Yanko Marcius de Alencar Xavier and Anderson Souza da Silva Lanzillo
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199645039
- eISBN:
- 9780191738647
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199645039.003.0014
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law, Public International Law
This chapter aims to evaluate transportation regulation in the Brazilian natural gas industry. It gives a brief institutional overview of the sector in Brazil and outlines changes incurred in ...
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This chapter aims to evaluate transportation regulation in the Brazilian natural gas industry. It gives a brief institutional overview of the sector in Brazil and outlines changes incurred in transportation regulation to the current stage of the Gas Act. It reflects on whether competition is still considered a development instrument in this market and the extent to which it is a proper instrument to plan and invest in the construction and maintenance of gas pipelines.Less
This chapter aims to evaluate transportation regulation in the Brazilian natural gas industry. It gives a brief institutional overview of the sector in Brazil and outlines changes incurred in transportation regulation to the current stage of the Gas Act. It reflects on whether competition is still considered a development instrument in this market and the extent to which it is a proper instrument to plan and invest in the construction and maintenance of gas pipelines.
Barry Barton
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199299874
- eISBN:
- 9780191714931
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299874.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
Energy regulation has seen many shifts and changes because of the significant policy movements that many countries have seen. Two substantial shifts have occurred in New Zealand in a two-year period, ...
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Energy regulation has seen many shifts and changes because of the significant policy movements that many countries have seen. Two substantial shifts have occurred in New Zealand in a two-year period, 2003 to 2005. The electricity market is no longer under self-regulation, but is now under state regulation. The natural gas industry is no longer virtually unregulated, as it once was, and is now under a form of co-regulation. This chapter explores the reasons for these changes.Less
Energy regulation has seen many shifts and changes because of the significant policy movements that many countries have seen. Two substantial shifts have occurred in New Zealand in a two-year period, 2003 to 2005. The electricity market is no longer under self-regulation, but is now under state regulation. The natural gas industry is no longer virtually unregulated, as it once was, and is now under a form of co-regulation. This chapter explores the reasons for these changes.
Paul MacAvoy
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300083811
- eISBN:
- 9780300129328
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300083811.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
Over the past six decades, federal regulatory agencies have attempted different strategies to regulate the natural gas industry in the United States. All have been unsuccessful, resulting in ...
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Over the past six decades, federal regulatory agencies have attempted different strategies to regulate the natural gas industry in the United States. All have been unsuccessful, resulting in nationwide gas shortages or massive gas surpluses, and costing the nation billions of dollars. Additionally, partial deregulation has led the regulatory agency to become more involved in controlling individual transactions among gas producers, distributors, and consumers. This book demonstrates that no affected group has gained from these experiments in public control and that all participants would gain from complete deregulation. Although losses have declined with partial deregulation in recent years, current regulatory practices still limit the growth of supply through the transmission system. This history of the regulation of natural gas is a cautionary tale for other natural resource or network industries that are regulated or are about to be regulated.Less
Over the past six decades, federal regulatory agencies have attempted different strategies to regulate the natural gas industry in the United States. All have been unsuccessful, resulting in nationwide gas shortages or massive gas surpluses, and costing the nation billions of dollars. Additionally, partial deregulation has led the regulatory agency to become more involved in controlling individual transactions among gas producers, distributors, and consumers. This book demonstrates that no affected group has gained from these experiments in public control and that all participants would gain from complete deregulation. Although losses have declined with partial deregulation in recent years, current regulatory practices still limit the growth of supply through the transmission system. This history of the regulation of natural gas is a cautionary tale for other natural resource or network industries that are regulated or are about to be regulated.
Gholam R. Afkhami
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520253285
- eISBN:
- 9780520942165
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520253285.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
Iranian-Soviet relations took a turn for the worse after the Bilateral Agreement was signed between Iran and the United States on 5 March 1959. When the agreement on gas was signed with the Soviet ...
