Khalid Koser
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199600458
- eISBN:
- 9780191723544
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199600458.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
A chapter on internally displaced persons (IDPs) stands out from the other chapters in this volume in that it concerns internal rather than international migrants; and people who are therefore almost ...
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A chapter on internally displaced persons (IDPs) stands out from the other chapters in this volume in that it concerns internal rather than international migrants; and people who are therefore almost always citizens of the country where they have migrated or been displaced. In addition to providing an overview of the institutional, political, and normative elements of the response to internal displacement, this chapter therefore focuses on wider implications for the global governance of international migration. Citizenship is still on the whole the preserve of sovereign states, and so inter-state regulation is less an issue for IDPs than for international migrants. At the same time, there has been a rapid evolution of institutional cooperation in assisting and protecting IDPs. The way that international organizations have overcome institutional rivalries and worked towards innovative responses to gaps in their mandates to protect IDPs has important lessons for the international response to other migrants such as those resulting from the effects of climate change who do not clearly fall within the responsibility of a single agency. At the political level, the key challenge has been to negotiate international intervention in a sovereign domain. The evolution of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) concept has been critical here, and this chapter analyses its relationship to IDPs. At the same time, the way that R2P also pertains to the protection of other migratory citizens, including internal migrants, returning refugees, and international migrants, is analysed. Finally, at the normative level, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement represent a good example of ‘bottom-up’ consensus-building. The Guiding Principles are in essence a restatement of existing international humanitarian and human rights law as they apply to IDPs, and are not binding upon states. They have nevertheless gained widespread international acceptance and form the basis for a growing body of domestic law. There may be lessons to learn here for the global governance of particularly controversial areas of international migration such as migrant workers.Less
A chapter on internally displaced persons (IDPs) stands out from the other chapters in this volume in that it concerns internal rather than international migrants; and people who are therefore almost always citizens of the country where they have migrated or been displaced. In addition to providing an overview of the institutional, political, and normative elements of the response to internal displacement, this chapter therefore focuses on wider implications for the global governance of international migration. Citizenship is still on the whole the preserve of sovereign states, and so inter-state regulation is less an issue for IDPs than for international migrants. At the same time, there has been a rapid evolution of institutional cooperation in assisting and protecting IDPs. The way that international organizations have overcome institutional rivalries and worked towards innovative responses to gaps in their mandates to protect IDPs has important lessons for the international response to other migrants such as those resulting from the effects of climate change who do not clearly fall within the responsibility of a single agency. At the political level, the key challenge has been to negotiate international intervention in a sovereign domain. The evolution of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) concept has been critical here, and this chapter analyses its relationship to IDPs. At the same time, the way that R2P also pertains to the protection of other migratory citizens, including internal migrants, returning refugees, and international migrants, is analysed. Finally, at the normative level, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement represent a good example of ‘bottom-up’ consensus-building. The Guiding Principles are in essence a restatement of existing international humanitarian and human rights law as they apply to IDPs, and are not binding upon states. They have nevertheless gained widespread international acceptance and form the basis for a growing body of domestic law. There may be lessons to learn here for the global governance of particularly controversial areas of international migration such as migrant workers.
MARK R. FREEDLAND FBA
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199298631
- eISBN:
- 9780191719400
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298631.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
This chapter seeks to complete the analysis of the identity, nature, and main attributes of personal work or employment contracts by considering how, in the law of personal work or employment ...
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This chapter seeks to complete the analysis of the identity, nature, and main attributes of personal work or employment contracts by considering how, in the law of personal work or employment contracts, the content of those contracts is conceived and constructed. The first section explains the idea of guiding principles in relation to the express and implied terms of personal work or employment contracts. The succeeding sections articulate each of the guiding principles in more detail.Less
This chapter seeks to complete the analysis of the identity, nature, and main attributes of personal work or employment contracts by considering how, in the law of personal work or employment contracts, the content of those contracts is conceived and constructed. The first section explains the idea of guiding principles in relation to the express and implied terms of personal work or employment contracts. The succeeding sections articulate each of the guiding principles in more detail.
Jane Mcadam
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199587087
- eISBN:
- 9780191738494
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587087.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter draws together the themes of Chapters 7 and 8 to consider the overarching normative principles of international cooperation, humanity, and dignity that should underpin State and ...
