Walther Busse von Colbe
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199260621
- eISBN:
- 9780191601668
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199260621.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
A critical examination is made, from a German perspective, of accounting for purchased goodwill using the new (American) Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) standard: Statement of Financial ...
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A critical examination is made, from a German perspective, of accounting for purchased goodwill using the new (American) Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) standard: Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS)142 (Goodwill and other intangible assets). It is argued that SFAS 142 provides substantial room for manipulation, which raises doubts about its enforceability. The various sections of the chapter introduce some of the economic criteria that lend structure to the ongoing debate on accounting for goodwill – criteria that especially address the question of whether the impairment-only approach or the traditional amortization approach is more appropriate for satisfying investors’ information requirements. The following criteria are considered: relevance for capital markets; reliability of the accounting numbers; verifiability; comparability; conservatism; consistency/compatibility with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP); suitability as a basis for dividend payout. Influence on management compensation/capital budgeting is also briefly discussed.Less
A critical examination is made, from a German perspective, of accounting for purchased goodwill using the new (American) Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) standard: Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS)142 (Goodwill and other intangible assets). It is argued that SFAS 142 provides substantial room for manipulation, which raises doubts about its enforceability. The various sections of the chapter introduce some of the economic criteria that lend structure to the ongoing debate on accounting for goodwill – criteria that especially address the question of whether the impairment-only approach or the traditional amortization approach is more appropriate for satisfying investors’ information requirements. The following criteria are considered: relevance for capital markets; reliability of the accounting numbers; verifiability; comparability; conservatism; consistency/compatibility with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP); suitability as a basis for dividend payout. Influence on management compensation/capital budgeting is also briefly discussed.
Andrew R. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496812407
- eISBN:
- 9781496812445
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496812407.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
“Maybe you won't like steel band. It's possible. But it's been said that the Pied Piper had a steel band helping him on his famous visit to Hamelin.” When the US Navy distributed this press release, ...
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“Maybe you won't like steel band. It's possible. But it's been said that the Pied Piper had a steel band helping him on his famous visit to Hamelin.” When the US Navy distributed this press release, anxieties and tensions of the impending Cold War felt palpable. As President Eisenhower cast his gaze toward Russia, the American people cast their ears to the Atlantic South, infatuated with the international currents of Caribbean music. Today, steel bands have become a global phenomenon; yet, in 1957 the exotic sound and the unique image of the US Navy Steel Band was one-of-a-kind. From 1957 until their disbandment in 1999, the US Navy Steel Band performed over 20,000 concerts worldwide. In 1973, the band officially moved headquarters from Puerto Rico to New Orleans and found the city and annual Mardi Gras tradition an apt musical and cultural fit. The band brought a significant piece of Caribbean artistic capital—calypso and steelband music—to the American mainstream. Its impact on the growth and development of steelpan music in America is enormous. This book uncovers the lost history of the US Navy Steel Band and provides an in-depth study of its role in the development of the US military's public relations, its promotion of goodwill, its recruitment efforts after the Korean and Vietnam wars, its musical and technological innovations, and its percussive propulsion of the American fascination with Latin and Caribbean music over the past century.Less
“Maybe you won't like steel band. It's possible. But it's been said that the Pied Piper had a steel band helping him on his famous visit to Hamelin.” When the US Navy distributed this press release, anxieties and tensions of the impending Cold War felt palpable. As President Eisenhower cast his gaze toward Russia, the American people cast their ears to the Atlantic South, infatuated with the international currents of Caribbean music. Today, steel bands have become a global phenomenon; yet, in 1957 the exotic sound and the unique image of the US Navy Steel Band was one-of-a-kind. From 1957 until their disbandment in 1999, the US Navy Steel Band performed over 20,000 concerts worldwide. In 1973, the band officially moved headquarters from Puerto Rico to New Orleans and found the city and annual Mardi Gras tradition an apt musical and cultural fit. The band brought a significant piece of Caribbean artistic capital—calypso and steelband music—to the American mainstream. Its impact on the growth and development of steelpan music in America is enormous. This book uncovers the lost history of the US Navy Steel Band and provides an in-depth study of its role in the development of the US military's public relations, its promotion of goodwill, its recruitment efforts after the Korean and Vietnam wars, its musical and technological innovations, and its percussive propulsion of the American fascination with Latin and Caribbean music over the past century.
