Andrew Hurrell
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199233106
- eISBN:
- 9780191716287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199233106.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter considers the place of regions within our understanding of global international society. It focuses on the relationship between the one world and the many worlds — on the one side, the ...
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This chapter considers the place of regions within our understanding of global international society. It focuses on the relationship between the one world and the many worlds — on the one side, the one world of globalizing capitalism, of global security dynamics, of a global political system that, for many, revolves around a single hegemonic power, of global institutions and global governance, and of the drive to develop and embed a global cosmopolitan ethic; and, on the other side, the extent to which regions and the regional level of practice and of analysis have become more firmly established as important elements of the architecture of global political order; and the extent to which we are witnessing an emerging multi-regional system of international relations.Less
This chapter considers the place of regions within our understanding of global international society. It focuses on the relationship between the one world and the many worlds — on the one side, the one world of globalizing capitalism, of global security dynamics, of a global political system that, for many, revolves around a single hegemonic power, of global institutions and global governance, and of the drive to develop and embed a global cosmopolitan ethic; and, on the other side, the extent to which regions and the regional level of practice and of analysis have become more firmly established as important elements of the architecture of global political order; and the extent to which we are witnessing an emerging multi-regional system of international relations.
Kok-Chor Tan
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199588855
- eISBN:
- 9780191738586
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588855.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter builds on the luck egalitarian ideal defended in Part II, arguing that since equality matters independently of the ideal of democracy, it potentially applies outside the confines of the ...
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This chapter builds on the luck egalitarian ideal defended in Part II, arguing that since equality matters independently of the ideal of democracy, it potentially applies outside the confines of the (democratic) state. On my institutional luck egalitarian account, what is significant is whether there are global practices and institutions that systemically translate natural and arbitrary facts about persons into significant advantages for some and disadvantages for others. This chapter thus elaborates on the ways in which global institutions and practices turn facts that are “arbitrary from a moral point of view” and contingencies into actual social advantages and disadvantages for persons. It points out that the institutional focus prevents global luck egalitarianism from sliding into the absurdity often attributed to it, namely, that global luck egalitarianism has to take on distributive (not just humanitarian) commitments to anyone who so happens to be worse off. Distributive obligations kick in only where there is some institutional order that transforms luck into differential life prospects.Less
This chapter builds on the luck egalitarian ideal defended in Part II, arguing that since equality matters independently of the ideal of democracy, it potentially applies outside the confines of the (democratic) state. On my institutional luck egalitarian account, what is significant is whether there are global practices and institutions that systemically translate natural and arbitrary facts about persons into significant advantages for some and disadvantages for others. This chapter thus elaborates on the ways in which global institutions and practices turn facts that are “arbitrary from a moral point of view” and contingencies into actual social advantages and disadvantages for persons. It points out that the institutional focus prevents global luck egalitarianism from sliding into the absurdity often attributed to it, namely, that global luck egalitarianism has to take on distributive (not just humanitarian) commitments to anyone who so happens to be worse off. Distributive obligations kick in only where there is some institutional order that transforms luck into differential life prospects.
Hans Küng
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199257010
- eISBN:
- 9780191596223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199257019.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
In this chapter, the theologian Hans Küng looks at the various attempts to formulate an acceptable cross‐cultural (multicultural) global ethic, which might be used both as an end in itself, and a ...
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In this chapter, the theologian Hans Küng looks at the various attempts to formulate an acceptable cross‐cultural (multicultural) global ethic, which might be used both as an end in itself, and a basis for the motives and conduct of the institutions that fashion global capitalism. Such an ethic (notably that proposed by Küng himself and the Parliament of the World's Religions) is designed to identify and promote an agreed set of core human values and behavioural standards as agreed by the leading faith traditions, but might also be endorsed by non‐religious persons and institutions. Küng is aware of the difficulties in identifying and practising a universally acceptable moral code, but he considers that not only is the idea of such a code gaining increasing support, but it is also undergirding and guiding the strategies and policies of many global institutions, particularly global businesses.Less
In this chapter, the theologian Hans Küng looks at the various attempts to formulate an acceptable cross‐cultural (multicultural) global ethic, which might be used both as an end in itself, and a basis for the motives and conduct of the institutions that fashion global capitalism. Such an ethic (notably that proposed by Küng himself and the Parliament of the World's Religions) is designed to identify and promote an agreed set of core human values and behavioural standards as agreed by the leading faith traditions, but might also be endorsed by non‐religious persons and institutions. Küng is aware of the difficulties in identifying and practising a universally acceptable moral code, but he considers that not only is the idea of such a code gaining increasing support, but it is also undergirding and guiding the strategies and policies of many global institutions, particularly global businesses.
