Elliot Kendall
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199542642
- eISBN:
- 9780191715419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199542642.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This chapter brings together all the arguments presented in the book regarding the importance of the great household to late 14th-century England. It summarizes the political positions developed in ...
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This chapter brings together all the arguments presented in the book regarding the importance of the great household to late 14th-century England. It summarizes the political positions developed in Gower's Confessio Amantis and the poem's profound influence on contemporary ways of thinking regarding the roles of the gentry, nobility, and royalty and their feelings of responsibility to the political economy, and the subsequent impact of this view of society.Less
This chapter brings together all the arguments presented in the book regarding the importance of the great household to late 14th-century England. It summarizes the political positions developed in Gower's Confessio Amantis and the poem's profound influence on contemporary ways of thinking regarding the roles of the gentry, nobility, and royalty and their feelings of responsibility to the political economy, and the subsequent impact of this view of society.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
The gentry were acutely law-minded. This was as true in the late 13th and early 14th centuries as ever it was to be later. At the heart of this law-mindedness was the need and the determination to ...
More
The gentry were acutely law-minded. This was as true in the late 13th and early 14th centuries as ever it was to be later. At the heart of this law-mindedness was the need and the determination to protect their estates; perhaps one should say to protect their family and their estates, for in their thinking the two were essentially interchangeable. Protection has, of course, a purely physical dimension, and there can hardly have been a secular lord who would not have subscribed to the ethic of the strong, sword-bearing right arm in defence of one's rights. However, as historians have come to recognize, the real knee-jerk reaction if one's property was threatened was to the law, principally and increasingly throughout the 13th century and beyond to the courts of the English common law. It is a truism that this was a litigious age and that the gentry were litigious by predilection. Their law-mindedness, however, became so much a part of gentry behaviour as to be more than just a propensity to seek out writs and legal remedies. Rather it became deeply rooted in gentry culture itself. This aspect of gentry culture has a series of interlocking dimensions and an examination of these will be the subject of this chapter.Less
The gentry were acutely law-minded. This was as true in the late 13th and early 14th centuries as ever it was to be later. At the heart of this law-mindedness was the need and the determination to protect their estates; perhaps one should say to protect their family and their estates, for in their thinking the two were essentially interchangeable. Protection has, of course, a purely physical dimension, and there can hardly have been a secular lord who would not have subscribed to the ethic of the strong, sword-bearing right arm in defence of one's rights. However, as historians have come to recognize, the real knee-jerk reaction if one's property was threatened was to the law, principally and increasingly throughout the 13th century and beyond to the courts of the English common law. It is a truism that this was a litigious age and that the gentry were litigious by predilection. Their law-mindedness, however, became so much a part of gentry behaviour as to be more than just a propensity to seek out writs and legal remedies. Rather it became deeply rooted in gentry culture itself. This aspect of gentry culture has a series of interlocking dimensions and an examination of these will be the subject of this chapter.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter examines the literature that was available to be read in the gentry household. It shows that the impact of widening literacy upon gentry culture was central: in keeping household and ...
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This chapter examines the literature that was available to be read in the gentry household. It shows that the impact of widening literacy upon gentry culture was central: in keeping household and estate records, in religious observance, and in giving access to a variety of practical remedies. A good deal is known about some aspects of this culture because legal manuscripts, for example, and illuminated prayer-books have been deliberately preserved for posterity. Recreational manuscripts, on the other hand, were probably less often kept. What is certain is that for some gentry families, at least, literacy was also valued for entertainment purposes.Less
This chapter examines the literature that was available to be read in the gentry household. It shows that the impact of widening literacy upon gentry culture was central: in keeping household and estate records, in religious observance, and in giving access to a variety of practical remedies. A good deal is known about some aspects of this culture because legal manuscripts, for example, and illuminated prayer-books have been deliberately preserved for posterity. Recreational manuscripts, on the other hand, were probably less often kept. What is certain is that for some gentry families, at least, literacy was also valued for entertainment purposes.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter examines the military dimension to gentry life. Although there had always been a military component to the lives of the English nobility, the period from the middle years of Edward I ...
