John Daverio
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195132960
- eISBN:
- 9780199867059
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195132960.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This book explores the connections between art and life in the works of three giants of musical romanticism. Drawing on contemporary critical theory and a wide variety of 19th-century sources, it ...
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This book explores the connections between art and life in the works of three giants of musical romanticism. Drawing on contemporary critical theory and a wide variety of 19th-century sources, it considers topics including Schubert and Schumann's uncanny ability to evoke memory in music, the supposed cryptographic practices of Schumann and Brahms, and the allure of the Hungarian Gypsy style for Brahms and others in the Schumann circle. The book offers a fresh perspective on the music of these composers, including a discussion of the 19th-century practice of cryptography, a debunking of the myth that Schumann and Brahms planted codes for “Clara Schumann’ throughout their works, and attention to the late works of Schumann not as evidence of the composer's descent into madness but as inspiration for his successors. The book portrays the three key players as musical storytellers, each in his own way simulating the structure of lived experience in works of art.Less
This book explores the connections between art and life in the works of three giants of musical romanticism. Drawing on contemporary critical theory and a wide variety of 19th-century sources, it considers topics including Schubert and Schumann's uncanny ability to evoke memory in music, the supposed cryptographic practices of Schumann and Brahms, and the allure of the Hungarian Gypsy style for Brahms and others in the Schumann circle. The book offers a fresh perspective on the music of these composers, including a discussion of the 19th-century practice of cryptography, a debunking of the myth that Schumann and Brahms planted codes for “Clara Schumann’ throughout their works, and attention to the late works of Schumann not as evidence of the composer's descent into madness but as inspiration for his successors. The book portrays the three key players as musical storytellers, each in his own way simulating the structure of lived experience in works of art.
Peter van der Merwe
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198166474
- eISBN:
- 9780191713880
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198166474.003.0012
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
Over many centuries, Western music has drawn on the partially Oriental music of southern and eastern Europe. This chapter examines this process, and in particular, the Gypsy music that profoundly ...
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Over many centuries, Western music has drawn on the partially Oriental music of southern and eastern Europe. This chapter examines this process, and in particular, the Gypsy music that profoundly influenced the Viennese school. Among features discussed are drones and ostinatos (separately or in combination), melodic outline, recurring figures, and sequences. Most important of all are the modes, e.g., the Phrygian, Lydian, ‘Gypsy’ (with one or two augmented seconds), ‘acoustic’ (c–d–e–f sharp–g–a–b flat), and major–minor (c–d–e–f–g–a flat–b flat). The last two belong to the ‘heptatonia secunda’ scale, and are among the ancestors of the octatonic scale of alternating tones and semitones. In most of these modes, individual degrees of the scale fluctuate between major and minor, making possible both advanced chromaticism and extended tonality.Less
Over many centuries, Western music has drawn on the partially Oriental music of southern and eastern Europe. This chapter examines this process, and in particular, the Gypsy music that profoundly influenced the Viennese school. Among features discussed are drones and ostinatos (separately or in combination), melodic outline, recurring figures, and sequences. Most important of all are the modes, e.g., the Phrygian, Lydian, ‘Gypsy’ (with one or two augmented seconds), ‘acoustic’ (c–d–e–f sharp–g–a–b flat), and major–minor (c–d–e–f–g–a flat–b flat). The last two belong to the ‘heptatonia secunda’ scale, and are among the ancestors of the octatonic scale of alternating tones and semitones. In most of these modes, individual degrees of the scale fluctuate between major and minor, making possible both advanced chromaticism and extended tonality.
Margaret Notley
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195305470
- eISBN:
- 9780199866946
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305470.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
By the late 19th century, the adagio had become a genre marked by the technical attributes and lofty connotations of “unending melody”. Because of Beethoven's achievements, composers found adagios ...
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By the late 19th century, the adagio had become a genre marked by the technical attributes and lofty connotations of “unending melody”. Because of Beethoven's achievements, composers found adagios difficult to write. This chapter asserts that the treatment of transitions was crucial for the effect required by genre aesthetics of the adagio. In the 1860s, Brahms used short constructive units but lengthy transitions based on picturesque figuration to foster the illusion of continuous melody. Although critics in the 1880s considered recent adagios to fall short of Beethoven's standards, they saw renewal in Bruckner's String Quintet. Possibly in response to Bruckner's success, Brahms composed an adagio for cello and piano, avoiding closure through his mastery of degrees of tonal stability. In his most acclaimed adagios, however, he extended transitional passages by using Gypsy style's extemporized sound and other signifiers of “raw emotion”, creating a semblance of renewed expressive and formal freedom.Less
By the late 19th century, the adagio had become a genre marked by the technical attributes and lofty connotations of “unending melody”. Because of Beethoven's achievements, composers found adagios difficult to write. This chapter asserts that the treatment of transitions was crucial for the effect required by genre aesthetics of the adagio. In the 1860s, Brahms used short constructive units but lengthy transitions based on picturesque figuration to foster the illusion of continuous melody. Although critics in the 1880s considered recent adagios to fall short of Beethoven's standards, they saw renewal in Bruckner's String Quintet. Possibly in response to Bruckner's success, Brahms composed an adagio for cello and piano, avoiding closure through his mastery of degrees of tonal stability. In his most acclaimed adagios, however, he extended transitional passages by using Gypsy style's extemporized sound and other signifiers of “raw emotion”, creating a semblance of renewed expressive and formal freedom.
