Catherine M Donnelly
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199298242
- eISBN:
- 9780191711626
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298242.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
Human rights obligations and administrative law obligations are, in practice, rarely extended to private delegates. This chapter assesses the extent to which private law can provide an appropriate ...
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Human rights obligations and administrative law obligations are, in practice, rarely extended to private delegates. This chapter assesses the extent to which private law can provide an appropriate substitute for these obligations, focusing on contract and tort. Given that contract is one of the primary mechanisms through which private delegation is achieved, commentators, and particularly those writing from an economic perspective, have often embraced contract law as ‘a critical source of accountability’, while tort law requires consideration as it is an area of private law that is frequently modified to accommodate governmental concerns. It is argued here, however, that tort law and contract law do not provide sufficiently extensive mechanisms of holding private delegates accountable, particularly, for example, given the difficulties of recognising third party beneficiaries to contracts. Proposals for improving the drafting of government contracts are presented.Less
Human rights obligations and administrative law obligations are, in practice, rarely extended to private delegates. This chapter assesses the extent to which private law can provide an appropriate substitute for these obligations, focusing on contract and tort. Given that contract is one of the primary mechanisms through which private delegation is achieved, commentators, and particularly those writing from an economic perspective, have often embraced contract law as ‘a critical source of accountability’, while tort law requires consideration as it is an area of private law that is frequently modified to accommodate governmental concerns. It is argued here, however, that tort law and contract law do not provide sufficiently extensive mechanisms of holding private delegates accountable, particularly, for example, given the difficulties of recognising third party beneficiaries to contracts. Proposals for improving the drafting of government contracts are presented.
Robert J. Bennett
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199584734
- eISBN:
- 9780191731105
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584734.003.0013
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
Modern chambers rely to a major extent on government finance through contracts. Early relationships developed through municipal improvement and local partnerships. This expanded to cover various ...
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Modern chambers rely to a major extent on government finance through contracts. Early relationships developed through municipal improvement and local partnerships. This expanded to cover various consultations processes on local and national committees; then provision of apprenticeships. Since the 1990s there has also been chamber leadership of local economic initiatives. Links became so close that after 1996 some chambers merged with government financed Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs). After these were abolished, chambers have worked with regional agencies, and after the 2010 election with Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs). In Ireland there has been important partnering of chambers with EU initiatives. The modern chamber of the last 20-30 years is different from any stage in the past. This creates major challenges for the future.Less
Modern chambers rely to a major extent on government finance through contracts. Early relationships developed through municipal improvement and local partnerships. This expanded to cover various consultations processes on local and national committees; then provision of apprenticeships. Since the 1990s there has also been chamber leadership of local economic initiatives. Links became so close that after 1996 some chambers merged with government financed Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs). After these were abolished, chambers have worked with regional agencies, and after the 2010 election with Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs). In Ireland there has been important partnering of chambers with EU initiatives. The modern chamber of the last 20-30 years is different from any stage in the past. This creates major challenges for the future.
Catherine M. Donnelly
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199298242
- eISBN:
- 9780191711626
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298242.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
Through a comparative analysis of England, the European Union, and the United States, this book considers legal responses to delegation of governmental power to private parties. Although private ...