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This chapter examines the military dimension to gentry life. Although there had always been a military component to the lives of the English nobility, the period from the middle years of Edward I through the reigns of Edward II and Edward III saw what has been described as the ‘re-militarisation’ of the ‘gentle-born’. The result was a very powerful and wide-ranging military dimension to English culture that deeply permeated the counties. Not surprisingly heads of gentry houses and many other male members of the gentry families tended to see themselves in military terms.Less
This chapter examines the military dimension to gentry life. Although there had always been a military component to the lives of the English nobility, the period from the middle years of Edward I through the reigns of Edward II and Edward III saw what has been described as the ‘re-militarisation’ of the ‘gentle-born’. The result was a very powerful and wide-ranging military dimension to English culture that deeply permeated the counties. Not surprisingly heads of gentry houses and many other male members of the gentry families tended to see themselves in military terms.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter discusses the material culture of the gentry household by examining the accounts of the Multons. The manorial accounts of 1324-6 tell us a great deal about the rebuilding and repairs at ...
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This chapter discusses the material culture of the gentry household by examining the accounts of the Multons. The manorial accounts of 1324-6 tell us a great deal about the rebuilding and repairs at Frampton following the long wardship of Thomas de Multon IV. They tell us that some basic refurbishing had to be undertaken. household accounts for 1343-4 and for 1347-8. household. For the next generation, that of John de Multon I, household accounts for 1343-4 and for 1347-8 contains, in addition to the usual diet account, a further account on the dorse of the roll entitled ‘Necessary and Foreign Expenses’. Its vantage point is that of the lord, who was itinerant, and it records purchases made for him and moneys disbursed by him and his officials as he travelled around Lincolnshire.Less
This chapter discusses the material culture of the gentry household by examining the accounts of the Multons. The manorial accounts of 1324-6 tell us a great deal about the rebuilding and repairs at Frampton following the long wardship of Thomas de Multon IV. They tell us that some basic refurbishing had to be undertaken. household accounts for 1343-4 and for 1347-8. household. For the next generation, that of John de Multon I, household accounts for 1343-4 and for 1347-8 contains, in addition to the usual diet account, a further account on the dorse of the roll entitled ‘Necessary and Foreign Expenses’. Its vantage point is that of the lord, who was itinerant, and it records purchases made for him and moneys disbursed by him and his officials as he travelled around Lincolnshire.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter aims to reach a balanced view of the gentry household as a home, as a social organism or institution, and as a feature of the social landscape. It will ask a series of important ...
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This chapter aims to reach a balanced view of the gentry household as a home, as a social organism or institution, and as a feature of the social landscape. It will ask a series of important questions, most of them deceptively simple in the asking. Who lived there? Who were the servants and what did they actually do? What were the social relationships involved? How self-contained was the gentry household and how did it relate to the wider world? Who visited the gentry at home? Or, to put the matter another way, for whose benefit was all the display intended? Who saw and appreciated it?Less
This chapter aims to reach a balanced view of the gentry household as a home, as a social organism or institution, and as a feature of the social landscape. It will ask a series of important questions, most of them deceptively simple in the asking. Who lived there? Who were the servants and what did they actually do? What were the social relationships involved? How self-contained was the gentry household and how did it relate to the wider world? Who visited the gentry at home? Or, to put the matter another way, for whose benefit was all the display intended? Who saw and appreciated it?
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter examines the degree to which gentry estates were commercially orientated. It shows that consumption needs were of vital importance, but landowners in general, or at least their ...