Floyd Grave and Margaret Grave
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195173574
- eISBN:
- 9780199872152
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173574.003.0014
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
Noted for timbral brilliance and an accent on taxing first-violin delivery, this set, Op. 54/55, is traditionally linked to the violinist Johann Tost, who served as a middleman in its sale. ...
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Noted for timbral brilliance and an accent on taxing first-violin delivery, this set, Op. 54/55, is traditionally linked to the violinist Johann Tost, who served as a middleman in its sale. Extroverted and intensely energetic, especially in the fast outer movements, these works display a wide tonal range, an enriched harmonic syntax, fast tempos, and streamlined surface activity. Whereas slow movements feature expressive soloistic embellishment (notably the ternary variation design of Op. 54/3, the gypsy lament of Op. 54/2, and the concerto-style Op. 55/1), the finales concentrate on compositional intrigue — especially Op. 55/1, with its synthesis of fugue (looking back to Op. 20) and rondo (as in Op. 33), and Op. 54/2, famous for the incomparably witty inspiration of a form that thwarts expectations at virtually every turn. Chromatic harmony figures prominently through inflections within phrases and remote tonal excursions within themes.Less
Noted for timbral brilliance and an accent on taxing first-violin delivery, this set, Op. 54/55, is traditionally linked to the violinist Johann Tost, who served as a middleman in its sale. Extroverted and intensely energetic, especially in the fast outer movements, these works display a wide tonal range, an enriched harmonic syntax, fast tempos, and streamlined surface activity. Whereas slow movements feature expressive soloistic embellishment (notably the ternary variation design of Op. 54/3, the gypsy lament of Op. 54/2, and the concerto-style Op. 55/1), the finales concentrate on compositional intrigue — especially Op. 55/1, with its synthesis of fugue (looking back to Op. 20) and rondo (as in Op. 33), and Op. 54/2, famous for the incomparably witty inspiration of a form that thwarts expectations at virtually every turn. Chromatic harmony figures prominently through inflections within phrases and remote tonal excursions within themes.
David Kurnick
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151519
- eISBN:
- 9781400840090
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151519.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter focuses on George Eliot's tangled engagement with the drama. It begins with an analysis of the mutual constitution of theatricalized space and characterological interiority in Romola ...
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This chapter focuses on George Eliot's tangled engagement with the drama. It begins with an analysis of the mutual constitution of theatricalized space and characterological interiority in Romola (1863) and Felix Holt (1866)—transitional novels in which her emphasis on psychological inwardness works at the expense of demonized crowds. But during this period she also undertook a dramatic work that challenged her most fundamental formal and ethical commitments. Conceived as a play but published as an epic poem mixing dramatic and narrative forms, The Spanish Gypsy shows Eliot refusing both the novel as a form and the inward cultivation it seems designed to encourage. The Spanish Gypsy includes narrative passages that take the grammatical form of free indirect discourse, in which a character's habits of mind are mimicked by the narrator's prose. But the exteriorized perspective demanded by the dramatic origin of The Spanish Gypsy assures that these eminently psychologizing sentences emanate from and attach to no character in particular, instead appearing to echo in an auditorium populated with spectators. Eliot carried this experiment in externalized forms of psychological narration into the novels she wrote next, Middlemarch (1871–72) and especially Daniel Deronda (1876).Less
This chapter focuses on George Eliot's tangled engagement with the drama. It begins with an analysis of the mutual constitution of theatricalized space and characterological interiority in Romola (1863) and Felix Holt (1866)—transitional novels in which her emphasis on psychological inwardness works at the expense of demonized crowds. But during this period she also undertook a dramatic work that challenged her most fundamental formal and ethical commitments. Conceived as a play but published as an epic poem mixing dramatic and narrative forms, The Spanish Gypsy shows Eliot refusing both the novel as a form and the inward cultivation it seems designed to encourage. The Spanish Gypsy includes narrative passages that take the grammatical form of free indirect discourse, in which a character's habits of mind are mimicked by the narrator's prose. But the exteriorized perspective demanded by the dramatic origin of The Spanish Gypsy assures that these eminently psychologizing sentences emanate from and attach to no character in particular, instead appearing to echo in an auditorium populated with spectators. Eliot carried this experiment in externalized forms of psychological narration into the novels she wrote next, Middlemarch (1871–72) and especially Daniel Deronda (1876).
Julian Goodare
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199243549
- eISBN:
- 9780191714160
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199243549.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter discusses the common people in Scotland, and particularly certain groups whose encounter with government proved memorable. A ‘new violence of the state’ emerged in certain policies of ...
