Michael Foley
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199232673
- eISBN:
- 9780191716362
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232673.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter discusses American capitalism. Capitalism has not only become integrally related to the growth of the United States into a global industrial power, but in doing so has acquired an iconic ...
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This chapter discusses American capitalism. Capitalism has not only become integrally related to the growth of the United States into a global industrial power, but in doing so has acquired an iconic property as the generic expression of American ideas and experience. Just as capitalism has played a role in giving definition to America's social identity and historical position, so the United States has emerged as the exemplar of capitalist organization and the defining reference point by which its merits and demerits as an economic and ethical system is adjudged.Less
This chapter discusses American capitalism. Capitalism has not only become integrally related to the growth of the United States into a global industrial power, but in doing so has acquired an iconic property as the generic expression of American ideas and experience. Just as capitalism has played a role in giving definition to America's social identity and historical position, so the United States has emerged as the exemplar of capitalist organization and the defining reference point by which its merits and demerits as an economic and ethical system is adjudged.
Ye Zicheng, Guoli Liu, and Steven I. Levine
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813126456
- eISBN:
- 9780813135465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813126456.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
As recent trends indicate, China's development into a global power is occurring in conjunction with the development of its neighboring countries. In many ways, its growth can benefit them by creating ...
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As recent trends indicate, China's development into a global power is occurring in conjunction with the development of its neighboring countries. In many ways, its growth can benefit them by creating an East Asian economic cooperation system. China's growth will surely contribute to the development of and peace in East Asia and a new period of prosperity. This will be in stark contrast to the history of expansion and military conquest, wars, confrontation, and blood that marked the rise of Western powers and Japan in world history. Developing together with its neighbor states is one of China's fundamental strategies.Less
As recent trends indicate, China's development into a global power is occurring in conjunction with the development of its neighboring countries. In many ways, its growth can benefit them by creating an East Asian economic cooperation system. China's growth will surely contribute to the development of and peace in East Asia and a new period of prosperity. This will be in stark contrast to the history of expansion and military conquest, wars, confrontation, and blood that marked the rise of Western powers and Japan in world history. Developing together with its neighbor states is one of China's fundamental strategies.
Philip Allott
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199244935
- eISBN:
- 9780191697418
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199244935.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
The end of the Cold War has brought a new form of world disorder. The systems and strategies imposed by the global balance of power of the Cold War have evaporated. The international system is ...
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The end of the Cold War has brought a new form of world disorder. The systems and strategies imposed by the global balance of power of the Cold War have evaporated. The international system is seeking a new equilibrium between global integration and global disintegration. Natural forces of economic and cultural integration are opposed by equal and opposite forces of national and cultural particularism, and by the conflicts flowing from gross inequalities and injustices of social and economic order. New threats to international public order have been added to centuries-old forms of international conflict. Our national societies have always had systems of ideas and ideals to help us to co-operate as effectively as possible for our survival and prospering. The international system has never had a greater need for a philosophy of society and law to explain and to guide the co-existence and co-operation of all human beings, as inhabitants of a habitat which we all must share. This book is an attempt to provide such a universal philosophy of society and law. It is a philosophy of social idealism, in which all human beings and all human societies might find a means of taking power, through the power of ideas, over the overwhelming complexity and energy of the new world in which we find ourselves — a world full of danger and full of hope. This book contains a new analysis of the state of that world and new proposals for the practical application of a philosophy of social idealism.Less
The end of the Cold War has brought a new form of world disorder. The systems and strategies imposed by the global balance of power of the Cold War have evaporated. The international system is seeking a new equilibrium between global integration and global disintegration. Natural forces of economic and cultural integration are opposed by equal and opposite forces of national and cultural particularism, and by the conflicts flowing from gross inequalities and injustices of social and economic order. New threats to international public order have been added to centuries-old forms of international conflict. Our national societies have always had systems of ideas and ideals to help us to co-operate as effectively as possible for our survival and prospering. The international system has never had a greater need for a philosophy of society and law to explain and to guide the co-existence and co-operation of all human beings, as inhabitants of a habitat which we all must share. This book is an attempt to provide such a universal philosophy of society and law. It is a philosophy of social idealism, in which all human beings and all human societies might find a means of taking power, through the power of ideas, over the overwhelming complexity and energy of the new world in which we find ourselves — a world full of danger and full of hope. This book contains a new analysis of the state of that world and new proposals for the practical application of a philosophy of social idealism.
