R. D. Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198206606
- eISBN:
- 9780191717307
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206606.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The unification of Germany in 1871 left universities under the control of individual states, but they had common national characteristics, and Prussian influence was strong. Expansion of university ...
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The unification of Germany in 1871 left universities under the control of individual states, but they had common national characteristics, and Prussian influence was strong. Expansion of university numbers enlarged the academic profession, though there were divisions between the established professors and the growing number without full chairs. The growth of the natural sciences was strong, and connected with the success of German industry. Some growth was directed into the more practical Technische Hochschulen. In the late 19th century, these sought the same rights as universities to award doctorates, with a parallel debate over whether modern as well as classical secondary education should qualify for university entry. By 1900 the modernists had got their way. The foundation of the Kaiser–Wilhelm–Gesellschaft in 1911 marked the arrival of 20th-century ‘big science’, and a departure from the old idea of the union of research and teaching.Less
The unification of Germany in 1871 left universities under the control of individual states, but they had common national characteristics, and Prussian influence was strong. Expansion of university numbers enlarged the academic profession, though there were divisions between the established professors and the growing number without full chairs. The growth of the natural sciences was strong, and connected with the success of German industry. Some growth was directed into the more practical Technische Hochschulen. In the late 19th century, these sought the same rights as universities to award doctorates, with a parallel debate over whether modern as well as classical secondary education should qualify for university entry. By 1900 the modernists had got their way. The foundation of the Kaiser–Wilhelm–Gesellschaft in 1911 marked the arrival of 20th-century ‘big science’, and a departure from the old idea of the union of research and teaching.
Lawrence McNamara
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199231454
- eISBN:
- 9780191710858
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231454.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Law of Obligations
Without a clear sense of what reputation is, it will be difficult to make a judgment about the manner and extent of its protection under the law. To that end, this chapter commences the inquiry with ...
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Without a clear sense of what reputation is, it will be difficult to make a judgment about the manner and extent of its protection under the law. To that end, this chapter commences the inquiry with the aim of theorizing reputation. That is, it sets out to articulate the nature of the interest that the law seeks to protect. The selection of reputation, rather than defamation, as the analytical category is explained. A definition of reputation proposed that identifies community as the form of association upon which reputation rests, and it is argued that moral judgment is the central feature of reputation. This provides the best basis on which both reputation and defamation can be understood, and lays the foundations for the later resolution of some of the legal choices that the courts must make with respect to the scope and limits of protection for reputation.Less
Without a clear sense of what reputation is, it will be difficult to make a judgment about the manner and extent of its protection under the law. To that end, this chapter commences the inquiry with the aim of theorizing reputation. That is, it sets out to articulate the nature of the interest that the law seeks to protect. The selection of reputation, rather than defamation, as the analytical category is explained. A definition of reputation proposed that identifies community as the form of association upon which reputation rests, and it is argued that moral judgment is the central feature of reputation. This provides the best basis on which both reputation and defamation can be understood, and lays the foundations for the later resolution of some of the legal choices that the courts must make with respect to the scope and limits of protection for reputation.
John W. Griffith
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198183006
- eISBN:
- 9780191673931
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198183006.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism, European Literature
This chapter explores concepts of tribe and detribalization. In the 19th century, the word ‘community’ in its German form — Gemeinschaft — began to take a peculiar anthropological meaning. This term ...
