of policies, plans, and projects. There is growing interest among health professionals, planners, and politicians in using HIA to help safeguard and improve the health of populations and reduce health inequalities. This book explores the past development of HIA, its current practice, and possible future. Written in two parts, the first section provides an overview describing the various ways in which an HIA can be done. Practical in emphasis, it describes how HIA can be applied in different contexts to meet the needs of different decision makers and answer a variety of questions. It deals not only with the many good reasons for using HIA but also critically examines the weaknesses of current practice. The second part consists of chapters demonstrating the various pressures and legislative frameworks that have shaped the evolution of HIA. The aim is to illustrate the range of views about the reasons for doing HIA and how it should be done, and to reveal how the practice of HIA has been adapted to suit different cultures and help decision making in varying situations.Less
Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a process which helps decision making by predicting the consequences for health of choosing different options in terms of policies, plans, and projects. There is growing interest among health professionals, planners, and politicians in using HIA to help safeguard and improve the health of populations and reduce health inequalities. This book explores the past development of HIA, its current practice, and possible future. Written in two parts, the first section provides an overview describing the various ways in which an HIA can be done. Practical in emphasis, it describes how HIA can be applied in different contexts to meet the needs of different decision makers and answer a variety of questions. It deals not only with the many good reasons for using HIA but also critically examines the weaknesses of current practice. The second part consists of chapters demonstrating the various pressures and legislative frameworks that have shaped the evolution of HIA. The aim is to illustrate the range of views about the reasons for doing HIA and how it should be done, and to reveal how the practice of HIA has been adapted to suit different cultures and help decision making in varying situations.
John Kemm, Jayne Parry, and Stephen Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198526292
- eISBN:
- 9780191723889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526292.003.0003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter reviews the current state of affairs on this intersection between the older health inequalities tradition and the evolving health impact assessment (HIA) field. It then summarizes the ...
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This chapter reviews the current state of affairs on this intersection between the older health inequalities tradition and the evolving health impact assessment (HIA) field. It then summarizes the available evidence on health inequalities. It outlines the next possible approaches for assessing the impact of policies on health inequalities, and a few HIA examples are discussed in which health inequalities have been explicitly considered. Finally, a research agenda is laid out to develop the tools that will in the future help us to assess reliably and validly the impact of policies on health inequalities.Less
This chapter reviews the current state of affairs on this intersection between the older health inequalities tradition and the evolving health impact assessment (HIA) field. It then summarizes the available evidence on health inequalities. It outlines the next possible approaches for assessing the impact of policies on health inequalities, and a few HIA examples are discussed in which health inequalities have been explicitly considered. Finally, a research agenda is laid out to develop the tools that will in the future help us to assess reliably and validly the impact of policies on health inequalities.
K.M. Venkat Narayan, Desmond Williams, Edward W. Gregg, and Catherine C. Cowie (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195317060
- eISBN:
- 9780199871544
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195317060.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Numerous research programs have developed over the last decade to improve the understanding of the causes, prevention, and treatment of diabetes and its complications. Efficient synthesis of the data ...
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Numerous research programs have developed over the last decade to improve the understanding of the causes, prevention, and treatment of diabetes and its complications. Efficient synthesis of the data and information from these diverse sources is crucial to prioritize interventions and assemble resources for the implementation of public health programs. This book meets this need and builds on previous works to reflect the evolution of science related to diabetes public health. Through compelling evidence related to the current health and economic impact of diabetes, the book provides effective approaches to prevent and manage diabetes through the practice of public health. It combines descriptions of risk factors and complications, effective and cost-effective approaches to prevention and treatment, translational research, and genomics to give an analysis on diabetes public health. Critical review and synthesis of influential epidemiologic studies and consensus statements, expected future advances in trials and technologies, and public health information resources are also highlighted topics.Less
Numerous research programs have developed over the last decade to improve the understanding of the causes, prevention, and treatment of diabetes and its complications. Efficient synthesis of the data and information from these diverse sources is crucial to prioritize interventions and assemble resources for the implementation of public health programs. This book meets this need and builds on previous works to reflect the evolution of science related to diabetes public health. Through compelling evidence related to the current health and economic impact of diabetes, the book provides effective approaches to prevent and manage diabetes through the practice of public health. It combines descriptions of risk factors and complications, effective and cost-effective approaches to prevention and treatment, translational research, and genomics to give an analysis on diabetes public health. Critical review and synthesis of influential epidemiologic studies and consensus statements, expected future advances in trials and technologies, and public health information resources are also highlighted topics.