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This chapter discusses the common people in Scotland, and particularly certain groups whose encounter with government proved memorable. A ‘new violence of the state’ emerged in certain policies of central government. It was clear, even commonplace, that the law was made by and for the landed ruling class. This gave them both responsibilities and privileges. Nobles, because they possessed honour, had to be treated with special respect by the law. Much of the most visible government activity affected only the men with ‘fame and honour’, the political elite. That elite has been estimated to comprise about 5,000 landlords, plus a further number of lawyers, officials, ministers, and greater burgesses. This chapter examines how government was experienced by the common people, the ones who lacked ‘fame and honour’, and how they were affected by laws. The focus is on the peasants in the countryside, women at all social levels, and some marginalised groups, particularly witches and gypsies, who were singled out for particular governmental attention.Less
This chapter discusses the common people in Scotland, and particularly certain groups whose encounter with government proved memorable. A ‘new violence of the state’ emerged in certain policies of central government. It was clear, even commonplace, that the law was made by and for the landed ruling class. This gave them both responsibilities and privileges. Nobles, because they possessed honour, had to be treated with special respect by the law. Much of the most visible government activity affected only the men with ‘fame and honour’, the political elite. That elite has been estimated to comprise about 5,000 landlords, plus a further number of lawyers, officials, ministers, and greater burgesses. This chapter examines how government was experienced by the common people, the ones who lacked ‘fame and honour’, and how they were affected by laws. The focus is on the peasants in the countryside, women at all social levels, and some marginalised groups, particularly witches and gypsies, who were singled out for particular governmental attention.
David Manning
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195182392
- eISBN:
- 9780199851485
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182392.003.0046
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
A good folklorist needs to be scientifically accurate, artistically imaginative, and humanly sympathetic. It is the combination of these qualities that makes the success of Mrs Ella Mary Leather's ...
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A good folklorist needs to be scientifically accurate, artistically imaginative, and humanly sympathetic. It is the combination of these qualities that makes the success of Mrs Ella Mary Leather's Folklore of Herefordshire. This book is now a recognized authority on folklore and archaeology, while a complete number of the Journal of the Folk Song Society testifies to her power of discovering lovely melody in the usual unpromising circumstances. As to Ella's human sympathy, one only had to accompany her, as was more than once my privilege, on a folk-song collecting expedition among the gypsies of Herefordshire, to be astonished at her friendly reception by these proud and suspicious people. She understood them and they understood her; they knew that she was willing and anxious to help and advise them in all their difficulties, and in return they gave her of their best.Less
A good folklorist needs to be scientifically accurate, artistically imaginative, and humanly sympathetic. It is the combination of these qualities that makes the success of Mrs Ella Mary Leather's Folklore of Herefordshire. This book is now a recognized authority on folklore and archaeology, while a complete number of the Journal of the Folk Song Society testifies to her power of discovering lovely melody in the usual unpromising circumstances. As to Ella's human sympathy, one only had to accompany her, as was more than once my privilege, on a folk-song collecting expedition among the gypsies of Herefordshire, to be astonished at her friendly reception by these proud and suspicious people. She understood them and they understood her; they knew that she was willing and anxious to help and advise them in all their difficulties, and in return they gave her of their best.
Regina McQuillan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199599295
- eISBN:
- 9780191731532
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199599295.003.0049
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
This chapter discusses issues in the provision of palliative care to Travellers and Gypsies. Gypsies and Travellers form part of a world-wide group of people who have, or who have had, a nomadic way ...
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This chapter discusses issues in the provision of palliative care to Travellers and Gypsies. Gypsies and Travellers form part of a world-wide group of people who have, or who have had, a nomadic way of life. These groups have experienced discrimination for centuries which can lead to distrust by these populations of the majority population. They have poorer health and shorter life expectancy than the majority population, are fearful of serious illness and death, and avoid discussing serious illness, especially cancer and dying. Reluctance to engage with hospice and palliative care, combined with the large crowds accompanying a patient and family during illness and bereavement, can mean that caring for Travellers and Gypsies can be challenging. Identifying key people in the family or support network, recognizing the need for clear explanations, and recognizing the differences between different families can all help health care staff and the Travellers and Gypsies cope.Less
This chapter discusses issues in the provision of palliative care to Travellers and Gypsies. Gypsies and Travellers form part of a world-wide group of people who have, or who have had, a nomadic way of life. These groups have experienced discrimination for centuries which can lead to distrust by these populations of the majority population. They have poorer health and shorter life expectancy than the majority population, are fearful of serious illness and death, and avoid discussing serious illness, especially cancer and dying. Reluctance to engage with hospice and palliative care, combined with the large crowds accompanying a patient and family during illness and bereavement, can mean that caring for Travellers and Gypsies can be challenging. Identifying key people in the family or support network, recognizing the need for clear explanations, and recognizing the differences between different families can all help health care staff and the Travellers and Gypsies cope.