Yoram Gorlizki and Oleg V. Khlevniuk
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195165814
- eISBN:
- 9780199788811
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195165814.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
In the period from the end of World War II until his death, Stalin became an increasingly distrustful despot. He habitually picked on and humiliated members of his inner circle, had them guarded ...
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In the period from the end of World War II until his death, Stalin became an increasingly distrustful despot. He habitually picked on and humiliated members of his inner circle, had them guarded around the clock, had their correspondence decoded by secret police, bugged the lines of even his most senior deputies, and even drove several to the point of publicly betraying their spouses in order to prove their allegiance. This book argues that Stalin's behavior was not entirely paranoid and erratic but followed a clear political logic. This book contends that his system of leadership was at once both modern — Stalin vested authority in committees, elevated younger specialists, and made key institutional innovations — and patrimonial-repressive, informal, and based on personal loyalty. Always, Stalin's goal was to make the USSR a global power and, though the country teetered on the edge of violence during this period of acute domestic and international pressure, he succeeded in achieving superpower status and in holding on to power despite his old age and ill health.Less
In the period from the end of World War II until his death, Stalin became an increasingly distrustful despot. He habitually picked on and humiliated members of his inner circle, had them guarded around the clock, had their correspondence decoded by secret police, bugged the lines of even his most senior deputies, and even drove several to the point of publicly betraying their spouses in order to prove their allegiance. This book argues that Stalin's behavior was not entirely paranoid and erratic but followed a clear political logic. This book contends that his system of leadership was at once both modern — Stalin vested authority in committees, elevated younger specialists, and made key institutional innovations — and patrimonial-repressive, informal, and based on personal loyalty. Always, Stalin's goal was to make the USSR a global power and, though the country teetered on the edge of violence during this period of acute domestic and international pressure, he succeeded in achieving superpower status and in holding on to power despite his old age and ill health.
Richard S. Kirkendall
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199790562
- eISBN:
- 9780199896820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199790562.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter discusses how, throughout its first century, the Mississippi Valley Historical Association-Organization of American Historians contributed in major ways to the development of diplomatic ...
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This chapter discusses how, throughout its first century, the Mississippi Valley Historical Association-Organization of American Historians contributed in major ways to the development of diplomatic history as a field of historical study. The opportunities the organization offered included the publication of articles in its journals, and the story the many articles have told is dominated by two big themes: the development of a continental empire and the rise of a global power, two of the major features of American history.Less
This chapter discusses how, throughout its first century, the Mississippi Valley Historical Association-Organization of American Historians contributed in major ways to the development of diplomatic history as a field of historical study. The opportunities the organization offered included the publication of articles in its journals, and the story the many articles have told is dominated by two big themes: the development of a continental empire and the rise of a global power, two of the major features of American history.
Geoffrey F. Gresh
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780300234848
- eISBN:
- 9780300256017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300234848.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter provides an overview of the competition at sea that has emerged in recent years, which is taking place across maritime Eurasia between the continent's main rivals — China, Russia, and ...
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This chapter provides an overview of the competition at sea that has emerged in recent years, which is taking place across maritime Eurasia between the continent's main rivals — China, Russia, and India — as they vie to achieve great power status and to expand beyond their regional seas. This rising competition will dominate and shape the upcoming century as each power increases its geoeconomic, geopolitical, and naval embrace of maritime Eurasia from the Baltic, Black, and Mediterranean Seas to the Indian Ocean, Pacific Asia, and the Arctic. In addition to growing geoeconomic investments and interlinked security interests across maritime Eurasia, China, Russia, and India seek great power status and more international prestige. For Russia and China, this also means challenging the American-dominated world order to suit their respective global interests. The chapter then looks at the critical components of global maritime power and strategy.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the competition at sea that has emerged in recent years, which is taking place across maritime Eurasia between the continent's main rivals — China, Russia, and India — as they vie to achieve great power status and to expand beyond their regional seas. This rising competition will dominate and shape the upcoming century as each power increases its geoeconomic, geopolitical, and naval embrace of maritime Eurasia from the Baltic, Black, and Mediterranean Seas to the Indian Ocean, Pacific Asia, and the Arctic. In addition to growing geoeconomic investments and interlinked security interests across maritime Eurasia, China, Russia, and India seek great power status and more international prestige. For Russia and China, this also means challenging the American-dominated world order to suit their respective global interests. The chapter then looks at the critical components of global maritime power and strategy.