Hazel Carty
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199546749
- eISBN:
- 9780191594946
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546749.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
This chapter explores the history and ingredients of this misrepresentation economic tort. Part of its importance is as a parallel action to the statutory protection of trademarks, but it is shown ...
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This chapter explores the history and ingredients of this misrepresentation economic tort. Part of its importance is as a parallel action to the statutory protection of trademarks, but it is shown this tort has an importance of its own as a tort protecting against commercial misrepresentations. Though the classic trinity of misrepresentation, goodwill, and harm is still the basis of this tort, all three ingredients have been expanded by claimants particularly in relation to advertising or promotional activities. The rationale of this tort is explored, comparing the traditional focus on deserving claimants and consumer information with the modern quest for protection against commercial misdescription or more generally misappropriation and unfair competition.Less
This chapter explores the history and ingredients of this misrepresentation economic tort. Part of its importance is as a parallel action to the statutory protection of trademarks, but it is shown this tort has an importance of its own as a tort protecting against commercial misrepresentations. Though the classic trinity of misrepresentation, goodwill, and harm is still the basis of this tort, all three ingredients have been expanded by claimants particularly in relation to advertising or promotional activities. The rationale of this tort is explored, comparing the traditional focus on deserving claimants and consumer information with the modern quest for protection against commercial misdescription or more generally misappropriation and unfair competition.
G. B. Richardson
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292432
- eISBN:
- 9780191596810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292430.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
A firm's investment will prove profitable only if aggregate competitive investment is not excessive and complementary investments are sufficient. This chapter examines the factors necessary to ensure ...
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A firm's investment will prove profitable only if aggregate competitive investment is not excessive and complementary investments are sufficient. This chapter examines the factors necessary to ensure the first of these conditions: these may include differences among firms in their awareness of profit opportunities and in their ability to respond to them, connections between sellers and buyers, which give a degree of stability to market shares, and some measure of inter‐firm collusion.Less
A firm's investment will prove profitable only if aggregate competitive investment is not excessive and complementary investments are sufficient. This chapter examines the factors necessary to ensure the first of these conditions: these may include differences among firms in their awareness of profit opportunities and in their ability to respond to them, connections between sellers and buyers, which give a degree of stability to market shares, and some measure of inter‐firm collusion.
Lazega Emmanuel
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199242726
- eISBN:
- 9780191697166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199242726.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, HRM / IR
This chapter seeks to identify the social niches and the forms of status that could be found in the firm and test for the existence of the first mechanism that helped members manage their social ...
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This chapter seeks to identify the social niches and the forms of status that could be found in the firm and test for the existence of the first mechanism that helped members manage their social resources in order to fulfil their commitment to a broadly understood labour contract — that is, generalized exchange within these niches and in the firm as a whole. It first identifies the resources exchanged and then uses various statistical analyses to confirm the existence of niches, identify their characteristics, and check for the presence of cycles of indirect reciprocity characterizing generalized exchange among members, particularly in the network of exchanges of the first basic resource — that is, co-workers' goodwill.Less
This chapter seeks to identify the social niches and the forms of status that could be found in the firm and test for the existence of the first mechanism that helped members manage their social resources in order to fulfil their commitment to a broadly understood labour contract — that is, generalized exchange within these niches and in the firm as a whole. It first identifies the resources exchanged and then uses various statistical analyses to confirm the existence of niches, identify their characteristics, and check for the presence of cycles of indirect reciprocity characterizing generalized exchange among members, particularly in the network of exchanges of the first basic resource — that is, co-workers' goodwill.
Daniel Hruschka
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520265462
- eISBN:
- 9780520947887
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520265462.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
Friends—they are generous and cooperative with each other in ways that appear to defy standard evolutionary expectations, frequently sacrificing for one another without concern for past behaviors or ...