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This chapter examines the degree to which gentry estates were commercially orientated. It shows that consumption needs were of vital importance, but landowners in general, or at least their officials, required a degree of commercial sense if manors were to be run successfully. Although the search for agrarian capitalism in this period has tended to muddy the waters and there was no new spirit of enterprise enveloping the smaller landowners, it remains likely that some of the gentry were interested in estate management and even in farming techniques.Less
This chapter examines the degree to which gentry estates were commercially orientated. It shows that consumption needs were of vital importance, but landowners in general, or at least their officials, required a degree of commercial sense if manors were to be run successfully. Although the search for agrarian capitalism in this period has tended to muddy the waters and there was no new spirit of enterprise enveloping the smaller landowners, it remains likely that some of the gentry were interested in estate management and even in farming techniques.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter examines two relationships: the relationship between the gentry and towns, and that between the gentry and the elites of urban society. These are among the least explored subjects within ...
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This chapter examines two relationships: the relationship between the gentry and towns, and that between the gentry and the elites of urban society. These are among the least explored subjects within gentry studies, yet they are of vital importance in terms of understanding the evolution of the gentry and its culture.Less
This chapter examines two relationships: the relationship between the gentry and towns, and that between the gentry and the elites of urban society. These are among the least explored subjects within gentry studies, yet they are of vital importance in terms of understanding the evolution of the gentry and its culture.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This introductory chapter begins by setting out the purpose of the book, which is to show how the English gentry was formed in an accelerating process from the latter half of the 13th century to the ...
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This introductory chapter begins by setting out the purpose of the book, which is to show how the English gentry was formed in an accelerating process from the latter half of the 13th century to the middle decades of the 14th. Emphasis is placed upon two analytically separated but interconnected phenomena: the development of a partnership in governance between the state and the lesser nobility on the one hand, and on the other the internal dynamics within the lesser nobility itself which led to the crystallization of a graded and relatively stable gentry. It then presents an overview of the various aspects of gentry life.Less
This introductory chapter begins by setting out the purpose of the book, which is to show how the English gentry was formed in an accelerating process from the latter half of the 13th century to the middle decades of the 14th. Emphasis is placed upon two analytically separated but interconnected phenomena: the development of a partnership in governance between the state and the lesser nobility on the one hand, and on the other the internal dynamics within the lesser nobility itself which led to the crystallization of a graded and relatively stable gentry. It then presents an overview of the various aspects of gentry life.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter examines two estates whose records survive in the archive of the Multons of Frampton. One is Frampton itself, the home farm of the Multons. It represents the knightly, more established, ...
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This chapter examines two estates whose records survive in the archive of the Multons of Frampton. One is Frampton itself, the home farm of the Multons. It represents the knightly, more established, end of the gentry spectrum. The other is the estate of the Cobeldykes, centring upon Wyberton, representing the sub-knightly stratum of the gentry whose upward striving did so much to broaden and strengthen the character of the gentry. Their meagre patrimony was boosted by the profits of service of various kinds. The fact that their respective account rolls are both from precisely the same period, the mid- to late-1320s, makes their comparison all the more valuable. These estates are examined in terms of both their structure and their exploitation.Less
This chapter examines two estates whose records survive in the archive of the Multons of Frampton. One is Frampton itself, the home farm of the Multons. It represents the knightly, more established, end of the gentry spectrum. The other is the estate of the Cobeldykes, centring upon Wyberton, representing the sub-knightly stratum of the gentry whose upward striving did so much to broaden and strengthen the character of the gentry. Their meagre patrimony was boosted by the profits of service of various kinds. The fact that their respective account rolls are both from precisely the same period, the mid- to late-1320s, makes their comparison all the more valuable. These estates are examined in terms of both their structure and their exploitation.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
The household was the principal locus of gentry consumption, the manor that of production. They were of course closely linked, with the one largely dependent upon the other. The previous chapter ...
