Maximilian de Gaynesford
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199287826
- eISBN:
- 9780191603570
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199287821.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
The central claim of this book is that I is a deictic term, like the other singular personal pronouns You and He/She. This is true of the logical character, inferential role, referential function, ...
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The central claim of this book is that I is a deictic term, like the other singular personal pronouns You and He/She. This is true of the logical character, inferential role, referential function, expressive use, and communicative role of all and only expressions used to formulate first-personal reference in any language. The first part of the book shows why the standard account of I as a ‘pure indexical’ (‘purism’) should be rejected. Purism requires three mutually supportive doctrines which turn out to be myths: a) that a simple rule is sufficient to give the meaning of I (‘rule theory’); b) that one can use I to express thoughts without having to identify what is being referred to (‘independence’); and c) that as a matter of the meaning of I, any use of the term is logically guaranteed against failure to refer (‘the guarantee’). The second part of the book shows why the radically new account of I should be endorsed as a deictic term. Substitution instances and the behaviour of I in inference reveal that it has an obligatorily deictic logical character and inferential role. I fulfils its referential function in the deictic way, providing determinacy of reference by making an individual referentially salient in the extra-sentential context. The discriminability of the referent of an I-use depends on recognizing the referentially salient individual. This is true of its discriminability both to the reference-maker and to the audience. So I has the expressive use and communicative role of a deictic term. The conclusion of the book directs research towards the next step, showing how the meaning of I may be used to elucidate the thoughts expressed by the term, and from there questions relating to self-knowledge, practical reasoning, belief-acquisition, and belief-ascription.Less
The central claim of this book is that I is a deictic term, like the other singular personal pronouns You and He/She. This is true of the logical character, inferential role, referential function, expressive use, and communicative role of all and only expressions used to formulate first-personal reference in any language. The first part of the book shows why the standard account of I as a ‘pure indexical’ (‘purism’) should be rejected. Purism requires three mutually supportive doctrines which turn out to be myths: a) that a simple rule is sufficient to give the meaning of I (‘rule theory’); b) that one can use I to express thoughts without having to identify what is being referred to (‘independence’); and c) that as a matter of the meaning of I, any use of the term is logically guaranteed against failure to refer (‘the guarantee’). The second part of the book shows why the radically new account of I should be endorsed as a deictic term. Substitution instances and the behaviour of I in inference reveal that it has an obligatorily deictic logical character and inferential role. I fulfils its referential function in the deictic way, providing determinacy of reference by making an individual referentially salient in the extra-sentential context. The discriminability of the referent of an I-use depends on recognizing the referentially salient individual. This is true of its discriminability both to the reference-maker and to the audience. So I has the expressive use and communicative role of a deictic term. The conclusion of the book directs research towards the next step, showing how the meaning of I may be used to elucidate the thoughts expressed by the term, and from there questions relating to self-knowledge, practical reasoning, belief-acquisition, and belief-ascription.
Rolf Niedermeier
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198566076
- eISBN:
- 9780191713910
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566076.003.0006
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Combinatorics / Graph Theory / Discrete Mathematics
This chapter ends the first, introductory part of the book by recalling some of the central observations so far.
This chapter ends the first, introductory part of the book by recalling some of the central observations so far.
Maximilian de Gaynesford
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199287826
- eISBN:
- 9780191603570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199287821.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
‘The guarantee’, or the claim that any use of I is logically guaranteed against reference-failure as a matter of the meaning of the term, is a myth. If security is a semantic truth, I cannot be a ...
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‘The guarantee’, or the claim that any use of I is logically guaranteed against reference-failure as a matter of the meaning of the term, is a myth. If security is a semantic truth, I cannot be a genuinely singular referring term. There is no argument for ‘the guarantee’, which is independent of ‘rule theory’ and ‘independence’. Even professed advocates of ‘the guarantee’ turn out to defend a non-semantic explanation of security.Less
‘The guarantee’, or the claim that any use of I is logically guaranteed against reference-failure as a matter of the meaning of the term, is a myth. If security is a semantic truth, I cannot be a genuinely singular referring term. There is no argument for ‘the guarantee’, which is independent of ‘rule theory’ and ‘independence’. Even professed advocates of ‘the guarantee’ turn out to defend a non-semantic explanation of security.
