Brian H. Bornstein and Monica K. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195328677
- eISBN:
- 9780199869954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328677.003.010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Forensic Psychology
This concluding chapter summarizes the major findings, identifies some of the key themes running through the book, and discusses future research directions. It also revisits the questions raised in ...
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This concluding chapter summarizes the major findings, identifies some of the key themes running through the book, and discusses future research directions. It also revisits the questions raised in earlier chapter of why religion at trial matters, whether it should matter, and the extent to which it does matter.Less
This concluding chapter summarizes the major findings, identifies some of the key themes running through the book, and discusses future research directions. It also revisits the questions raised in earlier chapter of why religion at trial matters, whether it should matter, and the extent to which it does matter.
Daniel B. Berch and Molly V. Wagster
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198525691
- eISBN:
- 9780191689369
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525691.003.0017
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
The National Institute on Aging (NIA) has had a long-standing interest in supporting both mainstream and cutting-edge research in the field of cognitive aging. This chapter outlines the NIA’s ...
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The National Institute on Aging (NIA) has had a long-standing interest in supporting both mainstream and cutting-edge research in the field of cognitive aging. This chapter outlines the NIA’s perspective on future directions in this continually evolving field. It begins by describing the overall mission of the NIA, the two extramural programs at the Institute that fund cognitive aging research, and the domains of study under this broad rubric. Next, it presents several cognitive aging initiatives recommended by the National Academy of Sciences. This is followed by a discussion of the rationale underlying the use of workshops as one of the means of developing scientific road maps for future research directions. Pursuing this approach in more detail, the chapter provides summaries of several recently held, NIA-sponsored workshops that covered various domains of cognitive aging and present some of the suggestions and recommendations that emerged from these meetings. Finally, it outlines several future directions for research.Less
The National Institute on Aging (NIA) has had a long-standing interest in supporting both mainstream and cutting-edge research in the field of cognitive aging. This chapter outlines the NIA’s perspective on future directions in this continually evolving field. It begins by describing the overall mission of the NIA, the two extramural programs at the Institute that fund cognitive aging research, and the domains of study under this broad rubric. Next, it presents several cognitive aging initiatives recommended by the National Academy of Sciences. This is followed by a discussion of the rationale underlying the use of workshops as one of the means of developing scientific road maps for future research directions. Pursuing this approach in more detail, the chapter provides summaries of several recently held, NIA-sponsored workshops that covered various domains of cognitive aging and present some of the suggestions and recommendations that emerged from these meetings. Finally, it outlines several future directions for research.
Philip Blackburn
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781847429339
- eISBN:
- 9781447307679
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847429339.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Equitable access to childcare in the UK is largely choreographed by a dominant pay-as-you-go private market, which is now categorised as mature in macroeconomic terms. This chapter concentrates on ...
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Equitable access to childcare in the UK is largely choreographed by a dominant pay-as-you-go private market, which is now categorised as mature in macroeconomic terms. This chapter concentrates on pertinent issues for childcare providers in sustaining their businesses within a changing economic and socioeconomic demand climate post-maturity. Such concerns are unlikely to centre on equity issues, the topic of this volume, but the sustenance of the private childcare market in the future will crucially highlight the incidence of equity for consumers. This chapter presents a macroeconomic perspective of the key levers which are likely to shape demand and supply for paid childcare in a market that has matured. Its focus centres on prospects in the UK for: childcare demand using data from population trends, demographics and employment dynamics; funding of childcare by private individuals, employers and the government; and the development and structure of supply which has reached maturity. The aim of the chapter is to identify the likely direction of macroeconomic trends for UK childcare markets in the future, especially in a weak economic environment.Less
Equitable access to childcare in the UK is largely choreographed by a dominant pay-as-you-go private market, which is now categorised as mature in macroeconomic terms. This chapter concentrates on pertinent issues for childcare providers in sustaining their businesses within a changing economic and socioeconomic demand climate post-maturity. Such concerns are unlikely to centre on equity issues, the topic of this volume, but the sustenance of the private childcare market in the future will crucially highlight the incidence of equity for consumers. This chapter presents a macroeconomic perspective of the key levers which are likely to shape demand and supply for paid childcare in a market that has matured. Its focus centres on prospects in the UK for: childcare demand using data from population trends, demographics and employment dynamics; funding of childcare by private individuals, employers and the government; and the development and structure of supply which has reached maturity. The aim of the chapter is to identify the likely direction of macroeconomic trends for UK childcare markets in the future, especially in a weak economic environment.