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The household was the principal locus of gentry consumption, the manor that of production. They were of course closely linked, with the one largely dependent upon the other. The previous chapter showed some of the constant interaction that took place between the two. This chapter focuses on the gentry's relationships with their tenants. The history of the relationship between the Multons and their tenants is lacking in spectacular or sensational episodes. Indeed, it comes across as mundane, even humdrum. All the evidence suggests, however, that the Multons of Frampton — at least as far as the early to mid-14th century is concerned — were a gentry family who were not especially rapacious towards their tenants, but were nonetheless very conscious of their rights and made the most of the opportunities they had to take what they could from their tenants.Less
The household was the principal locus of gentry consumption, the manor that of production. They were of course closely linked, with the one largely dependent upon the other. The previous chapter showed some of the constant interaction that took place between the two. This chapter focuses on the gentry's relationships with their tenants. The history of the relationship between the Multons and their tenants is lacking in spectacular or sensational episodes. Indeed, it comes across as mundane, even humdrum. All the evidence suggests, however, that the Multons of Frampton — at least as far as the early to mid-14th century is concerned — were a gentry family who were not especially rapacious towards their tenants, but were nonetheless very conscious of their rights and made the most of the opportunities they had to take what they could from their tenants.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Religious belief and practice are central to the understanding of any, or at least almost any, culture. As far as the gentry is concerned religious sensibility and religious observance immediately ...
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Religious belief and practice are central to the understanding of any, or at least almost any, culture. As far as the gentry is concerned religious sensibility and religious observance immediately raise issues around internal and external worlds and around the possibility of a fundamental dichotomy between private and public spheres. However unwittingly, the historian cannot help but have one eye on the Reformation and the debates it engenders. This chapter approaches the religion of the gentry in its formative period, initially though the uniquely revealing phenomenon of the private chapel. It examines belief and worship in their most intimate setting: in the curia itself. It focuses on a particularly significant development that would govern the role of the gentry within the church for many centuries — the shift in patronage and support from the religious orders to the parish church.Less
Religious belief and practice are central to the understanding of any, or at least almost any, culture. As far as the gentry is concerned religious sensibility and religious observance immediately raise issues around internal and external worlds and around the possibility of a fundamental dichotomy between private and public spheres. However unwittingly, the historian cannot help but have one eye on the Reformation and the debates it engenders. This chapter approaches the religion of the gentry in its formative period, initially though the uniquely revealing phenomenon of the private chapel. It examines belief and worship in their most intimate setting: in the curia itself. It focuses on a particularly significant development that would govern the role of the gentry within the church for many centuries — the shift in patronage and support from the religious orders to the parish church.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter examines the changes that were affecting the parish church more generally in the 13th century in order to understand both the motivation behind the gentry's tightening grip between over ...
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This chapter examines the changes that were affecting the parish church more generally in the 13th century in order to understand both the motivation behind the gentry's tightening grip between over parish churches and its effects. In the 13th century, St Thomas Aquinas, observing that it was praiseworthy to beautify a church, also commended the building of monuments because they incited men to pray for the souls of the departed. The clergy were bound to pray for their benefactors and by the late 13th century it was a common theological position that monuments were an aide-memoire to such prayer. Sometimes a parish church must have been totally dominated by the image of the lord and, coincidentally therefore, of lordship.Less
This chapter examines the changes that were affecting the parish church more generally in the 13th century in order to understand both the motivation behind the gentry's tightening grip between over parish churches and its effects. In the 13th century, St Thomas Aquinas, observing that it was praiseworthy to beautify a church, also commended the building of monuments because they incited men to pray for the souls of the departed. The clergy were bound to pray for their benefactors and by the late 13th century it was a common theological position that monuments were an aide-memoire to such prayer. Sometimes a parish church must have been totally dominated by the image of the lord and, coincidentally therefore, of lordship.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This book examines the formative years of the English gentry. In doing so, it explains their lasting characteristics during a long history as a social elite, including adaptability to change and ...