Mary Burke
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199566464
- eISBN:
- 9780191721670
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566464.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
The history of the Irish minority Traveller community is not analogous to that of the ‘tinker’, a Europe-wide underworld fantasy created by 16th-century British and continental Rogue Literature that ...
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The history of the Irish minority Traveller community is not analogous to that of the ‘tinker’, a Europe-wide underworld fantasy created by 16th-century British and continental Rogue Literature that came to be seen as an Irish character alone as English became dominant in Ireland. By the Revival, the tinker represented bohemian, pre-Celtic aboriginality, functioning as the cultural nationalist counter to the Victorian Gypsy mania. Long misunderstood as a portrayal of actual Travellers, J. M. Synge’s influential The Tinker’s Wedding was pivotal to this ‘Irishing’ of the tinker, even as it acknowledged that figure’s cosmopolitan textual roots. Synge’s empathetic depiction is closely examined, as are the many subsequent representations that looked to him as a model to subvert or emulate. In contrast to their Revival-era romanticization, post-Independence writing portrayed tinkers as alien interlopers, while contemporaneous Unionists labelled them a contaminant from the hostile South. However, after Travellers politicized in the 1960s, more even-handed depictions heralded a querying of the ‘tinker’ fantasy. Such change shapes contemporary screen and literary representations of Travellers and has prompted Traveller writers to transubstantiate Otherness into the empowering rhetoric of ethnic difference. Though its Irish equivalent has oscillated between idealization and demonization, US racial history facilitates the cinematic figuring of the Irish-American Travele as lovable ‘white trash’ rogue. This process is informed by the mythology of a population with whom Travelers are allied in the white American imagination, the Scots-Irish (Ulster-Scots). In short, the ‘tinker’ is much more central to Irish and even Irish-American identity than is currently recognized.Less
The history of the Irish minority Traveller community is not analogous to that of the ‘tinker’, a Europe-wide underworld fantasy created by 16th-century British and continental Rogue Literature that came to be seen as an Irish character alone as English became dominant in Ireland. By the Revival, the tinker represented bohemian, pre-Celtic aboriginality, functioning as the cultural nationalist counter to the Victorian Gypsy mania. Long misunderstood as a portrayal of actual Travellers, J. M. Synge’s influential The Tinker’s Wedding was pivotal to this ‘Irishing’ of the tinker, even as it acknowledged that figure’s cosmopolitan textual roots. Synge’s empathetic depiction is closely examined, as are the many subsequent representations that looked to him as a model to subvert or emulate. In contrast to their Revival-era romanticization, post-Independence writing portrayed tinkers as alien interlopers, while contemporaneous Unionists labelled them a contaminant from the hostile South. However, after Travellers politicized in the 1960s, more even-handed depictions heralded a querying of the ‘tinker’ fantasy. Such change shapes contemporary screen and literary representations of Travellers and has prompted Traveller writers to transubstantiate Otherness into the empowering rhetoric of ethnic difference. Though its Irish equivalent has oscillated between idealization and demonization, US racial history facilitates the cinematic figuring of the Irish-American Travele as lovable ‘white trash’ rogue. This process is informed by the mythology of a population with whom Travelers are allied in the white American imagination, the Scots-Irish (Ulster-Scots). In short, the ‘tinker’ is much more central to Irish and even Irish-American identity than is currently recognized.
Mary Burke
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199566464
- eISBN:
- 9780191721670
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566464.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
The opening chapter traces the various imagined ‘Easts’ from which the purported pre-Gaelic ancestors of tinkers and the Oriental antecedents of European Gypsies emerged. The Revival-era theory of ...
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The opening chapter traces the various imagined ‘Easts’ from which the purported pre-Gaelic ancestors of tinkers and the Oriental antecedents of European Gypsies emerged. The Revival-era theory of tinkers’ pre-Celtic origins drew upon medieval traditions of the vanquished but extant Oriental inhabitants of antediluvian Ireland. Additionally, early modern English classifications of rogues proto-racialized the formerly occupational category of ‘tinker’. Consequently, these exotic associations accompanied the term tinker when the spread of English in Ireland in the 19th century allowed the word to displace unethnicized Irish-language designations for peripatetic peoples. European Enlightenment scholarship linking Gypsies to a distant Indian homeland simultaneously Orientalized a British Gypsy class previously considered native. In the work of Walter Scott, this exoticized Gypsy usurped the indigenous Hiberno-Scottish ‘tinkler’ category, facilitating the perceived retreat of that figure from the whole of the British Isles to its Irish edge by the Victorian period.Less
The opening chapter traces the various imagined ‘Easts’ from which the purported pre-Gaelic ancestors of tinkers and the Oriental antecedents of European Gypsies emerged. The Revival-era theory of tinkers’ pre-Celtic origins drew upon medieval traditions of the vanquished but extant Oriental inhabitants of antediluvian Ireland. Additionally, early modern English classifications of rogues proto-racialized the formerly occupational category of ‘tinker’. Consequently, these exotic associations accompanied the term tinker when the spread of English in Ireland in the 19th century allowed the word to displace unethnicized Irish-language designations for peripatetic peoples. European Enlightenment scholarship linking Gypsies to a distant Indian homeland simultaneously Orientalized a British Gypsy class previously considered native. In the work of Walter Scott, this exoticized Gypsy usurped the indigenous Hiberno-Scottish ‘tinkler’ category, facilitating the perceived retreat of that figure from the whole of the British Isles to its Irish edge by the Victorian period.
