Steven Whitman, Ami M. Shah, and Maureen R. Benjamins
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199731190
- eISBN:
- 9780199866465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199731190.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter describes the events and lessons that led to the development of the Sinai Model for Reducing Health Disparities and Improving Health. The methods and experiences described in this book ...
More
This chapter describes the events and lessons that led to the development of the Sinai Model for Reducing Health Disparities and Improving Health. The methods and experiences described in this book provide a useful model for how to systematically pursue health improvements in vulnerable communities and simultaneously achieve greater health equity.Less
This chapter describes the events and lessons that led to the development of the Sinai Model for Reducing Health Disparities and Improving Health. The methods and experiences described in this book provide a useful model for how to systematically pursue health improvements in vulnerable communities and simultaneously achieve greater health equity.
Jade L. Dell and Steven Whitman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199731190
- eISBN:
- 9780199866465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199731190.003.0002
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter begins with a review of health disparities in the time of slavery and during the Reconstruction era, the desegregation of health care, and federal health programs and policies. It then ...
More
This chapter begins with a review of health disparities in the time of slavery and during the Reconstruction era, the desegregation of health care, and federal health programs and policies. It then discusses the health status of minority people, the Healthy People movement, and the use of the Using Healthy People paradigm to measure health disparities in real time.Less
This chapter begins with a review of health disparities in the time of slavery and during the Reconstruction era, the desegregation of health care, and federal health programs and policies. It then discusses the health status of minority people, the Healthy People movement, and the use of the Using Healthy People paradigm to measure health disparities in real time.
Barak Richman, Daniel Grossman, and Frank Sloan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195390131
- eISBN:
- 9780199775934
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390131.003.012
- Subject:
- Law, Medical Law
This chapter discusses consumption disparities in outpatient mental health services among a diverse insured working population. It first observes that despite paying equal insurance premiums and ...
More
This chapter discusses consumption disparities in outpatient mental health services among a diverse insured working population. It first observes that despite paying equal insurance premiums and enjoying equal insurance coverage, lower-income and non-white workers consume fewer insurance benefits than their white and higher-income coworkers. It finds no evidence, however, that this disparity leads to adverse health outcomes. It additionally finds that non-whites and low-income individuals are more likely than their white and high-income counterparts to obtain mental health care from general practitioners rather than mental healthcare providers, and nearly twice as likely not to follow up with a mental health provider after hospitalization with a mental health diagnosis. These findings suggest that low-income and non-white individuals might be paying for health services that primarily benefit their white and more affluent coworkers. Many of these regressive consequences can be attributed to mental health insurance carve-outs, which are a product of the fragmented delivery of health care.Less
This chapter discusses consumption disparities in outpatient mental health services among a diverse insured working population. It first observes that despite paying equal insurance premiums and enjoying equal insurance coverage, lower-income and non-white workers consume fewer insurance benefits than their white and higher-income coworkers. It finds no evidence, however, that this disparity leads to adverse health outcomes. It additionally finds that non-whites and low-income individuals are more likely than their white and high-income counterparts to obtain mental health care from general practitioners rather than mental healthcare providers, and nearly twice as likely not to follow up with a mental health provider after hospitalization with a mental health diagnosis. These findings suggest that low-income and non-white individuals might be paying for health services that primarily benefit their white and more affluent coworkers. Many of these regressive consequences can be attributed to mental health insurance carve-outs, which are a product of the fragmented delivery of health care.
Richard J. Wolitski, Ronald O. Valdiserri, and Ron Stall
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195301533
- eISBN:
- 9780199863815
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301533.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter places health disparities affecting gay and bisexual men within the context of health disparities experienced by other socially marginalized groups in the United States. It defines the ...