Mathias Risse
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691142692
- eISBN:
- 9781400845507
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691142692.003.0017
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter examines how the state might best live up to its obligation to be accountable. It first considers the notion of one ground being embedded in another, noting that since states are ...
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This chapter examines how the state might best live up to its obligation to be accountable. It first considers the notion of one ground being embedded in another, noting that since states are embedded in other grounds, principles not tied to shared membership in states also apply to states. It then outlines a list of principles that apply to the state and looks at the notion of accountability, focusing on whether agents are accountable to those in the scope of principles toward whose realization they have duties, and what such accountability implies. The chapter proceeds by distinguishing different forms of accountability and argues that agents with duties toward realizing principles of justice are accountable to those in their scope. It concludes by rejecting the suggestion that we ought to build global democratic institutions.Less
This chapter examines how the state might best live up to its obligation to be accountable. It first considers the notion of one ground being embedded in another, noting that since states are embedded in other grounds, principles not tied to shared membership in states also apply to states. It then outlines a list of principles that apply to the state and looks at the notion of accountability, focusing on whether agents are accountable to those in the scope of principles toward whose realization they have duties, and what such accountability implies. The chapter proceeds by distinguishing different forms of accountability and argues that agents with duties toward realizing principles of justice are accountable to those in their scope. It concludes by rejecting the suggestion that we ought to build global democratic institutions.
Magdi Amin, Ragui Assaad, Nazar al-Baharna, Kemal Derviş, Raj M. Desai, Navtej S. Dhillon, Ahmed Galal, Hafez Ghanem, Carol Graham, Daniel Kaufmann, Homi Kharas, John Page, Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, Katherine Sierra, and Tarik M. Yousef
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199924929
- eISBN:
- 9780199949427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924929.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Economic reform and democratization are the twin challenges for Arab countries after the Arab spring. In this, there are four separate but interrelated “transitions” that Arab states must undergo to ...
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Economic reform and democratization are the twin challenges for Arab countries after the Arab spring. In this, there are four separate but interrelated “transitions” that Arab states must undergo to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century: (1) an intergenerational transition toward meeting the economic needs of the large youth population in the region; (2) the modernization of the public sector; (3) the establishment of confidence in the private sector; and (4) integration in global markets and global institutions. The chapter also explores some key challenges that pose an immediate threat to sound economic policy making in the Arab world.Less
Economic reform and democratization are the twin challenges for Arab countries after the Arab spring. In this, there are four separate but interrelated “transitions” that Arab states must undergo to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century: (1) an intergenerational transition toward meeting the economic needs of the large youth population in the region; (2) the modernization of the public sector; (3) the establishment of confidence in the private sector; and (4) integration in global markets and global institutions. The chapter also explores some key challenges that pose an immediate threat to sound economic policy making in the Arab world.
Gunther Teubner
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199644674
- eISBN:
- 9780191738814
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199644674.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Public International Law
Globalization means that functional differentiation, first realized historically within the nation states of Europe and North America, now encompasses the whole world. Certainly, not all subsystems ...
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Globalization means that functional differentiation, first realized historically within the nation states of Europe and North America, now encompasses the whole world. Certainly, not all subsystems have globalized simultaneously, with the same speed and intensity. Religion, science, and the economy are well-established as global systems, while politics and law still remain mainly focussed on the nation state. Due to this staggered globalization, the pressure to constitutionalize internally the globalized subsystems is all the greater as compared to their national counterpart. This chapter raises the question of which are the new constitutional subjects under conditions of globalisation. It discusses social constitutionalization by the states, the independent constitutions of global institutions, and transnational regimes as potential constitutional subjects. It raises the question whether in transnational regimes dynamics of pouvoir constituant and pouvoir constitué can be identified.Less
Globalization means that functional differentiation, first realized historically within the nation states of Europe and North America, now encompasses the whole world. Certainly, not all subsystems have globalized simultaneously, with the same speed and intensity. Religion, science, and the economy are well-established as global systems, while politics and law still remain mainly focussed on the nation state. Due to this staggered globalization, the pressure to constitutionalize internally the globalized subsystems is all the greater as compared to their national counterpart. This chapter raises the question of which are the new constitutional subjects under conditions of globalisation. It discusses social constitutionalization by the states, the independent constitutions of global institutions, and transnational regimes as potential constitutional subjects. It raises the question whether in transnational regimes dynamics of pouvoir constituant and pouvoir constitué can be identified.