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Through a comparative analysis of England, the European Union, and the United States, this book considers legal responses to delegation of governmental power to private parties. Although private delegation can enhance the effectiveness of governance, it can also create risks to democracy, accountability, and human rights. Thus, any legal controls on delegation must provide a balance between these competing interests. The legal responses of the three jurisdictions to private delegation are categorised in a two-fold and functional way: responses which impose controls on the delegator of governmental power, and responses which impose controls on the private delegate of governmental power. The controls imposed by different legal disciplines such as constitutional law, administrative law, regulatory law, and private law are assessed. Three goals are pursued. First, the relationship between the different legal responses is illustrated. Second, within the discussion of each individual legal control, appropriate responses to private delegation are analysed. Third, it is demonstrated that at present, the response of all three jurisdictions to private delegation is inadequate, albeit to differing degrees. A much greater awareness of the risks of private delegation and a greater sense of responsibility on the part of the judiciary are required if these legal systems are to respond appropriately to the challenge of delegation of governmental power to private parties.Less
Through a comparative analysis of England, the European Union, and the United States, this book considers legal responses to delegation of governmental power to private parties. Although private delegation can enhance the effectiveness of governance, it can also create risks to democracy, accountability, and human rights. Thus, any legal controls on delegation must provide a balance between these competing interests. The legal responses of the three jurisdictions to private delegation are categorised in a two-fold and functional way: responses which impose controls on the delegator of governmental power, and responses which impose controls on the private delegate of governmental power. The controls imposed by different legal disciplines such as constitutional law, administrative law, regulatory law, and private law are assessed. Three goals are pursued. First, the relationship between the different legal responses is illustrated. Second, within the discussion of each individual legal control, appropriate responses to private delegation are analysed. Third, it is demonstrated that at present, the response of all three jurisdictions to private delegation is inadequate, albeit to differing degrees. A much greater awareness of the risks of private delegation and a greater sense of responsibility on the part of the judiciary are required if these legal systems are to respond appropriately to the challenge of delegation of governmental power to private parties.
Anne Davies
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198299486
- eISBN:
- 9780191685712
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198299486.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
Many government bodies relate to each other through contracts: government departments and agencies; government departments and the Treasury; National Health Service (NHS) purchasers and NHS Trusts. ...
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Many government bodies relate to each other through contracts: government departments and agencies; government departments and the Treasury; National Health Service (NHS) purchasers and NHS Trusts. These ‘internal contracts’ are not, in general, regulated or enforced by the law. This book explores the practical problems encountered by the parties to internal contracts, drawing on evidence from an empirical case study of NHS contracts. It uncovers difficulties in defining the parties' roles; in maintaining good working relationships; and in securing compliance with contractual terms. It then examines the possibility of solving these problems through law. Some commentators, particularly public lawyers, have condemned the law's failure to keep pace with the rise of ‘government by contract’, but few have made specific proposals for reform. The book develops an original public law analysis of internal contracts, interpreting them as mechanisms of accountability from service providers to purchasers. It proposes norms which would help the parties to use their contracts as fair and effective mechanisms of accountability. It also suggests reforms to the institutional framework for internal contracts.Less
Many government bodies relate to each other through contracts: government departments and agencies; government departments and the Treasury; National Health Service (NHS) purchasers and NHS Trusts. These ‘internal contracts’ are not, in general, regulated or enforced by the law. This book explores the practical problems encountered by the parties to internal contracts, drawing on evidence from an empirical case study of NHS contracts. It uncovers difficulties in defining the parties' roles; in maintaining good working relationships; and in securing compliance with contractual terms. It then examines the possibility of solving these problems through law. Some commentators, particularly public lawyers, have condemned the law's failure to keep pace with the rise of ‘government by contract’, but few have made specific proposals for reform. The book develops an original public law analysis of internal contracts, interpreting them as mechanisms of accountability from service providers to purchasers. It proposes norms which would help the parties to use their contracts as fair and effective mechanisms of accountability. It also suggests reforms to the institutional framework for internal contracts.
Hugh Collins
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199258017
- eISBN:
- 9780191717857
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199258017.003.0013
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter considers the regulation of contracts used by governments for the delivery of public services. Although these contracts provoke many of the distributive issues already considered, such ...
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This chapter considers the regulation of contracts used by governments for the delivery of public services. Although these contracts provoke many of the distributive issues already considered, such as relations of domination, unfairness, and poor quality, they also present particular difficulties for adequate self-regulation by parties. The chapter addresses the question of what kind of legal regulation can best assist governments in the use of markets to deliver services to the public.Less
This chapter considers the regulation of contracts used by governments for the delivery of public services. Although these contracts provoke many of the distributive issues already considered, such as relations of domination, unfairness, and poor quality, they also present particular difficulties for adequate self-regulation by parties. The chapter addresses the question of what kind of legal regulation can best assist governments in the use of markets to deliver services to the public.