More
This chapter places health disparities affecting gay and bisexual men within the context of health disparities experienced by other socially marginalized groups in the United States. It defines the population of gay and bisexual men and examines key differences between these men and other socially marginalized groups, including the basis of minority status, intergenerational influences, acquisition of minority status later in life, selective disclosure of minority status, and historical differences. The chapter describes key factors affecting health disparities among gay and bisexual men including socioeconomic status, prejudice and discrimination, laws and policies affecting health, health behavior, and access to health care, and individual behavior and cultural norms in the gay community. The chapter ends by briefly discussing public health efforts to address health disparities.Less
This chapter places health disparities affecting gay and bisexual men within the context of health disparities experienced by other socially marginalized groups in the United States. It defines the population of gay and bisexual men and examines key differences between these men and other socially marginalized groups, including the basis of minority status, intergenerational influences, acquisition of minority status later in life, selective disclosure of minority status, and historical differences. The chapter describes key factors affecting health disparities among gay and bisexual men including socioeconomic status, prejudice and discrimination, laws and policies affecting health, health behavior, and access to health care, and individual behavior and cultural norms in the gay community. The chapter ends by briefly discussing public health efforts to address health disparities.
Steven Whitman, Ami Shah, and Maureen Benjamins
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199731190
- eISBN:
- 9780199866465
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199731190.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
The 1980s opened a discussion of the varying nature of health in different segments of the United States. Falling under the rubric of ‘health disparities’, a great deal of research has been published ...
More
The 1980s opened a discussion of the varying nature of health in different segments of the United States. Falling under the rubric of ‘health disparities’, a great deal of research has been published demonstrating the substantial differences in health status within a population. The causes of health disparities are varied and not always clear but most researchers agree that disparities are a reflection of social and economic inequities and political injustice. One of the obstacles to addressing disparities is the lack of meaningful health data especially for vulnerable populations, which is often nonexistent despite being a critical factor for informing health programs and policies at the local level. This book provides a model for combating health disparities by describing how local health information was gathered, with the community engaged at every step of the process, creating movement toward evidence-based sustainable change. This book describes how a landmark health survey in Chicago generated dramatic data that are allowing investigators throughout the city to move from data to action and from observation to intervention.Less
The 1980s opened a discussion of the varying nature of health in different segments of the United States. Falling under the rubric of ‘health disparities’, a great deal of research has been published demonstrating the substantial differences in health status within a population. The causes of health disparities are varied and not always clear but most researchers agree that disparities are a reflection of social and economic inequities and political injustice. One of the obstacles to addressing disparities is the lack of meaningful health data especially for vulnerable populations, which is often nonexistent despite being a critical factor for informing health programs and policies at the local level. This book provides a model for combating health disparities by describing how local health information was gathered, with the community engaged at every step of the process, creating movement toward evidence-based sustainable change. This book describes how a landmark health survey in Chicago generated dramatic data that are allowing investigators throughout the city to move from data to action and from observation to intervention.
Richard J. Wolitski, Ron Stall, and Ronald O. Valdiserri (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195301533
- eISBN:
- 9780199863815
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301533.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Most public health students, academicians, and practitioners readily recognize the association between racial/ethnic minority status and the disproportionate burden of preventable disease in the ...
More
Most public health students, academicians, and practitioners readily recognize the association between racial/ethnic minority status and the disproportionate burden of preventable disease in the United States. However, much less attention has been directed toward health disparities that affect gay and bisexual men. Until recently, the relative invisibility of this group, homophobia, and a lack of empirical data have hampered attempts to identify and characterize health disparities in this population. This book represents a comprehensive effort to review and synthesize evidence of health disparities among gay and bisexual men. It examines the evidence documenting health disparities across a wide range of health problems including mental health, suicide, alcohol use, tobacco use, drug use, violent victimization (hate crimes and intimate partner violence), sexual abuse, sexually transmitted infections, hepatitis, and HIV and AIDS. This book identifies individual and societal factors that contribute to these disparities and articulates how these “syndemics” or co-occurring and interacting epidemics may arise as a result of developmental experiences that are common to the lives of many gay and bisexual men in contemporary American society. Specific consideration is given to health care issues and the unique concerns and experiences of racial/ethnic minorities, younger men, and older men. Most important, this book identifies key directions for future research and articulates much-needed strategies for eliminating the multiple health disparities experienced by gay and bisexual men in the United States.Less
Most public health students, academicians, and practitioners readily recognize the association between racial/ethnic minority status and the disproportionate burden of preventable disease in the United States. However, much less attention has been directed toward health disparities that affect gay and bisexual men. Until recently, the relative invisibility of this group, homophobia, and a lack of empirical data have hampered attempts to identify and characterize health disparities in this population. This book represents a comprehensive effort to review and synthesize evidence of health disparities among gay and bisexual men. It examines the evidence documenting health disparities across a wide range of health problems including mental health, suicide, alcohol use, tobacco use, drug use, violent victimization (hate crimes and intimate partner violence), sexual abuse, sexually transmitted infections, hepatitis, and HIV and AIDS. This book identifies individual and societal factors that contribute to these disparities and articulates how these “syndemics” or co-occurring and interacting epidemics may arise as a result of developmental experiences that are common to the lives of many gay and bisexual men in contemporary American society. Specific consideration is given to health care issues and the unique concerns and experiences of racial/ethnic minorities, younger men, and older men. Most important, this book identifies key directions for future research and articulates much-needed strategies for eliminating the multiple health disparities experienced by gay and bisexual men in the United States.