Lea Ypi
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199593873
- eISBN:
- 9780191731426
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199593873.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter examines the causal link between absolute deprivation and relative deprivation and defends the role of this link in asserting an account of global egalitarianism focused on the ...
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This chapter examines the causal link between absolute deprivation and relative deprivation and defends the role of this link in asserting an account of global egalitarianism focused on the relationship between poverty and inequality. Emphasizing the role of a particular kind of goods, global positional goods, it illustrates their normative role where certain patterns of production and distribution are globally extended. These trigger global relational practices where a sharp distinction between sufficientarian justice (typically associated to statism) and egalitarian justice (typically associated to cosmopolitanism) is hard to justify. A similar egalitarian conception, the chapter concludes, constitutes a more progressive, as well as diagnostically appropriate, account of the function and purpose of global institutional practices.Less
This chapter examines the causal link between absolute deprivation and relative deprivation and defends the role of this link in asserting an account of global egalitarianism focused on the relationship between poverty and inequality. Emphasizing the role of a particular kind of goods, global positional goods, it illustrates their normative role where certain patterns of production and distribution are globally extended. These trigger global relational practices where a sharp distinction between sufficientarian justice (typically associated to statism) and egalitarian justice (typically associated to cosmopolitanism) is hard to justify. A similar egalitarian conception, the chapter concludes, constitutes a more progressive, as well as diagnostically appropriate, account of the function and purpose of global institutional practices.
Gavin Mooney
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199235971
- eISBN:
- 9780191717086
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235971.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. It argues that there is a gap between what informed citizens of the world want and what global institutions deliver. There seems also ...
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This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. It argues that there is a gap between what informed citizens of the world want and what global institutions deliver. There seems also to be a gap between the values of a nation's citizens and what is then provided by way of health care and public health. These gaps need to be investigated more and ways found to address them. Health economists have a role to play (with others) in examining these gaps and seeking ways of filling them. The paradigm suggested in this book is one way for health economists to make a contribution to reform.Less
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. It argues that there is a gap between what informed citizens of the world want and what global institutions deliver. There seems also to be a gap between the values of a nation's citizens and what is then provided by way of health care and public health. These gaps need to be investigated more and ways found to address them. Health economists have a role to play (with others) in examining these gaps and seeking ways of filling them. The paradigm suggested in this book is one way for health economists to make a contribution to reform.
Benjamin Mason Meier and Lawrence O. Gostin
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- April 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190672676
- eISBN:
- 9780190672713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190672676.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
This introductory chapter outlines the global governance institutions that structure the realization of human rights for global health. With this volume examining the relationship between human ...
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This introductory chapter outlines the global governance institutions that structure the realization of human rights for global health. With this volume examining the relationship between human rights, global governance, and public health, a proliferating set of global governance institutions have developed policies, programs, and practices to operationalize human rights to address public health challenges in a globalizing world. As an institutional analysis that focuses on organizations, the organizations in this volume include those international bureaucracies that bear implementation responsibilities for health-related human rights. Examining institutional dynamics to implement human rights, the contributing authors analyze institutional factors that facilitate or inhibit human rights mainstreaming. This introduction concludes by recognizing the importance of comparative analysis in understanding institutional approaches to human rights in global health, outlining the research methods for studying human rights mainstreaming in global governance institutions and framing a new field of study on rights-based governance for global health advancement.Less
This introductory chapter outlines the global governance institutions that structure the realization of human rights for global health. With this volume examining the relationship between human rights, global governance, and public health, a proliferating set of global governance institutions have developed policies, programs, and practices to operationalize human rights to address public health challenges in a globalizing world. As an institutional analysis that focuses on organizations, the organizations in this volume include those international bureaucracies that bear implementation responsibilities for health-related human rights. Examining institutional dynamics to implement human rights, the contributing authors analyze institutional factors that facilitate or inhibit human rights mainstreaming. This introduction concludes by recognizing the importance of comparative analysis in understanding institutional approaches to human rights in global health, outlining the research methods for studying human rights mainstreaming in global governance institutions and framing a new field of study on rights-based governance for global health advancement.
Jennifer Prah Ruger
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- June 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199694631
- eISBN:
- 9780191862144
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199694631.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare, International
Global health institutions, including the World Health Organization and other United Nations organizations, the World Bank, the vast numbers of foundations, civil society organizations and other ...