George Modelski
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199332304
- eISBN:
- 9780190259815
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199332304.003.0022
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
Debates and research on the experience of world powers such as Britain or the United States have focused on two questions: why in the modern world do some states acquire a position of global ...
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Debates and research on the experience of world powers such as Britain or the United States have focused on two questions: why in the modern world do some states acquire a position of global prominence while others fall behind? And why is it that those powers that have risen so successfully also tend to relinquish their position? This chapter demonstrates how these two questions can be answered parsimoniously within the framework of the theory of long cycles of global politics. It proposes an evolutionary, mechanism/process model of global politics that rests upon the following core propositions: evolution, including social evolution, is a pattern of the universe; evolutionary processes necessarily occur in favorable conditions; evolutionary processes activate the mechanisms of variation, cooperation, selection, and reinforcement; and evolutionary processes co-evolve with other evolutionary processes.Less
Debates and research on the experience of world powers such as Britain or the United States have focused on two questions: why in the modern world do some states acquire a position of global prominence while others fall behind? And why is it that those powers that have risen so successfully also tend to relinquish their position? This chapter demonstrates how these two questions can be answered parsimoniously within the framework of the theory of long cycles of global politics. It proposes an evolutionary, mechanism/process model of global politics that rests upon the following core propositions: evolution, including social evolution, is a pattern of the universe; evolutionary processes necessarily occur in favorable conditions; evolutionary processes activate the mechanisms of variation, cooperation, selection, and reinforcement; and evolutionary processes co-evolve with other evolutionary processes.
Marilyn B. Young
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520230576
- eISBN:
- 9780520936034
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520230576.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter studies the age of global power in the United States. It states that for the past five years, the United States has been the most powerful country in the world. One problem for ...
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This chapter studies the age of global power in the United States. It states that for the past five years, the United States has been the most powerful country in the world. One problem for historians is that they need to know not only how to think about the United States without restoring its own centered sense of itself, but also how to do this without discarding the success it has achieved in centralizing power in the world. One section mentions the awareness diplomatic historians have of the irony of writing about U.S. engagement with other nations, while another section is concerned with the work of John Lewis Gaddis. The chapter also discusses the impact armed U.S. intervention has on the world.Less
This chapter studies the age of global power in the United States. It states that for the past five years, the United States has been the most powerful country in the world. One problem for historians is that they need to know not only how to think about the United States without restoring its own centered sense of itself, but also how to do this without discarding the success it has achieved in centralizing power in the world. One section mentions the awareness diplomatic historians have of the irony of writing about U.S. engagement with other nations, while another section is concerned with the work of John Lewis Gaddis. The chapter also discusses the impact armed U.S. intervention has on the world.
Kate Quinn (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813049090
- eISBN:
- 9780813046693
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813049090.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This book provides a regional and comparative analysis of the origins, development, and legacies of the Black Power movement in the Caribbean in the turbulent decades of the 1960s and 1970s. Black ...
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This book provides a regional and comparative analysis of the origins, development, and legacies of the Black Power movement in the Caribbean in the turbulent decades of the 1960s and 1970s. Black Power in the Caribbean highlights the unique local origins and causes of Black Power mobilization in the Caribbean and its relationship to Black Power in the United States, ultimately setting the historical roots and modern legacies of the movement in a wider international context. Providing a broad regional coverage, the studies in the book range from as far north as Jamaica, Bermuda and the Guyanas to as far south as Trinidad and Tobago and Curaçao. Exploring what Black Power meant in the majority black and multi-ethnic states of the Caribbean, the book demonstrates that the Caribbean has much to add to our understanding of Black Power in the global context.Less
This book provides a regional and comparative analysis of the origins, development, and legacies of the Black Power movement in the Caribbean in the turbulent decades of the 1960s and 1970s. Black Power in the Caribbean highlights the unique local origins and causes of Black Power mobilization in the Caribbean and its relationship to Black Power in the United States, ultimately setting the historical roots and modern legacies of the movement in a wider international context. Providing a broad regional coverage, the studies in the book range from as far north as Jamaica, Bermuda and the Guyanas to as far south as Trinidad and Tobago and Curaçao. Exploring what Black Power meant in the majority black and multi-ethnic states of the Caribbean, the book demonstrates that the Caribbean has much to add to our understanding of Black Power in the global context.