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This chapter draws together the themes of Chapters 7 and 8 to consider the overarching normative principles of international cooperation, humanity, and dignity that should underpin State and institutional responses to cross-border displacement in the context of climate change and disasters. By placing the needs and rights of the affected individual at the centre of analysis, they mandate that legal and policy responses are human-rights-focused. There is an increasing coalescence of institutional support for the creation of a set of guiding principles, similar in nature to the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, to provide a guiding framework in cross-border scenarios. This is coupled with a noticeable shift in emphasis at the international level away from ‘climate change’ displacement, to a focus on ‘disasters’, of which climate change-related disasters are a sub-category. This sits more comfortably with the conceptual problems of isolating ‘climate change’ as a cause of movement, discussed throughout the book.Less
This chapter draws together the themes of Chapters 7 and 8 to consider the overarching normative principles of international cooperation, humanity, and dignity that should underpin State and institutional responses to cross-border displacement in the context of climate change and disasters. By placing the needs and rights of the affected individual at the centre of analysis, they mandate that legal and policy responses are human-rights-focused. There is an increasing coalescence of institutional support for the creation of a set of guiding principles, similar in nature to the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, to provide a guiding framework in cross-border scenarios. This is coupled with a noticeable shift in emphasis at the international level away from ‘climate change’ displacement, to a focus on ‘disasters’, of which climate change-related disasters are a sub-category. This sits more comfortably with the conceptual problems of isolating ‘climate change’ as a cause of movement, discussed throughout the book.
Marc Weller
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199566167
- eISBN:
- 9780191705373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566167.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
The framework for the Vienna negotiations on Kosovo's final status, which took place over fifteen rounds during 2006, was established by the UN Security Council, and there was a presumption that once ...
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The framework for the Vienna negotiations on Kosovo's final status, which took place over fifteen rounds during 2006, was established by the UN Security Council, and there was a presumption that once commenced, the talks should not be blocked by any party. The Contact Group issued ten ‘guiding principles’, which set the red lines to be imposed by the mediators and concerned, inter alia, human rights, protection of cultural and religious heritage, regional stability and economic development, and the acceptance of continued international supervision. This chapter traces the unfolding of negotiations themselves, detailing the format of the talks, outlining basic positions, and presenting an in-depth analysis of the conduct and content of discussions. The resulting draft Comprehensive Proposal of 2 February 2007 — covering status, construction of the polity, community rights, international presence and the Special Envoy's recommendation for ‘supervised independence’ — was welcomed by Kosovo, but rejected by Serbia.Less
The framework for the Vienna negotiations on Kosovo's final status, which took place over fifteen rounds during 2006, was established by the UN Security Council, and there was a presumption that once commenced, the talks should not be blocked by any party. The Contact Group issued ten ‘guiding principles’, which set the red lines to be imposed by the mediators and concerned, inter alia, human rights, protection of cultural and religious heritage, regional stability and economic development, and the acceptance of continued international supervision. This chapter traces the unfolding of negotiations themselves, detailing the format of the talks, outlining basic positions, and presenting an in-depth analysis of the conduct and content of discussions. The resulting draft Comprehensive Proposal of 2 February 2007 — covering status, construction of the polity, community rights, international presence and the Special Envoy's recommendation for ‘supervised independence’ — was welcomed by Kosovo, but rejected by Serbia.
A. J. Nicholls
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208525
- eISBN:
- 9780191678059
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208525.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter highlights and discuses Erhard's efforts and endeavours as economic director of the Bizone in stabilizing the economic crisis. Erhard was of the view that a currency reform without an ...
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This chapter highlights and discuses Erhard's efforts and endeavours as economic director of the Bizone in stabilizing the economic crisis. Erhard was of the view that a currency reform without an immediate return to free-market principles would be senseless. He undertook necessary measures to abolish controls on the allocation of manufactured products. He drafted legislation which gave him the power to overthrow the control system once the abolition of the old currency was implemented. He implemented the Guiding Principles Law before currency reform was introduced, to free the economy from a stifling blanket of controls that had to be taken very rapidly. Shifts in taxation and tax cuts benefited profits and property at the expense of the lower income groups.Less
This chapter highlights and discuses Erhard's efforts and endeavours as economic director of the Bizone in stabilizing the economic crisis. Erhard was of the view that a currency reform without an immediate return to free-market principles would be senseless. He undertook necessary measures to abolish controls on the allocation of manufactured products. He drafted legislation which gave him the power to overthrow the control system once the abolition of the old currency was implemented. He implemented the Guiding Principles Law before currency reform was introduced, to free the economy from a stifling blanket of controls that had to be taken very rapidly. Shifts in taxation and tax cuts benefited profits and property at the expense of the lower income groups.