Yuriko Saito
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780823254491
- eISBN:
- 9780823261185
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823254491.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
Yuriko Saito argues for the broadening of environmental aesthetics’ scope from natural environments to mixed environments such as gardens, agricultural landscapes, urban environments, and its further ...
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Yuriko Saito argues for the broadening of environmental aesthetics’ scope from natural environments to mixed environments such as gardens, agricultural landscapes, urban environments, and its further expansion to include what Saito has called ‘everyday aesthetics’, i.e., all those ingredients that constitute our spatial environments, namely artefacts, human activities, and social relationships. The environment understood in this widest sense shapes the state of the world and the quality of life. Aesthetics plays a crucial, although often unrecognized, role in this ongoing world-making project, for better or worse. Environmental aesthetics can help cultivate aesthetic literacy so that we become aware of the power wielded by aesthetics, but it can also help to find ways of guiding aesthetically motivated decisions and actions toward better world-making.Less
Yuriko Saito argues for the broadening of environmental aesthetics’ scope from natural environments to mixed environments such as gardens, agricultural landscapes, urban environments, and its further expansion to include what Saito has called ‘everyday aesthetics’, i.e., all those ingredients that constitute our spatial environments, namely artefacts, human activities, and social relationships. The environment understood in this widest sense shapes the state of the world and the quality of life. Aesthetics plays a crucial, although often unrecognized, role in this ongoing world-making project, for better or worse. Environmental aesthetics can help cultivate aesthetic literacy so that we become aware of the power wielded by aesthetics, but it can also help to find ways of guiding aesthetically motivated decisions and actions toward better world-making.
Gloria González-López
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479855599
- eISBN:
- 9781479821402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479855599.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter offers a critical and detailed overview of the book and its contributions. It starts by briefly situating incest and sexual violence in the context of the current wave of drug ...
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This chapter offers a critical and detailed overview of the book and its contributions. It starts by briefly situating incest and sexual violence in the context of the current wave of drug trafficking-related violence in Mexico. Then the chapter outlines the study’s two major areas of contribution: (a) to theorizing on gender, sexuality, and family life and incest and Mexican society; and (b) to illuminating law- and social policy–related issues and concerns. A variety of issues affecting the well-being of individuals identified with LGBTQ-related identities and/or communities, and the Catholic Church and sexual violence against children and women are discussed. Final reflections are offered and specific suggestions laid out for future directions in research examining incest and sexual violence, exploring these vital issues in the context of socioeconomic marginality and rural life; secrets and silence; people with disabilities; queer desire and practices; U.S. Spanish-speaking communities and pop culture; the masculinity of men in incestuous families; rape and women’s bodies; racial discrimination and pigmentocracy; and incest across cultures beyond Mexico. This last chapter also offers the reader moving reflections about human resilience, family justice, and trauma.Less
This chapter offers a critical and detailed overview of the book and its contributions. It starts by briefly situating incest and sexual violence in the context of the current wave of drug trafficking-related violence in Mexico. Then the chapter outlines the study’s two major areas of contribution: (a) to theorizing on gender, sexuality, and family life and incest and Mexican society; and (b) to illuminating law- and social policy–related issues and concerns. A variety of issues affecting the well-being of individuals identified with LGBTQ-related identities and/or communities, and the Catholic Church and sexual violence against children and women are discussed. Final reflections are offered and specific suggestions laid out for future directions in research examining incest and sexual violence, exploring these vital issues in the context of socioeconomic marginality and rural life; secrets and silence; people with disabilities; queer desire and practices; U.S. Spanish-speaking communities and pop culture; the masculinity of men in incestuous families; rape and women’s bodies; racial discrimination and pigmentocracy; and incest across cultures beyond Mexico. This last chapter also offers the reader moving reflections about human resilience, family justice, and trauma.
Susan D. Carle
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199945740
- eISBN:
- 9780199369843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199945740.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century, Social History
This concluding chapter assesses the questions with which the book's narrative starts. It analyzes the complex political, legal, and social factors that influenced the way in which early ...