David Shambaugh
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- December 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190675387
- eISBN:
- 9780190675424
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190675387.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The basic premises of much of the realist-inspired literature that predicts an inevitable conflict between the United State and China is based on assessments of relative power capabilities. This ...
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The basic premises of much of the realist-inspired literature that predicts an inevitable conflict between the United State and China is based on assessments of relative power capabilities. This chapter argues that China’s comprehensive power remains a very long way behind that of the United States, when it is measured in terms of both capabilities and influence. As a result, the prospects of a global clash between these two powers appears remote. However, the power gap is much narrower in the regional Asia-Pacific context—and hence the possibility of a Sino-American conflict erupting there (and possibly becoming global)—is not insignificant.Less
The basic premises of much of the realist-inspired literature that predicts an inevitable conflict between the United State and China is based on assessments of relative power capabilities. This chapter argues that China’s comprehensive power remains a very long way behind that of the United States, when it is measured in terms of both capabilities and influence. As a result, the prospects of a global clash between these two powers appears remote. However, the power gap is much narrower in the regional Asia-Pacific context—and hence the possibility of a Sino-American conflict erupting there (and possibly becoming global)—is not insignificant.
Michael Schaller
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195090499
- eISBN:
- 9780199854196
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195090499.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
A professor of history offers an illuminating look at Reaganism as an American phenomenon. The author shows how Reagan created an illusion of national prosperity and global power when these were in ...
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A professor of history offers an illuminating look at Reaganism as an American phenomenon. The author shows how Reagan created an illusion of national prosperity and global power when these were in fact declining. He examines Reaganomics, the rise of political Christianity, the war on drugs, relations with the Soviet Union, and more. At the height of Ronald Reagan's popularity in July 1986, Time magazine wrote glowingly of how he had “found America's sweet spot”. Reagan seemed a “magician who carries a bright, ideal America like a holograph in his mind and projects its image in the air”. Not since the rhapsody about “Camelot”that surrounded John F. Kennedy in the wake of his assassination had a president been spoken of so reverently. Reagan pledged to bring Americans a “little good news” and during the next eight years, through recession and recovery, cold war and detente, success and scandal Reagan forged a powerful bond with the public. His popularity appeared so unrelated to actual achievements and so undiminished by failure that Colorado Representative Pat Schroeder dubbed him the “Teflon president”. Providing a brief but comprehensive and non-polemical overview of what exactly took place during the Reagan years, the author presents a lively account of the Reagan presidency, weighing the president's great personal and political popularity against the effects of his economic, social, diplomatic, and strategic decisions. The book offers us a fascinating evaluation of the Reagan phenomenon, providing an accessible introduction for Americans struggling to understand the illusory and actual impact of the Reagan administration on the 1980s and on years to come.Less
A professor of history offers an illuminating look at Reaganism as an American phenomenon. The author shows how Reagan created an illusion of national prosperity and global power when these were in fact declining. He examines Reaganomics, the rise of political Christianity, the war on drugs, relations with the Soviet Union, and more. At the height of Ronald Reagan's popularity in July 1986, Time magazine wrote glowingly of how he had “found America's sweet spot”. Reagan seemed a “magician who carries a bright, ideal America like a holograph in his mind and projects its image in the air”. Not since the rhapsody about “Camelot”that surrounded John F. Kennedy in the wake of his assassination had a president been spoken of so reverently. Reagan pledged to bring Americans a “little good news” and during the next eight years, through recession and recovery, cold war and detente, success and scandal Reagan forged a powerful bond with the public. His popularity appeared so unrelated to actual achievements and so undiminished by failure that Colorado Representative Pat Schroeder dubbed him the “Teflon president”. Providing a brief but comprehensive and non-polemical overview of what exactly took place during the Reagan years, the author presents a lively account of the Reagan presidency, weighing the president's great personal and political popularity against the effects of his economic, social, diplomatic, and strategic decisions. The book offers us a fascinating evaluation of the Reagan phenomenon, providing an accessible introduction for Americans struggling to understand the illusory and actual impact of the Reagan administration on the 1980s and on years to come.
Brian J. Gareau
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300175264
- eISBN:
- 9780300188912
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300175264.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The Montreal Protocol has been cited as the most successful global agreement, responsible for phasing out the use of ozone-depleting substances. However, this book argues that the Montreal Protocol ...