More
This book examines the formative years of the English gentry. In doing so, it explains their lasting characteristics during a long history as a social elite, including adaptability to change and openness to upward mobility from below, chiefly from the professions. Revolving around the rich archive left by the Multons of Frampton in South Lincolnshire, the book explores the material culture of the gentry, their concern with fashion, and their obsession with display. It pays close attention to the visitors to their homes, and to the social relationships between men and women. The book shows that the gentry household was a literate community, within a literate local world, and he studies closely the consumption of literature, paying particular attention to household entertainment. Beyond their households, the gentry could assert their pre-eminence in the local community through involvement with the Church and the management of their estates. Treating the relationship between gentry and Church in both devotional and institutional terms, the book shows how religious practice was a means for the gentry to assert social dominance, and they increasingly treated the Church as a career path for their kin. Protecting their estates was of similar importance, and legal expertise was highly prized — it consequently provided a major means of entry into the gentry, as well as offering further opportunities for younger sons. Overall, the book reveals that the cultural horizons of the gentry were essentially local. Nevertheless there were wider dimensions, and the book concludes with observations on how national and chivalric concerns interacted with the rhythms of regional life.Less
This book examines the formative years of the English gentry. In doing so, it explains their lasting characteristics during a long history as a social elite, including adaptability to change and openness to upward mobility from below, chiefly from the professions. Revolving around the rich archive left by the Multons of Frampton in South Lincolnshire, the book explores the material culture of the gentry, their concern with fashion, and their obsession with display. It pays close attention to the visitors to their homes, and to the social relationships between men and women. The book shows that the gentry household was a literate community, within a literate local world, and he studies closely the consumption of literature, paying particular attention to household entertainment. Beyond their households, the gentry could assert their pre-eminence in the local community through involvement with the Church and the management of their estates. Treating the relationship between gentry and Church in both devotional and institutional terms, the book shows how religious practice was a means for the gentry to assert social dominance, and they increasingly treated the Church as a career path for their kin. Protecting their estates was of similar importance, and legal expertise was highly prized — it consequently provided a major means of entry into the gentry, as well as offering further opportunities for younger sons. Overall, the book reveals that the cultural horizons of the gentry were essentially local. Nevertheless there were wider dimensions, and the book concludes with observations on how national and chivalric concerns interacted with the rhythms of regional life.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
The cartulary and the new legal devices were two manifestations of an increasingly litigious society. Another was the prominence of lawyers, which is examined in this chapter. It shows that with the ...
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The cartulary and the new legal devices were two manifestations of an increasingly litigious society. Another was the prominence of lawyers, which is examined in this chapter. It shows that with the high and growing demand for practising lawyers and for men knowledgeable in the law during the later 13th and early 14th centuries, finding the means to give a potential lawyer the requisite schooling was an obvious form of investment for a family with sufficient funds to make this a realistic possibility. It might also result from pressure on income; for example where there were multiple sons to sustain.Less
The cartulary and the new legal devices were two manifestations of an increasingly litigious society. Another was the prominence of lawyers, which is examined in this chapter. It shows that with the high and growing demand for practising lawyers and for men knowledgeable in the law during the later 13th and early 14th centuries, finding the means to give a potential lawyer the requisite schooling was an obvious form of investment for a family with sufficient funds to make this a realistic possibility. It might also result from pressure on income; for example where there were multiple sons to sustain.
Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter briefly reviews the range of sources that are available for the study of gentry history and introduces the families with which the study will be primarily concerned. The study focuses on ...