Mary Burke
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199566464
- eISBN:
- 9780191721670
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566464.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Chapter two suggests that the ‘tinker’ had become overwhelmingly entwined with Ireland and authentic Irishness by the Revival. Synge’s ‘Irishing’ of the ‘tinker’ is give especial attention, and it is ...
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Chapter two suggests that the ‘tinker’ had become overwhelmingly entwined with Ireland and authentic Irishness by the Revival. Synge’s ‘Irishing’ of the ‘tinker’ is give especial attention, and it is surmized that the dramatist’s heightened Hiberno-English dialogue was shaped by the rash of contemporaneous scholarship on Shelta, the ‘tinker’s tongue’. Though the tinker is doubtlessly celebrated as an aboriginal exotic in The Tinker’s Wedding, it is often misread as a quintessentially Irish portrayal of actual contemporary Traveller culture. In fact, Synge’s mastery of diverse languages and literatures ensured that he drew deeply from Irish, British, and European sources in creating his tinkers. By the late Victorian period, the earlier rhetoric of ‘Oriental Gypsies’ had given way to their elevation as the epitome of vanishing British rural colour by Gypsy Lore Society members, and an idealized tinker figure functioned as the Revival’s response to this British fetishization of Romanies.Less
Chapter two suggests that the ‘tinker’ had become overwhelmingly entwined with Ireland and authentic Irishness by the Revival. Synge’s ‘Irishing’ of the ‘tinker’ is give especial attention, and it is surmized that the dramatist’s heightened Hiberno-English dialogue was shaped by the rash of contemporaneous scholarship on Shelta, the ‘tinker’s tongue’. Though the tinker is doubtlessly celebrated as an aboriginal exotic in The Tinker’s Wedding, it is often misread as a quintessentially Irish portrayal of actual contemporary Traveller culture. In fact, Synge’s mastery of diverse languages and literatures ensured that he drew deeply from Irish, British, and European sources in creating his tinkers. By the late Victorian period, the earlier rhetoric of ‘Oriental Gypsies’ had given way to their elevation as the epitome of vanishing British rural colour by Gypsy Lore Society members, and an idealized tinker figure functioned as the Revival’s response to this British fetishization of Romanies.
Mary Burke
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199566464
- eISBN:
- 9780191721670
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566464.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
The third chapter argues that in his prose, erstwhile Paris resident Synge drew both from the tradition of Ireland’s ‘Eastern’ roots and fin-de-siècle bohemianism in depicting ‘instinctively’ ...
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The third chapter argues that in his prose, erstwhile Paris resident Synge drew both from the tradition of Ireland’s ‘Eastern’ roots and fin-de-siècle bohemianism in depicting ‘instinctively’ artistic tinkers; in late 19th-century France, the notional space of ‘Bohemia’ enfolded both Gypsies and free-living artists. In terms of the cultural politics of the Revival, the native theory of tinkers as pre-Celtic survivals was a more acceptable Orientalization than that to which British and European Gypsies had earlier been subject. Moreover, the perceived Irish affinity with France buttressed Synge’s invocation of the bohémien. Hence, even when he Orientalizes tinkers, Synge invokes a native or domesticated discourse of the exotic procured from an impeccably Irish intellectual tradition and a complementary model imported from Sister France. Ultimately, Synge’s association of islanders with tinkers led him to represent Aran as an Eastern, pre-Celtic space safe from the contamination of evolutionary change and Western modernityLess
The third chapter argues that in his prose, erstwhile Paris resident Synge drew both from the tradition of Ireland’s ‘Eastern’ roots and fin-de-siècle bohemianism in depicting ‘instinctively’ artistic tinkers; in late 19th-century France, the notional space of ‘Bohemia’ enfolded both Gypsies and free-living artists. In terms of the cultural politics of the Revival, the native theory of tinkers as pre-Celtic survivals was a more acceptable Orientalization than that to which British and European Gypsies had earlier been subject. Moreover, the perceived Irish affinity with France buttressed Synge’s invocation of the bohémien. Hence, even when he Orientalizes tinkers, Synge invokes a native or domesticated discourse of the exotic procured from an impeccably Irish intellectual tradition and a complementary model imported from Sister France. Ultimately, Synge’s association of islanders with tinkers led him to represent Aran as an Eastern, pre-Celtic space safe from the contamination of evolutionary change and Western modernity
Steven Rings
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195384277
- eISBN:
- 9780199897001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195384277.003.0008
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition, History, Western
The book's final chapter explores the slow movement from Brahms's String Quintet in G, op. 111. The analysis centers on the ways in which the piece's tonally ambiguous motto takes on different tonal ...
