David Schlosberg
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199256419
- eISBN:
- 9780191600203
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199256411.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
The central claim of this work is that the diverse and fast-growing environmental justice movement in the United States embodies the newly emerging concepts and practices of critical pluralism, so ...
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The central claim of this work is that the diverse and fast-growing environmental justice movement in the United States embodies the newly emerging concepts and practices of critical pluralism, so this chapter turns to the environmental movement for examples of this in practice. Specifically, it looks at the new network structures and processes that have been adopted by grassroots environmental movements, which make connections, and create solidarity out of an understanding and respect for both differences and similarities, and work from a variety of places with a wide array of tactics. The chapter begins by exploring the value of difference (plurality) in the movement, and continues by examining the bases of the environmental justice movement in a number of pre-existing social and political networks, looking at how these networks link issues and establish alliances among diverse groups, how they form in order to deal with environmental issues of varying dimensions, and how they are structured organizationally. The author also examines some of the reasons why this form of organizing is a tactical strength, as it confronts (mirrors and maps) itself onto changing practices in capital movement and political oversight. Finally, in an initial attempt to evaluate the network form, some of the difficulties in, and criticisms of, networking as a social-movement strategy are explored.Less
The central claim of this work is that the diverse and fast-growing environmental justice movement in the United States embodies the newly emerging concepts and practices of critical pluralism, so this chapter turns to the environmental movement for examples of this in practice. Specifically, it looks at the new network structures and processes that have been adopted by grassroots environmental movements, which make connections, and create solidarity out of an understanding and respect for both differences and similarities, and work from a variety of places with a wide array of tactics. The chapter begins by exploring the value of difference (plurality) in the movement, and continues by examining the bases of the environmental justice movement in a number of pre-existing social and political networks, looking at how these networks link issues and establish alliances among diverse groups, how they form in order to deal with environmental issues of varying dimensions, and how they are structured organizationally. The author also examines some of the reasons why this form of organizing is a tactical strength, as it confronts (mirrors and maps) itself onto changing practices in capital movement and political oversight. Finally, in an initial attempt to evaluate the network form, some of the difficulties in, and criticisms of, networking as a social-movement strategy are explored.
Adelyn Lim
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9789888139378
- eISBN:
- 9789888313174
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888139378.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This chapter deliberates on the feminization of poverty to illustrate diverging feminist agendas and organizing processes as the first local Chinese women's groups reinforce an enduring ...
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This chapter deliberates on the feminization of poverty to illustrate diverging feminist agendas and organizing processes as the first local Chinese women's groups reinforce an enduring organizational base for women's activism in Hong Kong. Women activists confront a difficult dilemma of balance – as popular education, political mobilization, and poor and working-class women's empowerment are being replaced by gender policy assessment, project execution, and social services delivery – and often have to compromise between their feminist ideals and the realities and demands of their socio-political environment. Feminism as a collective action frame is incorporated into organizations, networks, and other sorts of strategic mobilizing initiatives. Frames do not do anything by themselves; they allow different political and social groupings to engage in debate and negotiation. In this way, women activists can embrace diverse feminist organizational forms, rhetoric, and strategies and, at the same time, develop shared understandings and aspirations of changing prevailing gender structures and advancing women's empowerment.Less
This chapter deliberates on the feminization of poverty to illustrate diverging feminist agendas and organizing processes as the first local Chinese women's groups reinforce an enduring organizational base for women's activism in Hong Kong. Women activists confront a difficult dilemma of balance – as popular education, political mobilization, and poor and working-class women's empowerment are being replaced by gender policy assessment, project execution, and social services delivery – and often have to compromise between their feminist ideals and the realities and demands of their socio-political environment. Feminism as a collective action frame is incorporated into organizations, networks, and other sorts of strategic mobilizing initiatives. Frames do not do anything by themselves; they allow different political and social groupings to engage in debate and negotiation. In this way, women activists can embrace diverse feminist organizational forms, rhetoric, and strategies and, at the same time, develop shared understandings and aspirations of changing prevailing gender structures and advancing women's empowerment.