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This chapter briefly reviews the range of sources that are available for the study of gentry history and introduces the families with which the study will be primarily concerned. The study focuses on the archive of one particular gentry family: the Multons of Frampton. At the heart of the Multon archive is an extensive deed collection, in this instance devoted chiefly to Frampton and parts near in Holland in South Lincolnshire. The value of these deeds is further increased when the archive opens out to include estate and household records from the 1320s. They include manorial account rolls from the years 1324-5 and 1325-6, an extent of the manor at Frampton from 1326, a collector's account for the years 1330-1, and a series of manor court rolls covering the period from June 1330 to January 1332. The Multons of Frampton stemmed ultimately from the Multons of Moulton by Spalding, and were distantly related thereby to several families of the higher nobility. The key figure in the genealogy of the Multons of Moulton was Thomas de Multon who died in 1240. Thomas was immensely successful as the father of dynasties. Three sons, by two wives, came to hold the baronies of Egremont, Cockermouth, and Burgh by Sands.Less
This chapter briefly reviews the range of sources that are available for the study of gentry history and introduces the families with which the study will be primarily concerned. The study focuses on the archive of one particular gentry family: the Multons of Frampton. At the heart of the Multon archive is an extensive deed collection, in this instance devoted chiefly to Frampton and parts near in Holland in South Lincolnshire. The value of these deeds is further increased when the archive opens out to include estate and household records from the 1320s. They include manorial account rolls from the years 1324-5 and 1325-6, an extent of the manor at Frampton from 1326, a collector's account for the years 1330-1, and a series of manor court rolls covering the period from June 1330 to January 1332. The Multons of Frampton stemmed ultimately from the Multons of Moulton by Spalding, and were distantly related thereby to several families of the higher nobility. The key figure in the genealogy of the Multons of Moulton was Thomas de Multon who died in 1240. Thomas was immensely successful as the father of dynasties. Three sons, by two wives, came to hold the baronies of Egremont, Cockermouth, and Burgh by Sands.
Simon Payling
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202097
- eISBN:
- 9780191675140
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202097.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, Political History
This is a study of the political and social structure of late medieval England. It examines the wealth and political influence of a dozen Nottinghamshire families who dominated their county during ...
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This is a study of the political and social structure of late medieval England. It examines the wealth and political influence of a dozen Nottinghamshire families who dominated their county during the first half of the fifteenth century. The author’s analysis shifts the historical emphasis from the barons at the head of their affinities to the greater gentry as members of well-defined shire establishments. The study reassesses the nature of baronial-gentry relations, and establishes the true extent of the influence of the greater gentry. It is both an addition to local studies and a contribution to the historiographical debate on the role of the gentry in late medieval England.Less
This is a study of the political and social structure of late medieval England. It examines the wealth and political influence of a dozen Nottinghamshire families who dominated their county during the first half of the fifteenth century. The author’s analysis shifts the historical emphasis from the barons at the head of their affinities to the greater gentry as members of well-defined shire establishments. The study reassesses the nature of baronial-gentry relations, and establishes the true extent of the influence of the greater gentry. It is both an addition to local studies and a contribution to the historiographical debate on the role of the gentry in late medieval England.
R. W. Hoyle
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198208747
- eISBN:
- 9780191716980
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208747.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This is the first full account of the Pilgrimage of Grace since 1915. In the autumn and winter of 1536, Henry VIII faced risings first in Lincolnshire, then throughout northern England. These ...
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This is the first full account of the Pilgrimage of Grace since 1915. In the autumn and winter of 1536, Henry VIII faced risings first in Lincolnshire, then throughout northern England. These rebellions posed the greatest threat of any encountered by a Tudor monarch. The Pilgrimage of Grace has traditionally been assumed to have been a spontaneous protest against the Dissolution of the Monasteries, but this lively and intriguing study reveals the full story. The book examines the origins of the rebellions in Louth and their spread; it offers new interpretations of the behaviour of many of the leading rebels, including Robert Aske and Thomas Darcy. It also reveals how the engine behind the uprising was the commons, and notably the artisans, of some of the smaller northern towns. Casting new light on the personality of Henry VIII himself, it shows how the gentry of the North worked to dismantle the movement and help the crown neutralise it by guile as events unfolded towards their often tragic conclusions.Less
This is the first full account of the Pilgrimage of Grace since 1915. In the autumn and winter of 1536, Henry VIII faced risings first in Lincolnshire, then throughout northern England. These rebellions posed the greatest threat of any encountered by a Tudor monarch. The Pilgrimage of Grace has traditionally been assumed to have been a spontaneous protest against the Dissolution of the Monasteries, but this lively and intriguing study reveals the full story. The book examines the origins of the rebellions in Louth and their spread; it offers new interpretations of the behaviour of many of the leading rebels, including Robert Aske and Thomas Darcy. It also reveals how the engine behind the uprising was the commons, and notably the artisans, of some of the smaller northern towns. Casting new light on the personality of Henry VIII himself, it shows how the gentry of the North worked to dismantle the movement and help the crown neutralise it by guile as events unfolded towards their often tragic conclusions.