Anna Joubin-Bret and Cristian Rodriguez Chiffelle
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198827450
- eISBN:
- 9780191866319
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198827450.003.0018
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Company and Commercial Law
One of the most important and concrete outcomes of China’s G20 presidency was the establishment of a Trade and Investment Working Group (TIWG), recognizing that robust and sustainable trade and ...
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One of the most important and concrete outcomes of China’s G20 presidency was the establishment of a Trade and Investment Working Group (TIWG), recognizing that robust and sustainable trade and investment reinforces economic growth and calling for enhanced G20 trade and investment cooperation. The Chinese presidency’s renewed approach was not only to bring stand-alone investment issues to the G20 table, but also to re-spark the conversation on investment and trade policy-making by bringing them closer together again, acknowledging the complementarity of trade and investment as the engines of economic growth. This has paved the way for coherent, integrated discussions on trade and investment for the first time in fifteen years in the global political arena. On the investment side, the TIWG delivered the G20 Guiding Principles for Global Investment Policy-Making (G20 Guiding Principles), a key outcome of the Chinese presidency. These were endorsed by trade ministers in Shanghai in July 2016 and then by heads of state at the Hangzhou Summit in September 2016, with the objective of fostering an open, transparent, and conducive global policy environment for investment; promoting coherence in national and international investment policy-making; and promoting inclusive economic growth and sustainable development. The G20 Guiding Principles are introduced in the chapter. It begins with a background review of their crafting and various attempts at devising guiding principles on international investment, and identifies some of the guidelines that have paved the way for the Principles. The chapter then focuses on the objectives, scope, and content of the G20 Guiding Principles and considers their potential impact on policy-making at the domestic and international levels. Finally, the chapter addresses the broader work of the G20 TIWG, including the trade and investment linkage, analyses the general state of play of G20 countries’ investment agreements, and offers some preliminary conclusions and ways forward.Less
One of the most important and concrete outcomes of China’s G20 presidency was the establishment of a Trade and Investment Working Group (TIWG), recognizing that robust and sustainable trade and investment reinforces economic growth and calling for enhanced G20 trade and investment cooperation. The Chinese presidency’s renewed approach was not only to bring stand-alone investment issues to the G20 table, but also to re-spark the conversation on investment and trade policy-making by bringing them closer together again, acknowledging the complementarity of trade and investment as the engines of economic growth. This has paved the way for coherent, integrated discussions on trade and investment for the first time in fifteen years in the global political arena. On the investment side, the TIWG delivered the G20 Guiding Principles for Global Investment Policy-Making (G20 Guiding Principles), a key outcome of the Chinese presidency. These were endorsed by trade ministers in Shanghai in July 2016 and then by heads of state at the Hangzhou Summit in September 2016, with the objective of fostering an open, transparent, and conducive global policy environment for investment; promoting coherence in national and international investment policy-making; and promoting inclusive economic growth and sustainable development. The G20 Guiding Principles are introduced in the chapter. It begins with a background review of their crafting and various attempts at devising guiding principles on international investment, and identifies some of the guidelines that have paved the way for the Principles. The chapter then focuses on the objectives, scope, and content of the G20 Guiding Principles and considers their potential impact on policy-making at the domestic and international levels. Finally, the chapter addresses the broader work of the G20 TIWG, including the trade and investment linkage, analyses the general state of play of G20 countries’ investment agreements, and offers some preliminary conclusions and ways forward.
Lynn Roseberry and Johan Roos
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198717119
- eISBN:
- 9780191785832
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198717119.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR
This chapter presents the seven guiding principles that can counteract the myths and assumptions that lull people into accepting gender imbalance as the way things have to be and lead to better ...