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Friends—they are generous and cooperative with each other in ways that appear to defy standard evolutionary expectations, frequently sacrificing for one another without concern for past behaviors or future consequences. This multidisciplinary study synthesizes an array of cross-cultural, experimental, and ethnographic data to understand the broad meaning of friendship, how it develops, how it interfaces with kinship and romantic relationships, and how it differs from place to place. The book argues that friendship is a special form of reciprocal altruism based not on tit-for-tat accounting or forward-looking rationality, but rather on mutual goodwill that is built up along the way in human relationships.Less
Friends—they are generous and cooperative with each other in ways that appear to defy standard evolutionary expectations, frequently sacrificing for one another without concern for past behaviors or future consequences. This multidisciplinary study synthesizes an array of cross-cultural, experimental, and ethnographic data to understand the broad meaning of friendship, how it develops, how it interfaces with kinship and romantic relationships, and how it differs from place to place. The book argues that friendship is a special form of reciprocal altruism based not on tit-for-tat accounting or forward-looking rationality, but rather on mutual goodwill that is built up along the way in human relationships.
Daniel J. Hruschka
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520265462
- eISBN:
- 9780520947887
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520265462.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, it brings to the foreground the unique ways that friendships, defined here as long-term relationships of mutual affection and support, have helped ...
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The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, it brings to the foreground the unique ways that friendships, defined here as long-term relationships of mutual affection and support, have helped people deal with the struggles of daily life in a wide range of human societies. Depending on the culture, friends share food when it is scarce, provide backup during aggressive disputes, lend a hand in planting and harvesting, and open avenues of exchange across otherwise indifferent or hostile social groups. Behavior among friends is not necessarily regulated in the same way as behavior in other relationships, such as those among biological kin or mates. The chapter argues that the help provided by friends is regulated by a system based on mutual goodwill that motivates friends to help each other in times of need.Less
The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, it brings to the foreground the unique ways that friendships, defined here as long-term relationships of mutual affection and support, have helped people deal with the struggles of daily life in a wide range of human societies. Depending on the culture, friends share food when it is scarce, provide backup during aggressive disputes, lend a hand in planting and harvesting, and open avenues of exchange across otherwise indifferent or hostile social groups. Behavior among friends is not necessarily regulated in the same way as behavior in other relationships, such as those among biological kin or mates. The chapter argues that the help provided by friends is regulated by a system based on mutual goodwill that motivates friends to help each other in times of need.
David Mislin
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801453946
- eISBN:
- 9781501701436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801453946.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter studies the goodwill movement of the 1920s, which aimed to create national institutions to promote greater sympathy among Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. The Goodwill Dinner, held on ...
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This chapter studies the goodwill movement of the 1920s, which aimed to create national institutions to promote greater sympathy among Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. The Goodwill Dinner, held on February 23, 1926, embodied a spirit of interfaith comity while also reflecting the desire among liberal Protestants to establish national organizations with Catholics and Jews to promote religious diversity in the US. This emerging interfaith movement is best considered through the lens of three groups: the Federal Council's Committee on Goodwill between Jews and Christians, the American Association on Religion in Colleges and Universities, and the Amos Society. All three groups provided the bridge connecting the evolving attitudes about pluralism among liberal Protestants with the values of a Judeo-Christian America. It was also this movement that began to expand discussions of pluralism beyond the realm of the religious and into areas of race and ethnicity.Less
This chapter studies the goodwill movement of the 1920s, which aimed to create national institutions to promote greater sympathy among Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. The Goodwill Dinner, held on February 23, 1926, embodied a spirit of interfaith comity while also reflecting the desire among liberal Protestants to establish national organizations with Catholics and Jews to promote religious diversity in the US. This emerging interfaith movement is best considered through the lens of three groups: the Federal Council's Committee on Goodwill between Jews and Christians, the American Association on Religion in Colleges and Universities, and the Amos Society. All three groups provided the bridge connecting the evolving attitudes about pluralism among liberal Protestants with the values of a Judeo-Christian America. It was also this movement that began to expand discussions of pluralism beyond the realm of the religious and into areas of race and ethnicity.
Claudia Card
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195145083
- eISBN:
- 9780199833115
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195145089.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
Perpetrators of atrocities carry burdens of guilt and incur obligations to apologize and repair harm. Mercy from victims is not only a power to relieve punishment or blame but also a compassionate ...