David McCarthy and Anthony Neuberger
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199204656
- eISBN:
- 9780191603822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199204659.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter models the UK’s recently-established Pension Protection Fund (PPF) established to guarantee defined benefit pensions. It shows that the PPF is likely to face many years of low claims ...
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This chapter models the UK’s recently-established Pension Protection Fund (PPF) established to guarantee defined benefit pensions. It shows that the PPF is likely to face many years of low claims interspersed irregularly with periods of very large claims. There is a significant chance that these claims will be so large that the PPF will default on its liabilities, leaving the government with no option but to bail it out. This is because of the double impact of a fall in equity prices on the PPF, which would render sponsor firms more likely to default and make defaulted plans more likely to be underfunded. The chapter derives a fair premium for this insurance under different circumstances, estimates the extent of cross-subsidies in the PPF between strong and weak sponsors, and shows that risk rated premiums are unlikely to have a substantial effect on either the size or the lumpiness of claims unless they are so powerful that they force weaker sponsors to cut fund deficits and improve the match between assets and liabilities.Less
This chapter models the UK’s recently-established Pension Protection Fund (PPF) established to guarantee defined benefit pensions. It shows that the PPF is likely to face many years of low claims interspersed irregularly with periods of very large claims. There is a significant chance that these claims will be so large that the PPF will default on its liabilities, leaving the government with no option but to bail it out. This is because of the double impact of a fall in equity prices on the PPF, which would render sponsor firms more likely to default and make defaulted plans more likely to be underfunded. The chapter derives a fair premium for this insurance under different circumstances, estimates the extent of cross-subsidies in the PPF between strong and weak sponsors, and shows that risk rated premiums are unlikely to have a substantial effect on either the size or the lumpiness of claims unless they are so powerful that they force weaker sponsors to cut fund deficits and improve the match between assets and liabilities.
Edmund Cannon and Ian Tonks
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199216994
- eISBN:
- 9780191711978
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216994.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Pensions and Pension Management
This chapter outlines the different types of annuity product that are available: guaranteed, joint-life, escalating, inflation-protected, impaired-life, variable, and investment-linked. It provides ...
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This chapter outlines the different types of annuity product that are available: guaranteed, joint-life, escalating, inflation-protected, impaired-life, variable, and investment-linked. It provides illustrative examples documenting annuity prices quoted by annuity providers and the movement in annuity prices over time in both the compulsory (Compulsory Purchase Annuities) market and the voluntary (Purchased Life Annuities) market.Less
This chapter outlines the different types of annuity product that are available: guaranteed, joint-life, escalating, inflation-protected, impaired-life, variable, and investment-linked. It provides illustrative examples documenting annuity prices quoted by annuity providers and the movement in annuity prices over time in both the compulsory (Compulsory Purchase Annuities) market and the voluntary (Purchased Life Annuities) market.
Edmund Cannon and Ian Tonks
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199216994
- eISBN:
- 9780191711978
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216994.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Pensions and Pension Management
This chapter examines the structure and prevalence of annuity markets in a number of selected countries around the world: Australia, Chile, Germany, Italy, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, and USA. It ...
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This chapter examines the structure and prevalence of annuity markets in a number of selected countries around the world: Australia, Chile, Germany, Italy, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, and USA. It provides an international context for annuity markets.Less
This chapter examines the structure and prevalence of annuity markets in a number of selected countries around the world: Australia, Chile, Germany, Italy, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, and USA. It provides an international context for annuity markets.
Moshe A. Milevsky and Vladyslav Kyrychenko
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199549108
- eISBN:
- 9780191720734
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549108.003.0012
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Pensions and Pension Management
The latest generation of variable annuity contracts contains equity options plus longevity insurance, sometimes thought to be attractive to purchasers willing to take on financial risk. This chapter ...