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This chapter presents the seven guiding principles that can counteract the myths and assumptions that lull people into accepting gender imbalance as the way things have to be and lead to better decision-making and improved governance of societies’ institutions. The chapter describes how these seven guiding principles can be used in practice by applying them to three business cases in which leaders acted in conformity with the principles and to one business case in which they did not. The leaders who took effective action to promote gender balance in their organizations did not blame gender imbalance or lack of diversity on factors beyond their control—like market forces, or a short supply of qualified and ambitious women or minorities. Anyone who believes that gender balance is important can use these principles to help lead the way to gender balance by talking about them with colleagues, board members, friends, and family.Less
This chapter presents the seven guiding principles that can counteract the myths and assumptions that lull people into accepting gender imbalance as the way things have to be and lead to better decision-making and improved governance of societies’ institutions. The chapter describes how these seven guiding principles can be used in practice by applying them to three business cases in which leaders acted in conformity with the principles and to one business case in which they did not. The leaders who took effective action to promote gender balance in their organizations did not blame gender imbalance or lack of diversity on factors beyond their control—like market forces, or a short supply of qualified and ambitious women or minorities. Anyone who believes that gender balance is important can use these principles to help lead the way to gender balance by talking about them with colleagues, board members, friends, and family.
Ursula Wynhoven and Yousuf Aftab
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226244273
- eISBN:
- 9780226244440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226244440.003.0011
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
The dichotomy between voluntary and regulatory approaches to achieving corporate responsibility is increasingly recognized as a false one. Instead, there is a new focus on the search for a smart mix ...
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The dichotomy between voluntary and regulatory approaches to achieving corporate responsibility is increasingly recognized as a false one. Instead, there is a new focus on the search for a smart mix of instruments and initiatives to incentivize and disincentivize, to reward and reorient business in the pursuit of corporate responsibility including for human rights. In this wider context, voluntary initiatives serve a variety of functions as a complement, but not substitute for regulation. Using the United Nations Global Compact as an example, this chapter unpacks some of the main contributions of voluntary initiatives. Lack of corporate responsibility is often not the result of rational profit maximizing business decisions. There are information gaps and management system failures that voluntary initiatives are well placed to help address. Among other things, voluntary initiatives focus on the important question of “how” in concrete specific terms corporate responsibility is to be realized. The limits of the law mean that regulation alone is not the panacea. There is an important role for voluntary actions like learning, dialogue and collective approaches and for self-enlightened business interest. And there is the need for all societal actors – consumers, investors, workers, governments - to better align the signals they send to businessLess
The dichotomy between voluntary and regulatory approaches to achieving corporate responsibility is increasingly recognized as a false one. Instead, there is a new focus on the search for a smart mix of instruments and initiatives to incentivize and disincentivize, to reward and reorient business in the pursuit of corporate responsibility including for human rights. In this wider context, voluntary initiatives serve a variety of functions as a complement, but not substitute for regulation. Using the United Nations Global Compact as an example, this chapter unpacks some of the main contributions of voluntary initiatives. Lack of corporate responsibility is often not the result of rational profit maximizing business decisions. There are information gaps and management system failures that voluntary initiatives are well placed to help address. Among other things, voluntary initiatives focus on the important question of “how” in concrete specific terms corporate responsibility is to be realized. The limits of the law mean that regulation alone is not the panacea. There is an important role for voluntary actions like learning, dialogue and collective approaches and for self-enlightened business interest. And there is the need for all societal actors – consumers, investors, workers, governments - to better align the signals they send to business
Phil Orchard
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198712787
- eISBN:
- 9780191781162
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198712787.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The guiding principles on internal displacement are a critical document for the protection of some 28.8 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) worldwide. These non-binding principles have ...
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The guiding principles on internal displacement are a critical document for the protection of some 28.8 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) worldwide. These non-binding principles have introduced a normative basis for a global IDP protection regime, defining who qualifies for IDP status, the rights of individual IDPs under international law, and the duties and obligations of states and the international community towards them. The guiding principles appear to be strongly institutionalized at the international level. They have also been widely adopted in domestic law, with 25 of the 62 states with internally displaced populations having passed some forms of legislation to assist IDPs. However, practical and policy-oriented implementation at the domestic level has lagged. First, discordance exists between the principles and these domestic laws and policies. Second, in some cases, initially clear and expansive IDP policies have either stalled or threatened to stall due to issues of support or resources.Less
The guiding principles on internal displacement are a critical document for the protection of some 28.8 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) worldwide. These non-binding principles have introduced a normative basis for a global IDP protection regime, defining who qualifies for IDP status, the rights of individual IDPs under international law, and the duties and obligations of states and the international community towards them. The guiding principles appear to be strongly institutionalized at the international level. They have also been widely adopted in domestic law, with 25 of the 62 states with internally displaced populations having passed some forms of legislation to assist IDPs. However, practical and policy-oriented implementation at the domestic level has lagged. First, discordance exists between the principles and these domestic laws and policies. Second, in some cases, initially clear and expansive IDP policies have either stalled or threatened to stall due to issues of support or resources.