Ron Stall, Ronald O. Valdiserri, and Richard J. Wolitski
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195301533
- eISBN:
- 9780199863815
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301533.003.0014
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter provides an overview of how best to move the field of health research among gay and bisexual men forward. It starts with a description of “generations” of research, i.e., research at the ...
More
This chapter provides an overview of how best to move the field of health research among gay and bisexual men forward. It starts with a description of “generations” of research, i.e., research at the description, correlational, and intervention generations and makes the case that with few exceptions, research among gay men is still at the first generational level. The chapter provides a strategic framework to move research forward quickly through the generational developmental phases so that interventions of proven efficacy can be produced in a timely manner to raise health levels among gay and bisexual men.Less
This chapter provides an overview of how best to move the field of health research among gay and bisexual men forward. It starts with a description of “generations” of research, i.e., research at the description, correlational, and intervention generations and makes the case that with few exceptions, research among gay men is still at the first generational level. The chapter provides a strategic framework to move research forward quickly through the generational developmental phases so that interventions of proven efficacy can be produced in a timely manner to raise health levels among gay and bisexual men.
Ami M. Shah and Steven Whitman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199731190
- eISBN:
- 9780199866465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199731190.003.0003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
In response to growing inequities in health, the Sinai Health System conducted a survey that has altered the way public health data are used in Chicago. The Sinai Urban Health Institute (SUHI), a ...
More
In response to growing inequities in health, the Sinai Health System conducted a survey that has altered the way public health data are used in Chicago. The Sinai Urban Health Institute (SUHI), a member of the Sinai Health System, partnered with several community organizations, residents, and local leaders to complete one of the largest, most comprehensive door-to-door health surveys in Chicago, titled Sinai's Improving Community Health Survey (Sinai Survey). This chapter describes how the survey was conducted, presents selected key findings, and describes how these results were disseminated.Less
In response to growing inequities in health, the Sinai Health System conducted a survey that has altered the way public health data are used in Chicago. The Sinai Urban Health Institute (SUHI), a member of the Sinai Health System, partnered with several community organizations, residents, and local leaders to complete one of the largest, most comprehensive door-to-door health surveys in Chicago, titled Sinai's Improving Community Health Survey (Sinai Survey). This chapter describes how the survey was conducted, presents selected key findings, and describes how these results were disseminated.
Jane M. Simoni, Laramie Smith, Keren Lehavot, Karen Fredriksen-Goldsen, and Karina L. Walters
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199765218
- eISBN:
- 9780199979585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765218.003.0013
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter considers the challenges of conducting research to examine health disparities based on sexual orientation, particularly for sexual minority women, and describes some of the major studies ...
More
This chapter considers the challenges of conducting research to examine health disparities based on sexual orientation, particularly for sexual minority women, and describes some of the major studies in this area. It briefly reviews the evidence for disparities in cardiovascular disease and cancer as well as sexually transmitted infections, asthma, and diabetes. Disparities in risk factors (e.g., obesity, smoking) for adverse health outcomes are also presented. It considers the factors and mechanisms that might place sexual minority women at greater risk for compromised health.Less
This chapter considers the challenges of conducting research to examine health disparities based on sexual orientation, particularly for sexual minority women, and describes some of the major studies in this area. It briefly reviews the evidence for disparities in cardiovascular disease and cancer as well as sexually transmitted infections, asthma, and diabetes. Disparities in risk factors (e.g., obesity, smoking) for adverse health outcomes are also presented. It considers the factors and mechanisms that might place sexual minority women at greater risk for compromised health.