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Global health institutions, including the World Health Organization and other United Nations organizations, the World Bank, the vast numbers of foundations, civil society organizations and other actors, and nations themselves have been unable to address global health problems sufficiently. Health actors have proliferated dramatically, and the global health enterprise has become kaleidoscopically fragmented and incoherent. The modus vivendi underlying the activities and interrelationships of these actors arguably works against resolving the world’s health challenges. Decades-old international problems in health governance still persist today. These problems present serious ethical questions and demand a normative theoretical foundation as we seek their solutions.Less
Global health institutions, including the World Health Organization and other United Nations organizations, the World Bank, the vast numbers of foundations, civil society organizations and other actors, and nations themselves have been unable to address global health problems sufficiently. Health actors have proliferated dramatically, and the global health enterprise has become kaleidoscopically fragmented and incoherent. The modus vivendi underlying the activities and interrelationships of these actors arguably works against resolving the world’s health challenges. Decades-old international problems in health governance still persist today. These problems present serious ethical questions and demand a normative theoretical foundation as we seek their solutions.
Martti Koskenniemi
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199691661
- eISBN:
- 9780191738593
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199691661.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
One should be careful with those who speak in the name of humanity and try to impose any particular blueprint on the world. Proposals for the legal-institutional architectures for the government of ...
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One should be careful with those who speak in the name of humanity and try to impose any particular blueprint on the world. Proposals for the legal-institutional architectures for the government of the whole world and other designs may seem appealing when stated in the abstract. However, their concrete realization always involves some distribution of power, and with it, some privileging of preferences and values. Claims to humanity are always infected by the particularity of the speaker, the world of his or her experience, culture and profession, knowledge and ignorance. This chapter argues that a realistic utopia can only begin with the critique of present institutions — the United Nations, the World Bank, the Kyoto Protocol, the operations of large multinational companies, the structures of public law and private ordering that decide on the distribution of material and spiritual values today. It is a mindset and an attitude that seeks to highlight the contingency and contestability of global institutions and their distributionary consequences.Less
One should be careful with those who speak in the name of humanity and try to impose any particular blueprint on the world. Proposals for the legal-institutional architectures for the government of the whole world and other designs may seem appealing when stated in the abstract. However, their concrete realization always involves some distribution of power, and with it, some privileging of preferences and values. Claims to humanity are always infected by the particularity of the speaker, the world of his or her experience, culture and profession, knowledge and ignorance. This chapter argues that a realistic utopia can only begin with the critique of present institutions — the United Nations, the World Bank, the Kyoto Protocol, the operations of large multinational companies, the structures of public law and private ordering that decide on the distribution of material and spiritual values today. It is a mindset and an attitude that seeks to highlight the contingency and contestability of global institutions and their distributionary consequences.
Craig Calhoun and Georgi Derluguian (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814772805
- eISBN:
- 9780814723562
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814772805.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
Response to financial meltdown is entangled with basic challenges to global governance. Environment, global security and ethnicity and nationalism are all global issues today. Focusing on the ...
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Response to financial meltdown is entangled with basic challenges to global governance. Environment, global security and ethnicity and nationalism are all global issues today. Focusing on the political and social dimensions of the crisis, this book examines changes in relationships between the world's richer and poorer countries, efforts to strengthen global institutions, and difficulties facing states trying to create stability for their citizens. This is the second part of a trilogy comprised of the first three books in the Possible Future series.Less
Response to financial meltdown is entangled with basic challenges to global governance. Environment, global security and ethnicity and nationalism are all global issues today. Focusing on the political and social dimensions of the crisis, this book examines changes in relationships between the world's richer and poorer countries, efforts to strengthen global institutions, and difficulties facing states trying to create stability for their citizens. This is the second part of a trilogy comprised of the first three books in the Possible Future series.
William Durch, Joris Larik, and Richard Ponzio
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- March 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198805373
- eISBN:
- 9780191843440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198805373.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter offers the context for the book, introducing its overarching theme of the need to address security and justice concerns simultaneously and with equivalent weight and urgency when facing ...
