Paul Schmid-Hempel
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199229482
- eISBN:
- 9780191774744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199229482.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter takes a deeper look into the genetics of both the host and the parasite. First, it explores the genetic architecture of host resistance, as well as several methods that are used to ...
More
This chapter takes a deeper look into the genetics of both the host and the parasite. First, it explores the genetic architecture of host resistance, as well as several methods that are used to elucidate genetic architecture – such as QTL-analysis, gene sequencing, comparative genetic studies, and quantitative genetics. The analyses suggest that host resistance is often based upon a limited number of genes with major effect. The genetics of parasite virulence, on the other hand, is illustrated by bacterial pathogens. The chapter indicates that pathogenicity islands are where importance virulence genes are often located. These pathogenicity islands have their own life-cycle, during which they are transferred to a new host, become adapted, and eventually might be excised and transferred again to a further line. The chapter furthermore explores variation in gene expression, which is also a major source of differences in host–parasite interactions.Less
This chapter takes a deeper look into the genetics of both the host and the parasite. First, it explores the genetic architecture of host resistance, as well as several methods that are used to elucidate genetic architecture – such as QTL-analysis, gene sequencing, comparative genetic studies, and quantitative genetics. The analyses suggest that host resistance is often based upon a limited number of genes with major effect. The genetics of parasite virulence, on the other hand, is illustrated by bacterial pathogens. The chapter indicates that pathogenicity islands are where importance virulence genes are often located. These pathogenicity islands have their own life-cycle, during which they are transferred to a new host, become adapted, and eventually might be excised and transferred again to a further line. The chapter furthermore explores variation in gene expression, which is also a major source of differences in host–parasite interactions.
Robin Feldman
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195368581
- eISBN:
- 9780199867455
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368581.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter describes the internalization of science in modern law. It begins by examining internalization of scientific markers in abortion cases and law's reluctance to abandon those markers as ...
More
This chapter describes the internalization of science in modern law. It begins by examining internalization of scientific markers in abortion cases and law's reluctance to abandon those markers as they prove inadequate for resolving the issues. It then examines the use of scientific lines in Internet searching cases and the inevitable failure of the technical distinctions chosen. Finally, it explores the example described above concerning gene patent cases.Less
This chapter describes the internalization of science in modern law. It begins by examining internalization of scientific markers in abortion cases and law's reluctance to abandon those markers as they prove inadequate for resolving the issues. It then examines the use of scientific lines in Internet searching cases and the inevitable failure of the technical distinctions chosen. Finally, it explores the example described above concerning gene patent cases.
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226727295
- eISBN:
- 9780226727318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226727318.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter offers a glimpse into what taking gene-sequence data seriously can show us about the nature and history of one particular terrestrial lineage, Homo sapiens. It reports on the light that ...
More
This chapter offers a glimpse into what taking gene-sequence data seriously can show us about the nature and history of one particular terrestrial lineage, Homo sapiens. It reports on the light that gene-sequence data can shed on cultural evolution, a process which no responsible reductionist supposes to be a matter of genetically encoded inheritance. If it turns out that culture holds our genes on a leash (instead of the reverse), then at least some twitches on the leash will show up in gene-sequence changes over time. And this record of human affairs recorded in the genes is just what the chapter reports.Less
This chapter offers a glimpse into what taking gene-sequence data seriously can show us about the nature and history of one particular terrestrial lineage, Homo sapiens. It reports on the light that gene-sequence data can shed on cultural evolution, a process which no responsible reductionist supposes to be a matter of genetically encoded inheritance. If it turns out that culture holds our genes on a leash (instead of the reverse), then at least some twitches on the leash will show up in gene-sequence changes over time. And this record of human affairs recorded in the genes is just what the chapter reports.
Koji Tojo
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520098688
- eISBN:
- 9780520943803
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520098688.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter examines the genetic diversity of headwater-specific Japanese dipteromimid mayflies, Dipteromimus tipuliformis and Dipteromimus flavipterus, based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene ...
More
This chapter examines the genetic diversity of headwater-specific Japanese dipteromimid mayflies, Dipteromimus tipuliformis and Dipteromimus flavipterus, based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences. It describes the ecological relationships or dispersal ability of these mayflies and compares them with other species living in other water systems. The findings reveal that dipteromimid mayflies have greater interpopulation genetic distances than any of the other mayfly species studied.Less
This chapter examines the genetic diversity of headwater-specific Japanese dipteromimid mayflies, Dipteromimus tipuliformis and Dipteromimus flavipterus, based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences. It describes the ecological relationships or dispersal ability of these mayflies and compares them with other species living in other water systems. The findings reveal that dipteromimid mayflies have greater interpopulation genetic distances than any of the other mayfly species studied.
Beryck Beyleveld and Roger Brownsword
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198268260
- eISBN:
- 9780191683473
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198268260.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
This chapter considers the bearing of human dignity on the commercial exploitation of the human body. First, it discusses the patentability of human gene sequences. It then addresses contractual ...