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This concluding chapter assesses the questions with which the book's narrative starts. It analyzes the complex political, legal, and social factors that influenced the way in which early twentieth-century national racial justice organizing developed as it did and assesses the balance between private institution building and demands for full citizenship inclusion that characterized activism during the period, suggesting that activists' work in the intersections of the public/private divide presents an area of legal civil rights history deserving far greater attention. Finally, the conclusion situates the book's narrative within the broader historiography of civil rights activism in the United States.Less
This concluding chapter assesses the questions with which the book's narrative starts. It analyzes the complex political, legal, and social factors that influenced the way in which early twentieth-century national racial justice organizing developed as it did and assesses the balance between private institution building and demands for full citizenship inclusion that characterized activism during the period, suggesting that activists' work in the intersections of the public/private divide presents an area of legal civil rights history deserving far greater attention. Finally, the conclusion situates the book's narrative within the broader historiography of civil rights activism in the United States.
Jamie M. Ostrov and Sarah M. Coyne
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190491826
- eISBN:
- 9780190491840
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0019
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
The rapid escalation of research on the development of relational aggression and related constructs has been truly remarkable. Our volume is designed to fill a void in the literature and focus on the ...
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The rapid escalation of research on the development of relational aggression and related constructs has been truly remarkable. Our volume is designed to fill a void in the literature and focus on the development of relational aggression. We conclude this volume by first reviewing some of the key points and implications from the prior chapters. Next, we discuss five future directions for the field: (1) conducting long-term longitudinal studies and adopting a lifespan perspective, (2) striving for advances in methods and technology, (3) using advanced statistics to address collinearity and co-occurrence among aggression subtypes, (4) exploring the role of other forms of aggression, and (5) embracing replication. Finally, we provide some concluding thoughts.Less
The rapid escalation of research on the development of relational aggression and related constructs has been truly remarkable. Our volume is designed to fill a void in the literature and focus on the development of relational aggression. We conclude this volume by first reviewing some of the key points and implications from the prior chapters. Next, we discuss five future directions for the field: (1) conducting long-term longitudinal studies and adopting a lifespan perspective, (2) striving for advances in methods and technology, (3) using advanced statistics to address collinearity and co-occurrence among aggression subtypes, (4) exploring the role of other forms of aggression, and (5) embracing replication. Finally, we provide some concluding thoughts.
Kenneth I. Maton
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199989973
- eISBN:
- 9780190628840
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199989973.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Social Psychology
Psychologists possess considerable potential to influence social policy in the public interest. To fully realize that potential, focused effort is required. This final chapter summarizes key themes ...
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Psychologists possess considerable potential to influence social policy in the public interest. To fully realize that potential, focused effort is required. This final chapter summarizes key themes and findings from the current research, and it offers a number of future directions in the realms of training, research, and action to increase the policy-influence capacity of the field. The chapter contains parting words from many of those interviewed, providing guidance and inspiration for those entering and continuing their work in the policy arena. The final quote is from Seymour Sarason, to whom the book is dedicated.Less
Psychologists possess considerable potential to influence social policy in the public interest. To fully realize that potential, focused effort is required. This final chapter summarizes key themes and findings from the current research, and it offers a number of future directions in the realms of training, research, and action to increase the policy-influence capacity of the field. The chapter contains parting words from many of those interviewed, providing guidance and inspiration for those entering and continuing their work in the policy arena. The final quote is from Seymour Sarason, to whom the book is dedicated.
Amir Raz
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199680702
- eISBN:
- 9780191760679
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680702.003.0015
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Clinical Psychology
This chapter highlights how this book integrates perspectives from medicine and social science to glimpse the many future directions of placebos. It discusses how the chapters build on a broad yet ...