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This chapter offers the context for the book, introducing its overarching theme of the need to address security and justice concerns simultaneously and with equivalent weight and urgency when facing the major threats, challenges, and opportunities for global governance in the present era. It looks at the history of international organizations in the last century and at the role of the United Nations, and summarizes the book’s chief research questions and arguments and how they also informed the choice of the book’s three main thematic baskets (violent conflict and state fragility, climate governance, and managing the hyperconnected global economy). It concludes by highlighting key points from the remaining chapters.Less
This chapter offers the context for the book, introducing its overarching theme of the need to address security and justice concerns simultaneously and with equivalent weight and urgency when facing the major threats, challenges, and opportunities for global governance in the present era. It looks at the history of international organizations in the last century and at the role of the United Nations, and summarizes the book’s chief research questions and arguments and how they also informed the choice of the book’s three main thematic baskets (violent conflict and state fragility, climate governance, and managing the hyperconnected global economy). It concludes by highlighting key points from the remaining chapters.
Shafqat Hussain
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300205558
- eISBN:
- 9780300213355
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300205558.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
This chapter describes the state of Hunza after the partition of India which formed the sovereignty of Pakistan in 1947. It also examines the region's representation as a marginal but remote place ...
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This chapter describes the state of Hunza after the partition of India which formed the sovereignty of Pakistan in 1947. It also examines the region's representation as a marginal but remote place within Pakistani geopolitical nationalism. During this period, the region was characterized as a place that harbored the origins of the mythical Pakistani nation. Hunza became the indigenous face of the modern Pakistani nation-state. In the development discourse, Hunza is constructed as an economically marginal region because of its geographical distance from centers of political and economic power, its minority ethnic status, and its harsh climate. On the other hand, the economic development discourse is pushed by the global Ismaili development institutions (GIDIs), a set of nongovernment organizations working for the social, cultural, and economic uplift of the Ismaili community around the world. The chapter looks into how GIDIs divides Hunza into central and remote areas.Less
This chapter describes the state of Hunza after the partition of India which formed the sovereignty of Pakistan in 1947. It also examines the region's representation as a marginal but remote place within Pakistani geopolitical nationalism. During this period, the region was characterized as a place that harbored the origins of the mythical Pakistani nation. Hunza became the indigenous face of the modern Pakistani nation-state. In the development discourse, Hunza is constructed as an economically marginal region because of its geographical distance from centers of political and economic power, its minority ethnic status, and its harsh climate. On the other hand, the economic development discourse is pushed by the global Ismaili development institutions (GIDIs), a set of nongovernment organizations working for the social, cultural, and economic uplift of the Ismaili community around the world. The chapter looks into how GIDIs divides Hunza into central and remote areas.
Edward J. Lincoln
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262622189
- eISBN:
- 9780262288224
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262622189.003.0021
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter finds that Japan has been unable to emerge as a global leader despite being backed by significant economic prosperity and military strength, but has been able to use its external ...
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This chapter finds that Japan has been unable to emerge as a global leader despite being backed by significant economic prosperity and military strength, but has been able to use its external environment to highlight its national interests. Japan has successfully accessed foreign raw materials and supplied its products in international markets despite being unable to influence international global institutions and systems, and has also attracted investments into the domestic economy, and maintains cordial relationships with other countries, including the United States. It has satisfied its own needs by following the policy of limited international agenda and non-interference in the matters of others.Less
This chapter finds that Japan has been unable to emerge as a global leader despite being backed by significant economic prosperity and military strength, but has been able to use its external environment to highlight its national interests. Japan has successfully accessed foreign raw materials and supplied its products in international markets despite being unable to influence international global institutions and systems, and has also attracted investments into the domestic economy, and maintains cordial relationships with other countries, including the United States. It has satisfied its own needs by following the policy of limited international agenda and non-interference in the matters of others.
Kent Jones
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- December 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199366040
- eISBN:
- 9780199366071
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199366040.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
The suspension of the comprehensive Doha Round trade negotiations in 2011 dealt a serious blow to the World Trade Organization (WTO). What were the causes of the breakdown of this global institution? ...
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The suspension of the comprehensive Doha Round trade negotiations in 2011 dealt a serious blow to the World Trade Organization (WTO). What were the causes of the breakdown of this global institution? There appear to be many sources of the failure, from the shift in bargaining power toward emerging market countries and other problems of the “development divide,” to fears of globalization and reduced involvement of business interests in the negotiations. This study will present an institutional approach to the problem. Trade liberalization continues to be a key determinant of global economic growth, and removing remaining barriers to trade could create new gains from trade and increase global GDP by as much as 10%. New, “murky” protectionism during the recent global recession illustrates the potential dangers of a weakened trading system. The role of the WTO therefore remains essential to the world economy.Less
The suspension of the comprehensive Doha Round trade negotiations in 2011 dealt a serious blow to the World Trade Organization (WTO). What were the causes of the breakdown of this global institution? There appear to be many sources of the failure, from the shift in bargaining power toward emerging market countries and other problems of the “development divide,” to fears of globalization and reduced involvement of business interests in the negotiations. This study will present an institutional approach to the problem. Trade liberalization continues to be a key determinant of global economic growth, and removing remaining barriers to trade could create new gains from trade and increase global GDP by as much as 10%. New, “murky” protectionism during the recent global recession illustrates the potential dangers of a weakened trading system. The role of the WTO therefore remains essential to the world economy.