Annalee Yassi, Tord Kjellström, Theo de Kok, and Tee L. Guidotti
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195135589
- eISBN:
- 9780199864102
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195135589.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This introductory chapter presents an overview of macro-level influences on health. Topics discussed include birth, life, death, and the environment; historical perspective; basic requirements of a ...
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This introductory chapter presents an overview of macro-level influences on health. Topics discussed include birth, life, death, and the environment; historical perspective; basic requirements of a healthy environment; measuring environmental quality, human exposure, and health impact; patterns of illness throughout the world; impact of environmental factors on health; obstacles to and opportunities for resolving environmental health problems; and the role of the environmental health professional.Less
This introductory chapter presents an overview of macro-level influences on health. Topics discussed include birth, life, death, and the environment; historical perspective; basic requirements of a healthy environment; measuring environmental quality, human exposure, and health impact; patterns of illness throughout the world; impact of environmental factors on health; obstacles to and opportunities for resolving environmental health problems; and the role of the environmental health professional.
Eva Elliott, Emily Harrop, and Gareth H. Williams
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199562848
- eISBN:
- 9780191722523
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562848.003.12
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter explores two different forms of public protest against land developments that were considered by local people to threaten public health. They diverged in terms of their means of struggle ...
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This chapter explores two different forms of public protest against land developments that were considered by local people to threaten public health. They diverged in terms of their means of struggle and in the different opportunity structures open to them. In the first example, a protest group, known as ‘Rhondda Against Nanty-y-Gwyddon Tip’ or RANT, came to pursue an oppositional course in their struggle to close and make safe a local landfill site. In the second, local residents used the process of a health impact assessment (HIA), through a university-based HIA support unit and the national public health service for Wales, to present evidence on possible risks to public health in an appeal against an application to extend an opencast mine.Less
This chapter explores two different forms of public protest against land developments that were considered by local people to threaten public health. They diverged in terms of their means of struggle and in the different opportunity structures open to them. In the first example, a protest group, known as ‘Rhondda Against Nanty-y-Gwyddon Tip’ or RANT, came to pursue an oppositional course in their struggle to close and make safe a local landfill site. In the second, local residents used the process of a health impact assessment (HIA), through a university-based HIA support unit and the national public health service for Wales, to present evidence on possible risks to public health in an appeal against an application to extend an opencast mine.
A. J. McMichael and G. Ranmuthugala
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195172997
- eISBN:
- 9780199865659
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195172997.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter discusses the health impacts of global environmental change. Topics covered include relationship between globalization and global environmental change, impacts of climate change, ...
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This chapter discusses the health impacts of global environmental change. Topics covered include relationship between globalization and global environmental change, impacts of climate change, interaction between weather and air pollution; effects of economic, social, and demographic disruption; and strategies to reduce population health risks from climate change.Less
This chapter discusses the health impacts of global environmental change. Topics covered include relationship between globalization and global environmental change, impacts of climate change, interaction between weather and air pollution; effects of economic, social, and demographic disruption; and strategies to reduce population health risks from climate change.
John Kemm, Jayne Parry, and Stephen Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198526292
- eISBN:
- 9780191723889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526292.003.0014
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter examines international policies on health impact assessment (HIA). Topics covered include policies of the World Health Organization, the European Community, and other intergovernmental ...
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This chapter examines international policies on health impact assessment (HIA). Topics covered include policies of the World Health Organization, the European Community, and other intergovernmental organizations.Less
This chapter examines international policies on health impact assessment (HIA). Topics covered include policies of the World Health Organization, the European Community, and other intergovernmental organizations.
Tord Kjellstrom and Sarah Hinde
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195172997
- eISBN:
- 9780199865659
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195172997.003.0006
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter discusses the health impacts of car reliance. The various health impacts caused by the modern private motor-vehicle-based transport system includes car crash injuries, lung and heart ...
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This chapter discusses the health impacts of car reliance. The various health impacts caused by the modern private motor-vehicle-based transport system includes car crash injuries, lung and heart effects of vehicle-related air pollution, disturbance and blood pressure effects of noise, reduced physical activity and associated obesity, and community disruption from major roads. In addition, greenhouse gases, climate change, and other environmental issues are considered. While there is a convincing and growing body of evidence on these effects, further research is required to fully quantify and understand them. Moreover, comprehensive assessments of the health impacts of transport systems and the value of interventions are essential.Less
This chapter discusses the health impacts of car reliance. The various health impacts caused by the modern private motor-vehicle-based transport system includes car crash injuries, lung and heart effects of vehicle-related air pollution, disturbance and blood pressure effects of noise, reduced physical activity and associated obesity, and community disruption from major roads. In addition, greenhouse gases, climate change, and other environmental issues are considered. While there is a convincing and growing body of evidence on these effects, further research is required to fully quantify and understand them. Moreover, comprehensive assessments of the health impacts of transport systems and the value of interventions are essential.