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This chapter highlights how this book integrates perspectives from medicine and social science to glimpse the many future directions of placebos. It discusses how the chapters build on a broad yet cohesive body of evidence to examine placebos not only in clinical practice and research but also in education, government, industry, media, culture, and contemporary life. The chapter reiterates the scope of the book—from clinical trials and drug regulations, sub-therapeutic doses and psychiatry, ethics and deception, trust and the doctor–patient relationship, and medical training; to social, cultural, and ethnographic perspectives on the evidence and origins of placebo effects; to food and diet, memories, sex, and politics. The chapter suggests that the book promotes placebos as a promising therapeutic tool, a bourgeoning field of study, and a rich framework for interdisciplinary investigation. The chapter outlines all those who stand to benefit from such a compilation.Less
This chapter highlights how this book integrates perspectives from medicine and social science to glimpse the many future directions of placebos. It discusses how the chapters build on a broad yet cohesive body of evidence to examine placebos not only in clinical practice and research but also in education, government, industry, media, culture, and contemporary life. The chapter reiterates the scope of the book—from clinical trials and drug regulations, sub-therapeutic doses and psychiatry, ethics and deception, trust and the doctor–patient relationship, and medical training; to social, cultural, and ethnographic perspectives on the evidence and origins of placebo effects; to food and diet, memories, sex, and politics. The chapter suggests that the book promotes placebos as a promising therapeutic tool, a bourgeoning field of study, and a rich framework for interdisciplinary investigation. The chapter outlines all those who stand to benefit from such a compilation.
Nadia E. Brown
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199352432
- eISBN:
- 9780199352456
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199352432.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Chapter 7 reviews the theoretical arguments and summarizes the findings of the empirical chapters. It points to the benefit of using Black women’s voices as starting points for the analysis of their ...
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Chapter 7 reviews the theoretical arguments and summarizes the findings of the empirical chapters. It points to the benefit of using Black women’s voices as starting points for the analysis of their political behavior. Taken as a whole, Black women’s identities play an important role in debates within legislatures and within their own decision-making processes. The chapter highlights the potential of employing intersectionality as an analytical tool for achieving a better understanding of the complexities of political representation carried out by African American women who are elected to office. The chapter concludes by proffering the need for Black women’s studies within political science as a future direction for the discipline.Less
Chapter 7 reviews the theoretical arguments and summarizes the findings of the empirical chapters. It points to the benefit of using Black women’s voices as starting points for the analysis of their political behavior. Taken as a whole, Black women’s identities play an important role in debates within legislatures and within their own decision-making processes. The chapter highlights the potential of employing intersectionality as an analytical tool for achieving a better understanding of the complexities of political representation carried out by African American women who are elected to office. The chapter concludes by proffering the need for Black women’s studies within political science as a future direction for the discipline.
Daniel M. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781503605053
- eISBN:
- 9781503606401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503605053.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter concludes the book by drawing together the key empirical findings and reflecting on the lessons that Japan’s experience with dynastic politics might hold for other democracies, such as ...
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This chapter concludes the book by drawing together the key empirical findings and reflecting on the lessons that Japan’s experience with dynastic politics might hold for other democracies, such as India and the Philippines, where dynasties have been viewed as a growing problem in recent years, and Ireland, where politics is still in many ways a family affair. The key challenge is how to transform party organizations from decentralized cadres of local notables into coherent vehicles for programmatic policies. The experience of Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party, viewed through the lens of dynastic politics, sheds important light on the possibilities and challenges involved in institutional design and reform.Less
This chapter concludes the book by drawing together the key empirical findings and reflecting on the lessons that Japan’s experience with dynastic politics might hold for other democracies, such as India and the Philippines, where dynasties have been viewed as a growing problem in recent years, and Ireland, where politics is still in many ways a family affair. The key challenge is how to transform party organizations from decentralized cadres of local notables into coherent vehicles for programmatic policies. The experience of Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party, viewed through the lens of dynastic politics, sheds important light on the possibilities and challenges involved in institutional design and reform.
Donald Zillman, Martha Roggenkamp, LeRoy Paddock, and Lee Godden
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198822080
- eISBN:
- 9780191861161
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0023
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
The final chapter links contemporary political and economic developments with an historical overview of innovation in energy technologies and energy transition. In order to achieve the goals of the ...
