James A. Mirrlees
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199278558
- eISBN:
- 9780191601590
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199278555.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter, together with chs. 2 and 11, approaches the question of development funding in a theoretical way, rather than by examining individual proposals for sources. One purpose of the book is ...
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This chapter, together with chs. 2 and 11, approaches the question of development funding in a theoretical way, rather than by examining individual proposals for sources. One purpose of the book is to bring to bear on this accumulated knowledge in the field of national public finance, and more generally public economics. Consequently, a discussion of global public finance/economics is presented here that considers the lessons from optimal tax design when applied at a global level. The different sections of the chapter look at: global taxation; taxation for aid; the possibility of an international agreement whereby income taxation is applied to nationals (rather than residents) and countries report people's income to their country of nationality (international allocation of tax bases); supranational taxation; subsidies and transfers; voluntary contributions and taxation; and development assistance expansion. An appendix considers the conditions for marginal tax rates to be independent of the revenue requirement.Less
This chapter, together with chs. 2 and 11, approaches the question of development funding in a theoretical way, rather than by examining individual proposals for sources. One purpose of the book is to bring to bear on this accumulated knowledge in the field of national public finance, and more generally public economics. Consequently, a discussion of global public finance/economics is presented here that considers the lessons from optimal tax design when applied at a global level. The different sections of the chapter look at: global taxation; taxation for aid; the possibility of an international agreement whereby income taxation is applied to nationals (rather than residents) and countries report people's income to their country of nationality (international allocation of tax bases); supranational taxation; subsidies and transfers; voluntary contributions and taxation; and development assistance expansion. An appendix considers the conditions for marginal tax rates to be independent of the revenue requirement.
Ellen IsraelRosen
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520233362
- eISBN:
- 9780520928572
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520233362.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
Offering an historical analysis of the globalization of the U.S. apparel industry, this book focuses on the reemergence of sweatshops in the United States and the growth of new ones abroad. It probes ...
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Offering an historical analysis of the globalization of the U.S. apparel industry, this book focuses on the reemergence of sweatshops in the United States and the growth of new ones abroad. It probes the shifts in trade policy and global economics that have spawned momentous changes in the international apparel and textile trade. It also asks whether the process of globalization can be promoted in ways that blend industrialization and economic development in both poor and rich countries with concerns for social and economic justice—especially for the women who toil in the industry's low-wage sites around the world. It looks closely at the role trade policy has played in globalization in this industry. It traces the history of current policies toward the textile and apparel trade to cold war politics and the reconstruction of the Pacific Rim economies after World War II. The narrative takes us through the rise of protectionism and the subsequent dismantling of trade protection during the Reagan era to the passage of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the continued push for trade accords through the WTO. Going beyond purely economic factors, this valuable study elaborates the full historical and political context in which the globalization of textiles and apparel has taken place. It then takes a critical look at the promises of prosperity, both in the U.S. and in developing countries, made by advocates for the global expansion of these industries. It offers evidence to suggest that this process may inevitably create new and more extreme forms of poverty.Less
Offering an historical analysis of the globalization of the U.S. apparel industry, this book focuses on the reemergence of sweatshops in the United States and the growth of new ones abroad. It probes the shifts in trade policy and global economics that have spawned momentous changes in the international apparel and textile trade. It also asks whether the process of globalization can be promoted in ways that blend industrialization and economic development in both poor and rich countries with concerns for social and economic justice—especially for the women who toil in the industry's low-wage sites around the world. It looks closely at the role trade policy has played in globalization in this industry. It traces the history of current policies toward the textile and apparel trade to cold war politics and the reconstruction of the Pacific Rim economies after World War II. The narrative takes us through the rise of protectionism and the subsequent dismantling of trade protection during the Reagan era to the passage of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the continued push for trade accords through the WTO. Going beyond purely economic factors, this valuable study elaborates the full historical and political context in which the globalization of textiles and apparel has taken place. It then takes a critical look at the promises of prosperity, both in the U.S. and in developing countries, made by advocates for the global expansion of these industries. It offers evidence to suggest that this process may inevitably create new and more extreme forms of poverty.
Ruth Cruickshank
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199571758
- eISBN:
- 9780191721793
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571758.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism, European Literature
The turn of the millennium in France coincided with a number of tangible crises and apocalyptic discourses, with the growth of the mass media and global market, further generating and manipulating ...