Paula Braveman
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469630359
- eISBN:
- 9781469630373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630359.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
Over the past two and a half decades, distinct approaches have been taken to defining and measuring health inequalities or disparities and health equity. Some efforts have focused on technical issues ...
More
Over the past two and a half decades, distinct approaches have been taken to defining and measuring health inequalities or disparities and health equity. Some efforts have focused on technical issues in measurement, often without addressing the implications for the concepts themselves and how that might influence action. Others have focused on the concepts, often without addressing the implications for measurement. This chapter contrasts approaches that have been proposed, examining their conceptual bases and implications for measurement and policy. It argues for an approach to defining health inequalities and health equity that centers on notions of justice and has its basis in ethical and human rights principles as well as empirical evidence. According to this approach, health inequality or disparity is used to refer to a subset of health differences that are closely linked with—but not necessarily proven caused by—social disadvantage. The term “inequity,” which means injustice, could also be used, but arguments are presented for using it somewhat more sparingly, for those inequalities or disparities in health or its determinants that we know are caused by social disadvantage.Less
Over the past two and a half decades, distinct approaches have been taken to defining and measuring health inequalities or disparities and health equity. Some efforts have focused on technical issues in measurement, often without addressing the implications for the concepts themselves and how that might influence action. Others have focused on the concepts, often without addressing the implications for measurement. This chapter contrasts approaches that have been proposed, examining their conceptual bases and implications for measurement and policy. It argues for an approach to defining health inequalities and health equity that centers on notions of justice and has its basis in ethical and human rights principles as well as empirical evidence. According to this approach, health inequality or disparity is used to refer to a subset of health differences that are closely linked with—but not necessarily proven caused by—social disadvantage. The term “inequity,” which means injustice, could also be used, but arguments are presented for using it somewhat more sparingly, for those inequalities or disparities in health or its determinants that we know are caused by social disadvantage.
Carolyn Moxley Rouse
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469630359
- eISBN:
- 9781469630373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630359.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
The United States Healthy People 2010 initiative, designed to focus nationally funded health research and care on achieving a set of nationwide goals, was directed toward the elimination of racial ...
More
The United States Healthy People 2010 initiative, designed to focus nationally funded health research and care on achieving a set of nationwide goals, was directed toward the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities. While racial and ethnic disparities are complex (with the health of some minority groups surpassing the national average), the health of black Americans continues to fall short of the national average. By focusing on the presumptions embedded in the design of health disparities research, this chapter addresses why Healthy People 2010 largely failed to reduce racial health inequality. Importantly, in thinking about health inequalities, researchers initially failed to consider how race is socially constructed; how data collection is never value-neutral (see King, chapter 8, this volume); and, finally, the limits of randomized control trials (deductive methods) when it comes to making sense of complex behavioral and structural data. The chapter ends by describing how ethnographic insights can help complicate the assumptions and conclusions of health disparities research.Less
The United States Healthy People 2010 initiative, designed to focus nationally funded health research and care on achieving a set of nationwide goals, was directed toward the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities. While racial and ethnic disparities are complex (with the health of some minority groups surpassing the national average), the health of black Americans continues to fall short of the national average. By focusing on the presumptions embedded in the design of health disparities research, this chapter addresses why Healthy People 2010 largely failed to reduce racial health inequality. Importantly, in thinking about health inequalities, researchers initially failed to consider how race is socially constructed; how data collection is never value-neutral (see King, chapter 8, this volume); and, finally, the limits of randomized control trials (deductive methods) when it comes to making sense of complex behavioral and structural data. The chapter ends by describing how ethnographic insights can help complicate the assumptions and conclusions of health disparities research.
Gwendolyn Roberts Majette
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199688999
- eISBN:
- 9780191768118
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199688999.003.0026
- Subject:
- Law, Medical Law
This chapter examines how global health law norms provide a coherent legal and policy framework to understand the diverse provisions within the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). The ...