A C L Davies
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199287390
- eISBN:
- 9780191713484
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199287390.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This concluding chapter summarises the book's main arguments. While there is no need for an entirely separate public law of government contracts, some public law regulation is desirable to deal with ...
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This concluding chapter summarises the book's main arguments. While there is no need for an entirely separate public law of government contracts, some public law regulation is desirable to deal with specifically governmental issues not addressed by the ordinary law of contract. The chapter considers the prospects for reform, and sets out an agenda for teaching and research within public law on the topic of government contracts.Less
This concluding chapter summarises the book's main arguments. While there is no need for an entirely separate public law of government contracts, some public law regulation is desirable to deal with specifically governmental issues not addressed by the ordinary law of contract. The chapter considers the prospects for reform, and sets out an agenda for teaching and research within public law on the topic of government contracts.
Roger W. Shuy
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195181661
- eISBN:
- 9780199788477
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181661.003.0008
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
Government contracts can be very complex, as illustrated by this 1997 case involving a Texas-based manufacturer of helicopters. It was made even more complicated by the fact that the company was a ...
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Government contracts can be very complex, as illustrated by this 1997 case involving a Texas-based manufacturer of helicopters. It was made even more complicated by the fact that the company was a subsidiary of a French corporation that could legitimately make sales to other countries without the Texas company’s involvement or knowledge. The contract in question was eligible for the US Foreign Military Financing Program (FMF), created to promote the interests of domestic American businesses by providing funds to eligible allies to support their costs. Smith, president of the US company, was the target of a federal investigation concerning his knowledge of possible misuse of FMF funding. Over a two-year period, one of Smith’s employees secretly tape-recorded conversations with Smith that the government believed showed his complicity in contract fraud. Linguistic analysis of the ambiguity of the words and expressions used in these conversations, among other things, showed that Smith was not guilty.Less
Government contracts can be very complex, as illustrated by this 1997 case involving a Texas-based manufacturer of helicopters. It was made even more complicated by the fact that the company was a subsidiary of a French corporation that could legitimately make sales to other countries without the Texas company’s involvement or knowledge. The contract in question was eligible for the US Foreign Military Financing Program (FMF), created to promote the interests of domestic American businesses by providing funds to eligible allies to support their costs. Smith, president of the US company, was the target of a federal investigation concerning his knowledge of possible misuse of FMF funding. Over a two-year period, one of Smith’s employees secretly tape-recorded conversations with Smith that the government believed showed his complicity in contract fraud. Linguistic analysis of the ambiguity of the words and expressions used in these conversations, among other things, showed that Smith was not guilty.
A. C. L. Davies
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198299486
- eISBN:
- 9780191685712
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198299486.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter introduces internal government contracts and cites some of the main examples of this phenomenon: in central government, framework agreements between government departments and their ...
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This chapter introduces internal government contracts and cites some of the main examples of this phenomenon: in central government, framework agreements between government departments and their agencies, and Public Service Agreements (PSAs) between the Treasury and government departments. It introduces the book's case study: contracts between purchasers and providers in the NHS. It discusses two themes of importance in this study. First, it examines the similarities and differences between different types of internal contract. This information aids in the determining of whether or not internal contracts are a coherent category for the purpose of study and reform. Secondly, it explores the legal status of each of the internal contracts described in the chapter. The chapter concludes that the most prominent aspect of the common internal features is the fact that they are highly unlikely to be enforceable by law.Less
This chapter introduces internal government contracts and cites some of the main examples of this phenomenon: in central government, framework agreements between government departments and their agencies, and Public Service Agreements (PSAs) between the Treasury and government departments. It introduces the book's case study: contracts between purchasers and providers in the NHS. It discusses two themes of importance in this study. First, it examines the similarities and differences between different types of internal contract. This information aids in the determining of whether or not internal contracts are a coherent category for the purpose of study and reform. Secondly, it explores the legal status of each of the internal contracts described in the chapter. The chapter concludes that the most prominent aspect of the common internal features is the fact that they are highly unlikely to be enforceable by law.
