Patrick R. Laughlin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147918
- eISBN:
- 9781400836673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147918.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter explores research on group memory, which is important in itself and is also frequently a necessary preliminary process for further group problem solving. Research on group recognition ...
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This chapter explores research on group memory, which is important in itself and is also frequently a necessary preliminary process for further group problem solving. Research on group recognition memory indicates that group memory is better than the memory of the average individual. Assigning different information to be learned by different group members is more effective than having all members learn all information. Meanwhile, research on shared versus unshared information indicates that groups are more likely to make correct decisions when they believe they are solving a problem rather than making a judgment. Lastly, research on the common knowledge effect demonstrates that the more group members who know an item of information before discussion, the greater the impact of that information on both group judgment and group choice. This indicates the importance of supportive group memory on tasks that have correct answers which are difficult to demonstrate.Less
This chapter explores research on group memory, which is important in itself and is also frequently a necessary preliminary process for further group problem solving. Research on group recognition memory indicates that group memory is better than the memory of the average individual. Assigning different information to be learned by different group members is more effective than having all members learn all information. Meanwhile, research on shared versus unshared information indicates that groups are more likely to make correct decisions when they believe they are solving a problem rather than making a judgment. Lastly, research on the common knowledge effect demonstrates that the more group members who know an item of information before discussion, the greater the impact of that information on both group judgment and group choice. This indicates the importance of supportive group memory on tasks that have correct answers which are difficult to demonstrate.
Patrick R. Laughlin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147918
- eISBN:
- 9781400836673
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147918.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Experimental research by social and cognitive psychologists has established that cooperative groups solve a wide range of problems better than individuals. Cooperative problem solving groups of ...
More
Experimental research by social and cognitive psychologists has established that cooperative groups solve a wide range of problems better than individuals. Cooperative problem solving groups of scientific researchers, auditors, financial analysts, air crash investigators, and forensic art experts are increasingly important in our complex and interdependent society. This comprehensive textbook presents important theories and experimental research about group problem solving. The book focuses on tasks that have demonstrably correct solutions within mathematical, logical, scientific, or verbal systems, including algebra problems, analogies, vocabulary, and logical reasoning problems. It explores basic concepts in group problem solving, social combination models, group memory, group ability and world knowledge tasks, rule induction problems, letters-to-numbers problems, evidence for positive group-to-individual transfer, and social choice theory. The conclusion proposes ten generalizations that are supported by the theory and research on group problem solving. The book is an essential resource for decision-making research in social and cognitive psychology, but also extremely relevant to multidisciplinary and multicultural problem-solving teams in organizational behavior, business administration, management, and behavioral economics.Less
Experimental research by social and cognitive psychologists has established that cooperative groups solve a wide range of problems better than individuals. Cooperative problem solving groups of scientific researchers, auditors, financial analysts, air crash investigators, and forensic art experts are increasingly important in our complex and interdependent society. This comprehensive textbook presents important theories and experimental research about group problem solving. The book focuses on tasks that have demonstrably correct solutions within mathematical, logical, scientific, or verbal systems, including algebra problems, analogies, vocabulary, and logical reasoning problems. It explores basic concepts in group problem solving, social combination models, group memory, group ability and world knowledge tasks, rule induction problems, letters-to-numbers problems, evidence for positive group-to-individual transfer, and social choice theory. The conclusion proposes ten generalizations that are supported by the theory and research on group problem solving. The book is an essential resource for decision-making research in social and cognitive psychology, but also extremely relevant to multidisciplinary and multicultural problem-solving teams in organizational behavior, business administration, management, and behavioral economics.
Darin Stephanov
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474441414
- eISBN:
- 9781474460255
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474441414.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Chapter 3 focuses on the reign of Mahmud II’s younger son, Abdülaziz (1861–76), who maintained a remarkable continuity with his father’s and elder brother’s policies of increased ruler visibility. ...
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Chapter 3 focuses on the reign of Mahmud II’s younger son, Abdülaziz (1861–76), who maintained a remarkable continuity with his father’s and elder brother’s policies of increased ruler visibility. This sultan standardised and expanded the annual all-imperial royal accession anniversary and birthday celebrations, which grew until 1908. The chapter then demonstrates the intricate interweaving of motifs of sultanic and Bulgar communal (self) celebration as well as the gradual intersection of the more established duties to the ruler with the newly arising duties to the group. This relationship, for a while mutually reinforcing, is illustrated via a cross-section of celebrations of May 11, a recently invented Bulgar communal holiday. The concept of group memory, the discourse of communal rights and their sanctification, not to mention the more visible and commanding presence of a reified ‘Bulgaria,’ were clear indications of a novel, macro-communal consciousness. Gradually, the stream of popular excitement for the ruler was diverted towards communal causes, at first slightly and subtly, then more substantially and assertively. The centrality of the ruler even in core ruler celebrations was at first dulled, then altogether displaced.Less
Chapter 3 focuses on the reign of Mahmud II’s younger son, Abdülaziz (1861–76), who maintained a remarkable continuity with his father’s and elder brother’s policies of increased ruler visibility. This sultan standardised and expanded the annual all-imperial royal accession anniversary and birthday celebrations, which grew until 1908. The chapter then demonstrates the intricate interweaving of motifs of sultanic and Bulgar communal (self) celebration as well as the gradual intersection of the more established duties to the ruler with the newly arising duties to the group. This relationship, for a while mutually reinforcing, is illustrated via a cross-section of celebrations of May 11, a recently invented Bulgar communal holiday. The concept of group memory, the discourse of communal rights and their sanctification, not to mention the more visible and commanding presence of a reified ‘Bulgaria,’ were clear indications of a novel, macro-communal consciousness. Gradually, the stream of popular excitement for the ruler was diverted towards communal causes, at first slightly and subtly, then more substantially and assertively. The centrality of the ruler even in core ruler celebrations was at first dulled, then altogether displaced.