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The final chapter links contemporary political and economic developments with an historical overview of innovation in energy technologies and energy transition. In order to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement both technological innovation and legal innovation will be essential and wide-ranging. This chapter canvasses the role of governing legal frameworks in facilitating energy innovation. Against this background it provides a summary of the key conclusions from the various chapters and discusses energy law, energy globalization, and energy nationalism. The chapter provides predictions of future directions in energy law and transformation by reference to the three factors of energy markets and new actors, climate change and sustainability, and energy security.Less
The final chapter links contemporary political and economic developments with an historical overview of innovation in energy technologies and energy transition. In order to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement both technological innovation and legal innovation will be essential and wide-ranging. This chapter canvasses the role of governing legal frameworks in facilitating energy innovation. Against this background it provides a summary of the key conclusions from the various chapters and discusses energy law, energy globalization, and energy nationalism. The chapter provides predictions of future directions in energy law and transformation by reference to the three factors of energy markets and new actors, climate change and sustainability, and energy security.
Jennifer O'Meara
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474420624
- eISBN:
- 9781474449564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474420624.003.0009
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This conclusion brings together the book’s key findings in relation to dialogue in selected American independent cinema. It surmises that such speech is often written, performed, recorded and ...
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This conclusion brings together the book’s key findings in relation to dialogue in selected American independent cinema. It surmises that such speech is often written, performed, recorded and integrated in such ways that audiences construct meaning by joining the dialogue dots, or filling in the dialogue blanks. Individual lines are rarely memorable, yet this is not found to be a weakness of such independent film dialogue. Instead, it is the outcome of speech that is carefully entwined with the films’ various components. The remembering and repetition of specific lines by audioviewers is uncommon in these cases precisely because the language accumulates meaning through its execution in the finished film. Instead, indie dialogue can operates on complex levels that allows for alternative forms of audience pleasure. Overall, such dialogue is found to be characterized by: (1) alternations between verbal efficiency and excess; (2) ‘gaps’ in verbal meaning and (3) the reflexive, exaggerated treatment of mainstream dialogue norms. The book’s conclusion relates such cinematic forms of verbalism back to independent and art cinemas more broadly. It also identifies future research directions.Less
This conclusion brings together the book’s key findings in relation to dialogue in selected American independent cinema. It surmises that such speech is often written, performed, recorded and integrated in such ways that audiences construct meaning by joining the dialogue dots, or filling in the dialogue blanks. Individual lines are rarely memorable, yet this is not found to be a weakness of such independent film dialogue. Instead, it is the outcome of speech that is carefully entwined with the films’ various components. The remembering and repetition of specific lines by audioviewers is uncommon in these cases precisely because the language accumulates meaning through its execution in the finished film. Instead, indie dialogue can operates on complex levels that allows for alternative forms of audience pleasure. Overall, such dialogue is found to be characterized by: (1) alternations between verbal efficiency and excess; (2) ‘gaps’ in verbal meaning and (3) the reflexive, exaggerated treatment of mainstream dialogue norms. The book’s conclusion relates such cinematic forms of verbalism back to independent and art cinemas more broadly. It also identifies future research directions.
Gary G. Mittelbach and Brian J. McGill
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198835851
- eISBN:
- 9780191873379
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198835851.003.0017
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter reflects on the successes achieved and challenges that remain in the study of ecological communities. It concludes with a discussion of research topics expected to occupy the attention ...
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This chapter reflects on the successes achieved and challenges that remain in the study of ecological communities. It concludes with a discussion of research topics expected to occupy the attention of community ecologists for the next decade or so and that may yield big dividends in terms of understanding the processes that structure communities and govern their functioning. These include metacommunities and the integration of local and regional processes; the drivers of regional biodiversity; community assembly and functional traits; pathogens, parasites and natural enemies; biodiversity and ecosystem functioning; changing technology will change how we collect data; eco-evolutionary feedbacks and regional pool processes; climate change, and its effects on species distributions and species interactions; and the role of time.Less
This chapter reflects on the successes achieved and challenges that remain in the study of ecological communities. It concludes with a discussion of research topics expected to occupy the attention of community ecologists for the next decade or so and that may yield big dividends in terms of understanding the processes that structure communities and govern their functioning. These include metacommunities and the integration of local and regional processes; the drivers of regional biodiversity; community assembly and functional traits; pathogens, parasites and natural enemies; biodiversity and ecosystem functioning; changing technology will change how we collect data; eco-evolutionary feedbacks and regional pool processes; climate change, and its effects on species distributions and species interactions; and the role of time.
Sara Arber and Virpi Timonen
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781847429681
- eISBN:
- 9781447307624
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847429681.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
The final chapter provides an overview of how grandparenting is influenced by cultural norms and welfare policies, as well as global trends associated with demographic changes, migration and ...