Michael Lean
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199571512
- eISBN:
- 9780191595097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571512.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter presents a brief overview of the health consequences of obesity. It summarizes the epidemiological data on obesity and health and their impact from a patient-centred perspective. Only ...
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This chapter presents a brief overview of the health consequences of obesity. It summarizes the epidemiological data on obesity and health and their impact from a patient-centred perspective. Only with an understanding of both these issues can the full impact of health consequences be assessed. It shows that obesity is a very costly disease that is seriously under-treated.Less
This chapter presents a brief overview of the health consequences of obesity. It summarizes the epidemiological data on obesity and health and their impact from a patient-centred perspective. Only with an understanding of both these issues can the full impact of health consequences be assessed. It shows that obesity is a very costly disease that is seriously under-treated.
John Kemm, Jayne Parry, and Stephen Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198526292
- eISBN:
- 9780191723889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526292.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter presents an introduction to health impact assessment (HIA). Topics discussed include definition and purpose of HIA, the conceptual roots of HIA, positivistic and relativistic bases for ...
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This chapter presents an introduction to health impact assessment (HIA). Topics discussed include definition and purpose of HIA, the conceptual roots of HIA, positivistic and relativistic bases for predictions in HIA, values of HIA, and quality criteria for HIA. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.Less
This chapter presents an introduction to health impact assessment (HIA). Topics discussed include definition and purpose of HIA, the conceptual roots of HIA, positivistic and relativistic bases for predictions in HIA, values of HIA, and quality criteria for HIA. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
Anna Breman and Carolyn Shelton
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195172997
- eISBN:
- 9780199865659
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195172997.003.0013
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter reviews literature comparing empirical, theoretical, and normative articles on the relationship between structural adjustment programs (SAPs) and health. The first section discusses the ...
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This chapter reviews literature comparing empirical, theoretical, and normative articles on the relationship between structural adjustment programs (SAPs) and health. The first section discusses the debate, the role-players, their main arguments, and trends in the debate. The second section presents a framework illustrating the causal arguments for how structural adjustment may affect health outcomes and discusses methodological issues in empirical estimations of this relationship. The third section summarizes and analyzes the empirical evidence, and finally draws conclusions from the review.Less
This chapter reviews literature comparing empirical, theoretical, and normative articles on the relationship between structural adjustment programs (SAPs) and health. The first section discusses the debate, the role-players, their main arguments, and trends in the debate. The second section presents a framework illustrating the causal arguments for how structural adjustment may affect health outcomes and discusses methodological issues in empirical estimations of this relationship. The third section summarizes and analyzes the empirical evidence, and finally draws conclusions from the review.
John Kemm, Jayne Parry, and Stephen Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198526292
- eISBN:
- 9780191723889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526292.003.0002
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter traces the development of health impact assessment (HIA) for ten years up to 2003. Topics covered include early origins of HIA, the development of methods for HIA, the development of the ...
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This chapter traces the development of health impact assessment (HIA) for ten years up to 2003. Topics covered include early origins of HIA, the development of methods for HIA, the development of the evidence base of HIA, and the development of the HIA community.Less
This chapter traces the development of health impact assessment (HIA) for ten years up to 2003. Topics covered include early origins of HIA, the development of methods for HIA, the development of the evidence base of HIA, and the development of the HIA community.
John Kemm, Jayne Parry, and Stephen Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198526292
- eISBN:
- 9780191723889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526292.003.0012
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter reviews the development of environmental impact assessment (EIA) to set the context against which lessons can be drawn. It briefly considers the rationale for EIA and indicates the ...
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This chapter reviews the development of environmental impact assessment (EIA) to set the context against which lessons can be drawn. It briefly considers the rationale for EIA and indicates the extent of its spread across the globe as a legal procedure. The chapter then explains how EIA works. This will encompass a consideration of the procedural nature of EIA, which is a crucial point when it comes to the possibility for legal action. It also considers the role of stakeholders, the potential for conflicts of interest to arise as well as public consultation. Finally, it considers the funding of an EIA, which is a practical point of great significance when considering the impartiality of the assessment. The chapter concludes by drawing on the experience with respect to health impact assessment (HIA).Less
This chapter reviews the development of environmental impact assessment (EIA) to set the context against which lessons can be drawn. It briefly considers the rationale for EIA and indicates the extent of its spread across the globe as a legal procedure. The chapter then explains how EIA works. This will encompass a consideration of the procedural nature of EIA, which is a crucial point when it comes to the possibility for legal action. It also considers the role of stakeholders, the potential for conflicts of interest to arise as well as public consultation. Finally, it considers the funding of an EIA, which is a practical point of great significance when considering the impartiality of the assessment. The chapter concludes by drawing on the experience with respect to health impact assessment (HIA).