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The latest generation of variable annuity contracts contains equity options plus longevity insurance, sometimes thought to be attractive to purchasers willing to take on financial risk. This chapter examines whether this is indeed the case. Using a unique database, it documents that policyholders do in fact adopt higher equity exposures when these riders are selected. It also examines the theoretical merits of the marketing advice, by deriving the optimal asset allocation in the presence of these guarantees. The chapter concludes that more aggressive equity allocations can indeed be justified in many, although not all, product structures.Less
The latest generation of variable annuity contracts contains equity options plus longevity insurance, sometimes thought to be attractive to purchasers willing to take on financial risk. This chapter examines whether this is indeed the case. Using a unique database, it documents that policyholders do in fact adopt higher equity exposures when these riders are selected. It also examines the theoretical merits of the marketing advice, by deriving the optimal asset allocation in the presence of these guarantees. The chapter concludes that more aggressive equity allocations can indeed be justified in many, although not all, product structures.
Peter Albrecht, Joachim Coche, Raimond Maurer, and Ralph Rogalla
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199204656
- eISBN:
- 9780191603822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199204659.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter analyzes pension plan costs and investment strategies in the context of alternative hybrid pension plans, which are optimal either from the perspective of the plan sponsor or the ...
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This chapter analyzes pension plan costs and investment strategies in the context of alternative hybrid pension plans, which are optimal either from the perspective of the plan sponsor or the beneficiaries. It evaluates the impact of minimum and maximum limits for pension benefits as well as minimum guarantees and caps on members’ investment returns. For low/medium risk portfolios, minimum benefit guarantees tend to be more expensive than minimum return guarantees, but for the latter, costs increase exponentially with investment risk. It is also shown that the sponsor’s portfolio choice differs from that of the participants, depending on plan design and risk aversion. One way to resolve these differences is to combine minimum return guarantees and caps on investment returns, which shares investment risks and returns more equally between sponsor and beneficiaries, and keeps pension plan costs under control.Less
This chapter analyzes pension plan costs and investment strategies in the context of alternative hybrid pension plans, which are optimal either from the perspective of the plan sponsor or the beneficiaries. It evaluates the impact of minimum and maximum limits for pension benefits as well as minimum guarantees and caps on members’ investment returns. For low/medium risk portfolios, minimum benefit guarantees tend to be more expensive than minimum return guarantees, but for the latter, costs increase exponentially with investment risk. It is also shown that the sponsor’s portfolio choice differs from that of the participants, depending on plan design and risk aversion. One way to resolve these differences is to combine minimum return guarantees and caps on investment returns, which shares investment risks and returns more equally between sponsor and beneficiaries, and keeps pension plan costs under control.
Maximilian de Gaynesford
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199287826
- eISBN:
- 9780191603570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199287821.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
The historical development towards the current standard account of I as a ‘pure indexical’ (‘purism’) has two main features. First, the gradual acquisition of a logical apparatus which can ...
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The historical development towards the current standard account of I as a ‘pure indexical’ (‘purism’) has two main features. First, the gradual acquisition of a logical apparatus which can distinguish genuine from non-singular referring expressions, and categorize the latter into names, descriptive terms, indexicals, and so on. Second, the development and acceptance of three supposed doctrines: that a simple rule is sufficient to give the meaning of I (‘rule theory’); that one can use I to express thoughts without having to identify what is being referred to (‘independence’); and that as a matter of the meaning of I, any use of the term is logically guaranteed against failure to refer (‘the guarantee’).Less
The historical development towards the current standard account of I as a ‘pure indexical’ (‘purism’) has two main features. First, the gradual acquisition of a logical apparatus which can distinguish genuine from non-singular referring expressions, and categorize the latter into names, descriptive terms, indexicals, and so on. Second, the development and acceptance of three supposed doctrines: that a simple rule is sufficient to give the meaning of I (‘rule theory’); that one can use I to express thoughts without having to identify what is being referred to (‘independence’); and that as a matter of the meaning of I, any use of the term is logically guaranteed against failure to refer (‘the guarantee’).
Maximilian de Gaynesford
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199287826
- eISBN:
- 9780191603570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199287821.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
‘Purism’, the claim that I is a pure indexical, is a contradictory position which requires the truth of three doctrines that have been shown to be myths: ‘rule theory’, ‘independence’, and ‘the ...