Guerda Nicolas, Bridget Hirsch, and Clelia Beltrame
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195398090
- eISBN:
- 9780199776900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398090.003.0015
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology, Clinical Psychology
This chapter describes various social factors in the lives of Haitian women that intersect with the experience of depression. It presents an overview of socio-political influences on the health and ...
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This chapter describes various social factors in the lives of Haitian women that intersect with the experience of depression. It presents an overview of socio-political influences on the health and well-being of Haitian women, as well as an examination of various health-related beliefs and practices that shape the ways in which their physical and emotional problems are understood. The chapter traces the history of Haitian culture with a particular emphasis on the roles of women in social and political movements. Gender emerges as a complex and evolving variable in the lives of Haitians, especially within the context of women's participation in grassroots organizations and the movement toward democratization. Besides tracing the history and impact of social movements in Haiti, the chapter also uses the Multicultural Competency Model to demonstrate the association between culture and depression for Haitian women.Less
This chapter describes various social factors in the lives of Haitian women that intersect with the experience of depression. It presents an overview of socio-political influences on the health and well-being of Haitian women, as well as an examination of various health-related beliefs and practices that shape the ways in which their physical and emotional problems are understood. The chapter traces the history of Haitian culture with a particular emphasis on the roles of women in social and political movements. Gender emerges as a complex and evolving variable in the lives of Haitians, especially within the context of women's participation in grassroots organizations and the movement toward democratization. Besides tracing the history and impact of social movements in Haiti, the chapter also uses the Multicultural Competency Model to demonstrate the association between culture and depression for Haitian women.
Luis Moreno-Caballud
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381939
- eISBN:
- 9781781382295
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381939.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This book examines the tensions between cultural authority and the so-called ‘cultures of anyone’ that have reemerged time and again during Spain's economic crisis of 2008. It considers how these ...
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This book examines the tensions between cultural authority and the so-called ‘cultures of anyone’ that have reemerged time and again during Spain's economic crisis of 2008. It considers how these cultures of anyone, which arose mostly around grassroots social movements and in collaborative spaces fostered by digital technology, promote processes of empowerment and collaborative learning and create ‘collective intelligence’. The book first discusses the emergence of a new layer of powerful disciplines and institutions that has been deposited over Spain's long tradition of cultural authoritarianism. It then explores some of the disagreements and alternatives that confronted the model of cultural authority during the neoliberal crisis. Drawing on feminist theories of social reproduction, it analyzes aspects of ‘cultural autonomy’ relative to knowledge monopolies and the competitive mechanisms of neoliberalism. Finally, it describes the difficulties in creating stable cultural institutions that can function democratically.Less
This book examines the tensions between cultural authority and the so-called ‘cultures of anyone’ that have reemerged time and again during Spain's economic crisis of 2008. It considers how these cultures of anyone, which arose mostly around grassroots social movements and in collaborative spaces fostered by digital technology, promote processes of empowerment and collaborative learning and create ‘collective intelligence’. The book first discusses the emergence of a new layer of powerful disciplines and institutions that has been deposited over Spain's long tradition of cultural authoritarianism. It then explores some of the disagreements and alternatives that confronted the model of cultural authority during the neoliberal crisis. Drawing on feminist theories of social reproduction, it analyzes aspects of ‘cultural autonomy’ relative to knowledge monopolies and the competitive mechanisms of neoliberalism. Finally, it describes the difficulties in creating stable cultural institutions that can function democratically.
Irene Queiro-Tajalli
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195333619
- eISBN:
- 9780199918195
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195333619.003.0060
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter presents an overview of social work in Latin America. It covers the evolution of social work education and practice, and the scope of social work and labor realities for social workers. ...