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Iranian-Soviet relations took a turn for the worse after the Bilateral Agreement was signed between Iran and the United States on 5 March 1959. When the agreement on gas was signed with the Soviet Union in October 1965, no infrastructure was yet laid. The shah pushed the process forward, believing that unless deadlines were set, nothing serious ever happened. The NIOC was charged with preparing the ground for the agreement. Ultimately, the gas that was Iran's payment for Soviet goods and services was made available on time. The shah began to speak of petrochemicals in the early 1950s and discussed the subject rather extensively in his 1960 book, Mission for My Country. In the mid-1970s, Iran embarked on its nuclear adventure. Given the shah's prestige and money in late 1974, Ford and Kissinger decided to accommodate him on his nuclear policies, though they remained uncertain about his ultimate goals.Less
Iranian-Soviet relations took a turn for the worse after the Bilateral Agreement was signed between Iran and the United States on 5 March 1959. When the agreement on gas was signed with the Soviet Union in October 1965, no infrastructure was yet laid. The shah pushed the process forward, believing that unless deadlines were set, nothing serious ever happened. The NIOC was charged with preparing the ground for the agreement. Ultimately, the gas that was Iran's payment for Soviet goods and services was made available on time. The shah began to speak of petrochemicals in the early 1950s and discussed the subject rather extensively in his 1960 book, Mission for My Country. In the mid-1970s, Iran embarked on its nuclear adventure. Given the shah's prestige and money in late 1974, Ford and Kissinger decided to accommodate him on his nuclear policies, though they remained uncertain about his ultimate goals.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226502106
- eISBN:
- 9780226502120
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226502120.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This chapter investigates whether the efficient Coasian market in rights enjoyed by the US gas industry has any chance of developing in other pipeline markets, and analyzes the stunted nature of gas ...
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This chapter investigates whether the efficient Coasian market in rights enjoyed by the US gas industry has any chance of developing in other pipeline markets, and analyzes the stunted nature of gas commodity markets in Europe and Australia. The absence of Coasian bargaining in Canadian pipeline transport rights probably affected the gas prices at various locations across Canada. The UK government and its regulators focused on lowering the entry barriers to gas marketers. Australia would seem to have the structural basis for a competitive gas market. In general, the EU worked on the institutions that: govern the way its pipelines are regulated; transact with customers; facilitate or impede the growth of a competitive gas market; and promote the security of its gas supplies without resorting to redundant pipelines and complex political maneuverings.Less
This chapter investigates whether the efficient Coasian market in rights enjoyed by the US gas industry has any chance of developing in other pipeline markets, and analyzes the stunted nature of gas commodity markets in Europe and Australia. The absence of Coasian bargaining in Canadian pipeline transport rights probably affected the gas prices at various locations across Canada. The UK government and its regulators focused on lowering the entry barriers to gas marketers. Australia would seem to have the structural basis for a competitive gas market. In general, the EU worked on the institutions that: govern the way its pipelines are regulated; transact with customers; facilitate or impede the growth of a competitive gas market; and promote the security of its gas supplies without resorting to redundant pipelines and complex political maneuverings.
Paul W. MacAvoy
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300083811
- eISBN:
- 9780300129328
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300083811.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter describes the restructuring of the natural gas industry and the emergence of the spot market, and examines the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission orders. The effects of regulation are ...
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This chapter describes the restructuring of the natural gas industry and the emergence of the spot market, and examines the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission orders. The effects of regulation are significant and result in reduction of the capacity of the pipeline system, high gas prices, and low production. The chapter studies the market effects of restructured transportation and the role of capacity increase, concluding that market, not regulatory conditions, determine prices for transportation service. The transitions to unregulated markets add to the improvement of industry performance in terms of increased production. The partial deregulation of the transport market results in no gains and the behavior of spot gas prices on the market indicates that transportation has become competitive enough to warrant the elimination of rate regulation. The chapter also presents the gains and losses from unbundling and partial deregulation, and reveals that the inconsistency leaves both producers and consumers worse off.Less
This chapter describes the restructuring of the natural gas industry and the emergence of the spot market, and examines the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission orders. The effects of regulation are significant and result in reduction of the capacity of the pipeline system, high gas prices, and low production. The chapter studies the market effects of restructured transportation and the role of capacity increase, concluding that market, not regulatory conditions, determine prices for transportation service. The transitions to unregulated markets add to the improvement of industry performance in terms of increased production. The partial deregulation of the transport market results in no gains and the behavior of spot gas prices on the market indicates that transportation has become competitive enough to warrant the elimination of rate regulation. The chapter also presents the gains and losses from unbundling and partial deregulation, and reveals that the inconsistency leaves both producers and consumers worse off.
Kun-Chin Lin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450242
- eISBN:
- 9780801462931
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450242.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
This chapter focuses on the Chinese oil and natural gas industry, highlighting the growing variation in wages within the industry. This is a nationally important industry whose employees have ...