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The final chapter provides an overview of how grandparenting is influenced by cultural norms and welfare policies, as well as global trends associated with demographic changes, migration and increases in women's employment. The importance of examining the doing of grandparenting is emphasised, together with the value of using a relational perspective to understand the negotiated nature of grandparent - adult child - grandchild relationships and the agency of each party within these three generational relationships. Key cross cutting dimensions include the salience of gender, age (or generation), marital status, and structured inequalities associated with class and material resources. The chapter shows how themes addressed in this book represent a rich arena for future research, given the rapid pace of relevant societal changes and the fact that grandparenting is increasingly at the fulcrum of family relationships.Less
The final chapter provides an overview of how grandparenting is influenced by cultural norms and welfare policies, as well as global trends associated with demographic changes, migration and increases in women's employment. The importance of examining the doing of grandparenting is emphasised, together with the value of using a relational perspective to understand the negotiated nature of grandparent - adult child - grandchild relationships and the agency of each party within these three generational relationships. Key cross cutting dimensions include the salience of gender, age (or generation), marital status, and structured inequalities associated with class and material resources. The chapter shows how themes addressed in this book represent a rich arena for future research, given the rapid pace of relevant societal changes and the fact that grandparenting is increasingly at the fulcrum of family relationships.
D.N. Singh
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199458424
- eISBN:
- 9780199086764
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199458424.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Transport Geography in general has a rich tradition of theoretical and empirical research. But as the literature suggests, it has rather been a neglected field in India. There is noticeable lack of ...
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Transport Geography in general has a rich tradition of theoretical and empirical research. But as the literature suggests, it has rather been a neglected field in India. There is noticeable lack of interest of institutions in the study (as a full- fledged course) and research in this branch of geography, which is evident from dearth of robust data and reading materials. Broadly, some neglected areas of research may be identified. To mention a few, structure of rural transportation, transport requirement and problems of various hierarchies of towns, revitalization of inland navigation at different levels, the role of modern air transport as an inter-regional force of economic development etc. The future studies may be directed towards (a) analysis of structure of transportation networks through appropriate graph–theoretic measures,(b) critical examination of the composition as well as magnitude of the flow and(c) their mutual relationship with the economy. Serious work on trade and marketing, which seem to have disappeared from the research radar of geography need to be restored and revitalized on modern lines.Less
Transport Geography in general has a rich tradition of theoretical and empirical research. But as the literature suggests, it has rather been a neglected field in India. There is noticeable lack of interest of institutions in the study (as a full- fledged course) and research in this branch of geography, which is evident from dearth of robust data and reading materials. Broadly, some neglected areas of research may be identified. To mention a few, structure of rural transportation, transport requirement and problems of various hierarchies of towns, revitalization of inland navigation at different levels, the role of modern air transport as an inter-regional force of economic development etc. The future studies may be directed towards (a) analysis of structure of transportation networks through appropriate graph–theoretic measures,(b) critical examination of the composition as well as magnitude of the flow and(c) their mutual relationship with the economy. Serious work on trade and marketing, which seem to have disappeared from the research radar of geography need to be restored and revitalized on modern lines.
Stephen Nowicki and Marshall P. Duke
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190257040
- eISBN:
- 9780190634834
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190257040.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Since its introduction by Julian Rotter in 1966, the construct of locus of control of reinforcement (LOC-R) appears to have evolved from a fairly clear and measurable variable into a complex system ...
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Since its introduction by Julian Rotter in 1966, the construct of locus of control of reinforcement (LOC-R) appears to have evolved from a fairly clear and measurable variable into a complex system of varying definitions, measures, and applications. In this chapter, the authors review and evaluate this evolution. They first revisit the origins of LOC, then examine the adequacy and implications of the proliferation of terms like “perceived control” and others akin to it. The authors offer several examples of research paths that, in retrospect, they believe to have been salutary. Finally, based on their 45 year involvement in the study of LOC, they critically examine what they believe are the strengths and weaknesses in the literature on LOC and offer suggestions for future empirical and theoretical directions.Less
Since its introduction by Julian Rotter in 1966, the construct of locus of control of reinforcement (LOC-R) appears to have evolved from a fairly clear and measurable variable into a complex system of varying definitions, measures, and applications. In this chapter, the authors review and evaluate this evolution. They first revisit the origins of LOC, then examine the adequacy and implications of the proliferation of terms like “perceived control” and others akin to it. The authors offer several examples of research paths that, in retrospect, they believe to have been salutary. Finally, based on their 45 year involvement in the study of LOC, they critically examine what they believe are the strengths and weaknesses in the literature on LOC and offer suggestions for future empirical and theoretical directions.