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This chapter presents an overview of social work in Latin America. It covers the evolution of social work education and practice, and the scope of social work and labor realities for social workers. Latin America faces many of the same socioeconomic concerns of other countries of the Global South, including an aging population, an ever-growing population of young people, struggles with economic globalization and the fading hopes of global prosperity, the loss of jobs, the depletion of natural resources, issues of human rights, and of course poverty. Within this landscape, Latin American social workers try to create innovative approaches through grassroots movements to address the sociopolitical and economic realities of the marginalized, the impact of neoliberal policies on vulnerable sectors of society, and the social injustice that they create.Less
This chapter presents an overview of social work in Latin America. It covers the evolution of social work education and practice, and the scope of social work and labor realities for social workers. Latin America faces many of the same socioeconomic concerns of other countries of the Global South, including an aging population, an ever-growing population of young people, struggles with economic globalization and the fading hopes of global prosperity, the loss of jobs, the depletion of natural resources, issues of human rights, and of course poverty. Within this landscape, Latin American social workers try to create innovative approaches through grassroots movements to address the sociopolitical and economic realities of the marginalized, the impact of neoliberal policies on vulnerable sectors of society, and the social injustice that they create.
Sandra Pogodda and Oliver P. Richmond
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474402170
- eISBN:
- 9781474418720
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474402170.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter examines the emergence of everyday state-formation movements. With the peace process discredited through the abuse of the power imbalance between the conflict parties, pockets of local ...
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This chapter examines the emergence of everyday state-formation movements. With the peace process discredited through the abuse of the power imbalance between the conflict parties, pockets of local agency in Palestine have shifted their emancipatory struggle from peace towards creating the conditions for a viable and inclusionary state. The chapter then introduces and analyses the concept of everyday state formation as the capacity — and limitations — of non-violent grassroots movements to delineate the political space of an emerging state by pushing back external coercive power and the governmentality of pacification. Everyday state formation illustrates the internal tensions of contemporary statebuilding: without reconciliation across multiple scales — local to global — the complex interactions of structural, governmental, and subaltern power will tend to build societal fragility into emerging state structures.Less
This chapter examines the emergence of everyday state-formation movements. With the peace process discredited through the abuse of the power imbalance between the conflict parties, pockets of local agency in Palestine have shifted their emancipatory struggle from peace towards creating the conditions for a viable and inclusionary state. The chapter then introduces and analyses the concept of everyday state formation as the capacity — and limitations — of non-violent grassroots movements to delineate the political space of an emerging state by pushing back external coercive power and the governmentality of pacification. Everyday state formation illustrates the internal tensions of contemporary statebuilding: without reconciliation across multiple scales — local to global — the complex interactions of structural, governmental, and subaltern power will tend to build societal fragility into emerging state structures.
Stephen Hart
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226318172
- eISBN:
- 9780226318196
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226318196.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Why have conservatives fared so much better than progressives in recent decades, even though polls show no significant move to the right in public opinion? This book highlights one reason: that ...
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Why have conservatives fared so much better than progressives in recent decades, even though polls show no significant move to the right in public opinion? This book highlights one reason: that progressives often adopt impoverished modes of discourse, ceding the moral high ground to their conservative rivals. The book also shows that some progressive groups are pioneering more robust ways of talking about their issues and values, providing examples other progressives could emulate. Through case studies of grassroots movements—particularly the economic justice work carried on by congregation-based community organizing and the pursuit of human rights by local members of Amnesty International—the book shows how these groups develop distinctive ways of talking about politics and create characteristic stories, ceremonies, and practices. According to this book, the way people engage in politics matters just as much as the content of their ideas: when activists make the moral basis for their activism clear, engage issues with passion, and articulate a unified social vision, they challenge the recent ascendancy of conservative discourse. On the basis of these case studies, the book addresses currently debated topics such as individualism in America and whether strains of political thought strongly informed by religion and moral values are compatible with tolerance and liberty.Less
Why have conservatives fared so much better than progressives in recent decades, even though polls show no significant move to the right in public opinion? This book highlights one reason: that progressives often adopt impoverished modes of discourse, ceding the moral high ground to their conservative rivals. The book also shows that some progressive groups are pioneering more robust ways of talking about their issues and values, providing examples other progressives could emulate. Through case studies of grassroots movements—particularly the economic justice work carried on by congregation-based community organizing and the pursuit of human rights by local members of Amnesty International—the book shows how these groups develop distinctive ways of talking about politics and create characteristic stories, ceremonies, and practices. According to this book, the way people engage in politics matters just as much as the content of their ideas: when activists make the moral basis for their activism clear, engage issues with passion, and articulate a unified social vision, they challenge the recent ascendancy of conservative discourse. On the basis of these case studies, the book addresses currently debated topics such as individualism in America and whether strains of political thought strongly informed by religion and moral values are compatible with tolerance and liberty.