C. Michael Henry (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300095418
- eISBN:
- 9780300129847
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300095418.003.0036
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter introduces a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) model to demonstrate how positive policy interventions alleviate inner-city poverty and racial economic inequality. Data for inner-city New ...
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This chapter introduces a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) model to demonstrate how positive policy interventions alleviate inner-city poverty and racial economic inequality. Data for inner-city New Haven are applied to the SAM model to determine the economic impact of skill endowment of inner-city labor coupled with annual procurement of government contracts.Less
This chapter introduces a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) model to demonstrate how positive policy interventions alleviate inner-city poverty and racial economic inequality. Data for inner-city New Haven are applied to the SAM model to determine the economic impact of skill endowment of inner-city labor coupled with annual procurement of government contracts.
Robert J. Bennett
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199584734
- eISBN:
- 9780191731105
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584734.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter reviews the main academic and practitioner discussions of what gives chambers their USP. It explores how unity of voice is developed through deliberation. It shows that earlier academic ...
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This chapter reviews the main academic and practitioner discussions of what gives chambers their USP. It explores how unity of voice is developed through deliberation. It shows that earlier academic views of instability of early chambers are overstated. The forces underpinning collective action and free-rider behaviour are examined to demonstrate how chamber service bundles develop: as trust goods based on transaction costs and networking advantages. Institutional benefits and social capital assist chamber development. Additions to service bundles from government contracts are shown to have tensions of ‘non-preferred’ goods. Political non-alignment, and social networks are critical aspects of the historical and modern chamber brand. However, at critical points chambers have been ‘elite’ social movements that have participated in changing frames and policy repertoires; especially during times of extreme contention.Less
This chapter reviews the main academic and practitioner discussions of what gives chambers their USP. It explores how unity of voice is developed through deliberation. It shows that earlier academic views of instability of early chambers are overstated. The forces underpinning collective action and free-rider behaviour are examined to demonstrate how chamber service bundles develop: as trust goods based on transaction costs and networking advantages. Institutional benefits and social capital assist chamber development. Additions to service bundles from government contracts are shown to have tensions of ‘non-preferred’ goods. Political non-alignment, and social networks are critical aspects of the historical and modern chamber brand. However, at critical points chambers have been ‘elite’ social movements that have participated in changing frames and policy repertoires; especially during times of extreme contention.
Freda Harcourt
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719073939
- eISBN:
- 9781781700761
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719073939.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter presents an introduction to the book “Flagships of imperialism,” which focuses on the intersection of P&O's history with British imperial politics until 1867. The objective of the ...
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This chapter presents an introduction to the book “Flagships of imperialism,” which focuses on the intersection of P&O's history with British imperial politics until 1867. The objective of the company was to operate the main trunk routes to the East, from the Iberian Peninsula through the Mediterranean, to India, China and, ultimately, to the Antipodes with the help of government contracts and then to monopolize them. Despite the role played by the mail contracts in the expansion of the company, they once also threatened the very existence of the company itself. The monopolistic character of its business also exposed it to intense public and political scrutiny whereas the management of its managing directors (MDs) invited internal criticism from stockholders and some ordinary directors. Arthur Anderson, the most forceful of the company's original three managing directors was accused of autocracy, secrecy, mismanagement and pursuing commercially irrelevant political connections.Less
This chapter presents an introduction to the book “Flagships of imperialism,” which focuses on the intersection of P&O's history with British imperial politics until 1867. The objective of the company was to operate the main trunk routes to the East, from the Iberian Peninsula through the Mediterranean, to India, China and, ultimately, to the Antipodes with the help of government contracts and then to monopolize them. Despite the role played by the mail contracts in the expansion of the company, they once also threatened the very existence of the company itself. The monopolistic character of its business also exposed it to intense public and political scrutiny whereas the management of its managing directors (MDs) invited internal criticism from stockholders and some ordinary directors. Arthur Anderson, the most forceful of the company's original three managing directors was accused of autocracy, secrecy, mismanagement and pursuing commercially irrelevant political connections.