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This chapter focuses on the Chinese oil and natural gas industry, highlighting the growing variation in wages within the industry. This is a nationally important industry whose employees have hitherto been protected from market fluctuations and have traditionally enjoyed better than average wages and benefits. However, a state-sponsored restructuring divided the industry into a core of highly profitable companies and a group of noncore service companies. The noncore companies work under semi-feudal arrangements with the core companies, which have resulted in a duality of increased wages and job security at the core firms versus a high degree of employment uncertainty in the noncore firms. State-owned capital is the original driving force behind this transformation, although it has since been fueled by international capital, which has invested in the core, publicly listed firms.Less
This chapter focuses on the Chinese oil and natural gas industry, highlighting the growing variation in wages within the industry. This is a nationally important industry whose employees have hitherto been protected from market fluctuations and have traditionally enjoyed better than average wages and benefits. However, a state-sponsored restructuring divided the industry into a core of highly profitable companies and a group of noncore service companies. The noncore companies work under semi-feudal arrangements with the core companies, which have resulted in a duality of increased wages and job security at the core firms versus a high degree of employment uncertainty in the noncore firms. State-owned capital is the original driving force behind this transformation, although it has since been fueled by international capital, which has invested in the core, publicly listed firms.
Mahesh K. Joshi and J.R. Klein
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198827481
- eISBN:
- 9780191866388
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198827481.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
Oil is both the lifeblood and poison of the global economy. Historically the control of resources confers power to governments and people. Geographic control of choke points on trade routes impacted ...
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Oil is both the lifeblood and poison of the global economy. Historically the control of resources confers power to governments and people. Geographic control of choke points on trade routes impacted the flow of commerce. Oil and gas are no different, providing power and influence to those that control it. Oil and gas are not just a resource that provides energy for the world. It is also the most important feedstock for manufactured components that are in demand the world over. Everything from cosmetics to containers, machine parts, fashion, and furniture are all by-products of petroleum. The pervasive nature and the uses of oil and gas comes from the desire for a certain standard of living. It has the potential to influence change in those regions that lack it, and it influences our ability to maintain security or defend against aggression.Less
Oil is both the lifeblood and poison of the global economy. Historically the control of resources confers power to governments and people. Geographic control of choke points on trade routes impacted the flow of commerce. Oil and gas are no different, providing power and influence to those that control it. Oil and gas are not just a resource that provides energy for the world. It is also the most important feedstock for manufactured components that are in demand the world over. Everything from cosmetics to containers, machine parts, fashion, and furniture are all by-products of petroleum. The pervasive nature and the uses of oil and gas comes from the desire for a certain standard of living. It has the potential to influence change in those regions that lack it, and it influences our ability to maintain security or defend against aggression.
Emmanuel David
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041266
- eISBN:
- 9780252099861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041266.003.0017
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter examines how Women of the Storm responded to the BP oil spill in 2010. No longer an emergent group, Women of the Storm’s structure was in place and thus it demonstrated organizational ...
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This chapter examines how Women of the Storm responded to the BP oil spill in 2010. No longer an emergent group, Women of the Storm’s structure was in place and thus it demonstrated organizational adaptation, shifting its goals more so than its organizational structure. The chapter discusses the group’s Be the One campaign, a public service announcement video and accompanying petition seeking increased funding for coastal restoration. The chapter continues by discussing controversy that arose when critics suggested that the group had ties to the oil and gas industry, and it relates the fallout as well as the group’s rebuttal. The chapter ends by considering the group’s third trip to Washington to show support of post-BP legislation known as the RESPOND Act, which would speed up the oil and gas revenue sharing measures that were achieved, in part, as a result of the group’s previous trips to Washington.Less
This chapter examines how Women of the Storm responded to the BP oil spill in 2010. No longer an emergent group, Women of the Storm’s structure was in place and thus it demonstrated organizational adaptation, shifting its goals more so than its organizational structure. The chapter discusses the group’s Be the One campaign, a public service announcement video and accompanying petition seeking increased funding for coastal restoration. The chapter continues by discussing controversy that arose when critics suggested that the group had ties to the oil and gas industry, and it relates the fallout as well as the group’s rebuttal. The chapter ends by considering the group’s third trip to Washington to show support of post-BP legislation known as the RESPOND Act, which would speed up the oil and gas revenue sharing measures that were achieved, in part, as a result of the group’s previous trips to Washington.