Maia Carter Hallward
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813036526
- eISBN:
- 9780813041797
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036526.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Beginning in 2004, after the mainstream peace movement collapsed due in part to the outbreak of the second intifada, the author of this book, Maia Hallward, spent most of a year observing the work of ...
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Beginning in 2004, after the mainstream peace movement collapsed due in part to the outbreak of the second intifada, the author of this book, Maia Hallward, spent most of a year observing the work of seven such groups on both sides of the conflict. She returned in 2008 to examine the progress they had made in working for a just and lasting peace. Although small, these grassroots organizations provide valuable lessons regarding how peacebuilding takes place in times of ongoing animosity and violence. Examining both the changing context for peace activism and the processes through which seven Israeli and Palestinian groups operated, this book explores the social, cultural, political, and geographic boundaries that affect people's daily lives and the possibility of building a just and lasting peace between Israelis and Palestinians. The book goes beyond outlining potential peace settlements to investigate not only varying conceptions of peace held by players in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, but also group processes that create the potential for a structural peace. Differentiating between “peace words” and “peace works,” the book analyzes observed group activities and patterns of behavior in addition to dozens of extended interviews. This text offers a critical look at the realities on the ground, one that focuses on what has been successful for groups engaged in working for peace in times of conflict, and how they have adapted to changing circumstances.Less
Beginning in 2004, after the mainstream peace movement collapsed due in part to the outbreak of the second intifada, the author of this book, Maia Hallward, spent most of a year observing the work of seven such groups on both sides of the conflict. She returned in 2008 to examine the progress they had made in working for a just and lasting peace. Although small, these grassroots organizations provide valuable lessons regarding how peacebuilding takes place in times of ongoing animosity and violence. Examining both the changing context for peace activism and the processes through which seven Israeli and Palestinian groups operated, this book explores the social, cultural, political, and geographic boundaries that affect people's daily lives and the possibility of building a just and lasting peace between Israelis and Palestinians. The book goes beyond outlining potential peace settlements to investigate not only varying conceptions of peace held by players in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, but also group processes that create the potential for a structural peace. Differentiating between “peace words” and “peace works,” the book analyzes observed group activities and patterns of behavior in addition to dozens of extended interviews. This text offers a critical look at the realities on the ground, one that focuses on what has been successful for groups engaged in working for peace in times of conflict, and how they have adapted to changing circumstances.
F. Stuart Ross
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846317439
- eISBN:
- 9781846317194
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846317194
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This book is a political history of the Irish republican struggle against criminalisation from 1976 to 1982. This struggle, which culminated in the historic hunger strikes of 1980 and 1981, is widely ...
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This book is a political history of the Irish republican struggle against criminalisation from 1976 to 1982. This struggle, which culminated in the historic hunger strikes of 1980 and 1981, is widely regarded as a turning point in Ireland's ‘Troubles’, marking the ‘last great wave of activism and mobilisation within the nationalist population’. Unlike previous accounts of this period, this book focuses on the popular movement outside the prisons, challenging republican orthodoxy and stressing the importance of broad-based, grassroots movements in effecting political and social change. Ultimately, it was what happened outside the prisons during these years of protest that reshaped and revitalized modern Irish republicanism.Less
This book is a political history of the Irish republican struggle against criminalisation from 1976 to 1982. This struggle, which culminated in the historic hunger strikes of 1980 and 1981, is widely regarded as a turning point in Ireland's ‘Troubles’, marking the ‘last great wave of activism and mobilisation within the nationalist population’. Unlike previous accounts of this period, this book focuses on the popular movement outside the prisons, challenging republican orthodoxy and stressing the importance of broad-based, grassroots movements in effecting political and social change. Ultimately, it was what happened outside the prisons during these years of protest that reshaped and revitalized modern Irish republicanism.