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The turn of the millennium in France coincided with a number of tangible crises and apocalyptic discourses, with the growth of the mass media and global market, further generating and manipulating crisis. This book contextualizes and studies the work of four influential writers of prose fiction—Angot, Echenoz, Houellebecq, and Redonnet—teasing their responses to this convergence. It suggests that the recurrent fictional and cultural trope of the turning point has both aesthetic and critical potential. Bringing together analyses spanning literature, thought, and culture, the identifies and critiques the ways in which, on the eve of the 21st century, different theoretical and fictional approaches confront the manipulation of crisis discourses. Drawing on a ‘long twentieth century’ of crisis thinking, the book counters the perception that a postmodern model of perpetual crisis is culturally dominant, and establishes instead a new critical framework with which to respond to the fin de millénaire aesthetics of crisis. The book demonstrates how prose fictions afford critical purchase on the global market, and on French co‐implication in it. It identifies how the four contrasting writers reflect, perpetuate, and challenge the misogyny and symbolic violence of late capitalism. This book emerges as both problematic and problematizing, bespeaking the need to intervene in debates about the mass media, neoliberalism, global market economics, and sexual and postcolonial identities, while also demonstrating the enduring agency—critical and creative—of literature itself.Less
The turn of the millennium in France coincided with a number of tangible crises and apocalyptic discourses, with the growth of the mass media and global market, further generating and manipulating crisis. This book contextualizes and studies the work of four influential writers of prose fiction—Angot, Echenoz, Houellebecq, and Redonnet—teasing their responses to this convergence. It suggests that the recurrent fictional and cultural trope of the turning point has both aesthetic and critical potential. Bringing together analyses spanning literature, thought, and culture, the identifies and critiques the ways in which, on the eve of the 21st century, different theoretical and fictional approaches confront the manipulation of crisis discourses. Drawing on a ‘long twentieth century’ of crisis thinking, the book counters the perception that a postmodern model of perpetual crisis is culturally dominant, and establishes instead a new critical framework with which to respond to the fin de millénaire aesthetics of crisis. The book demonstrates how prose fictions afford critical purchase on the global market, and on French co‐implication in it. It identifies how the four contrasting writers reflect, perpetuate, and challenge the misogyny and symbolic violence of late capitalism. This book emerges as both problematic and problematizing, bespeaking the need to intervene in debates about the mass media, neoliberalism, global market economics, and sexual and postcolonial identities, while also demonstrating the enduring agency—critical and creative—of literature itself.
Ruth Cruickshank
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781789620672
- eISBN:
- 9781789629828
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789620672.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
The introduction establishes the untapped interpretative potential bound up with food and drink and representations of it. An extraordinary nexus of post-war French thought that uses or is legible ...
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The introduction establishes the untapped interpretative potential bound up with food and drink and representations of it. An extraordinary nexus of post-war French thought that uses or is legible through figures of eating and drinking is identified, along with the new critical combinations which here provide a framework for re-thinking eating and drinking in four case-study novels. The conventional literary potential of food and drink is established, before introducing the contrasting novels which exceed those conventions. These are well-known, prize-winning works, all translated into English. They are self-consciously literary and differently theoretically-informed about intersecting questions of language, trauma, gender, class, race and global market economics. Chapter 1 is introduced as providing a flexible critical apparatus for the ensuing case studies and as a suggestive tool for re-thinking representations of eating and drinking in other genres or media. Optimizing accessibility, case studies can be read singly or severally (references to relevant sections of Chapter 1 are provided), and the novel, writer and any relevant critical material are introduced before re-thinking the representations of food and drink in each post-war French fiction. Thus, culturally-specific insights emerge together with a springboard for examining leftover interpretations in other forms of representational practice from other times and places.Less
The introduction establishes the untapped interpretative potential bound up with food and drink and representations of it. An extraordinary nexus of post-war French thought that uses or is legible through figures of eating and drinking is identified, along with the new critical combinations which here provide a framework for re-thinking eating and drinking in four case-study novels. The conventional literary potential of food and drink is established, before introducing the contrasting novels which exceed those conventions. These are well-known, prize-winning works, all translated into English. They are self-consciously literary and differently theoretically-informed about intersecting questions of language, trauma, gender, class, race and global market economics. Chapter 1 is introduced as providing a flexible critical apparatus for the ensuing case studies and as a suggestive tool for re-thinking representations of eating and drinking in other genres or media. Optimizing accessibility, case studies can be read singly or severally (references to relevant sections of Chapter 1 are provided), and the novel, writer and any relevant critical material are introduced before re-thinking the representations of food and drink in each post-war French fiction. Thus, culturally-specific insights emerge together with a springboard for examining leftover interpretations in other forms of representational practice from other times and places.