More
This chapter examines how global health law norms provide a coherent legal and policy framework to understand the diverse provisions within the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). The chapter is organized as follows. Part I provides global health laws that impose an obligation on the United States to eliminate health disparities for people of colour. Part II analyses the framework that PPACA creates to protect the right to health and eliminate health disparities for people of colour. Part III analyses the constitutional challenge to PPACA in National Federation of Independent Business, et al v. Sebelius and its potential threat to undermine the United States’ efforts to reduce health care disparities for people of colour. Parts IV and V examine the continuing moral imperative to reduce health care disparities and ensure that the United States complies with global health law norms in light of the Supreme Court’s decision and the United States’ inconsistent history of addressing health and race matters.Less
This chapter examines how global health law norms provide a coherent legal and policy framework to understand the diverse provisions within the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). The chapter is organized as follows. Part I provides global health laws that impose an obligation on the United States to eliminate health disparities for people of colour. Part II analyses the framework that PPACA creates to protect the right to health and eliminate health disparities for people of colour. Part III analyses the constitutional challenge to PPACA in National Federation of Independent Business, et al v. Sebelius and its potential threat to undermine the United States’ efforts to reduce health care disparities for people of colour. Parts IV and V examine the continuing moral imperative to reduce health care disparities and ensure that the United States complies with global health law norms in light of the Supreme Court’s decision and the United States’ inconsistent history of addressing health and race matters.
Amy L. Herrick, Mark S. Friedman, and Ron Stall
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199765218
- eISBN:
- 9780199979585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765218.003.0014
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter explores health disparities among men who identify as gay, bisexual, queer, same gender loving, or some other sexual minority term, as well as men who engage in same-sex sexual behavior. ...
More
This chapter explores health disparities among men who identify as gay, bisexual, queer, same gender loving, or some other sexual minority term, as well as men who engage in same-sex sexual behavior. It discusses why health disparities exist and offers a framework to address them. It suggests that current prevention and health promotion efforts could be greatly improved by expanding the current public health paradigm to include a focus on resilience.Less
This chapter explores health disparities among men who identify as gay, bisexual, queer, same gender loving, or some other sexual minority term, as well as men who engage in same-sex sexual behavior. It discusses why health disparities exist and offers a framework to address them. It suggests that current prevention and health promotion efforts could be greatly improved by expanding the current public health paradigm to include a focus on resilience.
SUDHIR ANAND, FINN DIDERICHSEN, TIMOTHY EVANS, VLADIMIR M. SHKOLNIKOV, and MEG WIRTH
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195137408
- eISBN:
- 9780199863983
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195137408.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter explores critical issues related to the measurement of health equity. It notes that without reliable data on disparities in health, policy makers and populations are less equipped to ...
More
This chapter explores critical issues related to the measurement of health equity. It notes that without reliable data on disparities in health, policy makers and populations are less equipped to demand change and monitor progress. The chapter provides a comprehensive approach to the measurement of inequity. It outlines five basic considerations in the choice of health measures, highlighting the ways that assumptions can affect the magnitude and assessment of a given health disparity. A range of measures—new and old, simple and complex—for assessing intergroup and interindividual inequalities in health are reviewed. It outlines methods of measurement and suggests indicators for making assessments in both data-poor and data-rich countries.Less
This chapter explores critical issues related to the measurement of health equity. It notes that without reliable data on disparities in health, policy makers and populations are less equipped to demand change and monitor progress. The chapter provides a comprehensive approach to the measurement of inequity. It outlines five basic considerations in the choice of health measures, highlighting the ways that assumptions can affect the magnitude and assessment of a given health disparity. A range of measures—new and old, simple and complex—for assessing intergroup and interindividual inequalities in health are reviewed. It outlines methods of measurement and suggests indicators for making assessments in both data-poor and data-rich countries.
Susan D. Cochran and Vickie M. Mays
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195301533
- eISBN:
- 9780199863815
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301533.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter examines the data regarding the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and suicide risk among gay and bisexual men in the United States. It begins by examining the methodological ...