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The book's final chapter explores the slow movement from Brahms's String Quintet in G, op. 111. The analysis centers on the ways in which the piece's tonally ambiguous motto takes on different tonal orientations as a result of the harmonic rhetoric of the music that precedes and follows it on its various occurrences. These issues of tonal orientation interact with a topical discourse that places Gypsy-music signifiers in dialogue with Western “high” styles. The interpretive implications of this topical and tonal process are addressed.Less
The book's final chapter explores the slow movement from Brahms's String Quintet in G, op. 111. The analysis centers on the ways in which the piece's tonally ambiguous motto takes on different tonal orientations as a result of the harmonic rhetoric of the music that precedes and follows it on its various occurrences. These issues of tonal orientation interact with a topical discourse that places Gypsy-music signifiers in dialogue with Western “high” styles. The interpretive implications of this topical and tonal process are addressed.
Marjorie Garber
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823242047
- eISBN:
- 9780823242085
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823242047.003.0014
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
The term “academia” was first mentioned in William H. Whyte's 1956 classic work of sociology, The Organization Man. Contrast “academia” with the more traditional, and irenic sounding, “academe,” ...
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The term “academia” was first mentioned in William H. Whyte's 1956 classic work of sociology, The Organization Man. Contrast “academia” with the more traditional, and irenic sounding, “academe,” which dates in English as far back as William Shakespeare, and which, especially in the proverbial phrase “the groves of Academe,” has come to mean “the academic community, the world of university scholarship.” Academic as a substantive noun is used only by non-academics. The term, when wielded in the media (note -ia suffix) seems to conflate irrelevance with arrogance. No one has written more wittily about this than David Brooks, in his bestseller Bobos in Paradise. This chapter discusses the concepts of gypsy scholars and scholar gypsies, as well as nomad intellectuals and intellectual nomads. Fred Hechinger described “gypsy scholars” as “recent doctoral graduates in the humanities and social sciences who wander from job to transitory job with little prospect of a stable long-term career.” The story of the scholar-gypsy is taken from Jospeh Glanvill's book The Vanity of Dogmatizing, published in 1661.Less
The term “academia” was first mentioned in William H. Whyte's 1956 classic work of sociology, The Organization Man. Contrast “academia” with the more traditional, and irenic sounding, “academe,” which dates in English as far back as William Shakespeare, and which, especially in the proverbial phrase “the groves of Academe,” has come to mean “the academic community, the world of university scholarship.” Academic as a substantive noun is used only by non-academics. The term, when wielded in the media (note -ia suffix) seems to conflate irrelevance with arrogance. No one has written more wittily about this than David Brooks, in his bestseller Bobos in Paradise. This chapter discusses the concepts of gypsy scholars and scholar gypsies, as well as nomad intellectuals and intellectual nomads. Fred Hechinger described “gypsy scholars” as “recent doctoral graduates in the humanities and social sciences who wander from job to transitory job with little prospect of a stable long-term career.” The story of the scholar-gypsy is taken from Jospeh Glanvill's book The Vanity of Dogmatizing, published in 1661.
Joachim Whaley
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198731016
- eISBN:
- 9780191730870
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198731016.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
After 1555 princes and urban magistrates faced the task of re‐establishing order and equilibrium. German historians have generally described this as a process of confessionalisation that led to state ...
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After 1555 princes and urban magistrates faced the task of re‐establishing order and equilibrium. German historians have generally described this as a process of confessionalisation that led to state formation. In fact, however, the German territories remained subject to the authority of the emperor and the Reich and the process of confessionalisation was not as rigorous as many have claimed. Significant developments took place in administration, finance and taxation, education and the economic activities of the princes. The court emerged once more as a central institution; in cities, ruling councils tended to aspire turn themselves into closed oligarchies. From the 1570s, however, governments found themselves challenged by the need to respond to apparently increasingly severe social and economic crises. This had implications for the way that they dealt with the poor, with minorities such as the Jews and the gypsies, and with the phenomenon of witchcraft.Less
After 1555 princes and urban magistrates faced the task of re‐establishing order and equilibrium. German historians have generally described this as a process of confessionalisation that led to state formation. In fact, however, the German territories remained subject to the authority of the emperor and the Reich and the process of confessionalisation was not as rigorous as many have claimed. Significant developments took place in administration, finance and taxation, education and the economic activities of the princes. The court emerged once more as a central institution; in cities, ruling councils tended to aspire turn themselves into closed oligarchies. From the 1570s, however, governments found themselves challenged by the need to respond to apparently increasingly severe social and economic crises. This had implications for the way that they dealt with the poor, with minorities such as the Jews and the gypsies, and with the phenomenon of witchcraft.