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This chapter explores concepts of tribe and detribalization. In the 19th century, the word ‘community’ in its German form — Gemeinschaft — began to take a peculiar anthropological meaning. This term referred to a community of intimate inter-relationships. Gemeinschaft contrasted sharply with Gesellschaft — the impersonal association of people as distinct individuals, especially in cities. These notions of cultural hermeticism and separateness often elided with nationalistic rhetoric in the Victorian era. Conrad often implied that Europe was not far removed from tribalism. Paradoxically, the imperialism at the centre of Heart of Darkness is portrayed as a form of only slightly elevated tribalism, while at the same time, it is viewed as destructive of the tribal integrity of African cultures.Less
This chapter explores concepts of tribe and detribalization. In the 19th century, the word ‘community’ in its German form — Gemeinschaft — began to take a peculiar anthropological meaning. This term referred to a community of intimate inter-relationships. Gemeinschaft contrasted sharply with Gesellschaft — the impersonal association of people as distinct individuals, especially in cities. These notions of cultural hermeticism and separateness often elided with nationalistic rhetoric in the Victorian era. Conrad often implied that Europe was not far removed from tribalism. Paradoxically, the imperialism at the centre of Heart of Darkness is portrayed as a form of only slightly elevated tribalism, while at the same time, it is viewed as destructive of the tribal integrity of African cultures.
Michael Beurskens and Ulrich Noack
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199795208
- eISBN:
- 9780199919307
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199795208.003.0030
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
The Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH—Private Limited Company) is the most popular organizational form for businesses in Germany—there were almost one million such entities in 2007. Not ...
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The Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH—Private Limited Company) is the most popular organizational form for businesses in Germany—there were almost one million such entities in 2007. Not only is the GmbH popular for entrepreneurs, but it also serves a role in company groups, and can be more or less easily upgraded to an Aktiengesellschaft (AG—public corporation). Few changes have been made to the statute since its inception in the late 19th century. This chapter discusses the reform of the GmbH.Less
The Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH—Private Limited Company) is the most popular organizational form for businesses in Germany—there were almost one million such entities in 2007. Not only is the GmbH popular for entrepreneurs, but it also serves a role in company groups, and can be more or less easily upgraded to an Aktiengesellschaft (AG—public corporation). Few changes have been made to the statute since its inception in the late 19th century. This chapter discusses the reform of the GmbH.
Daniel J. Levine
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199916061
- eISBN:
- 9780199980246
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199916061.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
In Chapter 4 and 5, the case study format developed for realism is extended to two variants within what is broadly considered “liberal” IR. Chapter 4 explores liberal IR written from a ...
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In Chapter 4 and 5, the case study format developed for realism is extended to two variants within what is broadly considered “liberal” IR. Chapter 4 explores liberal IR written from a “communitarian” perspective: David Mitrany’s functionalism (with its roots in the Fabian tradition), and the more systematic work of Karl Deutsch and Emanuel Adler.Less
In Chapter 4 and 5, the case study format developed for realism is extended to two variants within what is broadly considered “liberal” IR. Chapter 4 explores liberal IR written from a “communitarian” perspective: David Mitrany’s functionalism (with its roots in the Fabian tradition), and the more systematic work of Karl Deutsch and Emanuel Adler.
Daniel J. Levine
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199916061
- eISBN:
- 9780199980246
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199916061.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Mirroring the case study format developed in the previous two chapters, discussion is extended to “individualist” liberal IR theory: the work of Ernst Haas, Keohane and Nye, and Katzenstein and Sil.
Mirroring the case study format developed in the previous two chapters, discussion is extended to “individualist” liberal IR theory: the work of Ernst Haas, Keohane and Nye, and Katzenstein and Sil.
Janek Wasserman
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452871
- eISBN:
- 9780801455223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452871.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter explores the evolution of Black Vienna in the early interwar years. Focusing on the Austrian Catholic scientific society, the Leo-Gesellschaft, and the most influential Central European ...