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‘Purism’, the claim that I is a pure indexical, is a contradictory position which requires the truth of three doctrines that have been shown to be myths: ‘rule theory’, ‘independence’, and ‘the guarantee’. A rash craving for simplicity explains its almost-universal support. ‘Purism’ is false for reasons that create a presumption in favour of a sharply diverging conception: that I is a deictic term. Thus, it is now necessary to establish what a ‘deictic term’ is, and whether I counts as one.Less
‘Purism’, the claim that I is a pure indexical, is a contradictory position which requires the truth of three doctrines that have been shown to be myths: ‘rule theory’, ‘independence’, and ‘the guarantee’. A rash craving for simplicity explains its almost-universal support. ‘Purism’ is false for reasons that create a presumption in favour of a sharply diverging conception: that I is a deictic term. Thus, it is now necessary to establish what a ‘deictic term’ is, and whether I counts as one.
Rolf Niedermeier
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198566076
- eISBN:
- 9780191713910
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566076.003.0005
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Combinatorics / Graph Theory / Discrete Mathematics
This chapter sheds light on the various aspects of how problems can be studied from a parameterized point of view. Doing so, it emphasizes the importance of small parameters, guaranteed parameter ...
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This chapter sheds light on the various aspects of how problems can be studied from a parameterized point of view. Doing so, it emphasizes the importance of small parameters, guaranteed parameter values, the existence of more than one parameter for one and the same problem, and structural parameterizations.Less
This chapter sheds light on the various aspects of how problems can be studied from a parameterized point of view. Doing so, it emphasizes the importance of small parameters, guaranteed parameter values, the existence of more than one parameter for one and the same problem, and structural parameterizations.
Lucy O'Brien
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261482
- eISBN:
- 9780191718632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261482.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter presents an extended discussion of Anscombe on the problem of first-person reference. It introduces and criticizes the internal perceptual model for first-person reference. It also ...
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This chapter presents an extended discussion of Anscombe on the problem of first-person reference. It introduces and criticizes the internal perceptual model for first-person reference. It also introduces and undercuts the motivation behind Anscombe's sceptical and unacceptable view that ‘I’ does not refer.Less
This chapter presents an extended discussion of Anscombe on the problem of first-person reference. It introduces and criticizes the internal perceptual model for first-person reference. It also introduces and undercuts the motivation behind Anscombe's sceptical and unacceptable view that ‘I’ does not refer.
Louis T. Wells
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195310627
- eISBN:
- 9780199783847
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310627.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
In September 1994, a ceremony marked the official start of the construction of Paiton I. Attending were the US ambassador and representatives of some institutions that might put up money, along with ...
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In September 1994, a ceremony marked the official start of the construction of Paiton I. Attending were the US ambassador and representatives of some institutions that might put up money, along with the secretary general of the Ministry of Finance. One might have expected higher level Indonesian officials for such a large project, but this was really only a ceremony. No contract for construction had been executed and the all-important financing was still missing. The US government were to become much more deeply involved before the project could proceed. This chapter will show that the involvement was so deep that one must question the meaning of “turning to the private sector” for infrastructure.Less
In September 1994, a ceremony marked the official start of the construction of Paiton I. Attending were the US ambassador and representatives of some institutions that might put up money, along with the secretary general of the Ministry of Finance. One might have expected higher level Indonesian officials for such a large project, but this was really only a ceremony. No contract for construction had been executed and the all-important financing was still missing. The US government were to become much more deeply involved before the project could proceed. This chapter will show that the involvement was so deep that one must question the meaning of “turning to the private sector” for infrastructure.
Louis T. Wells
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195310627
- eISBN:
- 9780199783847
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310627.003.0016
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
The story of Enron's attempt to build in East Java is another power project that was the subject of an insurance claim. The importance of the story lies primarily in why the Multilateral Investment ...
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The story of Enron's attempt to build in East Java is another power project that was the subject of an insurance claim. The importance of the story lies primarily in why the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), the insurance agency of the World Bank Group, issued a policy for the project in the first place and in the cordial relation that MIGA retained with Indonesians when the conflict occurred.Less
The story of Enron's attempt to build in East Java is another power project that was the subject of an insurance claim. The importance of the story lies primarily in why the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), the insurance agency of the World Bank Group, issued a policy for the project in the first place and in the cordial relation that MIGA retained with Indonesians when the conflict occurred.