Peggy Frankland and Susan Tucker
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781617037726
- eISBN:
- 9781621039402
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781617037726.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Environmental History
This book provides a window onto the passion and significance of thirty-eight committed individuals who led a grassroots movement in a socially conservative state. It comprises oral history ...
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This book provides a window onto the passion and significance of thirty-eight committed individuals who led a grassroots movement in a socially conservative state. It comprises oral history narratives in which women activists share their motivation, struggles, accomplishments, and hard-won wisdom. Additionally, interviews with eight men, all leaders who worked with or against the women, provide more insight into this rich—and also gendered—history. The book sheds light on Louisiana and America’s social and political history, as well as on the national environmental movement in which women often emerged to speak for human rights, decent health care, and environmental protection. By illuminating a crucial period in Louisiana history, the women tell how “environmentalism” emerged within a state already struggling with the dual challenges of adjusting to the civil rights movement and the growing oil boom. The author, an environmental activist herself since 1982, worked with a team of interviewers, especially those trained at Louisiana State University’s T. Harry Williams Center for Oral History. Together they interviewed forty women pioneers of the state environmental movement. The author’s work also was aided by a grant from the Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities. In this compilation, she allows the women’s voices to provide a clear picture of how their smallest actions impacted their communities, their families, and their way of life. Some experiences were frightening, some were demeaning, and many women were deeply affected by the individual persecution, ridicule, and scorn their activities brought.Less
This book provides a window onto the passion and significance of thirty-eight committed individuals who led a grassroots movement in a socially conservative state. It comprises oral history narratives in which women activists share their motivation, struggles, accomplishments, and hard-won wisdom. Additionally, interviews with eight men, all leaders who worked with or against the women, provide more insight into this rich—and also gendered—history. The book sheds light on Louisiana and America’s social and political history, as well as on the national environmental movement in which women often emerged to speak for human rights, decent health care, and environmental protection. By illuminating a crucial period in Louisiana history, the women tell how “environmentalism” emerged within a state already struggling with the dual challenges of adjusting to the civil rights movement and the growing oil boom. The author, an environmental activist herself since 1982, worked with a team of interviewers, especially those trained at Louisiana State University’s T. Harry Williams Center for Oral History. Together they interviewed forty women pioneers of the state environmental movement. The author’s work also was aided by a grant from the Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities. In this compilation, she allows the women’s voices to provide a clear picture of how their smallest actions impacted their communities, their families, and their way of life. Some experiences were frightening, some were demeaning, and many women were deeply affected by the individual persecution, ridicule, and scorn their activities brought.
Sue [Lorenzi] Sojourner and Cheryl Reitan
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813140933
- eISBN:
- 9780813141374
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813140933.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
In order to educate the new membership and to boost the spirits of the people who had been in the struggle for years, Sue Lorenzi was invited to write a history of the grassroots movement. She read ...
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In order to educate the new membership and to boost the spirits of the people who had been in the struggle for years, Sue Lorenzi was invited to write a history of the grassroots movement. She read the essay, “The Some People of that Place,” at the elections kickoff meeting. The long-time Movement members and the professionals brought in by coalition-building were profoundly moved and appreciative. Not long after that Sue and Henry spent nearly two months in the North, the most time away from Mississippi since they arrived. Sue wrote of the experience of returning to Mississippi and feeling the painful impact of racism again. What life was like in the Lorenzis’ Balance Due house is described.Less
In order to educate the new membership and to boost the spirits of the people who had been in the struggle for years, Sue Lorenzi was invited to write a history of the grassroots movement. She read the essay, “The Some People of that Place,” at the elections kickoff meeting. The long-time Movement members and the professionals brought in by coalition-building were profoundly moved and appreciative. Not long after that Sue and Henry spent nearly two months in the North, the most time away from Mississippi since they arrived. Sue wrote of the experience of returning to Mississippi and feeling the painful impact of racism again. What life was like in the Lorenzis’ Balance Due house is described.