Mícheál Ó hAodha
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719083044
- eISBN:
- 9781781702437
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719083044.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
Gypsy and Traveller cultures were of particular fascination to the Gypsy Lore Society (GLS)'s members. The trope of the ‘doomed primitive’ is still a vibrant designation as attributed to many ...
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Gypsy and Traveller cultures were of particular fascination to the Gypsy Lore Society (GLS)'s members. The trope of the ‘doomed primitive’ is still a vibrant designation as attributed to many minorities today, certain traditionally nomadic groups, such as the Roma Gypsies and the ‘indigenous’ Traveller groups included. The raison-d'être of the GLS was deemed a very appropriate and timely project, and this attitude would underlie the intellectual projects and energies of those intellectuals who shaped the folkloristic discourse that was the GLS. The Irish Travellers were considered one of the ‘lowest’ groups on the exotic and cultural purity scales created by the Gypsilorists. The temptation to explain Traveller origins fitted into the ‘racial purity’ and exoticist hierarchy of the Gypsilorists. Groups campaigning for social rights and cultural autonomy for Gypsies and Travellers are increasingly reassessing the role that the Gypsilorist tradition played in the perpetuation of erroneous stereotypes and myths.Less
Gypsy and Traveller cultures were of particular fascination to the Gypsy Lore Society (GLS)'s members. The trope of the ‘doomed primitive’ is still a vibrant designation as attributed to many minorities today, certain traditionally nomadic groups, such as the Roma Gypsies and the ‘indigenous’ Traveller groups included. The raison-d'être of the GLS was deemed a very appropriate and timely project, and this attitude would underlie the intellectual projects and energies of those intellectuals who shaped the folkloristic discourse that was the GLS. The Irish Travellers were considered one of the ‘lowest’ groups on the exotic and cultural purity scales created by the Gypsilorists. The temptation to explain Traveller origins fitted into the ‘racial purity’ and exoticist hierarchy of the Gypsilorists. Groups campaigning for social rights and cultural autonomy for Gypsies and Travellers are increasingly reassessing the role that the Gypsilorist tradition played in the perpetuation of erroneous stereotypes and myths.
Duncan F. Kennedy
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199603848
- eISBN:
- 9780191731587
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603848.003.0011
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
The youthful Pushkin’s poem ‘To Ovid’ (1821) takes up the Ovidian tradition of self-conscious reflection on exile. This chapter considers the poem’s literary and historical context and rhetorical ...
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The youthful Pushkin’s poem ‘To Ovid’ (1821) takes up the Ovidian tradition of self-conscious reflection on exile. This chapter considers the poem’s literary and historical context and rhetorical strategies. Tomis, the place of Ovid’s exile, was ceded by the Ottoman Empire to Russia in 1812, shortly before Pushkin was exiled there; Pushkin approached this unknown and exotic area with the models of Byron and Ovid. Pushkin’s poem indicates how his expectations of exile were moulded by Ovid’s poetry, though the reality he experienced was very different. In developing the Romantic tropes of poetic presence and personal alienation, his poem pays tribute to the enduring power of Ovid’s poetic voice to beguile its readers, whilst enabling Pushkin to distance himself from what he sees as the historical Ovid’s negative response to the experience of exile—a judgement he tempers a few years later in one of his last works written in exile, ‘The Gypsies’.Less
The youthful Pushkin’s poem ‘To Ovid’ (1821) takes up the Ovidian tradition of self-conscious reflection on exile. This chapter considers the poem’s literary and historical context and rhetorical strategies. Tomis, the place of Ovid’s exile, was ceded by the Ottoman Empire to Russia in 1812, shortly before Pushkin was exiled there; Pushkin approached this unknown and exotic area with the models of Byron and Ovid. Pushkin’s poem indicates how his expectations of exile were moulded by Ovid’s poetry, though the reality he experienced was very different. In developing the Romantic tropes of poetic presence and personal alienation, his poem pays tribute to the enduring power of Ovid’s poetic voice to beguile its readers, whilst enabling Pushkin to distance himself from what he sees as the historical Ovid’s negative response to the experience of exile—a judgement he tempers a few years later in one of his last works written in exile, ‘The Gypsies’.
Karl Brown
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199827657
- eISBN:
- 9780199950461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199827657.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Cultural History
From 1948 to 1956, the communist regime in Hungary sought to transform the state into a centralized command economy on the Soviet model. It was largely unsuccessful in doing so—especially in the ...