More
This chapter examines the data regarding the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and suicide risk among gay and bisexual men in the United States. It begins by examining the methodological underpinnings of research on gay and bisexual men's health and mental health. It then provides an in-depth review of the evidence for health disparities affecting gay and bisexual men for a range of psychiatric disorders including depression and other affective disorders, anxiety disorders, and suicide symptoms. The chapter discusses the role of social context as one explanation for the increased prevalence of mental health disorders among gay and bisexual men, including the effects of homophobia and discrimination. It ends with recommendations for future research.Less
This chapter examines the data regarding the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and suicide risk among gay and bisexual men in the United States. It begins by examining the methodological underpinnings of research on gay and bisexual men's health and mental health. It then provides an in-depth review of the evidence for health disparities affecting gay and bisexual men for a range of psychiatric disorders including depression and other affective disorders, anxiety disorders, and suicide symptoms. The chapter discusses the role of social context as one explanation for the increased prevalence of mental health disorders among gay and bisexual men, including the effects of homophobia and discrimination. It ends with recommendations for future research.
Jenifer L. Bratter and Christa Mason
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447316459
- eISBN:
- 9781447316480
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447316459.003.0010
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This chapter brings multiracial persons into the discussion of health policies concerning racial health disparities by addressing four issues. First, it provides a brief overview of the work on the ...
More
This chapter brings multiracial persons into the discussion of health policies concerning racial health disparities by addressing four issues. First, it provides a brief overview of the work on the health of multiracial populations, including the types of health challenges noted and the gaps in research on this topic. Second it gives an analysis of nationally representative data on the health of multiracial adults, a sub-group usually absent in studies. Third, it looks at health policies that target the reduction of health disparities and asks how such policies, in light of the information discussed in the chapter, can best speak to the health needs of multiracial groups. Fourth, it argues that more and broader data must be collected on multiracials in order to effectively measure and address racial health disparities.Less
This chapter brings multiracial persons into the discussion of health policies concerning racial health disparities by addressing four issues. First, it provides a brief overview of the work on the health of multiracial populations, including the types of health challenges noted and the gaps in research on this topic. Second it gives an analysis of nationally representative data on the health of multiracial adults, a sub-group usually absent in studies. Third, it looks at health policies that target the reduction of health disparities and asks how such policies, in light of the information discussed in the chapter, can best speak to the health needs of multiracial groups. Fourth, it argues that more and broader data must be collected on multiracials in order to effectively measure and address racial health disparities.
Rajeev Ramchand and Claude Earl Fox
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195301533
- eISBN:
- 9780199863815
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301533.003.0013
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter discusses a variety of issues that impact access to optimal health care for gay and bisexual men in the United States. Special consideration is given to health insurance coverage and ...
More
This chapter discusses a variety of issues that impact access to optimal health care for gay and bisexual men in the United States. Special consideration is given to health insurance coverage and health insurance discrimination among gay and bisexual men. A discussion of domestic partner benefits highlights the role of legally-sanctioned partnerships and access to health insurance. The chapter concludes with specific recommendations for improving the health care environment and communication practices of providers who care for gay and bisexual men, including special populations of gay youth and elderly gay men.Less
This chapter discusses a variety of issues that impact access to optimal health care for gay and bisexual men in the United States. Special consideration is given to health insurance coverage and health insurance discrimination among gay and bisexual men. A discussion of domestic partner benefits highlights the role of legally-sanctioned partnerships and access to health insurance. The chapter concludes with specific recommendations for improving the health care environment and communication practices of providers who care for gay and bisexual men, including special populations of gay youth and elderly gay men.
Susan D. Cochran and Vickie M. Mays
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199765218
- eISBN:
- 9780199979585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765218.003.0015
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter focuses on four key topics related to sexual orientation and mental health. First, it highlights several methodological issues that are relevant to understanding research on the ...
