James A. Tyner
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520225619
- eISBN:
- 9780520929869
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520225619.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter places gendered labor migration from the Philippines to the United States in a global context. It considers the argument that the migration of Filipinos to the United States and to other ...
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This chapter places gendered labor migration from the Philippines to the United States in a global context. It considers the argument that the migration of Filipinos to the United States and to other countries in the world should be viewed as part of an institutional response to a changing global economy. The chapter shows that the United States is unique among the labor-importing states, and that the institutional control of international migration is highly gendered. The conceptions of femininity and masculinity are prominent figures in the regulation, organization, and management of labor flaws. The chapter determines that the Philippines has been integrated into the global economy, and that labor export has emerged as a development strategy shaped by the country's institutional response to a gendered and shifting global labor market. It concludes that it is important for institutional behavior to operate within the boundaries which were established by immigration legislation.Less
This chapter places gendered labor migration from the Philippines to the United States in a global context. It considers the argument that the migration of Filipinos to the United States and to other countries in the world should be viewed as part of an institutional response to a changing global economy. The chapter shows that the United States is unique among the labor-importing states, and that the institutional control of international migration is highly gendered. The conceptions of femininity and masculinity are prominent figures in the regulation, organization, and management of labor flaws. The chapter determines that the Philippines has been integrated into the global economy, and that labor export has emerged as a development strategy shaped by the country's institutional response to a gendered and shifting global labor market. It concludes that it is important for institutional behavior to operate within the boundaries which were established by immigration legislation.
Erica Lorraine Williams
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780252042027
- eISBN:
- 9780252050763
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252042027.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter explores Niara Sudarkasa’s trajectory as a scholar, activist, and higher education administrator. Born in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, and educated at Fisk University, Oberlin College, and ...
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This chapter explores Niara Sudarkasa’s trajectory as a scholar, activist, and higher education administrator. Born in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, and educated at Fisk University, Oberlin College, and Columbia University, Sudarkasa is an Africanist who conducted ethnographic fieldwork in Nigeria and other West African countries. She has made significant contributions to scholarship on feminist anthropology, African Studies, gender and migration, and extended families in the African diaspora. She also served as the president of Lincoln University.Less
This chapter explores Niara Sudarkasa’s trajectory as a scholar, activist, and higher education administrator. Born in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, and educated at Fisk University, Oberlin College, and Columbia University, Sudarkasa is an Africanist who conducted ethnographic fieldwork in Nigeria and other West African countries. She has made significant contributions to scholarship on feminist anthropology, African Studies, gender and migration, and extended families in the African diaspora. She also served as the president of Lincoln University.
Chigusa Yamaura
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781501750144
- eISBN:
- 9781501750168
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501750144.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
How do the Japanese men and Chinese women who participate in cross-border matchmaking—individuals whose only interaction is often just one brief meeting—come to see one another as potential marriage ...
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How do the Japanese men and Chinese women who participate in cross-border matchmaking—individuals whose only interaction is often just one brief meeting—come to see one another as potential marriage partners? This book traces the practices of Sino-Japanese matchmaking from transnational marriage agencies in Tokyo to branch offices and language schools in China, from initial meetings to marriage, the visa application processes, and beyond to marital life in Japan. Engaging issues of colonial history, local norms, and the very ability to conceive of another or oneself as marriageable, the book rethinks cross-border marriage not only as a form of gendered migration, but also as a set of practices that constructs marriageable partners and imaginable marriages. The book shows that instead of desiring different others, these transnational marital relations are based on the tactical deployment of socially and historically created conceptions of proximity between Japan and northeast China. Far from seeking to escape local practices, participants in these marriages actively seek to avoid transgressing local norms. By doing so on a transnational scale, they paradoxically reaffirm and attempt to remain within the boundaries of local marital ideologies.Less
How do the Japanese men and Chinese women who participate in cross-border matchmaking—individuals whose only interaction is often just one brief meeting—come to see one another as potential marriage partners? This book traces the practices of Sino-Japanese matchmaking from transnational marriage agencies in Tokyo to branch offices and language schools in China, from initial meetings to marriage, the visa application processes, and beyond to marital life in Japan. Engaging issues of colonial history, local norms, and the very ability to conceive of another or oneself as marriageable, the book rethinks cross-border marriage not only as a form of gendered migration, but also as a set of practices that constructs marriageable partners and imaginable marriages. The book shows that instead of desiring different others, these transnational marital relations are based on the tactical deployment of socially and historically created conceptions of proximity between Japan and northeast China. Far from seeking to escape local practices, participants in these marriages actively seek to avoid transgressing local norms. By doing so on a transnational scale, they paradoxically reaffirm and attempt to remain within the boundaries of local marital ideologies.