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The Montreal Protocol has been cited as the most successful global agreement, responsible for phasing out the use of ozone-depleting substances. However, this book argues that the Montreal Protocol has failed—largely because of neoliberal ideals involving economic protectionism, but also due to the protection of the legitimacy of certain forms of scientific knowledge. The book traces the rise of a new form of disagreement between global powers, members of the scientific community, civil society, and agro-industry groups, leaving efforts to push for environmental protection relatively ineffective.Less
The Montreal Protocol has been cited as the most successful global agreement, responsible for phasing out the use of ozone-depleting substances. However, this book argues that the Montreal Protocol has failed—largely because of neoliberal ideals involving economic protectionism, but also due to the protection of the legitimacy of certain forms of scientific knowledge. The book traces the rise of a new form of disagreement between global powers, members of the scientific community, civil society, and agro-industry groups, leaving efforts to push for environmental protection relatively ineffective.
Hans Köchler
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199332304
- eISBN:
- 9780190259815
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199332304.003.0020
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter first considers the internal contradiction in the system of international law which is exemplified in the politics of global powers. It then focuses on global powers—their politics, ...
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This chapter first considers the internal contradiction in the system of international law which is exemplified in the politics of global powers. It then focuses on global powers—their politics, sense of exceptionalism, and their belief in the supremacy of national sovereignty. It also analyzes some of the policies of the present era's major global power, the United States, insofar as they are related to issues or events that had far-reaching implications for world order.Less
This chapter first considers the internal contradiction in the system of international law which is exemplified in the politics of global powers. It then focuses on global powers—their politics, sense of exceptionalism, and their belief in the supremacy of national sovereignty. It also analyzes some of the policies of the present era's major global power, the United States, insofar as they are related to issues or events that had far-reaching implications for world order.
Gretchen Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814795989
- eISBN:
- 9780814759592
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814795989.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This introductory chapter briefly explores the ways in which Americans re-examined racial conflicts in light of a newly perceived global mission of overseas commercial, military, and cultural ...
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This introductory chapter briefly explores the ways in which Americans re-examined racial conflicts in light of a newly perceived global mission of overseas commercial, military, and cultural expansion at the turn of the twentieth century. It examines cultural debates surrounding the relationship between whiteness and empire, highlighting the literary responses of four multiethnic U.S. writers: Frank R. Steward, Pauline Hopkins, Winnifred Eaton, and Ranald MacDonald. These writers used literary forms to complicate the popular association of whiteness with national mission or global progress. In their writings, nonwhite soldiers, scientists, explorers, and diplomats travel abroad, altering the racial scripts of empire by revealing the U.S. national mission for global power and leadership to be, instead of white, potentially multiracial. And yet they also detach race from empire by challenging whiteness itself as a social, scientific, and legal category—a strategy referred to as “shadowing the white man's burden.”Less
This introductory chapter briefly explores the ways in which Americans re-examined racial conflicts in light of a newly perceived global mission of overseas commercial, military, and cultural expansion at the turn of the twentieth century. It examines cultural debates surrounding the relationship between whiteness and empire, highlighting the literary responses of four multiethnic U.S. writers: Frank R. Steward, Pauline Hopkins, Winnifred Eaton, and Ranald MacDonald. These writers used literary forms to complicate the popular association of whiteness with national mission or global progress. In their writings, nonwhite soldiers, scientists, explorers, and diplomats travel abroad, altering the racial scripts of empire by revealing the U.S. national mission for global power and leadership to be, instead of white, potentially multiracial. And yet they also detach race from empire by challenging whiteness itself as a social, scientific, and legal category—a strategy referred to as “shadowing the white man's burden.”
G. John Ikenberry
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691169217
- eISBN:
- 9781400880843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691169217.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This concluding chapter evaluates the implications that emerge from this book's theoretical and historical analysis for American foreign policy. The United States begins a new century as an unrivaled ...