Peggy Frankland
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781617037726
- eISBN:
- 9781621039402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781617037726.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Environmental History
This chapter presents the stories of six women—Jessie Price, Gay Hanks, Mary Brasseaux, Florence Robinson, Mary Ellender, and Carol Savoy—whose environmental activism became especially difficult in ...
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This chapter presents the stories of six women—Jessie Price, Gay Hanks, Mary Brasseaux, Florence Robinson, Mary Ellender, and Carol Savoy—whose environmental activism became especially difficult in the mid-1980s, when the decline of Louisiana’s oil and gas industry devastated the state’s economy. Louisiana’s political and economic climate pitted these women against individuals and companies wielding a great deal of power and not afraid to use it.Less
This chapter presents the stories of six women—Jessie Price, Gay Hanks, Mary Brasseaux, Florence Robinson, Mary Ellender, and Carol Savoy—whose environmental activism became especially difficult in the mid-1980s, when the decline of Louisiana’s oil and gas industry devastated the state’s economy. Louisiana’s political and economic climate pitted these women against individuals and companies wielding a great deal of power and not afraid to use it.
Yanko Marcius de Alencar Xavier and Anderson Souza da Silva Lanzillo
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198822080
- eISBN:
- 9780191861161
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0019
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter analyses Brazilian public policy on financing renewable energy to address climate change. Conditions in Brazil favour adoption of an increasingly clean energy matrix: with significant ...
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This chapter analyses Brazilian public policy on financing renewable energy to address climate change. Conditions in Brazil favour adoption of an increasingly clean energy matrix: with significant innovation in energy policy and technology much of the country’s energy production now comes from renewable sources. The chapter examines the National Policy on Climate Change (Federal Law no. 12.187/2009), the National Fund for Climate Change (Federal Law no. 12.114/2009). Yet, energy for Brazil’s transportation system remains largely fossil fuel-based, and the oil and gas industry is economically important. The chapter discusses the intergration of renewable energy into climate change policy and adoption of climate policy in energy legislation, together with measures such as taxation that support renewable energy. The chapter examines the oil and gas industry economic crisis and the ramifications for financing renewable energy given historic reliance on the fossil fuel sector to fund innovations in renewable energy technologies.Less
This chapter analyses Brazilian public policy on financing renewable energy to address climate change. Conditions in Brazil favour adoption of an increasingly clean energy matrix: with significant innovation in energy policy and technology much of the country’s energy production now comes from renewable sources. The chapter examines the National Policy on Climate Change (Federal Law no. 12.187/2009), the National Fund for Climate Change (Federal Law no. 12.114/2009). Yet, energy for Brazil’s transportation system remains largely fossil fuel-based, and the oil and gas industry is economically important. The chapter discusses the intergration of renewable energy into climate change policy and adoption of climate policy in energy legislation, together with measures such as taxation that support renewable energy. The chapter examines the oil and gas industry economic crisis and the ramifications for financing renewable energy given historic reliance on the fossil fuel sector to fund innovations in renewable energy technologies.
Michael Oluf Emerson and Kevin T. Smiley
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781479856794
- eISBN:
- 9781479882922
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479856794.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter details the history of Copenhagen and Houston. In Copenhagen, we showcase the medieval roots of the city and how it was compacted into a relatively small area until the mid-nineteenth ...
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This chapter details the history of Copenhagen and Houston. In Copenhagen, we showcase the medieval roots of the city and how it was compacted into a relatively small area until the mid-nineteenth century. Since that time, many economic, governmental, and population changes have occurred. In Houston, we study how the younger city took off with the rise of the oil and gas industries, particularly after World War II. We discuss rising ethnic diversity in the context of the city’s tradition of guidance by economic and civic elites. We conclude by focusing on two points of crisis in the cities – in the mid-nineteenth century and in the 1980s and early 1990s – and how those shaped how they came to be Market Cities and People Cities.Less
This chapter details the history of Copenhagen and Houston. In Copenhagen, we showcase the medieval roots of the city and how it was compacted into a relatively small area until the mid-nineteenth century. Since that time, many economic, governmental, and population changes have occurred. In Houston, we study how the younger city took off with the rise of the oil and gas industries, particularly after World War II. We discuss rising ethnic diversity in the context of the city’s tradition of guidance by economic and civic elites. We conclude by focusing on two points of crisis in the cities – in the mid-nineteenth century and in the 1980s and early 1990s – and how those shaped how they came to be Market Cities and People Cities.
