Michael R. Dietrich and Robert A. Skipper
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199595372
- eISBN:
- 9780191774799
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199595372.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter traces the origins and conceptual lineages of the adaptive landscape concept and its representations. While Armand Janet's 1895 concept arguably marks the origin of the adaptive ...
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This chapter traces the origins and conceptual lineages of the adaptive landscape concept and its representations. While Armand Janet's 1895 concept arguably marks the origin of the adaptive landscape concept and even its graphic representation, Janet's concept had very limited impact when compared to Sewall Wright's concept from 1932. As part of his effort to reconcile Mendelian genetics and Darwinian evolution in his shifting balance theory, Wright offered the metaphor of the adaptive landscape and its topographic representation as a way of depicting the effect of variations in population size, migration, and the strength of selection. Wright's genetic version of the adaptive landscape inspired other versions of the adaptive landscape based on phenotypic changes and on molecular changes. As a result, the history of the adaptive landscape is described in terms of three lineages based on the material basis of the adaptive landscape: the genetic landscape, the phenotypic landscape, and the molecular landscape.Less
This chapter traces the origins and conceptual lineages of the adaptive landscape concept and its representations. While Armand Janet's 1895 concept arguably marks the origin of the adaptive landscape concept and even its graphic representation, Janet's concept had very limited impact when compared to Sewall Wright's concept from 1932. As part of his effort to reconcile Mendelian genetics and Darwinian evolution in his shifting balance theory, Wright offered the metaphor of the adaptive landscape and its topographic representation as a way of depicting the effect of variations in population size, migration, and the strength of selection. Wright's genetic version of the adaptive landscape inspired other versions of the adaptive landscape based on phenotypic changes and on molecular changes. As a result, the history of the adaptive landscape is described in terms of three lineages based on the material basis of the adaptive landscape: the genetic landscape, the phenotypic landscape, and the molecular landscape.
Richard Frankham, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Michele R. Dudash, Charles B. Fenster, Robert C. Lacy, and Paul Sunnucks
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198783398
- eISBN:
- 9780191826313
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
The number and geographic location of genetically differentiated populations must be identified to determine if fragmented populations require genetic management. Clustering of related genotypes to ...
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The number and geographic location of genetically differentiated populations must be identified to determine if fragmented populations require genetic management. Clustering of related genotypes to geographic locations (landscape genetic analyses) is used to determine the number of populations and their boundaries, with the simplest analyses relying on random mating within, but not across populations. Evidence of genetic differentiation among populations indicates either that they have drifted apart (and are likely inbred) and/or that the populations are adaptively differentiated. The current response when populations are genetically differentiated is usually to recommend separate management, but this is often ill-advised. A paradigm shift is needed where evidence of genetic differentiation among populations is followed by an assessment of whether populations are suffering genetic erosion, whether there are other populations to which they could be crossed, and whether the crosses would be beneficial, or harmful.Less
The number and geographic location of genetically differentiated populations must be identified to determine if fragmented populations require genetic management. Clustering of related genotypes to geographic locations (landscape genetic analyses) is used to determine the number of populations and their boundaries, with the simplest analyses relying on random mating within, but not across populations. Evidence of genetic differentiation among populations indicates either that they have drifted apart (and are likely inbred) and/or that the populations are adaptively differentiated. The current response when populations are genetically differentiated is usually to recommend separate management, but this is often ill-advised. A paradigm shift is needed where evidence of genetic differentiation among populations is followed by an assessment of whether populations are suffering genetic erosion, whether there are other populations to which they could be crossed, and whether the crosses would be beneficial, or harmful.