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This chapter explores the evolution of Black Vienna in the early interwar years. Focusing on the Austrian Catholic scientific society, the Leo-Gesellschaft, and the most influential Central European conservative journal Das neue Reich, it examines how conservatives defined the concept of “the intellectual” and appealed to that class. It reveals that although interwar Vienna voted red, blacks maintained hegemony in intellectual and cultural life. Intellectuals—divided before the war over questions of German nationalism and the place of Catholicism in Austrian and German conservatism—came together to combat the socialism, “Judaism,” and capitalism of the First Republic. The Black Viennese field radicalized over time in response to worsening economic and political conditions. The successes of radicals like Das neue Reich editor Joseph Eberle showed the weakness of democratic and moderate ideologies in Austrian conservative thought and foreshadowed Austria's fascist turn.Less
This chapter explores the evolution of Black Vienna in the early interwar years. Focusing on the Austrian Catholic scientific society, the Leo-Gesellschaft, and the most influential Central European conservative journal Das neue Reich, it examines how conservatives defined the concept of “the intellectual” and appealed to that class. It reveals that although interwar Vienna voted red, blacks maintained hegemony in intellectual and cultural life. Intellectuals—divided before the war over questions of German nationalism and the place of Catholicism in Austrian and German conservatism—came together to combat the socialism, “Judaism,” and capitalism of the First Republic. The Black Viennese field radicalized over time in response to worsening economic and political conditions. The successes of radicals like Das neue Reich editor Joseph Eberle showed the weakness of democratic and moderate ideologies in Austrian conservative thought and foreshadowed Austria's fascist turn.
Steven B. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300198393
- eISBN:
- 9780300220988
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300198393.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Hegel represents the apotheosis of the bourgeois world of early modernity in its confidence and optimism. His image of civil society, or burgerliche Gesellschaft, was the site of the rule of law, the ...
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Hegel represents the apotheosis of the bourgeois world of early modernity in its confidence and optimism. His image of civil society, or burgerliche Gesellschaft, was the site of the rule of law, the market economy, and a world governed by individual self-interest, and free “subjectivity.” Hegel’s historical interpretation of modern civil society drew on the works of modern secular thinkers like David Hume and Adam Smith, but he also traced the modern bourgeois world back to Christianity, with its belief in the freedom and dignity of the individual. He gave modernity a theological interpretation that was furiously resisted by Marx and later Nietzsche. Hegel anticipated many of the problems of the modern marketplace, especially poverty and the creation of a permanently unemployed underclass, but this did not stop him from regarding the modern world as the pinnacle of world history.Less
Hegel represents the apotheosis of the bourgeois world of early modernity in its confidence and optimism. His image of civil society, or burgerliche Gesellschaft, was the site of the rule of law, the market economy, and a world governed by individual self-interest, and free “subjectivity.” Hegel’s historical interpretation of modern civil society drew on the works of modern secular thinkers like David Hume and Adam Smith, but he also traced the modern bourgeois world back to Christianity, with its belief in the freedom and dignity of the individual. He gave modernity a theological interpretation that was furiously resisted by Marx and later Nietzsche. Hegel anticipated many of the problems of the modern marketplace, especially poverty and the creation of a permanently unemployed underclass, but this did not stop him from regarding the modern world as the pinnacle of world history.
Michael J. Socolow
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040702
- eISBN:
- 9780252099144
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040702.003.0007
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Radio
This chapter focuses on the coverage of the highly anticipated Grünau regatta. Widespread newspaper coverage created additional publicity for the regatta and further primed the audience for the ...
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This chapter focuses on the coverage of the highly anticipated Grünau regatta. Widespread newspaper coverage created additional publicity for the regatta and further primed the audience for the broadcast. During the regatta, the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft (RRG)—Germany's National Broadcasting Company—sent its “flying broadcasting squad” out to the racecourse to accommodate the commentators. The supplemental vans composing the squad were “drawn together from all over the Reich” and carried shortwave relay transmitters. They guaranteed live broadcast capability for all the organizations seeking to transmit. Additional mobile recording facilities were also made available. Meanwhile, the competing teams continued their training patterns as broadcast preparations were finalized.Less
This chapter focuses on the coverage of the highly anticipated Grünau regatta. Widespread newspaper coverage created additional publicity for the regatta and further primed the audience for the broadcast. During the regatta, the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft (RRG)—Germany's National Broadcasting Company—sent its “flying broadcasting squad” out to the racecourse to accommodate the commentators. The supplemental vans composing the squad were “drawn together from all over the Reich” and carried shortwave relay transmitters. They guaranteed live broadcast capability for all the organizations seeking to transmit. Additional mobile recording facilities were also made available. Meanwhile, the competing teams continued their training patterns as broadcast preparations were finalized.