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Perpetrators of atrocities carry burdens of guilt and incur obligations to apologize and repair harm. Mercy from victims is not only a power to relieve punishment or blame but also a compassionate response that allows perpetrators to carry out responsibilities of reparation and apology, which in turn enable them to manifest goodwill and develop trustworthiness. Mercy and the gratitude that it naturally evokes thus have the potential to substitute mutually reinforcing goodwill for past ill will, provided that mercy can be shown compatibly with justice and self‐respect. As a response to one's own evildoing, guilt has an advantage over shame in that although shame can motivate achievements that restore self‐esteem, guilt can also motivate rectification of wrongs to others, which not only supports the rectifier's self‐esteem but also can alleviate victims’ resentment. Contrary to the popular view of guilt as simply negative (and thereby perverse), guilt can manifest itself in such constructive responses as confession, contrition, apology, restitution, and reparation, which actually relieve negative self‐judgment.Less
Perpetrators of atrocities carry burdens of guilt and incur obligations to apologize and repair harm. Mercy from victims is not only a power to relieve punishment or blame but also a compassionate response that allows perpetrators to carry out responsibilities of reparation and apology, which in turn enable them to manifest goodwill and develop trustworthiness. Mercy and the gratitude that it naturally evokes thus have the potential to substitute mutually reinforcing goodwill for past ill will, provided that mercy can be shown compatibly with justice and self‐respect. As a response to one's own evildoing, guilt has an advantage over shame in that although shame can motivate achievements that restore self‐esteem, guilt can also motivate rectification of wrongs to others, which not only supports the rectifier's self‐esteem but also can alleviate victims’ resentment. Contrary to the popular view of guilt as simply negative (and thereby perverse), guilt can manifest itself in such constructive responses as confession, contrition, apology, restitution, and reparation, which actually relieve negative self‐judgment.
Damion L. Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037177
- eISBN:
- 9780252094293
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037177.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Throughout the Cold War, the Soviet Union deplored the treatment of African Americans by the U.S. government as proof of hypocrisy in the American promises of freedom and equality. This probing ...
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Throughout the Cold War, the Soviet Union deplored the treatment of African Americans by the U.S. government as proof of hypocrisy in the American promises of freedom and equality. This probing history examines government attempts to manipulate international perceptions of U.S. race relations during the Cold War by sending African American athletes abroad on goodwill tours and in international competitions as cultural ambassadors and visible symbols of American values. The book follows the State Department's efforts from 1945 to 1968 to showcase prosperous African American athletes including Jackie Robinson, Jesse Owens, and the Harlem Globetrotters as the preeminent citizens of the African Diaspora rather than as victims of racial oppression. With athletes in baseball, track and field, and basketball, the government relied on figures whose fame carried the desired message to countries where English was little understood. However, eventually African American athletes began to provide counter-narratives to State Department claims of American exceptionalism, most notably with Tommie Smith and John Carlos's famous black power salute at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics.Less
Throughout the Cold War, the Soviet Union deplored the treatment of African Americans by the U.S. government as proof of hypocrisy in the American promises of freedom and equality. This probing history examines government attempts to manipulate international perceptions of U.S. race relations during the Cold War by sending African American athletes abroad on goodwill tours and in international competitions as cultural ambassadors and visible symbols of American values. The book follows the State Department's efforts from 1945 to 1968 to showcase prosperous African American athletes including Jackie Robinson, Jesse Owens, and the Harlem Globetrotters as the preeminent citizens of the African Diaspora rather than as victims of racial oppression. With athletes in baseball, track and field, and basketball, the government relied on figures whose fame carried the desired message to countries where English was little understood. However, eventually African American athletes began to provide counter-narratives to State Department claims of American exceptionalism, most notably with Tommie Smith and John Carlos's famous black power salute at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics.
David Cummiskey
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195094534
- eISBN:
- 9780199833146
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195094530.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter starts with Kant's basic rationalist, internalist approach to justification, and then considers its connection to his famous principle of universalizability, his account of the absolute ...