Peter Cane
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199264070
- eISBN:
- 9780191698903
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264070.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Legal Profession and Ethics
The first section of the chapter aims to identify differences between a ‘legal’ and a ‘regulatory’ approach to administrative law. The second section defines administrative law, and, in the process, ...
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The first section of the chapter aims to identify differences between a ‘legal’ and a ‘regulatory’ approach to administrative law. The second section defines administrative law, and, in the process, discusses Hugh Collins's analysis of the respective roles of public law and contract law in regulating government contracts. A major task in this section is to establish the importance of distinguishing between goals and tools of regulation. The third section discusses the goals of administrative law. The fourth section takes a closer look at administrative law viewed as a regulatory tool. This chapter also discusses empirical research about the regulatory impact of judicial review on bureaucratic behaviour.Less
The first section of the chapter aims to identify differences between a ‘legal’ and a ‘regulatory’ approach to administrative law. The second section defines administrative law, and, in the process, discusses Hugh Collins's analysis of the respective roles of public law and contract law in regulating government contracts. A major task in this section is to establish the importance of distinguishing between goals and tools of regulation. The third section discusses the goals of administrative law. The fourth section takes a closer look at administrative law viewed as a regulatory tool. This chapter also discusses empirical research about the regulatory impact of judicial review on bureaucratic behaviour.
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853236061
- eISBN:
- 9781846314261
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853236061.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
This chapter addresses the tensions inherent in the link between national government and traders. It also evaluates the drive behind this effort to establish Liverpool as a serious alternative to ...
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This chapter addresses the tensions inherent in the link between national government and traders. It also evaluates the drive behind this effort to establish Liverpool as a serious alternative to London as a provider of government contract services, concentrating specifically on wartime requisitions, passenger trades, and mail. In mid-century, the diversity of shipping utilised by Liverpool traders ensured that they could take advantage of opportunities across the range of vessel types and sizes required by government. Liverpool was directed as a centre for Atlantic emigration, which was growing as a business that needed full-time commitment and extensive networks of connections. Furthermore, while government contracts might have been easy money once ensured, developing them in the first place required the decision of leading shipowners to challenge impinged interests and break into hitherto restricted sources of income and prestige.Less
This chapter addresses the tensions inherent in the link between national government and traders. It also evaluates the drive behind this effort to establish Liverpool as a serious alternative to London as a provider of government contract services, concentrating specifically on wartime requisitions, passenger trades, and mail. In mid-century, the diversity of shipping utilised by Liverpool traders ensured that they could take advantage of opportunities across the range of vessel types and sizes required by government. Liverpool was directed as a centre for Atlantic emigration, which was growing as a business that needed full-time commitment and extensive networks of connections. Furthermore, while government contracts might have been easy money once ensured, developing them in the first place required the decision of leading shipowners to challenge impinged interests and break into hitherto restricted sources of income and prestige.
Janet Semple
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198273875
- eISBN:
- 9780191684074
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198273875.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter discusses the proposal and contract for the panopticon that was sent by Jeremy Bentham for approval to the English government. The draft contained in Bentham's Letters was altered in ...