Olivia S. Mitchell and Kent Smetters
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199266913
- eISBN:
- 9780191601323
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199266913.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter examines pension guarantees in the context of an individual account (IA) component of a social security reform. The inclusion of IAs in social security reform can strengthen old-age ...
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This chapter examines pension guarantees in the context of an individual account (IA) component of a social security reform. The inclusion of IAs in social security reform can strengthen old-age economic security. These accounts reduce the political risk confronting aging Americans when they assess the chances of actually receiving promised benefits, and provide participants with the opportunity to save in a cost-effective manner and diversify their investments.Less
This chapter examines pension guarantees in the context of an individual account (IA) component of a social security reform. The inclusion of IAs in social security reform can strengthen old-age economic security. These accounts reduce the political risk confronting aging Americans when they assess the chances of actually receiving promised benefits, and provide participants with the opportunity to save in a cost-effective manner and diversify their investments.
Young‐Iob Chung
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195325454
- eISBN:
- 9780199783908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325454.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines foreign savings/resources in the form of foreign aids, loans, portfolio investment, other miscellaneous venues, as well as Japanese reparations and loan repayment guarantee ...
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This chapter examines foreign savings/resources in the form of foreign aids, loans, portfolio investment, other miscellaneous venues, as well as Japanese reparations and loan repayment guarantee programs. This is followed by the evaluation of the beneficiaries of government policies and the efficacy of foreign aid as an instrument of investment. Since the South Korean government intervened directly in markets to work out an effective system of incentives and create a favorable environment for maximum business response, the role of the government is examined in detail. The impacts of various venues on investment are assessed.Less
This chapter examines foreign savings/resources in the form of foreign aids, loans, portfolio investment, other miscellaneous venues, as well as Japanese reparations and loan repayment guarantee programs. This is followed by the evaluation of the beneficiaries of government policies and the efficacy of foreign aid as an instrument of investment. Since the South Korean government intervened directly in markets to work out an effective system of incentives and create a favorable environment for maximum business response, the role of the government is examined in detail. The impacts of various venues on investment are assessed.
Adrian Haddock
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199586264
- eISBN:
- 9780191723360
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586264.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology, General
This chapter sketches an account of visual knowledge according to which the justification involved in knowledge not merely guarantees the truth of the belief which knowledge involves, but guarantees ...
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This chapter sketches an account of visual knowledge according to which the justification involved in knowledge not merely guarantees the truth of the belief which knowledge involves, but guarantees that this belief is knowledgeable. It is argued that unlike the dominant alternatives, this account stays in tune with our pre-theoretical conception of knowledge and enables us to make sense of its value. Two potential problems for the account are presented: first, that it is vulnerable to the Argument from Illusion; secondly, that it generates a devastating regress. The first problem is despatched, but the second — more serious — problem is postponed until the next chapter.Less
This chapter sketches an account of visual knowledge according to which the justification involved in knowledge not merely guarantees the truth of the belief which knowledge involves, but guarantees that this belief is knowledgeable. It is argued that unlike the dominant alternatives, this account stays in tune with our pre-theoretical conception of knowledge and enables us to make sense of its value. Two potential problems for the account are presented: first, that it is vulnerable to the Argument from Illusion; secondly, that it generates a devastating regress. The first problem is despatched, but the second — more serious — problem is postponed until the next chapter.
Robin R. Churchill and Daniel Owen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199275847
- eISBN:
- 9780191706080
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275847.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter addresses public expenditure in the fisheries sector. It deals first with two EC financial instruments: the European Fisheries Fund (EFF) and Regulation 861/2006. The latter is ...