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This chapter starts with Kant's basic rationalist, internalist approach to justification, and then considers its connection to his famous principle of universalizability, his account of the absolute value of the goodwill, and his analysis of the motive duty as the determining ground of goodwill. Kant's argument, if it succeeds, rules out externalist theories of justification and also mere natural inclination, even mere sympathy, as a determining ground of goodwill. It does not, however, rule out a consequentialist account of the normative content of morality.Less
This chapter starts with Kant's basic rationalist, internalist approach to justification, and then considers its connection to his famous principle of universalizability, his account of the absolute value of the goodwill, and his analysis of the motive duty as the determining ground of goodwill. Kant's argument, if it succeeds, rules out externalist theories of justification and also mere natural inclination, even mere sympathy, as a determining ground of goodwill. It does not, however, rule out a consequentialist account of the normative content of morality.
Karthik Ramanna
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226210742
- eISBN:
- 9780226210889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226210889.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter provides an insight into the political forces that determine accounting rules through a detailed examination of how accounting rules for corporate mergers and acquisitions were ...
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This chapter provides an insight into the political forces that determine accounting rules through a detailed examination of how accounting rules for corporate mergers and acquisitions were determined. The M&A industry is a multi-trillion dollar sector where evidence indicates that acquirers often overpay for targets, thus destroying value. Effective accounting rules for M&A can address these concerns. The chapter documents how investment banks – that depend on high M&A deal values – and certain serial corporate acquirers were successful in structuring accounting rules in ways that preserved their economic interests while potentially compromising accountability for overpayment in M&A. The chapter then provides evidence on the costs of these accounting rules, documenting how, in some cases, firms delay by over two years the recognition of M&A-related losses in their income statements. The chapter is a window into the kind of narrow special-interest capture that can occur in thin political markets.Less
This chapter provides an insight into the political forces that determine accounting rules through a detailed examination of how accounting rules for corporate mergers and acquisitions were determined. The M&A industry is a multi-trillion dollar sector where evidence indicates that acquirers often overpay for targets, thus destroying value. Effective accounting rules for M&A can address these concerns. The chapter documents how investment banks – that depend on high M&A deal values – and certain serial corporate acquirers were successful in structuring accounting rules in ways that preserved their economic interests while potentially compromising accountability for overpayment in M&A. The chapter then provides evidence on the costs of these accounting rules, documenting how, in some cases, firms delay by over two years the recognition of M&A-related losses in their income statements. The chapter is a window into the kind of narrow special-interest capture that can occur in thin political markets.
Michael E. McCullough and Jo-Ann Tsang
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195150100
- eISBN:
- 9780199847389
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195150100.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter describes the prosocial basis of gratitude by identifying three distinct functions of grateful emotions. It suggests that gratitude functions as a moral reinforcer, a moral motive and a ...
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This chapter describes the prosocial basis of gratitude by identifying three distinct functions of grateful emotions. It suggests that gratitude functions as a moral reinforcer, a moral motive and a moral barometer. Many scholars in the field of humanities have associated gratitude with morality and prosocial behavior and Cicero even called it the parent of the virtues. An analysis of social scientific research highlights the importance of gratitude as a social resource that is well worth understanding for the development of a society based on goodwill.Less
This chapter describes the prosocial basis of gratitude by identifying three distinct functions of grateful emotions. It suggests that gratitude functions as a moral reinforcer, a moral motive and a moral barometer. Many scholars in the field of humanities have associated gratitude with morality and prosocial behavior and Cicero even called it the parent of the virtues. An analysis of social scientific research highlights the importance of gratitude as a social resource that is well worth understanding for the development of a society based on goodwill.
MICHAEL SPENCE
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198765011
- eISBN:
- 9780191695278
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198765011.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
This chapter begins by discussing the expanding concepts of the brand and the change in the function of brands when the brand itself has become a product. It then explains the classic elements of the ...
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This chapter begins by discussing the expanding concepts of the brand and the change in the function of brands when the brand itself has become a product. It then explains the classic elements of the tort of passing-off. Next, it discusses how the concept of ‘reverse passing-off’. It then talks about the protection of marketing assets through the provision of registered trade marks. Lastly, it discusses another set of regimes that aid intellectual rights — collective and certification marks, designations of origin, geographical indications, and traditional specialties guaranteed.Less
This chapter begins by discussing the expanding concepts of the brand and the change in the function of brands when the brand itself has become a product. It then explains the classic elements of the tort of passing-off. Next, it discusses how the concept of ‘reverse passing-off’. It then talks about the protection of marketing assets through the provision of registered trade marks. Lastly, it discusses another set of regimes that aid intellectual rights — collective and certification marks, designations of origin, geographical indications, and traditional specialties guaranteed.