Eugene O’Brien
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526101068
- eISBN:
- 9781526124197
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526101068.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter examines the implications for Irish Catholicism that the ‘Yes’ vote in the May 2015 referendum on same-sex marriage may have for the social and cultural position of the Catholic church ...
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This chapter examines the implications for Irish Catholicism that the ‘Yes’ vote in the May 2015 referendum on same-sex marriage may have for the social and cultural position of the Catholic church in contemporary Ireland and in the future. His analysis channels the thinking of Ferdinand Tönnies, an early German sociologist and a contemporary of Durkheim and Weber, who used the German words ‘Gemeinschaft’ and ‘Gesellschaft’ to distinguish between two fundamentally different structural paradigms for social relations. O’Brien sees marriage as a core ideological signifier of ideological hegemony, and using the fantasy fiction of Terry Pratchett’s satire on religion entitled Small Gods as a lens, he looks at the referendum as a significant turning point in the definition of marriage, and by extension, in the transformation Irish society from the organic community of the Gemeinschaft, to the more postmodern and pluralist notion of the Gesellschaft.Less
This chapter examines the implications for Irish Catholicism that the ‘Yes’ vote in the May 2015 referendum on same-sex marriage may have for the social and cultural position of the Catholic church in contemporary Ireland and in the future. His analysis channels the thinking of Ferdinand Tönnies, an early German sociologist and a contemporary of Durkheim and Weber, who used the German words ‘Gemeinschaft’ and ‘Gesellschaft’ to distinguish between two fundamentally different structural paradigms for social relations. O’Brien sees marriage as a core ideological signifier of ideological hegemony, and using the fantasy fiction of Terry Pratchett’s satire on religion entitled Small Gods as a lens, he looks at the referendum as a significant turning point in the definition of marriage, and by extension, in the transformation Irish society from the organic community of the Gemeinschaft, to the more postmodern and pluralist notion of the Gesellschaft.
Robert Pinker
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447323556
- eISBN:
- 9781447323570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323556.003.0013
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
In this chapter, Robert Pinker discusses the idea of ‘Golden Age’ theories in social policy thought and what he calls ‘welfare alchemists’ whose visions these theories encapsulate. According to ...
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In this chapter, Robert Pinker discusses the idea of ‘Golden Age’ theories in social policy thought and what he calls ‘welfare alchemists’ whose visions these theories encapsulate. According to Pinker, these grand theories are in reality ideologies and can be collectivist or individualist in origin. Regardless of their origins, however, they fail to address the need for the compromises between values which are reached in pluralist and democratic social contexts. Pinker also provides an overview of the influence of classical political economy and the New Right on British social policies under different Conservative governments and goes on to describe socialism as a repository of Golden Age theorizing, along with the concept of community in relation to welfare pluralism. Finally, he examines the institutions of Gesellschaft and Gemeinschaft as well as the traditions of collectivism and individualism, arguing that they should not continue to coexist in democratic societies.Less
In this chapter, Robert Pinker discusses the idea of ‘Golden Age’ theories in social policy thought and what he calls ‘welfare alchemists’ whose visions these theories encapsulate. According to Pinker, these grand theories are in reality ideologies and can be collectivist or individualist in origin. Regardless of their origins, however, they fail to address the need for the compromises between values which are reached in pluralist and democratic social contexts. Pinker also provides an overview of the influence of classical political economy and the New Right on British social policies under different Conservative governments and goes on to describe socialism as a repository of Golden Age theorizing, along with the concept of community in relation to welfare pluralism. Finally, he examines the institutions of Gesellschaft and Gemeinschaft as well as the traditions of collectivism and individualism, arguing that they should not continue to coexist in democratic societies.
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804763103
- eISBN:
- 9780804779098
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804763103.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
In 1926, James Franck went to Stockholm to receive the 1925 Nobel Prize in physics, which he shared with Gustav Hertz for their experiments supporting Neil Bohr's theory of the atom. He then began to ...