Edmund T. Rolls
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- July 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198845997
- eISBN:
- 9780191881237
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198845997.003.0010
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems
A synthesis is provided of how the functions of the orbitofrontal cortex fit into the organization of the primate including human brain, in terms of its roles as the key brain area involved in ...
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A synthesis is provided of how the functions of the orbitofrontal cortex fit into the organization of the primate including human brain, in terms of its roles as the key brain area involved in processing rewards and punishers, and in learning about them. These roles make it the crucial brain system for emotion. Possible future directions in the development of our understanding of the orbitofrontal cortex in health and disease, including depression, are highlighted.Less
A synthesis is provided of how the functions of the orbitofrontal cortex fit into the organization of the primate including human brain, in terms of its roles as the key brain area involved in processing rewards and punishers, and in learning about them. These roles make it the crucial brain system for emotion. Possible future directions in the development of our understanding of the orbitofrontal cortex in health and disease, including depression, are highlighted.
David W. Pfennig and Karin S. Pfennig
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780520274181
- eISBN:
- 9780520954045
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520274181.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
Character displacement is well supported theoretically and empirically, and it plays a key, and often decisive, role in generating and maintaining biodiversity. Yet a number of important issues ...
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Character displacement is well supported theoretically and empirically, and it plays a key, and often decisive, role in generating and maintaining biodiversity. Yet a number of important issues regarding the causes and consequences of character displacement remain unresolved. Additional research into character displacement promises to have far-reaching ramifications. Indeed, because character displacement is central in the origins, abundance, and distribution of biodiversity, understanding character displacement's causes and consequences can shed light onto some of the most fundamental issues in evolutionary biology and ecology, including how new species arise, diversify, and coexist.Less
Character displacement is well supported theoretically and empirically, and it plays a key, and often decisive, role in generating and maintaining biodiversity. Yet a number of important issues regarding the causes and consequences of character displacement remain unresolved. Additional research into character displacement promises to have far-reaching ramifications. Indeed, because character displacement is central in the origins, abundance, and distribution of biodiversity, understanding character displacement's causes and consequences can shed light onto some of the most fundamental issues in evolutionary biology and ecology, including how new species arise, diversify, and coexist.
Franco De Angelis
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780195170474
- eISBN:
- 9780190465339
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195170474.003.0006
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter brings together all the conclusions from the individual chapters and relates them to previous conclusions to tell a new story about Greek Sicily. In it, we return to the more general ...
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This chapter brings together all the conclusions from the individual chapters and relates them to previous conclusions to tell a new story about Greek Sicily. In it, we return to the more general question of the role of Greeks in the making of ancient Sicily. Edward Freeman argued in the 1890s that the ancient Greeks created our current image of ancient Sicily. That such an open-minded world historian singled out the ancient Greeks alone as having been behind Sicily’s success and character is what makes his statements about the role of Hellenism in making ancient Sicily the attractive model to test. Current evidence corroborates this view, and can stand if it includes the collaboration of native and other peoples. The chapter ends by considering the general role that social and economic questions can have in future studies of Greek Sicily and outlines some possible future directions.Less
This chapter brings together all the conclusions from the individual chapters and relates them to previous conclusions to tell a new story about Greek Sicily. In it, we return to the more general question of the role of Greeks in the making of ancient Sicily. Edward Freeman argued in the 1890s that the ancient Greeks created our current image of ancient Sicily. That such an open-minded world historian singled out the ancient Greeks alone as having been behind Sicily’s success and character is what makes his statements about the role of Hellenism in making ancient Sicily the attractive model to test. Current evidence corroborates this view, and can stand if it includes the collaboration of native and other peoples. The chapter ends by considering the general role that social and economic questions can have in future studies of Greek Sicily and outlines some possible future directions.