John Kemm, Jayne Parry, and Stephen Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198526292
- eISBN:
- 9780191723889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526292.003.0024
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes the health impact assessment (HIA) programme for Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam, in which impacts have been quantitated using a combination of health impact calculations, analysis ...
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This chapter describes the health impact assessment (HIA) programme for Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam, in which impacts have been quantitated using a combination of health impact calculations, analysis of health registries, and epidemiological field studies. A monitoring programme has been established to check that the predictions made for health impacts of noise management measures and airport expansion are correct. The lessons of this programme for future HIA in the context of an EIA are discussed.Less
This chapter describes the health impact assessment (HIA) programme for Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam, in which impacts have been quantitated using a combination of health impact calculations, analysis of health registries, and epidemiological field studies. A monitoring programme has been established to check that the predictions made for health impacts of noise management measures and airport expansion are correct. The lessons of this programme for future HIA in the context of an EIA are discussed.
John Kemm, Jayne Parry, and Stephen Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198526292
- eISBN:
- 9780191723889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526292.003.0027
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Canada was one of the first countries in the world to develop a standardized national approach to health impact assessment (HIA). This chapter describes the HIA framework and its evolution over the ...
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Canada was one of the first countries in the world to develop a standardized national approach to health impact assessment (HIA). This chapter describes the HIA framework and its evolution over the past decade.Less
Canada was one of the first countries in the world to develop a standardized national approach to health impact assessment (HIA). This chapter describes the HIA framework and its evolution over the past decade.
Eva Elliott, Gareth Williams, Chloe Chadderton, and Liz Green
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199656011
- eISBN:
- 9780191748028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656011.003.0012
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes the Wales Health Impact Assessment Support Unit (WHIASU) and the evolution of HIA in the context of Wales as a devolved nation with its particular approach to public health. ...
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This chapter describes the Wales Health Impact Assessment Support Unit (WHIASU) and the evolution of HIA in the context of Wales as a devolved nation with its particular approach to public health. The character of WHIASU can only properly be understood in terms of its history and the wider social, policy, and political context of which it is a part. WHIASU's emphasis on involving people potentially affected by a proposal in HIA mirrors the emphasis in Welsh policy documents on citizen engagement as a mechanism for policy and service development. This was intended to contrast markedly with individual choice as the driver for change in England as well as resonating with a sociological theory of knowledge that supports the value of deliberative processes that involve lay people in dialogue with professionals.Less
This chapter describes the Wales Health Impact Assessment Support Unit (WHIASU) and the evolution of HIA in the context of Wales as a devolved nation with its particular approach to public health. The character of WHIASU can only properly be understood in terms of its history and the wider social, policy, and political context of which it is a part. WHIASU's emphasis on involving people potentially affected by a proposal in HIA mirrors the emphasis in Welsh policy documents on citizen engagement as a mechanism for policy and service development. This was intended to contrast markedly with individual choice as the driver for change in England as well as resonating with a sociological theory of knowledge that supports the value of deliberative processes that involve lay people in dialogue with professionals.
Ben Harris-Roxas, Patrick Harris, Marilyn Wise, Fiona Haigh, Harrison Ng Chok, and Elizabeth Harris
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199656011
- eISBN:
- 9780191748028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656011.003.0025
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Australia is a federation comprised of six states, two territories and a federal government. There is legislation in all of these jurisdictions requiring Environmental Impact Assessment of major ...