Miriam Bradley
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198716389
- eISBN:
- 9780191784958
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716389.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter introduces the legal and normative frameworks employed by the ICRC and UNHCR, explaining how these frameworks shape their work. International humanitarian law is central to the identity, ...
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This chapter introduces the legal and normative frameworks employed by the ICRC and UNHCR, explaining how these frameworks shape their work. International humanitarian law is central to the identity, legal mandate, and day-to-day work of the ICRC, while UNHCR emphasizes the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, domestic legislation, and the rights of IDPs not to be disadvantaged or discriminated against on account of their displacement. The legal and normative framework on which the ICRC bases its approach to protecting civilians in internal conflict was originally designed to regulate international conflict. UNHCR has also carried across a particular understanding of protection from international refugee law and its refugee protection work to its IDP protection work. As a consequence, the laws and norms on which the ICRC and UNHCR base their in-country protection efforts may not be fully appropriate for the tasks at hand.Less
This chapter introduces the legal and normative frameworks employed by the ICRC and UNHCR, explaining how these frameworks shape their work. International humanitarian law is central to the identity, legal mandate, and day-to-day work of the ICRC, while UNHCR emphasizes the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, domestic legislation, and the rights of IDPs not to be disadvantaged or discriminated against on account of their displacement. The legal and normative framework on which the ICRC bases its approach to protecting civilians in internal conflict was originally designed to regulate international conflict. UNHCR has also carried across a particular understanding of protection from international refugee law and its refugee protection work to its IDP protection work. As a consequence, the laws and norms on which the ICRC and UNHCR base their in-country protection efforts may not be fully appropriate for the tasks at hand.
Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198810445
- eISBN:
- 9780191847783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198810445.003.0022
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
This chapter discusses the structural elements of the Guiding Principles for human rights impact assessments of economic reform policies, proposed by the UN Independent Expert on foreign debt and ...
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This chapter discusses the structural elements of the Guiding Principles for human rights impact assessments of economic reform policies, proposed by the UN Independent Expert on foreign debt and human rights. It describes the evolution of structural adjustment responses to financial crises and mitigation of adverse social impact up to the recent financial crisis, explains how structural adjustment programmes usually affect human rights and argues that, for both economic and legal reasons, economic reform programmes must be inclusive while at the same time advance human rights. It also explains how using human rights impact assessments can help strengthen States’ policy responses to financial crises. The chapter concludes with some preliminary recommendations for discussion on the contents and format of the Guiding Principles and proposes the next steps towards their development.Less
This chapter discusses the structural elements of the Guiding Principles for human rights impact assessments of economic reform policies, proposed by the UN Independent Expert on foreign debt and human rights. It describes the evolution of structural adjustment responses to financial crises and mitigation of adverse social impact up to the recent financial crisis, explains how structural adjustment programmes usually affect human rights and argues that, for both economic and legal reasons, economic reform programmes must be inclusive while at the same time advance human rights. It also explains how using human rights impact assessments can help strengthen States’ policy responses to financial crises. The chapter concludes with some preliminary recommendations for discussion on the contents and format of the Guiding Principles and proposes the next steps towards their development.
Stéphanie Lagoutte (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198791409
- eISBN:
- 9780191833878
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198791409.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are an example where soft law arguably takes on a primary role in the human rights field. This chapter argues that the Guiding Principles are a ...
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The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are an example where soft law arguably takes on a primary role in the human rights field. This chapter argues that the Guiding Principles are a challenging, and sometimes confusing, instrument for public international law and international human rights law in terms of form and content. It is therefore important to clarify the nature and the contents of the Guiding Principles and analyse the effects of the emergence of such soft law instruments. The author acknowledges that the Guiding Principles have played a catalyst role in bringing together relevant human rights obligations in a set of soft law standards addressing both states and business enterprises. However, by associating corporate social responsibility discourse and actual legal obligation in the same instrument, it also becomes more difficult to distinguish the mandatory elements from the voluntary ones within the field of human rights and business.Less
The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are an example where soft law arguably takes on a primary role in the human rights field. This chapter argues that the Guiding Principles are a challenging, and sometimes confusing, instrument for public international law and international human rights law in terms of form and content. It is therefore important to clarify the nature and the contents of the Guiding Principles and analyse the effects of the emergence of such soft law instruments. The author acknowledges that the Guiding Principles have played a catalyst role in bringing together relevant human rights obligations in a set of soft law standards addressing both states and business enterprises. However, by associating corporate social responsibility discourse and actual legal obligation in the same instrument, it also becomes more difficult to distinguish the mandatory elements from the voluntary ones within the field of human rights and business.