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This concluding chapter evaluates the implications that emerge from this book's theoretical and historical analysis for American foreign policy. The United States begins a new century as an unrivaled global power. American foreign policy makers need to be reminded what characteristics of the postwar order have made American power reasonably acceptable to other states and peoples during and after the Cold War. American power is not only unprecedented in its preponderance, but it is also unprecedented in the way it is manifest within and through institutions. This helps explain why it has been so durable. If American policy makers want to perpetuate America's preeminent position, they will need to continue to find ways to operate within international institutions, and by so doing restrain that power and make it acceptable to other states.Less
This concluding chapter evaluates the implications that emerge from this book's theoretical and historical analysis for American foreign policy. The United States begins a new century as an unrivaled global power. American foreign policy makers need to be reminded what characteristics of the postwar order have made American power reasonably acceptable to other states and peoples during and after the Cold War. American power is not only unprecedented in its preponderance, but it is also unprecedented in the way it is manifest within and through institutions. This helps explain why it has been so durable. If American policy makers want to perpetuate America's preeminent position, they will need to continue to find ways to operate within international institutions, and by so doing restrain that power and make it acceptable to other states.
Silvia M. Lindtner
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780691207674
- eISBN:
- 9780691204956
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691207674.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter shows how the desire to achieve parity with the West brought the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) and the grassroots tinkerers of China's early hackerspace and coworking space into a ...
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This chapter shows how the desire to achieve parity with the West brought the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) and the grassroots tinkerers of China's early hackerspace and coworking space into a paradoxical and often highly ambivalent alignment in their respective projects to assert China as innovative and creative. It covers the years 2007 through 2011, when a collective of Chinese artists, designers, engineers, entrepreneurs, and internet bloggers began to experiment with the ideals of the American free culture movement, participatory design, and eventually, open source hardware and making. Their work of transplanting Western ideals of participatory, open, and democratized technology production into contemporary China created an affective connection between China's history of manufacturing and its future as a global economic power. Their early experiments with participatory design, coworking spaces, makerspaces, and open source, open innovation, and open design, were aimed at prototyping a “new” Chinese citizen, i.e., the utilization of technology to cultivate an optimistic, forward-looking, entrepreneurial Chinese citizen, at last freed from connotations of lack and low quality. These attachments to technological promise are deeply intertwined with China's ambivalent relationship to the West, marked both by histories of colonialism and by revolutionary imaginings of alternative modernities.Less
This chapter shows how the desire to achieve parity with the West brought the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) and the grassroots tinkerers of China's early hackerspace and coworking space into a paradoxical and often highly ambivalent alignment in their respective projects to assert China as innovative and creative. It covers the years 2007 through 2011, when a collective of Chinese artists, designers, engineers, entrepreneurs, and internet bloggers began to experiment with the ideals of the American free culture movement, participatory design, and eventually, open source hardware and making. Their work of transplanting Western ideals of participatory, open, and democratized technology production into contemporary China created an affective connection between China's history of manufacturing and its future as a global economic power. Their early experiments with participatory design, coworking spaces, makerspaces, and open source, open innovation, and open design, were aimed at prototyping a “new” Chinese citizen, i.e., the utilization of technology to cultivate an optimistic, forward-looking, entrepreneurial Chinese citizen, at last freed from connotations of lack and low quality. These attachments to technological promise are deeply intertwined with China's ambivalent relationship to the West, marked both by histories of colonialism and by revolutionary imaginings of alternative modernities.
Anu Bradford
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- December 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190088583
- eISBN:
- 9780190088613
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190088583.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
Chapter 1 discusses the European Union’s (EU’s) emergence as a global regulatory power. It introduces key EU institutions and describes their role in the regulatory process. It then explains how ...
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Chapter 1 discusses the European Union’s (EU’s) emergence as a global regulatory power. It introduces key EU institutions and describes their role in the regulatory process. It then explains how regulation has become a key tool to advance European integration, giving these institutions a powerful motivation to pursue an ambitious regulatory agenda. It also argues how the creation of the single market was always the primary concern for the EU institutions. For a long time, the Brussels Effect was an ancillary and largely unintended by-product of a regulatory agenda that was driven by internal motivations. Only more recently, a conscious external agenda has emerged alongside this internal agenda.Less
Chapter 1 discusses the European Union’s (EU’s) emergence as a global regulatory power. It introduces key EU institutions and describes their role in the regulatory process. It then explains how regulation has become a key tool to advance European integration, giving these institutions a powerful motivation to pursue an ambitious regulatory agenda. It also argues how the creation of the single market was always the primary concern for the EU institutions. For a long time, the Brussels Effect was an ancillary and largely unintended by-product of a regulatory agenda that was driven by internal motivations. Only more recently, a conscious external agenda has emerged alongside this internal agenda.