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From 1948 to 1956, the communist regime in Hungary sought to transform the state into a centralized command economy on the Soviet model. It was largely unsuccessful in doing so—especially in the countryside, where peasants deployed the “weapons of the weak” against the state’s relatively poor surveillance and control. Wood theft, which had been practiced by Magyar peasants for centuries, continued in the communist period; pig-killing, previously a major element of peasant life and newly criminalized under the communist regime, was also widely practiced. Using the story of one successful black marketer in illicit meat and wood, Karl Brown demonstrates how most if not all Hungarian peasants were involved in these illicit practices, and how the rural social network transformed into a thriving black market in which even the Roma (or Gypsies) had opportunities for profit. In attempting to centralize the rural economy, the party-state actually encouraged a hyper-capitalist mindset among the peasantry as wood and meat—previously stolen for individual use or shared to strengthen kinship and local bonds—became commodified on the black market. To whatever extent the rise of a consumer economy in the Eastern Bloc enabled the eventual downfall of communism, this process began at the very outset of communist rule.Less
From 1948 to 1956, the communist regime in Hungary sought to transform the state into a centralized command economy on the Soviet model. It was largely unsuccessful in doing so—especially in the countryside, where peasants deployed the “weapons of the weak” against the state’s relatively poor surveillance and control. Wood theft, which had been practiced by Magyar peasants for centuries, continued in the communist period; pig-killing, previously a major element of peasant life and newly criminalized under the communist regime, was also widely practiced. Using the story of one successful black marketer in illicit meat and wood, Karl Brown demonstrates how most if not all Hungarian peasants were involved in these illicit practices, and how the rural social network transformed into a thriving black market in which even the Roma (or Gypsies) had opportunities for profit. In attempting to centralize the rural economy, the party-state actually encouraged a hyper-capitalist mindset among the peasantry as wood and meat—previously stolen for individual use or shared to strengthen kinship and local bonds—became commodified on the black market. To whatever extent the rise of a consumer economy in the Eastern Bloc enabled the eventual downfall of communism, this process began at the very outset of communist rule.
Gregory Tate
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199659418
- eISBN:
- 9780191749018
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659418.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter moves forward to the 1860s to consider the poetry of George Eliot, which, like Tennyson's verse, presents two divergent accounts of psychology. One, similar to her novelistic practice, ...
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This chapter moves forward to the 1860s to consider the poetry of George Eliot, which, like Tennyson's verse, presents two divergent accounts of psychology. One, similar to her novelistic practice, deploys theories of physiological psychology as the basis for the analysis of mental processes. The other, founded on Eliot's conception of poetry as a spiritual medium, evokes an aspect of mental life that defies analysis. The chapter examines the theories of evolutionary psychology and ‘organic memory’, put forward by Herbert Spencer and by Eliot's partner Lewes, that were important influences on Eliot's poetry. It also reads Eliot's novella ‘The Lifted Veil’ as a meditation on the relations between poetry, prose, and the study of the mind. It then traces Eliot's efforts to reconcile her two accounts of psychology in her epic poem The Spanish Gypsy, her sonnet sequence ‘Brother and Sister’, and the poetic quotations used in her novels.Less
This chapter moves forward to the 1860s to consider the poetry of George Eliot, which, like Tennyson's verse, presents two divergent accounts of psychology. One, similar to her novelistic practice, deploys theories of physiological psychology as the basis for the analysis of mental processes. The other, founded on Eliot's conception of poetry as a spiritual medium, evokes an aspect of mental life that defies analysis. The chapter examines the theories of evolutionary psychology and ‘organic memory’, put forward by Herbert Spencer and by Eliot's partner Lewes, that were important influences on Eliot's poetry. It also reads Eliot's novella ‘The Lifted Veil’ as a meditation on the relations between poetry, prose, and the study of the mind. It then traces Eliot's efforts to reconcile her two accounts of psychology in her epic poem The Spanish Gypsy, her sonnet sequence ‘Brother and Sister’, and the poetic quotations used in her novels.
Katharine Hooper (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853236795
- eISBN:
- 9781846313950
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853236795.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter describes the collections of ‘Gypsy’ materials at Liverpool University Library, which comprise two separate but interrelated sections: the Gypsy Lore Society Archive and the Scott Macfie ...
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This chapter describes the collections of ‘Gypsy’ materials at Liverpool University Library, which comprise two separate but interrelated sections: the Gypsy Lore Society Archive and the Scott Macfie Gypsy Collections. It analyzes the scholarship, organization, passion, fieldwork, and collections of the Gypsylorists, from John Sampson and Scott Macfie to Dora Yates and Yaron Matras. The Gypsy Collections include photographs, old woodcuts, manuscripts, press cuttings, posters, books, and edicts, and constitute a mixture of ‘erudition and romanticism’ — institutional recognition of the culture and history of the Romanies being considered worthy of appropriate storage, display, and memorialization.Less
This chapter describes the collections of ‘Gypsy’ materials at Liverpool University Library, which comprise two separate but interrelated sections: the Gypsy Lore Society Archive and the Scott Macfie Gypsy Collections. It analyzes the scholarship, organization, passion, fieldwork, and collections of the Gypsylorists, from John Sampson and Scott Macfie to Dora Yates and Yaron Matras. The Gypsy Collections include photographs, old woodcuts, manuscripts, press cuttings, posters, books, and edicts, and constitute a mixture of ‘erudition and romanticism’ — institutional recognition of the culture and history of the Romanies being considered worthy of appropriate storage, display, and memorialization.