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This chapter discusses the proposal and contract for the panopticon that was sent by Jeremy Bentham for approval to the English government. The draft contained in Bentham's Letters was altered in several material ways, which may have contributed to his protracted negotiations with the administration of Prime Minister William Pitt. The document was condensed in a printed Proposal and then cast into legal form in the draft contract. The chapter examines the principles behind the panopticon scheme, provides a description of the structure and Bentham's principles of prison management.Less
This chapter discusses the proposal and contract for the panopticon that was sent by Jeremy Bentham for approval to the English government. The draft contained in Bentham's Letters was altered in several material ways, which may have contributed to his protracted negotiations with the administration of Prime Minister William Pitt. The document was condensed in a printed Proposal and then cast into legal form in the draft contract. The chapter examines the principles behind the panopticon scheme, provides a description of the structure and Bentham's principles of prison management.
Freda Harcourt and Sarah Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719073939
- eISBN:
- 9781781700761
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719073939.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This book is a study on the history of the P&O shipping company, paying due attention to the context of nineteenth-century imperial politics that so significantly shaped the company's development. ...
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This book is a study on the history of the P&O shipping company, paying due attention to the context of nineteenth-century imperial politics that so significantly shaped the company's development. Based chiefly on unpublished material in the P&O archives and in the National Archives and on contemporary official publications, it covers the crucial period from the company's origins to 1867. After presenting new findings about the company's origins in the Irish transport industry, the book charts the extension of the founders' interests from the Iberian Peninsula to the Mediterranean, India, China and Australia. In so doing it deals also with the development of the necessary financial infrastructure for P&O's operations, with the founders' attitudes to technical advances, with the shareholding base, with the company's involvement in the opium trade, and with its acquisition of mail, Admiralty and other government contracts. It was the P&O's status as a government contractor that, above all else, implicated its fortunes in the wider politics of empire, and the book culminates in an episode which illustrates this clearly: the company's rescue from the edge of a financial precipice by the award of a new government mail contract prompted, among other things, by the Abyssinian expedition of 1867.Less
This book is a study on the history of the P&O shipping company, paying due attention to the context of nineteenth-century imperial politics that so significantly shaped the company's development. Based chiefly on unpublished material in the P&O archives and in the National Archives and on contemporary official publications, it covers the crucial period from the company's origins to 1867. After presenting new findings about the company's origins in the Irish transport industry, the book charts the extension of the founders' interests from the Iberian Peninsula to the Mediterranean, India, China and Australia. In so doing it deals also with the development of the necessary financial infrastructure for P&O's operations, with the founders' attitudes to technical advances, with the shareholding base, with the company's involvement in the opium trade, and with its acquisition of mail, Admiralty and other government contracts. It was the P&O's status as a government contractor that, above all else, implicated its fortunes in the wider politics of empire, and the book culminates in an episode which illustrates this clearly: the company's rescue from the edge of a financial precipice by the award of a new government mail contract prompted, among other things, by the Abyssinian expedition of 1867.
Irene Hardill and Susan Baines
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847427212
- eISBN:
- 9781447302193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847427212.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter focuses on VCSOs, which it is claimed are tending to become more like state agencies as a result of taking on the delivery of service under government contracts. It explains that VCSOs ...
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This chapter focuses on VCSOs, which it is claimed are tending to become more like state agencies as a result of taking on the delivery of service under government contracts. It explains that VCSOs resemble private sector enterprises in response to an increasingly competitive environment for resources. It notes that the notion of social enterprise ‘draws on the exceptional effort of individuals and organisations working in the most testing circumstances to meet social needs and empower communities’. It clarifies that ‘social enterprise’ is a term that can be applied to charities and voluntary groups that adopt income-generating strategies, including public sector contracts, although such organisations often do not recognise themselves as being enterprises or entrepreneurial.Less
This chapter focuses on VCSOs, which it is claimed are tending to become more like state agencies as a result of taking on the delivery of service under government contracts. It explains that VCSOs resemble private sector enterprises in response to an increasingly competitive environment for resources. It notes that the notion of social enterprise ‘draws on the exceptional effort of individuals and organisations working in the most testing circumstances to meet social needs and empower communities’. It clarifies that ‘social enterprise’ is a term that can be applied to charities and voluntary groups that adopt income-generating strategies, including public sector contracts, although such organisations often do not recognise themselves as being enterprises or entrepreneurial.