Kathryn E. Stoner
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190860714
- eISBN:
- 9780190054571
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190860714.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union, Russian Politics
This chapter looks at geographic regions and policy areas where Putin’s Russia has become increasingly influential. It examines in depth the three policy areas of special importance to Russian grand ...
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This chapter looks at geographic regions and policy areas where Putin’s Russia has become increasingly influential. It examines in depth the three policy areas of special importance to Russian grand strategy—energy, particularly oil and gas; non-energy trade; and national and political security. It provides overviews of Russian power projection in the Middle East, including Syria, Libya, Egypt, Iran, and Israel; Eastern and Western Europe; Latin America, including Venezuela; and sub-Saharan African countries. The chapter concludes that Russian power resources are varied and that Russian influence has increased globally since the mid-2000s in particular.Less
This chapter looks at geographic regions and policy areas where Putin’s Russia has become increasingly influential. It examines in depth the three policy areas of special importance to Russian grand strategy—energy, particularly oil and gas; non-energy trade; and national and political security. It provides overviews of Russian power projection in the Middle East, including Syria, Libya, Egypt, Iran, and Israel; Eastern and Western Europe; Latin America, including Venezuela; and sub-Saharan African countries. The chapter concludes that Russian power resources are varied and that Russian influence has increased globally since the mid-2000s in particular.
Joanna I. Lewis
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231153317
- eISBN:
- 9780231526876
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231153317.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter examines China's rapid rise in the global wind power industry, despite the fact that the nation is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases and the world's single largest source of ...
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This chapter examines China's rapid rise in the global wind power industry, despite the fact that the nation is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases and the world's single largest source of emissions. It briefly looks into how China is now succeeding at green innovation rather than just replicating technologies from elsewhere and manufacturing them inexpensively. China's emergence as a green energy leader comes at a time when energy is the topmost concern of most national security agendas, and when climate change is being linked to extreme weather events and disasters. Given global concern about the impact of China's rapidly increasing energy needs on global supplies and its ability almost singlehandedly to change the global climate system, it is worthwhile to understand how and why Beijing has embraced green innovation, which could play a crucial role in the global transition to a low-carbon economy.Less
This chapter examines China's rapid rise in the global wind power industry, despite the fact that the nation is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases and the world's single largest source of emissions. It briefly looks into how China is now succeeding at green innovation rather than just replicating technologies from elsewhere and manufacturing them inexpensively. China's emergence as a green energy leader comes at a time when energy is the topmost concern of most national security agendas, and when climate change is being linked to extreme weather events and disasters. Given global concern about the impact of China's rapidly increasing energy needs on global supplies and its ability almost singlehandedly to change the global climate system, it is worthwhile to understand how and why Beijing has embraced green innovation, which could play a crucial role in the global transition to a low-carbon economy.
Gareth Porter
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520239487
- eISBN:
- 9780520940406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520239487.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter investigates the decisions on ground troop deployments, culminating in the final decision for a major ground troop deployment in mid-1965. It also reviews the effect of the global ...
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This chapter investigates the decisions on ground troop deployments, culminating in the final decision for a major ground troop deployment in mid-1965. It also reviews the effect of the global imbalance of power, and that of the Byzantine domestic politics of blame for any future defeat in South Vietnam. The incentive for systematic bombing of the North was underlined by a new intelligence estimate in October that reemphasized the importance of U.S. military dominance over North Vietnam and China. Johnson's rejection of even the threat of massive devastation to try to put pressure on the North Vietnamese made the bombing policy very different from what had been envisioned by the national security bureaucracy. Johnson's final effort to avert an open-ended general war in Vietnam concluded with political theater. Robert McNamara abandoned the limited commitment option just as Johnson was trying to make it official policy.Less
This chapter investigates the decisions on ground troop deployments, culminating in the final decision for a major ground troop deployment in mid-1965. It also reviews the effect of the global imbalance of power, and that of the Byzantine domestic politics of blame for any future defeat in South Vietnam. The incentive for systematic bombing of the North was underlined by a new intelligence estimate in October that reemphasized the importance of U.S. military dominance over North Vietnam and China. Johnson's rejection of even the threat of massive devastation to try to put pressure on the North Vietnamese made the bombing policy very different from what had been envisioned by the national security bureaucracy. Johnson's final effort to avert an open-ended general war in Vietnam concluded with political theater. Robert McNamara abandoned the limited commitment option just as Johnson was trying to make it official policy.