Andrés Solimano
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199355983
- eISBN:
- 9780199396894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199355983.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter summarizes the main messages and findings regarding the impact of neoliberal capitalism on the formation of economic elites, the rise of inequality, the fragmentation of the middle class ...
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This chapter summarizes the main messages and findings regarding the impact of neoliberal capitalism on the formation of economic elites, the rise of inequality, the fragmentation of the middle class and polarization of rich elites and the rest of the population, the higher frequency of financial crisis and their disruptive effects on the economy and society. It identifies the risks for Europe associated with a “neoliberal solution” of the financial and job crisis seeking to dismantling the welfare state and widespread privatization. Also here is discussion of institutional and policy reforms at national and global levels embedded around the concept of economic democracy that could be used to restore social cohesion, give economic stability, and offer genuine prosperity while also democratizing the economic decision making and building kinder human societies.Less
This chapter summarizes the main messages and findings regarding the impact of neoliberal capitalism on the formation of economic elites, the rise of inequality, the fragmentation of the middle class and polarization of rich elites and the rest of the population, the higher frequency of financial crisis and their disruptive effects on the economy and society. It identifies the risks for Europe associated with a “neoliberal solution” of the financial and job crisis seeking to dismantling the welfare state and widespread privatization. Also here is discussion of institutional and policy reforms at national and global levels embedded around the concept of economic democracy that could be used to restore social cohesion, give economic stability, and offer genuine prosperity while also democratizing the economic decision making and building kinder human societies.
Kent Jones
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- December 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199366040
- eISBN:
- 9780199366071
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199366040.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This book examines the difficulties of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in completing multilateral trade negotiations and possible ways to improve the situation. The problem lies in the ...
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This book examines the difficulties of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in completing multilateral trade negotiations and possible ways to improve the situation. The problem lies in the institutional structure it inherited from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was designed for a more limited scope of trade negotiations among wealthier, industrialized countries. The book presents a model of the GATT/WTO system as a global institution, based on the accepted goals, rules, and obligations of the members, as well as the output the institution is expected to generate. The institutional shortcomings of the WTO became apparent during the Doha Round of trade negotiations, whose “trade and development agenda” meant different things to rich and poor countries. Institutional reforms will be necessary to restore the WTO’s ability to complete global trade agreements, including a more flexible application of the consensus rule, a common understanding among all members about the limits of domestic policy space that is subject to negotiation, and clearer rules on reciprocity obligations. The popularity of bilateral and regional trade agreements, which have emerged as the alternative to WTO agreements, presents a threat to the WTO’s relevance in trade negotiations, but also an opportunity to “multilateralize” new and deeper trade integration in future WTO agreements. Aid for trade may also play an instrumental role in bringing more developing countries into WTO disciplines.Less
This book examines the difficulties of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in completing multilateral trade negotiations and possible ways to improve the situation. The problem lies in the institutional structure it inherited from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was designed for a more limited scope of trade negotiations among wealthier, industrialized countries. The book presents a model of the GATT/WTO system as a global institution, based on the accepted goals, rules, and obligations of the members, as well as the output the institution is expected to generate. The institutional shortcomings of the WTO became apparent during the Doha Round of trade negotiations, whose “trade and development agenda” meant different things to rich and poor countries. Institutional reforms will be necessary to restore the WTO’s ability to complete global trade agreements, including a more flexible application of the consensus rule, a common understanding among all members about the limits of domestic policy space that is subject to negotiation, and clearer rules on reciprocity obligations. The popularity of bilateral and regional trade agreements, which have emerged as the alternative to WTO agreements, presents a threat to the WTO’s relevance in trade negotiations, but also an opportunity to “multilateralize” new and deeper trade integration in future WTO agreements. Aid for trade may also play an instrumental role in bringing more developing countries into WTO disciplines.