COLIN NEWBURY
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199257812
- eISBN:
- 9780191717864
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257812.003.11
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
The Hawaiian Kingdom was ruled by a paramount lineage through appointment of Hawaiians and Europeans to offices of state. Acceptance of laws, literacy and religion, on Hawaiian terms, maintained the ...
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The Hawaiian Kingdom was ruled by a paramount lineage through appointment of Hawaiians and Europeans to offices of state. Acceptance of laws, literacy and religion, on Hawaiian terms, maintained the primacy of the royal executive over its nobles, its ministers, and its system of island government. Foreign settlers were integrated within a Polynesian hierarchy as ‘service gentry’. Recognition by foreign powers allowed the ruling lineage to manage a Pacific state by securing a loyal civil service and control of political representation and the judiciary until the 1880s. Thereafter, royal patronage was challenged through the Legislature by a minority of lawyers, businessmen and republicans. By 1891, royal prerogatives were under threat and foreign relations depended on American good will. A militant faction overturned the monarchy in 1893, preparing the way for Congressional approval of an illegal settler government, annexation and Territorial status. But patronage politics continued into the 1930s under the influence of business corporations and Republican Executives.Less
The Hawaiian Kingdom was ruled by a paramount lineage through appointment of Hawaiians and Europeans to offices of state. Acceptance of laws, literacy and religion, on Hawaiian terms, maintained the primacy of the royal executive over its nobles, its ministers, and its system of island government. Foreign settlers were integrated within a Polynesian hierarchy as ‘service gentry’. Recognition by foreign powers allowed the ruling lineage to manage a Pacific state by securing a loyal civil service and control of political representation and the judiciary until the 1880s. Thereafter, royal patronage was challenged through the Legislature by a minority of lawyers, businessmen and republicans. By 1891, royal prerogatives were under threat and foreign relations depended on American good will. A militant faction overturned the monarchy in 1893, preparing the way for Congressional approval of an illegal settler government, annexation and Territorial status. But patronage politics continued into the 1930s under the influence of business corporations and Republican Executives.
Steven Gunn, David Grummitt, and Hans Cools
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199207503
- eISBN:
- 9780191708848
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207503.003.009
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter introduces the nobility in England and the Netherlands, and the role of war in the relationship between the princes and noblemen. Though noble land-holding and political influence varied ...
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This chapter introduces the nobility in England and the Netherlands, and the role of war in the relationship between the princes and noblemen. Though noble land-holding and political influence varied from region to region, both polities had an elite of wealthy lords — often influential at court — as provincial governors or lords lieutenant, and as the leaders of affinities among the gentry or lesser nobility. The Percy earls of Northumberland were great lords in the north of England, and the Howard dukes of Norfolk and earls of Surrey office-holders at court, with estates concentrated in the south. The Croÿ counts of Roeulx confronted the French as governors of Artois and Flanders, while the Egmond counts of Buren held lands on the borders of Holland and Brabant, and mostly campaigned against Guelders.Less
This chapter introduces the nobility in England and the Netherlands, and the role of war in the relationship between the princes and noblemen. Though noble land-holding and political influence varied from region to region, both polities had an elite of wealthy lords — often influential at court — as provincial governors or lords lieutenant, and as the leaders of affinities among the gentry or lesser nobility. The Percy earls of Northumberland were great lords in the north of England, and the Howard dukes of Norfolk and earls of Surrey office-holders at court, with estates concentrated in the south. The Croÿ counts of Roeulx confronted the French as governors of Artois and Flanders, while the Egmond counts of Buren held lands on the borders of Holland and Brabant, and mostly campaigned against Guelders.