Meric S. Gertler
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198233824
- eISBN:
- 9780191916496
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198233824.003.0013
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
It has now become commonplace to refer to the current period of capitalist development as the era of the ‘knowledge-based’ (OECD 1996) or ‘learning’ (Lundvall and ...
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It has now become commonplace to refer to the current period of capitalist development as the era of the ‘knowledge-based’ (OECD 1996) or ‘learning’ (Lundvall and Johnson 1994) economy. No matter which label one prefers, the production, acquisition, absorption, reproduction, and dissemination of knowledge is seen by many as the fundamental characteristic of contemporary competitive dynamics. Long before this parlance became popular, scholars had expressed a deep interest in distinguishing between different types of knowledge. Philosophers of knowledge such as Ryle (1949) and Michael Polanyi (1958; 1966) anticipated later developments in social constructivist thought by enunciating what was for them a crucial distinction between knowledge that could be effectively expressed using symbolic forms of representation—explicit or codified—and other forms of knowledge that defied such representation—tacit knowledge (see Reber 1995; Barbiero n.d.). Within the field of innovation studies and technological change, and especially since the publication of Nonaka and Takeuchi’s The Knowledge- Creating Company (1995), the distinction between tacit and codified knowledge has been accorded great significance. However, in characteristically prescient fashion Nelson and Winter (1982) in their classic work had already made extensive use of the concept, which informed their analysis of organizational routines within an evolutionary perspective on technological change. In drawing attention to this concept, these authors helped revive widespread interest in the earlier work of Michael Polanyi, to the point where tacit knowledge has come to be recognized as a central component of the learning economy, and a key to innovation and value creation. Moreover, tacit knowledge is also acknowledged as a prime determinant of the geography of innovative activity, since its central role in the process of learning through interacting tends to reinforce the local over the global. For a growing number of scholars, this explains the perpetuation and deepening of geographical concentration in a world of expanding markets, weakening borders, and ever cheaper and more pervasive communication technologies. Recently, tacit knowledge has received considerable attention within the field of industrial economics (see for e.g. Cowan, David, and Foray 2000; Johnson, Lorenz, and Lundvall 2002), where a process of critical re-examination has begun.
Less
It has now become commonplace to refer to the current period of capitalist development as the era of the ‘knowledge-based’ (OECD 1996) or ‘learning’ (Lundvall and Johnson 1994) economy. No matter which label one prefers, the production, acquisition, absorption, reproduction, and dissemination of knowledge is seen by many as the fundamental characteristic of contemporary competitive dynamics. Long before this parlance became popular, scholars had expressed a deep interest in distinguishing between different types of knowledge. Philosophers of knowledge such as Ryle (1949) and Michael Polanyi (1958; 1966) anticipated later developments in social constructivist thought by enunciating what was for them a crucial distinction between knowledge that could be effectively expressed using symbolic forms of representation—explicit or codified—and other forms of knowledge that defied such representation—tacit knowledge (see Reber 1995; Barbiero n.d.). Within the field of innovation studies and technological change, and especially since the publication of Nonaka and Takeuchi’s The Knowledge- Creating Company (1995), the distinction between tacit and codified knowledge has been accorded great significance. However, in characteristically prescient fashion Nelson and Winter (1982) in their classic work had already made extensive use of the concept, which informed their analysis of organizational routines within an evolutionary perspective on technological change. In drawing attention to this concept, these authors helped revive widespread interest in the earlier work of Michael Polanyi, to the point where tacit knowledge has come to be recognized as a central component of the learning economy, and a key to innovation and value creation. Moreover, tacit knowledge is also acknowledged as a prime determinant of the geography of innovative activity, since its central role in the process of learning through interacting tends to reinforce the local over the global. For a growing number of scholars, this explains the perpetuation and deepening of geographical concentration in a world of expanding markets, weakening borders, and ever cheaper and more pervasive communication technologies. Recently, tacit knowledge has received considerable attention within the field of industrial economics (see for e.g. Cowan, David, and Foray 2000; Johnson, Lorenz, and Lundvall 2002), where a process of critical re-examination has begun.