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In 1926, James Franck went to Stockholm to receive the 1925 Nobel Prize in physics, which he shared with Gustav Hertz for their experiments supporting Neil Bohr's theory of the atom. He then began to investigate absorption spectra of alkali halides with Heinrich Kuhn and Günter Rollefson. Franck, Born, and Pohl founded a regional branch of the German Physical Society, the Gauverein Niedersachsen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft and they spoke about their research on adsorption catalysis in its semi-annual conventions.Less
In 1926, James Franck went to Stockholm to receive the 1925 Nobel Prize in physics, which he shared with Gustav Hertz for their experiments supporting Neil Bohr's theory of the atom. He then began to investigate absorption spectra of alkali halides with Heinrich Kuhn and Günter Rollefson. Franck, Born, and Pohl founded a regional branch of the German Physical Society, the Gauverein Niedersachsen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft and they spoke about their research on adsorption catalysis in its semi-annual conventions.
Patricia M. Greenfield
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199840694
- eISBN:
- 9780199932726
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199840694.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter reviews research on social change and human development that has culminated in the author’s Theory of Social Change and Human Development. At the heart of the theory is the notion that ...
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This chapter reviews research on social change and human development that has culminated in the author’s Theory of Social Change and Human Development. At the heart of the theory is the notion that sociodemographic factors drive cultural values, learning environments, and, ultimately, developmental trajectories. Changing sociodemographic conditions transform these values, environments, and pathways. The author’s research in Senegal, Mexico, the United States, and Italy demonstrates that the dominant direction of global social change—from subsistence to commerce, village to city, informal education at home to formal education at school, and low technology to high technology—results in more individualistic values, greater independence from family, more innovative thinking, and more abstract cognition. The theory has applicability to social change within a country and among migrants who change countries, as well as to both basic and applied research.Less
This chapter reviews research on social change and human development that has culminated in the author’s Theory of Social Change and Human Development. At the heart of the theory is the notion that sociodemographic factors drive cultural values, learning environments, and, ultimately, developmental trajectories. Changing sociodemographic conditions transform these values, environments, and pathways. The author’s research in Senegal, Mexico, the United States, and Italy demonstrates that the dominant direction of global social change—from subsistence to commerce, village to city, informal education at home to formal education at school, and low technology to high technology—results in more individualistic values, greater independence from family, more innovative thinking, and more abstract cognition. The theory has applicability to social change within a country and among migrants who change countries, as well as to both basic and applied research.
Joe Perry
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807833643
- eISBN:
- 9781469604947
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807899410_perry.6
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter suggests that the holiday opened space for the construction and enactment of social and political difference, and notes that in the late nineteenth century, German Jews, Social ...
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This chapter suggests that the holiday opened space for the construction and enactment of social and political difference, and notes that in the late nineteenth century, German Jews, Social Democrats, and working-class Germans shaped their own versions of Christmas. It explains that the alternative narratives and celebrations devised by these outsider groups drew on but also challenged the assumptions of bourgeois festivity. The chapter notes that sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies believed that celebrations such as Christmas could heal the fractures in the German body politic by recovering a sense of authentic Gemeinschaft (community) in the midst of an alienated modern Gesellschaft (society).Less
This chapter suggests that the holiday opened space for the construction and enactment of social and political difference, and notes that in the late nineteenth century, German Jews, Social Democrats, and working-class Germans shaped their own versions of Christmas. It explains that the alternative narratives and celebrations devised by these outsider groups drew on but also challenged the assumptions of bourgeois festivity. The chapter notes that sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies believed that celebrations such as Christmas could heal the fractures in the German body politic by recovering a sense of authentic Gemeinschaft (community) in the midst of an alienated modern Gesellschaft (society).
Charles Heckscher
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198708551
- eISBN:
- 9780191779503
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198708551.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation, Organization Studies
This chapter tells the story of community in the modern era, from the Renaissance to the present. Driven by the impulse for freedom from the shackles of the traditional order, it rebuilt trust on the ...