R Parker, J Garcia, M Muñoz-Laboy, L Murray, and F Seffner
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- December 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190675486
- eISBN:
- 9780190675509
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190675486.003.0011
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Epidemiology
This chapter documents the ways in which the Brazilian focus on community mobilization and empowerment has succeeded in implementing timely and effective HIV prevention programs in key affected ...
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This chapter documents the ways in which the Brazilian focus on community mobilization and empowerment has succeeded in implementing timely and effective HIV prevention programs in key affected communities such as sex workers and gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Further, the chapter analyzes the ways in which this strategy made it possible to address many of the structural drivers of HIV in these communities. Of great importance, however, it also highlights the extent to which addressing these structural forces depended on a favorable political context capable of supporting and nurturing such approaches. The subsequent “shift” of focus in terms of HIV prevention in Brazil is then examined to show how the broader political ecology of the country unfavorably changed what had been an effective initial response to ending AIDS in Brazil.Less
This chapter documents the ways in which the Brazilian focus on community mobilization and empowerment has succeeded in implementing timely and effective HIV prevention programs in key affected communities such as sex workers and gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Further, the chapter analyzes the ways in which this strategy made it possible to address many of the structural drivers of HIV in these communities. Of great importance, however, it also highlights the extent to which addressing these structural forces depended on a favorable political context capable of supporting and nurturing such approaches. The subsequent “shift” of focus in terms of HIV prevention in Brazil is then examined to show how the broader political ecology of the country unfavorably changed what had been an effective initial response to ending AIDS in Brazil.
Isaiah Helekunihi Walker
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824834623
- eISBN:
- 9780824871703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824834623.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
Several Hawaiian historians have marked the 1970s as the beginning of a Hawaiian renaissance. However, many of the Hawaiian strategies of protests in the 1970s were born out of a 1960s environmental ...
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Several Hawaiian historians have marked the 1970s as the beginning of a Hawaiian renaissance. However, many of the Hawaiian strategies of protests in the 1970s were born out of a 1960s environmental group called Save Our Surf (SOS). Organized by a Marxist-trained local-haole surfer named John Kelly and run by young local surfers, SOS was a grassroots movement that halted most coastal development and dredging projects proposed in Hawaii between 1960 and 1990. This chapter first expounds on the influence of SOS on the formation of a Hawaiian renaissance. It then analyzes two other prominent groups formed in the mid-1970s: the Polynesian Voyaging Society, which built a Hawaiian double-hulled voyaging canoe called Hōkūle'a; and the Protect Kaho'olawe 'Ohana, which protested the U.S. military bombings on the island of Kaho'olawe. The chapter not only examines how Hawaiian surfers contributed to, and were shaped by, the Hawaiian renaissance, but also analyzes connections between ka po'ina nalu (the surf zone) and Hawaiian resistance in the 1960s and 1970s.Less
Several Hawaiian historians have marked the 1970s as the beginning of a Hawaiian renaissance. However, many of the Hawaiian strategies of protests in the 1970s were born out of a 1960s environmental group called Save Our Surf (SOS). Organized by a Marxist-trained local-haole surfer named John Kelly and run by young local surfers, SOS was a grassroots movement that halted most coastal development and dredging projects proposed in Hawaii between 1960 and 1990. This chapter first expounds on the influence of SOS on the formation of a Hawaiian renaissance. It then analyzes two other prominent groups formed in the mid-1970s: the Polynesian Voyaging Society, which built a Hawaiian double-hulled voyaging canoe called Hōkūle'a; and the Protect Kaho'olawe 'Ohana, which protested the U.S. military bombings on the island of Kaho'olawe. The chapter not only examines how Hawaiian surfers contributed to, and were shaped by, the Hawaiian renaissance, but also analyzes connections between ka po'ina nalu (the surf zone) and Hawaiian resistance in the 1960s and 1970s.