T. N. Madan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198065104
- eISBN:
- 9780199080182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198065104.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sociology of Religion
The person who did most to link Islam with the Enlightenment in India was Sayyid Ahmad Khan, who attempted to overcome the hiatus between faith and reason without abandoning the fundamentals of ...
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The person who did most to link Islam with the Enlightenment in India was Sayyid Ahmad Khan, who attempted to overcome the hiatus between faith and reason without abandoning the fundamentals of Islam. In fact, no orthodox Muslim thinker has ever treated secularism as anything but an error. Notable among those of the next generation in India whom Sayyid Ahmad Khan influenced were Shaikh Muhammad Iqbal and Abul Kalam Azad. This chapter examines Islam in South Asia, focusing on Azad's arguments in support of the socio-political co-existence of, and indeed cooperation between, Muslims and non-Muslims (notably Hindus). It also explores his argument in support of cooperation and goodwill between the different religious communities of India. Azad's views on religious pluralism as the politics of national liberation, as a religious philosophy, and as cultural history are also considered.Less
The person who did most to link Islam with the Enlightenment in India was Sayyid Ahmad Khan, who attempted to overcome the hiatus between faith and reason without abandoning the fundamentals of Islam. In fact, no orthodox Muslim thinker has ever treated secularism as anything but an error. Notable among those of the next generation in India whom Sayyid Ahmad Khan influenced were Shaikh Muhammad Iqbal and Abul Kalam Azad. This chapter examines Islam in South Asia, focusing on Azad's arguments in support of the socio-political co-existence of, and indeed cooperation between, Muslims and non-Muslims (notably Hindus). It also explores his argument in support of cooperation and goodwill between the different religious communities of India. Azad's views on religious pluralism as the politics of national liberation, as a religious philosophy, and as cultural history are also considered.
Tze-yue G. Hu, Masao Yokota, and Gyongyi Horvath (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781496826268
- eISBN:
- 9781496826299
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496826268.003.0016
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
This chapter summarizes the authors’ reflections of the publication journey in conjunction with the volume’s themes and contents. Thoughts of the complexity of the main theme, the spirited, are ...
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This chapter summarizes the authors’ reflections of the publication journey in conjunction with the volume’s themes and contents. Thoughts of the complexity of the main theme, the spirited, are revisited in the context of the book’s production process, including the multi-dimensional backgrounds of the contributors. Editorial management and direction are explained as the authors share their review of the book project and that the essential presence of a meta goodwill spirit is important to its completion and success. The expanding boundaries of animation studies is once again emphasized as the authors re-state the spectrum of inquiry into seemingly unrelated subjects of study, as well as the equally related universal humanistic visions and quest for wider cultural knowledge and understanding.Less
This chapter summarizes the authors’ reflections of the publication journey in conjunction with the volume’s themes and contents. Thoughts of the complexity of the main theme, the spirited, are revisited in the context of the book’s production process, including the multi-dimensional backgrounds of the contributors. Editorial management and direction are explained as the authors share their review of the book project and that the essential presence of a meta goodwill spirit is important to its completion and success. The expanding boundaries of animation studies is once again emphasized as the authors re-state the spectrum of inquiry into seemingly unrelated subjects of study, as well as the equally related universal humanistic visions and quest for wider cultural knowledge and understanding.
David Mislin
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801453946
- eISBN:
- 9781501701436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801453946.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This concluding chapter discusses how the acceptance of pluralism by liberal Protestants that occurred between 1870 and 1930 proved imperfect. Most of the proponents retained the conviction that ...