Ayo Seligman and Robin B. Goldberg
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262037150
- eISBN:
- 9780262343695
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262037150.003.0018
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
If you were to go back just three years, the name “Minerva” was most commonly associated with the mythological Roman goddess of wisdom. Today, it is a registered trademark and refers to the most ...
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If you were to go back just three years, the name “Minerva” was most commonly associated with the mythological Roman goddess of wisdom. Today, it is a registered trademark and refers to the most selective university program on the planet. How did that happen? In this chapter, we describe the journey of building a prestigious brand from scratch—how we got started with just a name and developed brand meaning, values, visual and verbal identity, and a set of principles that has become a foundation of the institution today. The key has been to take this well beyond a name and logo, turning the brand concepts into a working framework for every single person at Minerva, regardless of role.Less
If you were to go back just three years, the name “Minerva” was most commonly associated with the mythological Roman goddess of wisdom. Today, it is a registered trademark and refers to the most selective university program on the planet. How did that happen? In this chapter, we describe the journey of building a prestigious brand from scratch—how we got started with just a name and developed brand meaning, values, visual and verbal identity, and a set of principles that has become a foundation of the institution today. The key has been to take this well beyond a name and logo, turning the brand concepts into a working framework for every single person at Minerva, regardless of role.
Michael K Addo
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- June 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198795650
- eISBN:
- 9780191836961
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795650.003.0013
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter assesses the challenges posed by the implementation of business and human rights standards, especially the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) in small ...
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This chapter assesses the challenges posed by the implementation of business and human rights standards, especially the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Although SMEs make up between 85 and 99 per cent of global enterprises, they have not been directly involved in the crafting of these standards and this coupled with the traditional focus on transnational enterprises gives a flavour of the formidably challenging context in which the UNGPs are to be implemented. Drawing on lessons from related disciplines such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental sustainability, the chapter explores the implications for human rights of issues such as SME identity, organizational structures, and their place in supply chains. The chapter concludes that the challenges are not overwhelming, especially if the unique characteristics of SMEs such as their flexibility, adaptability, and clear leaderships can be leveraged to achieve the objectives of the business and human rights standards.Less
This chapter assesses the challenges posed by the implementation of business and human rights standards, especially the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Although SMEs make up between 85 and 99 per cent of global enterprises, they have not been directly involved in the crafting of these standards and this coupled with the traditional focus on transnational enterprises gives a flavour of the formidably challenging context in which the UNGPs are to be implemented. Drawing on lessons from related disciplines such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental sustainability, the chapter explores the implications for human rights of issues such as SME identity, organizational structures, and their place in supply chains. The chapter concludes that the challenges are not overwhelming, especially if the unique characteristics of SMEs such as their flexibility, adaptability, and clear leaderships can be leveraged to achieve the objectives of the business and human rights standards.
MELVIN DELGADO and DENISE HUMM-DELGADO
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199735846
- eISBN:
- 9780199315864
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199735846.003.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
Community social work practice must build upon the successful completion of a community-focused asset assessment. Furthermore, this form of assessment is an intervention onto itself, as well as ...
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Community social work practice must build upon the successful completion of a community-focused asset assessment. Furthermore, this form of assessment is an intervention onto itself, as well as serving as the basis for interventions based on the findings. Once an assessment is thought of as an intervention, then the process used to gather data goes far beyond this task and also actively seeks to achieve positive social change as one of its many goals. Community asset assessment is conceptualized as falling into what Lather (2006) refers to as “emancipate” paradigm, which stresses actions such as participatory research, critical ethnography, critical cartography, critical race theory, feminist theory, and gay and lesbian theories. Community asset assessment represents a process of discovery, and in this case, one focused on capacities and assets.Less
Community social work practice must build upon the successful completion of a community-focused asset assessment. Furthermore, this form of assessment is an intervention onto itself, as well as serving as the basis for interventions based on the findings. Once an assessment is thought of as an intervention, then the process used to gather data goes far beyond this task and also actively seeks to achieve positive social change as one of its many goals. Community asset assessment is conceptualized as falling into what Lather (2006) refers to as “emancipate” paradigm, which stresses actions such as participatory research, critical ethnography, critical cartography, critical race theory, feminist theory, and gay and lesbian theories. Community asset assessment represents a process of discovery, and in this case, one focused on capacities and assets.