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Australia is a federation comprised of six states, two territories and a federal government. There is legislation in all of these jurisdictions requiring Environmental Impact Assessment of major developments but no equivalent nationally consistent legislation requiring HIA, and no systematic framework or triggers for undertaking HIA. The purpose of and process for undertaking Health Impact Assessment (HIA) in Australia has been a contested area since the National Health and Medical Research Council released the first National Framework for Environmental and Health Impact Assessment in 1994. There has been concern that there is no evidence of the effectiveness of HIA, dispute over the scope of health issues to be considered and the robustness of evidence. There was also concern that taking a broad view of health might lead to calls for changes in society. Major reviews of HIA have consistently called for Health considerations to be built into EIA but recent studies suggest that while there is some consideration of traditional health risks in air, soil and water there is very limited consideration of a broader view of health and its determinants. While progress in formally adopting HIA has been slow and largely opportunistic consistent progress has been made in building capacity to undertake and provide technical support for HIA.Less
Australia is a federation comprised of six states, two territories and a federal government. There is legislation in all of these jurisdictions requiring Environmental Impact Assessment of major developments but no equivalent nationally consistent legislation requiring HIA, and no systematic framework or triggers for undertaking HIA. The purpose of and process for undertaking Health Impact Assessment (HIA) in Australia has been a contested area since the National Health and Medical Research Council released the first National Framework for Environmental and Health Impact Assessment in 1994. There has been concern that there is no evidence of the effectiveness of HIA, dispute over the scope of health issues to be considered and the robustness of evidence. There was also concern that taking a broad view of health might lead to calls for changes in society. Major reviews of HIA have consistently called for Health considerations to be built into EIA but recent studies suggest that while there is some consideration of traditional health risks in air, soil and water there is very limited consideration of a broader view of health and its determinants. While progress in formally adopting HIA has been slow and largely opportunistic consistent progress has been made in building capacity to undertake and provide technical support for HIA.
Tony McMichael and Alistair Woodward
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780192631985
- eISBN:
- 9780191723582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192631985.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter focuses on the impact of climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion on health. These changes are the consequence of overload and breakdown of global homeostatic mechanisms. Climate ...
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This chapter focuses on the impact of climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion on health. These changes are the consequence of overload and breakdown of global homeostatic mechanisms. Climate change and ozone depletion demonstrate that the planet is a closed system. Problems like these that are inherently global in nature require a response that is also worldwide. This means that international cooperation will be even more important than in the past, when diseases may have been distributed globally but the causes were essentially local.Less
This chapter focuses on the impact of climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion on health. These changes are the consequence of overload and breakdown of global homeostatic mechanisms. Climate change and ozone depletion demonstrate that the planet is a closed system. Problems like these that are inherently global in nature require a response that is also worldwide. This means that international cooperation will be even more important than in the past, when diseases may have been distributed globally but the causes were essentially local.
FINN DIDERICHSEN, MARGARET WHITEHEAD, BO BURSTRÖM, MONICA ÅBERG, and PIROSKA ÖSTLIN
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195137408
- eISBN:
- 9780199863983
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195137408.003.0017
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
In comparing two western European countries, Sweden and the United Kingdom, this chapter demonstrates a methodology for distinguishing empirically between causal pathways in order to explain the way ...
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In comparing two western European countries, Sweden and the United Kingdom, this chapter demonstrates a methodology for distinguishing empirically between causal pathways in order to explain the way that macro-policies affect health. It examines the hypothesis that the effect of poverty on health may be weaker in Sweden than in Britain—that being poor in Sweden may be less damaging to health than being poor in Britain. It questions which aspects of the social and policy context in Britain add to and reinforce the negative experience of being poor, and, conversely, which aspects of living in Swedish society may be more supportive for poor people, possibly making the experience of poverty less stressful and damaging to health. The two countries serve as a “natural policy experiment” and make the case for more robust health equity impact assessments.Less
In comparing two western European countries, Sweden and the United Kingdom, this chapter demonstrates a methodology for distinguishing empirically between causal pathways in order to explain the way that macro-policies affect health. It examines the hypothesis that the effect of poverty on health may be weaker in Sweden than in Britain—that being poor in Sweden may be less damaging to health than being poor in Britain. It questions which aspects of the social and policy context in Britain add to and reinforce the negative experience of being poor, and, conversely, which aspects of living in Swedish society may be more supportive for poor people, possibly making the experience of poverty less stressful and damaging to health. The two countries serve as a “natural policy experiment” and make the case for more robust health equity impact assessments.
John Kemm, Jayne Parry, and Stephen Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198526292
- eISBN:
- 9780191723889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198526292.003.0007
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Meaningful health impact assessment (HIA) depends on the availability of robust quantitative and qualitative evidence of such impacts. This chapter considers what sort of evidence may be required, ...
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Meaningful health impact assessment (HIA) depends on the availability of robust quantitative and qualitative evidence of such impacts. This chapter considers what sort of evidence may be required, what may be available, and some of the current gaps. It also reviews what evidence may mean to those conducting and using HIAs.Less
Meaningful health impact assessment (HIA) depends on the availability of robust quantitative and qualitative evidence of such impacts. This chapter considers what sort of evidence may be required, what may be available, and some of the current gaps. It also reviews what evidence may mean to those conducting and using HIAs.