Philip Ollerenshaw
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780719090509
- eISBN:
- 9781781706206
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719090509.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
In this chapter, the experience of agriculture and key industries including textiles and clothing, shipbuilding and aircraft manufacture are considered, as are labour and industrial relations and how ...
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In this chapter, the experience of agriculture and key industries including textiles and clothing, shipbuilding and aircraft manufacture are considered, as are labour and industrial relations and how the government began to plan for the post-war world. Feeding the nation was a key priority for the government in London, and agriculture in Northern Ireland not only expanded during war, it also underwent considerable mechanisation. However, the experience of the rural economy, along with the 1941 blitz on Belfast, helped to focus on issues such as rural and urban housing and the provision of social services which would have considerable political consequences in the later stages of the war and in the years afterwards.Less
In this chapter, the experience of agriculture and key industries including textiles and clothing, shipbuilding and aircraft manufacture are considered, as are labour and industrial relations and how the government began to plan for the post-war world. Feeding the nation was a key priority for the government in London, and agriculture in Northern Ireland not only expanded during war, it also underwent considerable mechanisation. However, the experience of the rural economy, along with the 1941 blitz on Belfast, helped to focus on issues such as rural and urban housing and the provision of social services which would have considerable political consequences in the later stages of the war and in the years afterwards.
Graeme Milne
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853236061
- eISBN:
- 9781846314261
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846314261
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
This book charts the development of Liverpool's trade, shipping, and business culture in the third quarter of the nineteenth century. Using previously neglected evidence, it assesses the causes and ...
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This book charts the development of Liverpool's trade, shipping, and business culture in the third quarter of the nineteenth century. Using previously neglected evidence, it assesses the causes and consequences of major changes in the port's economy, and considers the activities of the international trading community that had to work in this complex business environment. Shipowners and merchants confronted difficult choices, whether in adopting the new steamship technology, diversifying into new commodity trades, competing for government contracts, or managing their port through the elected Mersey Docks & Harbour Board.Less
This book charts the development of Liverpool's trade, shipping, and business culture in the third quarter of the nineteenth century. Using previously neglected evidence, it assesses the causes and consequences of major changes in the port's economy, and considers the activities of the international trading community that had to work in this complex business environment. Shipowners and merchants confronted difficult choices, whether in adopting the new steamship technology, diversifying into new commodity trades, competing for government contracts, or managing their port through the elected Mersey Docks & Harbour Board.
David Farber
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199734573
- eISBN:
- 9780190254360
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199734573.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter describes how in the years preceding the advent of World War I, John would lose much of his innocence as he gained a fortune, a growing sense of autonomy, and a greater understanding of ...
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This chapter describes how in the years preceding the advent of World War I, John would lose much of his innocence as he gained a fortune, a growing sense of autonomy, and a greater understanding of the close ties between how American elites fought for power and influence. It details attacks on the DuPont Company, which began in early 1906 when a former employee accused DuPont of a range of market-restraining infractions and with using undue influence to monopolize government explosives contracts; and the US Circuit Court for the District of Delaware's decision in June 1911 that found Pierre, Coleman, and Alfred, as well as the DuPont Company itself and several other named executives guilty of the antitrust charges.Less
This chapter describes how in the years preceding the advent of World War I, John would lose much of his innocence as he gained a fortune, a growing sense of autonomy, and a greater understanding of the close ties between how American elites fought for power and influence. It details attacks on the DuPont Company, which began in early 1906 when a former employee accused DuPont of a range of market-restraining infractions and with using undue influence to monopolize government explosives contracts; and the US Circuit Court for the District of Delaware's decision in June 1911 that found Pierre, Coleman, and Alfred, as well as the DuPont Company itself and several other named executives guilty of the antitrust charges.