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This concluding chapter discusses how the acceptance of pluralism by liberal Protestants that occurred between 1870 and 1930 proved imperfect. Most of the proponents retained the conviction that while all forms of religion might be good, Protestant Christianity was still the best. This attitude could limit interfaith conversations or threaten them entirely, as happened with the goodwill movement of the 1920s. However, even in its hesitant forms, this new enthusiasm for religious pluralism signified a stark departure from the exclusivism that characterized not only Protestantism but also most individual denominations during the nineteenth century. Through small-scale cooperation, and eventually creating larger institutions, Protestant Americans discovered commonality of experience across the lines of religious traditions, and in doing so, came to see the benefits of religious diversity.Less
This concluding chapter discusses how the acceptance of pluralism by liberal Protestants that occurred between 1870 and 1930 proved imperfect. Most of the proponents retained the conviction that while all forms of religion might be good, Protestant Christianity was still the best. This attitude could limit interfaith conversations or threaten them entirely, as happened with the goodwill movement of the 1920s. However, even in its hesitant forms, this new enthusiasm for religious pluralism signified a stark departure from the exclusivism that characterized not only Protestantism but also most individual denominations during the nineteenth century. Through small-scale cooperation, and eventually creating larger institutions, Protestant Americans discovered commonality of experience across the lines of religious traditions, and in doing so, came to see the benefits of religious diversity.
Theodora Suk Fong Jim
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198706823
- eISBN:
- 9780191778506
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198706823.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Religions
Existing studies of gift-giving practices tend to conceptualize human–divine relations in terms of quid pro quo. But this chapter offers a more differentiated and nuanced picture than that ...
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Existing studies of gift-giving practices tend to conceptualize human–divine relations in terms of quid pro quo. But this chapter offers a more differentiated and nuanced picture than that traditionally given: it argues that aparchai and dekatai concerned not merely the reciprocal exchange of goods and services in a mercantile sense, but might also involve, inter alia, elements of mutual goodwill, pleasure, gratefulness, anxiety, and fear for the future. Despite claims to the contrary, the Greeks were capable of other, less self-interested, motivations, such as a sense of indebtedness to and dependence on the divine. Notions such as ‘gratitude’ and ‘thanksgiving’, which have been curiously neglected or avoided in the study of Greek religion, will also be explored.Less
Existing studies of gift-giving practices tend to conceptualize human–divine relations in terms of quid pro quo. But this chapter offers a more differentiated and nuanced picture than that traditionally given: it argues that aparchai and dekatai concerned not merely the reciprocal exchange of goods and services in a mercantile sense, but might also involve, inter alia, elements of mutual goodwill, pleasure, gratefulness, anxiety, and fear for the future. Despite claims to the contrary, the Greeks were capable of other, less self-interested, motivations, such as a sense of indebtedness to and dependence on the divine. Notions such as ‘gratitude’ and ‘thanksgiving’, which have been curiously neglected or avoided in the study of Greek religion, will also be explored.
Dorothy Wai Sim Lau
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474430333
- eISBN:
- 9781474460040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430333.003.0003
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter focuses on Jackie Chan, analysing his cyber presence oscillating in the interstices of ethnically Chinese image and a cosmopolitan goodwill appeal. The discussion shows that Flickr ...
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This chapter focuses on Jackie Chan, analysing his cyber presence oscillating in the interstices of ethnically Chinese image and a cosmopolitan goodwill appeal. The discussion shows that Flickr hosts official photo albums featuring Jackie Chan’s movies and goodwill events whereas these visual images present Chan as a still-thriving martial artist and a patriotic ambassador. Such goodwill image is, arguably, a token to retain the star value and to ‘apologise’ after a public mistake. Furthermore, considering his star personae was once anchored in martial prowess and kinetic agility, giving him a strong ethnic branding, such ethnically branded image has become increasingly universal. This chapter, therefore, argues that the image functions crucial to his bridging role between his nation and the world.Less
This chapter focuses on Jackie Chan, analysing his cyber presence oscillating in the interstices of ethnically Chinese image and a cosmopolitan goodwill appeal. The discussion shows that Flickr hosts official photo albums featuring Jackie Chan’s movies and goodwill events whereas these visual images present Chan as a still-thriving martial artist and a patriotic ambassador. Such goodwill image is, arguably, a token to retain the star value and to ‘apologise’ after a public mistake. Furthermore, considering his star personae was once anchored in martial prowess and kinetic agility, giving him a strong ethnic branding, such ethnically branded image has become increasingly universal. This chapter, therefore, argues that the image functions crucial to his bridging role between his nation and the world.