Thomas Cottier and Marina Foltea
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199206995
- eISBN:
- 9780191695674
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206995.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter examines the guiding principles of the World Trade Organization (WTO) with respect to regional trade agreements (RTA). It discusses the economic and political reasons behind RTA and ...
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This chapter examines the guiding principles of the World Trade Organization (WTO) with respect to regional trade agreements (RTA). It discusses the economic and political reasons behind RTA and describes the rules as applied in practice and in WTO jurisprudence. It attempts to clarify the WTO–RTA relationship in the context of the treaty law framework and provides recommendations for reform developed within the framework of the Doha Development Agenda.Less
This chapter examines the guiding principles of the World Trade Organization (WTO) with respect to regional trade agreements (RTA). It discusses the economic and political reasons behind RTA and describes the rules as applied in practice and in WTO jurisprudence. It attempts to clarify the WTO–RTA relationship in the context of the treaty law framework and provides recommendations for reform developed within the framework of the Doha Development Agenda.
Neena L. Chappell, Bonnie Schroeder, and Michelle Gibbens
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861349019
- eISBN:
- 9781447303299
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861349019.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
This chapter presents a report on the six guiding principles that are derived from the information shared by project personnel. These are raising awareness of caregiver issues, encouraging caregiver ...
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This chapter presents a report on the six guiding principles that are derived from the information shared by project personnel. These are raising awareness of caregiver issues, encouraging caregiver leadership, acknowledging caregivers as partners in care, building community capacity, networking to engage and maintain the interest of key stakeholders, and developing advisory steering committee structures. It also studies the implementation of ‘respite as an outcome, not a service’ in three rural regions of Canada, using the point of view of the project personnel who were working within formal organisational structures.Less
This chapter presents a report on the six guiding principles that are derived from the information shared by project personnel. These are raising awareness of caregiver issues, encouraging caregiver leadership, acknowledging caregivers as partners in care, building community capacity, networking to engage and maintain the interest of key stakeholders, and developing advisory steering committee structures. It also studies the implementation of ‘respite as an outcome, not a service’ in three rural regions of Canada, using the point of view of the project personnel who were working within formal organisational structures.
Christoph Good (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198791409
- eISBN:
- 9780191833878
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198791409.003.0013
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
This chapter argues that in addition to the classical preparatory function of soft law, the Guiding Principles may also be seen as an example of soft law fulfilling a more pragmatic role to ensure an ...
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This chapter argues that in addition to the classical preparatory function of soft law, the Guiding Principles may also be seen as an example of soft law fulfilling a more pragmatic role to ensure an output-oriented, multi-layer governance approach. This process is characterized by institutionalized stakeholder involvement and a general openness towards alternative regulatory approaches. It is too early to say whether the Guiding Principles will induce a sustainable behavioural change of states and corporations, yet the use of soft law ended the previously deadlocked international discussions on how to frame corporate responsibilities in the business and human rights nexus. This may well prove to be the most important impact of the Guiding Principles and serve as a model of inspiration for other difficult areas of human rights.Less
This chapter argues that in addition to the classical preparatory function of soft law, the Guiding Principles may also be seen as an example of soft law fulfilling a more pragmatic role to ensure an output-oriented, multi-layer governance approach. This process is characterized by institutionalized stakeholder involvement and a general openness towards alternative regulatory approaches. It is too early to say whether the Guiding Principles will induce a sustainable behavioural change of states and corporations, yet the use of soft law ended the previously deadlocked international discussions on how to frame corporate responsibilities in the business and human rights nexus. This may well prove to be the most important impact of the Guiding Principles and serve as a model of inspiration for other difficult areas of human rights.
Robin D. Moore (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190658397
- eISBN:
- 9780190658434
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658397.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Performing Practice/Studies
This volume considers what a more inclusive, dynamic, and socially engaged curriculum of musical study might look like in universities. Its goal is to create dialogue among faculty, administrators, ...