More
This chapter focuses on four key topics related to sexual orientation and mental health. First, it highlights several methodological issues that are relevant to understanding research on the associations between sexual orientation and mental health morbidity and its treatment. Second, it reviews findings from primarily population-based or systematically sampled surveys for evidence of sexual orientation-related disparities in mental health morbidity. The emphasis is on those studies that either included heterosexual comparison groups or used sophisticated research designs to minimize uncontrolled selection bias. Third, it presents preliminary findings from several population-based studies investigating sexual orientation-related differences in patterns of mental health services use. Finally, the chapter closes with some discussion of important future directions for research on sexual orientation and mental health, particularly in the context of large-scale population-based surveys.Less
This chapter focuses on four key topics related to sexual orientation and mental health. First, it highlights several methodological issues that are relevant to understanding research on the associations between sexual orientation and mental health morbidity and its treatment. Second, it reviews findings from primarily population-based or systematically sampled surveys for evidence of sexual orientation-related disparities in mental health morbidity. The emphasis is on those studies that either included heterosexual comparison groups or used sophisticated research designs to minimize uncontrolled selection bias. Third, it presents preliminary findings from several population-based studies investigating sexual orientation-related differences in patterns of mental health services use. Finally, the chapter closes with some discussion of important future directions for research on sexual orientation and mental health, particularly in the context of large-scale population-based surveys.
Alison G.M. Brown and Sara C. Folta
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- October 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190626686
- eISBN:
- 9780190626716
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190626686.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Diet- and nutrition-related health disparities and inequities are a growing issue globally and nationally. This chapter explores how race, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status influence ...
More
Diet- and nutrition-related health disparities and inequities are a growing issue globally and nationally. This chapter explores how race, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status influence diet-related health outcomes, such as malnutrition, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, and the complexity of the underlying causes of these health disparities and inequities. First, the chapter provides a foundational understanding of the terms and concepts as well as the historical nature of these disparities. The array of factors that contribute to health disparities including the social determinants of health such as educational level, employment status, environmental factors, access and affordability of healthy food, neighborhood segregation, chronic stress, discrimination and access to health care are then described. Given the growing number of immigrants in the United States and their important role in society, the healthy immigrant hypothesis and the dietary acculturation process among various immigrant groups in the United States is also discussed. The authors conclude by elaborating on global diet-related health disparities and the global and societal factors that perpetuate these differences in outcomes.Less
Diet- and nutrition-related health disparities and inequities are a growing issue globally and nationally. This chapter explores how race, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status influence diet-related health outcomes, such as malnutrition, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, and the complexity of the underlying causes of these health disparities and inequities. First, the chapter provides a foundational understanding of the terms and concepts as well as the historical nature of these disparities. The array of factors that contribute to health disparities including the social determinants of health such as educational level, employment status, environmental factors, access and affordability of healthy food, neighborhood segregation, chronic stress, discrimination and access to health care are then described. Given the growing number of immigrants in the United States and their important role in society, the healthy immigrant hypothesis and the dietary acculturation process among various immigrant groups in the United States is also discussed. The authors conclude by elaborating on global diet-related health disparities and the global and societal factors that perpetuate these differences in outcomes.
Khiara M. Bridges
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520268944
- eISBN:
- 9780520949447
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520268944.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter explains how the personally held racist beliefs of physicians may contribute to health disparities between racial groups. It grounds the less-obvious medical disenfranchisement of women ...
More
This chapter explains how the personally held racist beliefs of physicians may contribute to health disparities between racial groups. It grounds the less-obvious medical disenfranchisement of women of color. It discusses the largely, unrecognized, yet still influential, racist oral tradition in medicine. It argues that notions of the obstetrical and gynaecological hardiness of the marginalized have exhibited a remarkable hardiness of their own as they have managed to persist over the decades. It demonstrates this persistence of racial folklore alongside interviews conducted with obstetricians practicing in the Alpha clinic. It then puts ethnographic data in conversation with the literature documenting the persistence of racial disparities in health. It attempts to continue to shatter notions of doctors' personal privacy—notions that have functioned to hide the racism that may contribute to health disparities in the United States.Less
This chapter explains how the personally held racist beliefs of physicians may contribute to health disparities between racial groups. It grounds the less-obvious medical disenfranchisement of women of color. It discusses the largely, unrecognized, yet still influential, racist oral tradition in medicine. It argues that notions of the obstetrical and gynaecological hardiness of the marginalized have exhibited a remarkable hardiness of their own as they have managed to persist over the decades. It demonstrates this persistence of racial folklore alongside interviews conducted with obstetricians practicing in the Alpha clinic. It then puts ethnographic data in conversation with the literature documenting the persistence of racial disparities in health. It attempts to continue to shatter notions of doctors' personal privacy—notions that have functioned to hide the racism that may contribute to health disparities in the United States.