Melanie R. Benson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781604732115
- eISBN:
- 9781604733549
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781604732115.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter examines Faulkner’s view of global South economics. It argues that “in the postplantation South” of Go Down, Moses (1942) the ledgers in “The Bear” are no longer “operative mechanisms of ...
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This chapter examines Faulkner’s view of global South economics. It argues that “in the postplantation South” of Go Down, Moses (1942) the ledgers in “The Bear” are no longer “operative mechanisms of a fiscal order, but residues of what their obsolescence signifies: the certainty of hierarchy under slavery, the moral satisfaction of balance, and the allure of profit by engineering surplus value.” The ledger entries have a double function: they point to a specifically Southern legacy of slavery, and are associated with Northern industrial interests and modern commercial practice. This double function offers “the chilling recognition that the plantation’s priorities carry over into the New South’s global economic exchanges, including the principles of exclusion, privilege, and contrivance.”Less
This chapter examines Faulkner’s view of global South economics. It argues that “in the postplantation South” of Go Down, Moses (1942) the ledgers in “The Bear” are no longer “operative mechanisms of a fiscal order, but residues of what their obsolescence signifies: the certainty of hierarchy under slavery, the moral satisfaction of balance, and the allure of profit by engineering surplus value.” The ledger entries have a double function: they point to a specifically Southern legacy of slavery, and are associated with Northern industrial interests and modern commercial practice. This double function offers “the chilling recognition that the plantation’s priorities carry over into the New South’s global economic exchanges, including the principles of exclusion, privilege, and contrivance.”
Sharon Haar
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816665648
- eISBN:
- 9781452946528
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816665648.003.0007
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural Theory and Criticism
This chapter discusses the efforts to restructure and revitalize the university landscape within a large-scale network of cities, especially when serving within the implications of global economics. ...
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This chapter discusses the efforts to restructure and revitalize the university landscape within a large-scale network of cities, especially when serving within the implications of global economics. The university’s physical space, as well as its relationship with the urban community at large, has continually evolved throughout the years; but in the late twentieth century, urban planners have come to think in terms of hybridity—a movement away from the town-and-gown urban encounters of yore and into the mutual stabilization of both city and campus. Although the urban campus has indeed become a closed environment, the boundaries of this environment have continued to expand and invigorate the local economy, what with the restoration of public infrastructure as well as its student population providing further economic opportunities for the community. The university space has become a hybrid city—one that is indistinct from the larger community in which it thrives.Less
This chapter discusses the efforts to restructure and revitalize the university landscape within a large-scale network of cities, especially when serving within the implications of global economics. The university’s physical space, as well as its relationship with the urban community at large, has continually evolved throughout the years; but in the late twentieth century, urban planners have come to think in terms of hybridity—a movement away from the town-and-gown urban encounters of yore and into the mutual stabilization of both city and campus. Although the urban campus has indeed become a closed environment, the boundaries of this environment have continued to expand and invigorate the local economy, what with the restoration of public infrastructure as well as its student population providing further economic opportunities for the community. The university space has become a hybrid city—one that is indistinct from the larger community in which it thrives.
Kumarini Silva
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781517900021
- eISBN:
- 9781452955179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9781517900021.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
The third chapter looks into the corollary of who belongs by questioning how the American society recognizes those who do not belong. Examining various examples of film and media, it looks to how ...
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The third chapter looks into the corollary of who belongs by questioning how the American society recognizes those who do not belong. Examining various examples of film and media, it looks to how non-belonging is produced through the framework of brown as an identification of deviance—as either humorous or terrifying. Extending this argument about belonging and connecting it to the anxieties surrounding shifts in contemporary global politics and economics, the chapter juxtaposes the construction of space and place outside the homeland. By using humor in the space and place of visual representation, narrative media confirms the antibrown sentiments by highlighting their differences from a mythic American “norm” that is largely signified through Whiteness.Less
The third chapter looks into the corollary of who belongs by questioning how the American society recognizes those who do not belong. Examining various examples of film and media, it looks to how non-belonging is produced through the framework of brown as an identification of deviance—as either humorous or terrifying. Extending this argument about belonging and connecting it to the anxieties surrounding shifts in contemporary global politics and economics, the chapter juxtaposes the construction of space and place outside the homeland. By using humor in the space and place of visual representation, narrative media confirms the antibrown sentiments by highlighting their differences from a mythic American “norm” that is largely signified through Whiteness.