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This chapter addresses public expenditure in the fisheries sector. It deals first with two EC financial instruments: the European Fisheries Fund (EFF) and Regulation 861/2006. The latter is complementary in purpose to the EFF and is sometimes referred to as ‘the second fisheries instrument’, i.e., second to the EFF. The EFF and Regulation 861/2006 are not the only sources of EC funding for the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). A further important source is the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF). The EAGF funds the market intervention system (i.e., permanent withdrawal, ‘carry-over’, ‘private storage’, and the ‘compensatory allowance’ for tuna producers) as well as providing some other funding to producer organizations. Some other Community financial instruments provide support in connection with fisheries, albeit not under the CFP. After dealing with the EFF and Regulation 861/2006, the chapter moves on to consider State aid, i.e., aid granted by Member States to the fishing industry other than in conjunction with funds from any EC financial instrument.Less
This chapter addresses public expenditure in the fisheries sector. It deals first with two EC financial instruments: the European Fisheries Fund (EFF) and Regulation 861/2006. The latter is complementary in purpose to the EFF and is sometimes referred to as ‘the second fisheries instrument’, i.e., second to the EFF. The EFF and Regulation 861/2006 are not the only sources of EC funding for the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). A further important source is the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF). The EAGF funds the market intervention system (i.e., permanent withdrawal, ‘carry-over’, ‘private storage’, and the ‘compensatory allowance’ for tuna producers) as well as providing some other funding to producer organizations. Some other Community financial instruments provide support in connection with fisheries, albeit not under the CFP. After dealing with the EFF and Regulation 861/2006, the chapter moves on to consider State aid, i.e., aid granted by Member States to the fishing industry other than in conjunction with funds from any EC financial instrument.
Daniel R. Hammond
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474420112
- eISBN:
- 9781474460149
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474420112.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
Every day in the People's Republic of China tens of millions of people receive help from the state through the minimum livelihood guarantee (dibao). What began as a reform in the city of Shanghai in ...
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Every day in the People's Republic of China tens of millions of people receive help from the state through the minimum livelihood guarantee (dibao). What began as a reform in the city of Shanghai in the early 1990s is now a key component in the measures used by the Communist Party of China to maintain social stability and legitimacy. While scholars regularly discuss how effective dibao has been in alleviating poverty very little addresses what influenced its development. This book argues that in order to understand dibao we need to look at how the programme emerged and how it has developed in the years since. Drawing on newspaper articles, government reports and interviews with key officials and researchers, the book also addresses debate on the policy process in China as a whole.Less
Every day in the People's Republic of China tens of millions of people receive help from the state through the minimum livelihood guarantee (dibao). What began as a reform in the city of Shanghai in the early 1990s is now a key component in the measures used by the Communist Party of China to maintain social stability and legitimacy. While scholars regularly discuss how effective dibao has been in alleviating poverty very little addresses what influenced its development. This book argues that in order to understand dibao we need to look at how the programme emerged and how it has developed in the years since. Drawing on newspaper articles, government reports and interviews with key officials and researchers, the book also addresses debate on the policy process in China as a whole.
Inge Kaul and Pedro Conceiçāo
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195179972
- eISBN:
- 9780199850709
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179972.003.0026
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter examines how public investment guarantees can facilitate infrastructure investment in developing countries, focusing on guarantee by multilateral and bilateral agencies to debt investors ...
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This chapter examines how public investment guarantees can facilitate infrastructure investment in developing countries, focusing on guarantee by multilateral and bilateral agencies to debt investors in infrastructure projects. It describes the main risks that investors in infrastructure services in developing countries typically face and the main types of public guarantee instruments currently being offered. The findings reveal that while the existing guarantee products from multilateral development banks and bilateral export credit agencies can lower the costs of capital and lengthen maturities, currency-related risks remain inadequately covered. To address this problem, this chapter proposes complementary guarantee instruments including contingent liquidity facilities, countercyclical guarantees and sovereign risk pools.Less
This chapter examines how public investment guarantees can facilitate infrastructure investment in developing countries, focusing on guarantee by multilateral and bilateral agencies to debt investors in infrastructure projects. It describes the main risks that investors in infrastructure services in developing countries typically face and the main types of public guarantee instruments currently being offered. The findings reveal that while the existing guarantee products from multilateral development banks and bilateral export credit agencies can lower the costs of capital and lengthen maturities, currency-related risks remain inadequately covered. To address this problem, this chapter proposes complementary guarantee instruments including contingent liquidity facilities, countercyclical guarantees and sovereign risk pools.