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This chapter tells the story of community in the modern era, from the Renaissance to the present. Driven by the impulse for freedom from the shackles of the traditional order, it rebuilt trust on the basis of voluntary association and moral equality. The extension of this basic sense of right into every aspect of life, from politics to civil society to intimate relations, took centuries of struggle, and invention.Less
This chapter tells the story of community in the modern era, from the Renaissance to the present. Driven by the impulse for freedom from the shackles of the traditional order, it rebuilt trust on the basis of voluntary association and moral equality. The extension of this basic sense of right into every aspect of life, from politics to civil society to intimate relations, took centuries of struggle, and invention.
Jeffrey S. Sposato
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190616953
- eISBN:
- 9780190616984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190616953.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter is the first of three chapters to look at the relationship between a Thomaskantor, who oversaw the church music, and a Kapellmeister (music director) of the public concerts. Thomaskantor ...
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This chapter is the first of three chapters to look at the relationship between a Thomaskantor, who oversaw the church music, and a Kapellmeister (music director) of the public concerts. Thomaskantor Johann Friedrich Doles and Kapellmeister Johann Adam Hiller are highlighted. The chapter examines developments in church music repertoire under Johann Sebastian Bach; his immediate successor, Gottlob Harrer; and Doles. Hiller began his career in Leipzig as director of the public Grosse Concert in 1743. After directing the Musikübende Gesellschaft and the Gewandhaus orchestra, he became Thomaskantor in 1789. Public concert music under Hiller continued to be heavily influenced by trends in church music. Hiller replaced Doles as Thomaskantor in 1789.Less
This chapter is the first of three chapters to look at the relationship between a Thomaskantor, who oversaw the church music, and a Kapellmeister (music director) of the public concerts. Thomaskantor Johann Friedrich Doles and Kapellmeister Johann Adam Hiller are highlighted. The chapter examines developments in church music repertoire under Johann Sebastian Bach; his immediate successor, Gottlob Harrer; and Doles. Hiller began his career in Leipzig as director of the public Grosse Concert in 1743. After directing the Musikübende Gesellschaft and the Gewandhaus orchestra, he became Thomaskantor in 1789. Public concert music under Hiller continued to be heavily influenced by trends in church music. Hiller replaced Doles as Thomaskantor in 1789.
Gervase Rosser
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198201571
- eISBN:
- 9780191779022
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201571.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
The medieval guilds—not merely craft-based organizations, but fraternities of all kinds—are introduced in the context of the perennial question of the grounds of possibility of human society. To ...
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The medieval guilds—not merely craft-based organizations, but fraternities of all kinds—are introduced in the context of the perennial question of the grounds of possibility of human society. To review the guilds’ response is also to engage with the current state of that question. What is the place of local organizations within the state? Are voluntary associations cradles of citizenship, or threats to public order? To prepare the ground for fresh analysis, older debates are here reviewed. The hypothesized opposition between ‘community’ and ‘the individual’ is problematized, and a different paradigm is proposed, drawing upon a definition of the person as comprising both inner and outer aspects. The guilds created a space within which the relationship between those aspects could be negotiated. The book is not an institutional history, but focuses instead on the social, political, and moral processes which were catalysed by participation in these diverse associations.Less
The medieval guilds—not merely craft-based organizations, but fraternities of all kinds—are introduced in the context of the perennial question of the grounds of possibility of human society. To review the guilds’ response is also to engage with the current state of that question. What is the place of local organizations within the state? Are voluntary associations cradles of citizenship, or threats to public order? To prepare the ground for fresh analysis, older debates are here reviewed. The hypothesized opposition between ‘community’ and ‘the individual’ is problematized, and a different paradigm is proposed, drawing upon a definition of the person as comprising both inner and outer aspects. The guilds created a space within which the relationship between those aspects could be negotiated. The book is not an institutional history, but focuses instead on the social, political, and moral processes which were catalysed by participation in these diverse associations.