Emir Estrada
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479811519
- eISBN:
- 9781479881079
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479811519.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
Kids at Work is the first book to look at the participation of child street vendors in the United States. The children portrayed in this book are the children of undocumented Latinx immigrants who ...
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Kids at Work is the first book to look at the participation of child street vendors in the United States. The children portrayed in this book are the children of undocumented Latinx immigrants who are relegated to street vending because they lack opportunities to work in the formal sector of the economy. On the streets of Los Angeles, California, the children help their parents prepare and sell ethnic food from México and Central America, such as pozole, pupusas, tamales, champurrado, tacos, and tejuino. Shedding light on the experiences of children in this occupation highlights the complexities and nuances of family relations when children become economic co-contributors. This book captures a preindustrial form of family work life in a postindustrial urban setting where a new form of childhood emerges. Child street vendors experience a childhood period and family work relations that lies in the intersection of two polar views of childhood, which embodies a mutually protective and supportive aspect of the economic relationship between parent and child. This book is primarily based on the point of view of street vending children, and it is complemented with parent interviews and rich ethnographic fieldwork that humanizes their experience.Less
Kids at Work is the first book to look at the participation of child street vendors in the United States. The children portrayed in this book are the children of undocumented Latinx immigrants who are relegated to street vending because they lack opportunities to work in the formal sector of the economy. On the streets of Los Angeles, California, the children help their parents prepare and sell ethnic food from México and Central America, such as pozole, pupusas, tamales, champurrado, tacos, and tejuino. Shedding light on the experiences of children in this occupation highlights the complexities and nuances of family relations when children become economic co-contributors. This book captures a preindustrial form of family work life in a postindustrial urban setting where a new form of childhood emerges. Child street vendors experience a childhood period and family work relations that lies in the intersection of two polar views of childhood, which embodies a mutually protective and supportive aspect of the economic relationship between parent and child. This book is primarily based on the point of view of street vending children, and it is complemented with parent interviews and rich ethnographic fieldwork that humanizes their experience.
Emir Estrada
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479811519
- eISBN:
- 9781479881079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479811519.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
Chapter 5 underlines how gender shapes the way this study's girls and boys experience this occupation and how the children and the families create gendered expectations as well as strategies for ...
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Chapter 5 underlines how gender shapes the way this study's girls and boys experience this occupation and how the children and the families create gendered expectations as well as strategies for protection. While both boys and girls work alongside their parents on the street, findings revealed that the daughters of Mexican and Central American street vendors in Los Angeles are more active than the sons in street vending with the family. How do we explain this paradox? A gendered analysis helps explain why girls are compelled into street vending, while boys are allowed to withdraw or minimize their participation. This chapter extends the feminist literature on intersectionality by exploring the world of Latinx teenage street vendors from a perspective that takes into account gendered expectations not only resulting from the familiar intersecting relations of race, class, and gender, but also as a consequence of age as well as of the inequality of nations that gives rise to particular patterns of international labor migration.Less
Chapter 5 underlines how gender shapes the way this study's girls and boys experience this occupation and how the children and the families create gendered expectations as well as strategies for protection. While both boys and girls work alongside their parents on the street, findings revealed that the daughters of Mexican and Central American street vendors in Los Angeles are more active than the sons in street vending with the family. How do we explain this paradox? A gendered analysis helps explain why girls are compelled into street vending, while boys are allowed to withdraw or minimize their participation. This chapter extends the feminist literature on intersectionality by exploring the world of Latinx teenage street vendors from a perspective that takes into account gendered expectations not only resulting from the familiar intersecting relations of race, class, and gender, but also as a consequence of age as well as of the inequality of nations that gives rise to particular patterns of international labor migration.
Nicole Constable
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520282018
- eISBN:
- 9780520957770
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520282018.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
Born Out of Place focuses on the largely invisible and easily overlooked topic of babies born to migrant worker mothers. Such a focus brings to light the flaws and unintended consequences of ...