Mariia Zhdanova and Dariya Orlova
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190931407
- eISBN:
- 9780190934095
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190931407.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, International Relations and Politics
This chapter examines the state of computational propaganda in Ukraine, focusing on two major dimensions: Ukraine’s response to the challenges of external information attacks, and the use of ...
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This chapter examines the state of computational propaganda in Ukraine, focusing on two major dimensions: Ukraine’s response to the challenges of external information attacks, and the use of computational propaganda in internal political communication. Based on interviews with Ukrainian media experts, academics, industry insiders, and bot developers, the chapter explores the scale of the issue and identifies the most common tactics, instruments, and approaches for the deployment of political bots online. The cases described illustrate the misconceptions about fake accounts, paid online commentators, and automated scripts, as well as the threats of malicious online activities. First, we explain how bots operate in the internal political and media environment of the country and provide examples of typical campaigns. Second, we analyze the case of the MH17 tragedy as an illustrative example of Russia’s purposeful disinformation campaign against Ukraine, which has a distinctive social media component. Finally, responses to computational propaganda are scrutinized, including alleged governmental attacks on Ukrainian journalists, which reveal that civil society and grassroots movements have great potential to stand up to the perils of computational propaganda.Less
This chapter examines the state of computational propaganda in Ukraine, focusing on two major dimensions: Ukraine’s response to the challenges of external information attacks, and the use of computational propaganda in internal political communication. Based on interviews with Ukrainian media experts, academics, industry insiders, and bot developers, the chapter explores the scale of the issue and identifies the most common tactics, instruments, and approaches for the deployment of political bots online. The cases described illustrate the misconceptions about fake accounts, paid online commentators, and automated scripts, as well as the threats of malicious online activities. First, we explain how bots operate in the internal political and media environment of the country and provide examples of typical campaigns. Second, we analyze the case of the MH17 tragedy as an illustrative example of Russia’s purposeful disinformation campaign against Ukraine, which has a distinctive social media component. Finally, responses to computational propaganda are scrutinized, including alleged governmental attacks on Ukrainian journalists, which reveal that civil society and grassroots movements have great potential to stand up to the perils of computational propaganda.
Elizabeth Dubois and Fenwick McKelvey
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190931407
- eISBN:
- 9780190934095
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190931407.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, International Relations and Politics
Are bots active in Canada? Yes. Are they influential? Maybe. Using a combination of quantitative social media analysis, content analysis of news articles, and qualitative interviews, we study the use ...
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Are bots active in Canada? Yes. Are they influential? Maybe. Using a combination of quantitative social media analysis, content analysis of news articles, and qualitative interviews, we study the use of political bots in Canada. We identify four kinds of bots. Amplifiers game digital systems to promote a message or channel. Dampeners suppress and remove information online. Alongside these problematic bots, we also find a number of benign bots that help journalists, civil society, and governments. These bots include transparency bots that disclose information to the public and servant bots that help maintain services and infrastructures. Even though bots might not yet be influential in Canada, improved media literacy and increased public discussion of the pitfalls of social media are required.Less
Are bots active in Canada? Yes. Are they influential? Maybe. Using a combination of quantitative social media analysis, content analysis of news articles, and qualitative interviews, we study the use of political bots in Canada. We identify four kinds of bots. Amplifiers game digital systems to promote a message or channel. Dampeners suppress and remove information online. Alongside these problematic bots, we also find a number of benign bots that help journalists, civil society, and governments. These bots include transparency bots that disclose information to the public and servant bots that help maintain services and infrastructures. Even though bots might not yet be influential in Canada, improved media literacy and increased public discussion of the pitfalls of social media are required.