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This volume considers what a more inclusive, dynamic, and socially engaged curriculum of musical study might look like in universities. Its goal is to create dialogue among faculty, administrators, and students about what the future of college music instruction should be and how to transition to new paradigms. Critiques and calls for reform have existed for decades, but few publications have offered concrete suggestions as to how things might be done differently. This book suggests new concepts or guiding principles that might be used to reconceive applied music education at the university level and, based on existing experiments taking place nationally and internationally, how such principles might be implemented in practical terms. The book’s essays concentrate primarily on changes to performance degrees rather than other subdisciplines since the former constitute the center of activity in most institutions. Ethnomusicologists feature prominently among the contributors, but the volume also includes input from those with specialization in music education, theory/composition, professional performance, and administration.Less
This volume considers what a more inclusive, dynamic, and socially engaged curriculum of musical study might look like in universities. Its goal is to create dialogue among faculty, administrators, and students about what the future of college music instruction should be and how to transition to new paradigms. Critiques and calls for reform have existed for decades, but few publications have offered concrete suggestions as to how things might be done differently. This book suggests new concepts or guiding principles that might be used to reconceive applied music education at the university level and, based on existing experiments taking place nationally and internationally, how such principles might be implemented in practical terms. The book’s essays concentrate primarily on changes to performance degrees rather than other subdisciplines since the former constitute the center of activity in most institutions. Ethnomusicologists feature prominently among the contributors, but the volume also includes input from those with specialization in music education, theory/composition, professional performance, and administration.
Marcus Hartner
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190496869
- eISBN:
- 9780190496883
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190496869.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Psycholinguistics / Neurolinguistics / Cognitive Linguistics
The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in cognitive approaches within the humanities. Yet particularly in the study of literature, many scholars remain sceptical towards this development. ...
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The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in cognitive approaches within the humanities. Yet particularly in the study of literature, many scholars remain sceptical towards this development. Reasons for this may lie in the field’s lack of a common theoretical framework, or an old-fashioned concern about the ‘infiltration and contamination [of literary criticism] by other disciplines’ (Waugh). Another reason can be found in the epistemological and methodological uncertainties surrounding the intersection of empirical (cognitive) science and (non-empirical) literary studies. Problems such as the ‘explanatory gap’ between mind and brain, or the different aims of scientific and literary research have not escaped literary criticism. They have given rise to a critical debate on the potential, the scope, and the problems of cognitive approaches. This chapter engages with this discussion about general conceptual criteria for the academic meeting of literature and science from the perspective of literary scholarship. Drawing on Patrick Hogan’s model of the structural relationship between different levels of scientific investigation, and the work of critics such as Marie-Laure Ryan, William Paulson, and Patricia Waugh, it aims to outline a set of theoretical and methodological criteria for cognitive literary studies. Specifically, the chapter develops and proposes three broad guiding principles (coherence, moderation, and autonomy) for the design of cognitive approaches to literature. By elaborating on the conceptual underpinnings and the practical consequences of those guidelines, it provides some conceptual orientation for research situated at the intersection of literature and science. In this way, it also aims to undercut some of the methodological criticism directed at this exciting interdisciplinary field of study.Less
The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in cognitive approaches within the humanities. Yet particularly in the study of literature, many scholars remain sceptical towards this development. Reasons for this may lie in the field’s lack of a common theoretical framework, or an old-fashioned concern about the ‘infiltration and contamination [of literary criticism] by other disciplines’ (Waugh). Another reason can be found in the epistemological and methodological uncertainties surrounding the intersection of empirical (cognitive) science and (non-empirical) literary studies. Problems such as the ‘explanatory gap’ between mind and brain, or the different aims of scientific and literary research have not escaped literary criticism. They have given rise to a critical debate on the potential, the scope, and the problems of cognitive approaches. This chapter engages with this discussion about general conceptual criteria for the academic meeting of literature and science from the perspective of literary scholarship. Drawing on Patrick Hogan’s model of the structural relationship between different levels of scientific investigation, and the work of critics such as Marie-Laure Ryan, William Paulson, and Patricia Waugh, it aims to outline a set of theoretical and methodological criteria for cognitive literary studies. Specifically, the chapter develops and proposes three broad guiding principles (coherence, moderation, and autonomy) for the design of cognitive approaches to literature. By elaborating on the conceptual underpinnings and the practical consequences of those guidelines, it provides some conceptual orientation for research situated at the intersection of literature and science. In this way, it also aims to undercut some of the methodological criticism directed at this exciting interdisciplinary field of study.