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Born Out of Place focuses on the largely invisible and easily overlooked topic of babies born to migrant worker mothers. Such a focus brings to light the flaws and unintended consequences of migration laws and labor policies, the often poignant and painful experiences of migrant mothers, and the ambivalent roles of fathers. Within the context of contemporary global capitalism, this research yields a deeper and fuller understanding of the practical problems and the cruel disappointments faced by those who take part in “guest worker” programs. New insights about the problem—or the crisis—of temporary migration, which is too often not temporary, are revealed through ethnographic research that attends to the everyday lives and stories of migrant mothers and their Hong Kong–born babies. The book’s arguments are threefold. First, temporary migrant workers are never only workers. They are people too. But the women who dare to become mothers are often deemed not only bad workers, but also ungrateful or immoral women. Second, the laws and policies designed to enforce a rotating door for workers and to prevent overstaying and illegal work, often create the opposite results. Some women overstay and become pregnant, and many overstay because they are pregnant. Third, women who return home as “single mothers” face severe stigma and economic pressures that propel them to continue in a migratory cycle of atonement: an ongoing, self-perpetuating, precarious pattern of migration. Mothers and babies thus reveal the inequalities of citizenship and belonging and the precariousness of migrant labor.Less
Born Out of Place focuses on the largely invisible and easily overlooked topic of babies born to migrant worker mothers. Such a focus brings to light the flaws and unintended consequences of migration laws and labor policies, the often poignant and painful experiences of migrant mothers, and the ambivalent roles of fathers. Within the context of contemporary global capitalism, this research yields a deeper and fuller understanding of the practical problems and the cruel disappointments faced by those who take part in “guest worker” programs. New insights about the problem—or the crisis—of temporary migration, which is too often not temporary, are revealed through ethnographic research that attends to the everyday lives and stories of migrant mothers and their Hong Kong–born babies. The book’s arguments are threefold. First, temporary migrant workers are never only workers. They are people too. But the women who dare to become mothers are often deemed not only bad workers, but also ungrateful or immoral women. Second, the laws and policies designed to enforce a rotating door for workers and to prevent overstaying and illegal work, often create the opposite results. Some women overstay and become pregnant, and many overstay because they are pregnant. Third, women who return home as “single mothers” face severe stigma and economic pressures that propel them to continue in a migratory cycle of atonement: an ongoing, self-perpetuating, precarious pattern of migration. Mothers and babies thus reveal the inequalities of citizenship and belonging and the precariousness of migrant labor.
Bridget Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199691593
- eISBN:
- 9780191752421
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199691593.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter considers the case of domestic and caring work as a site where the social construction of labour is revealed and contested, and examine the tensions manifest in immigration controls when ...
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This chapter considers the case of domestic and caring work as a site where the social construction of labour is revealed and contested, and examine the tensions manifest in immigration controls when applied to domestic labour. It begins with a brief consideration of domestic labour in the UK. Deregulation and informality mean that private households are a site where people with ambivalent immigration statuses can find precarious work. There have also been two types of visa that have been available for domestic labour from the late 1970s onwards, the au pair visa and a visa for domestic workers who enter the UK with employers. Both visas are principally for live-in work, and both are outside the usual migrant labour channels. In this way, paid domestic labour is treated as exceptional. These visas help to construct the labour market for domestic services but also contribute to shaping the political subjectivities of migrants.Less
This chapter considers the case of domestic and caring work as a site where the social construction of labour is revealed and contested, and examine the tensions manifest in immigration controls when applied to domestic labour. It begins with a brief consideration of domestic labour in the UK. Deregulation and informality mean that private households are a site where people with ambivalent immigration statuses can find precarious work. There have also been two types of visa that have been available for domestic labour from the late 1970s onwards, the au pair visa and a visa for domestic workers who enter the UK with employers. Both visas are principally for live-in work, and both are outside the usual migrant labour channels. In this way, paid domestic labour is treated as exceptional. These visas help to construct the labour market for domestic services but also contribute to shaping the political subjectivities of migrants.
Hilary A. Hallett
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520274082
- eISBN:
- 9780520953680
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520274082.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The prologue provides the necessary scene setting in early film history, the history of American women, and the story of the settlement of modern Los Angeles that allows a variety of readers, both ...
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The prologue provides the necessary scene setting in early film history, the history of American women, and the story of the settlement of modern Los Angeles that allows a variety of readers, both casual readers and specialists in a number of fields, to enjoy what follows. Most broadly, it argues that early Hollywood’s Girls, real and imagined, were at the center of the metamorphosis of both the film industry and ideas about the unique appeal of modern Los Angeles.Less
The prologue provides the necessary scene setting in early film history, the history of American women, and the story of the settlement of modern Los Angeles that allows a variety of readers, both casual readers and specialists in a number of fields, to enjoy what follows. Most broadly, it argues that early Hollywood’s Girls, real and imagined, were at the center of the metamorphosis of both the film industry and ideas about the unique appeal of modern Los Angeles.