More
This chapter considers the bearing of human dignity on the commercial exploitation of the human body. First, it discusses the patentability of human gene sequences. It then addresses contractual questions, for example, whether respect for human dignity requires that freedom of contract should be limited where the body is exploited in some way and that freedom to contract should be limited where genetic information is used to guide the choice of contractual partners.Less
This chapter considers the bearing of human dignity on the commercial exploitation of the human body. First, it discusses the patentability of human gene sequences. It then addresses contractual questions, for example, whether respect for human dignity requires that freedom of contract should be limited where the body is exploited in some way and that freedom to contract should be limited where genetic information is used to guide the choice of contractual partners.
Claus Nielsen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199606023
- eISBN:
- 9780191774706
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199606023.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics, Animal Biology
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of evolution in the animal kingdom. It reviews the classical, morphological information from structure and embryology, as well as the new data gained from ...
More
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of evolution in the animal kingdom. It reviews the classical, morphological information from structure and embryology, as well as the new data gained from studies using immune stainings of nerves and muscles and blastomere markings, which makes it possible to follow the fate of single blastomeres all the way to early organogenesis. Until recently, the information from analyses of gene sequences has tended to produce myriads of quite diverging trees. However, the latest generation of molecular methods, using many genes, expressed sequence tags, and even whole genomes, has brought a new stability to the field. The book brings together the information from these varied fields, and demonstrates that it is indeed now possible to build a phylogenetic tree from a combination of both morphology and gene sequences. This thoroughly revised third edition brings the subject fully up to date, especially in light of the latest advances in molecular techniques. The book is illustrated throughout with finely detailed line drawings and clear diagrams, many of them new.Less
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of evolution in the animal kingdom. It reviews the classical, morphological information from structure and embryology, as well as the new data gained from studies using immune stainings of nerves and muscles and blastomere markings, which makes it possible to follow the fate of single blastomeres all the way to early organogenesis. Until recently, the information from analyses of gene sequences has tended to produce myriads of quite diverging trees. However, the latest generation of molecular methods, using many genes, expressed sequence tags, and even whole genomes, has brought a new stability to the field. The book brings together the information from these varied fields, and demonstrates that it is indeed now possible to build a phylogenetic tree from a combination of both morphology and gene sequences. This thoroughly revised third edition brings the subject fully up to date, especially in light of the latest advances in molecular techniques. The book is illustrated throughout with finely detailed line drawings and clear diagrams, many of them new.
Nancy N. FitzSimmons and Joanna Sumner
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- June 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198726135
- eISBN:
- 9780191825934
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198726135.003.0025
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter discusses the importance of genetics in questions of ecology and conservation, as genetic analyses have provided tremendous insights into the behaviour of reptiles, their evolution, and ...
More
This chapter discusses the importance of genetics in questions of ecology and conservation, as genetic analyses have provided tremendous insights into the behaviour of reptiles, their evolution, and the history and dynamics of populations. To that end, the chapter discusses the functions and limitations of certain genetic markers: allozymes and restriction fragment length polymorphisms, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing, nuclear gene sequencing (NGS), nuclear microsatellites, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), and whole genome research. Additionally, this chapter offers some pointers on sampling and labwork, such as the design and considerations for sampling; the process of collection, storage, and preservation; curating; and the subsequent data analysis and management.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of genetics in questions of ecology and conservation, as genetic analyses have provided tremendous insights into the behaviour of reptiles, their evolution, and the history and dynamics of populations. To that end, the chapter discusses the functions and limitations of certain genetic markers: allozymes and restriction fragment length polymorphisms, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing, nuclear gene sequencing (NGS), nuclear microsatellites, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), and whole genome research. Additionally, this chapter offers some pointers on sampling and labwork, such as the design and considerations for sampling; the process of collection, storage, and preservation; curating; and the subsequent data analysis and management.
Jean-Luc Gattolliat, Michael T. Monaghan, Michel Sartori, Jean-Marc Elouard, Helen Barber-James, Pascale Derleth, Olivier Glaizot, Ferdy de Moor, and Alfried P. Vogler
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520098688
- eISBN:
- 9780520943803
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520098688.003.0016
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter describes the result of the molecular analysis of the Baetidae family of mayflies in Africa. It explains that the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Afrotropical Baetidae as ...
More
This chapter describes the result of the molecular analysis of the Baetidae family of mayflies in Africa. It explains that the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Afrotropical Baetidae as reconstructed using nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences from 65 taxa. The molecular reconstruction indicates that Afrotropical Baetidae require a global revision at a generic as well as suprageneric level. The chapter suggests that the major complexes of genera present in Africa are either paraphyletic or polyphyletic, and that the division of the Afrotropical Baetidae into two subfamilies is probably too simplified.Less
This chapter describes the result of the molecular analysis of the Baetidae family of mayflies in Africa. It explains that the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Afrotropical Baetidae as reconstructed using nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences from 65 taxa. The molecular reconstruction indicates that Afrotropical Baetidae require a global revision at a generic as well as suprageneric level. The chapter suggests that the major complexes of genera present in Africa are either paraphyletic or polyphyletic, and that the division of the Afrotropical Baetidae into two subfamilies is probably too simplified.
