George Anastaplo
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125336
- eISBN:
- 9780813135243
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125336.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines life and not-life in Thucydides' funeral oration. It notes that it seems customary, for those who delivered funeral orations in the orator's city, to “praise the one who made ...
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This chapter examines life and not-life in Thucydides' funeral oration. It notes that it seems customary, for those who delivered funeral orations in the orator's city, to “praise the one who made this [kind of] speech a part of [the] law, saying that it is noble that a speech be delivered over those being buried after falling in war.” It further notes that the orator opened, in this way, his own funeral address, recorded in the account of the Peloponnesian War provided by Thucydides. It further notes however, that the orator immediately voiced reservations about the accepted practice, thereby calling into question the judgement of his predecessors. It observes that the emphasis in this funeral oration is upon the living as it is evident in the opening remarks which recognize the accomplishments of the audience's ancestors, but not without going on to acclaim the recent generations, and even more the present generation, as superior.Less
This chapter examines life and not-life in Thucydides' funeral oration. It notes that it seems customary, for those who delivered funeral orations in the orator's city, to “praise the one who made this [kind of] speech a part of [the] law, saying that it is noble that a speech be delivered over those being buried after falling in war.” It further notes that the orator opened, in this way, his own funeral address, recorded in the account of the Peloponnesian War provided by Thucydides. It further notes however, that the orator immediately voiced reservations about the accepted practice, thereby calling into question the judgement of his predecessors. It observes that the emphasis in this funeral oration is upon the living as it is evident in the opening remarks which recognize the accomplishments of the audience's ancestors, but not without going on to acclaim the recent generations, and even more the present generation, as superior.
Andrew R. Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199288656
- eISBN:
- 9780191710759
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288656.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter examines two areas of practice to illustrate how Ulster Presbyterians perceived both life and death. Section one deals with wakes, their social character, the various popular beliefs ...
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This chapter examines two areas of practice to illustrate how Ulster Presbyterians perceived both life and death. Section one deals with wakes, their social character, the various popular beliefs that surrounded death, and the efforts of the Presbyterian authorities to reform perceived abuses. Section two examines the rituals of the deathbed, specifically the differences and shared experiences of evangelical and liberal Presbyterians as they attempted to ‘die well’.Less
This chapter examines two areas of practice to illustrate how Ulster Presbyterians perceived both life and death. Section one deals with wakes, their social character, the various popular beliefs that surrounded death, and the efforts of the Presbyterian authorities to reform perceived abuses. Section two examines the rituals of the deathbed, specifically the differences and shared experiences of evangelical and liberal Presbyterians as they attempted to ‘die well’.
David Albert Jones
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199213009
- eISBN:
- 9780191707179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213009.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter examines the clergy's core task of leading worship in their parishes. It explores the evidence about Sunday services, about how frequently they were held, the manner in which they were ...
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This chapter examines the clergy's core task of leading worship in their parishes. It explores the evidence about Sunday services, about how frequently they were held, the manner in which they were conducted, the conscientiousness or not of the clergy, the frequency of weekday services, and the frequency and manner of celebrating Holy Communion. The extent of the participation of lay people in conducting worship is examined, especially in terms of music, in choirs, and the attitude of the clergy to this. The observation of Church fasts and festivals is examined, as well as the involvement of clergy in communal celebrations, such as fairs and friendly societies. The role of the clergy in churchings, baptisms, and weddings, including ‘clandestine marriage’, involving more or less serious legal irregularities in conducting a marriage, is investigated.Less
This chapter examines the clergy's core task of leading worship in their parishes. It explores the evidence about Sunday services, about how frequently they were held, the manner in which they were conducted, the conscientiousness or not of the clergy, the frequency of weekday services, and the frequency and manner of celebrating Holy Communion. The extent of the participation of lay people in conducting worship is examined, especially in terms of music, in choirs, and the attitude of the clergy to this. The observation of Church fasts and festivals is examined, as well as the involvement of clergy in communal celebrations, such as fairs and friendly societies. The role of the clergy in churchings, baptisms, and weddings, including ‘clandestine marriage’, involving more or less serious legal irregularities in conducting a marriage, is investigated.
Amy Nelson Burnett
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195305760
- eISBN:
- 9780199784912
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195305760.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The pastor’s pedagogical role dominated in all aspects of Reformed pastoral care: administering the sacraments of baptism and the Lord’s Supper, visiting the sick, and preaching at funerals. Basel ...
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The pastor’s pedagogical role dominated in all aspects of Reformed pastoral care: administering the sacraments of baptism and the Lord’s Supper, visiting the sick, and preaching at funerals. Basel retained certain medieval practices, such as the acceptance of godparents and sickbed visitation with communion, although it modified them in accordance with evangelical doctrine. Other practices, such as emergency baptism by midwives, were gradually eliminated as Basel moved into greater conformity with other Reformed churches. Basel’s pastors shared the responsibility for church discipline with lay officials. Although complaints about individual parishioners persist, visitation reports from the early 17th century give a positive picture of religious belief and practice in Basel’s rural parishes and the development of a Reformed religious culture.Less
The pastor’s pedagogical role dominated in all aspects of Reformed pastoral care: administering the sacraments of baptism and the Lord’s Supper, visiting the sick, and preaching at funerals. Basel retained certain medieval practices, such as the acceptance of godparents and sickbed visitation with communion, although it modified them in accordance with evangelical doctrine. Other practices, such as emergency baptism by midwives, were gradually eliminated as Basel moved into greater conformity with other Reformed churches. Basel’s pastors shared the responsibility for church discipline with lay officials. Although complaints about individual parishioners persist, visitation reports from the early 17th century give a positive picture of religious belief and practice in Basel’s rural parishes and the development of a Reformed religious culture.
Lynne Dale Halamish and Doron Hermoni
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195325379
- eISBN:
- 9780199999811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325379.003.0010
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter discusses the factors to consider in taking children to funerals, describing the case of Naomi, who decided to take all her daughters to the funeral of her grandmother. It suggests that ...
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This chapter discusses the factors to consider in taking children to funerals, describing the case of Naomi, who decided to take all her daughters to the funeral of her grandmother. It suggests that it is important to take children to funerals and not to send them to school or kindergarten during the formal mourning period. The chapter also highlights the importance of explaining to children what they are expected to do at the funeral or formal mourning rituals.Less
This chapter discusses the factors to consider in taking children to funerals, describing the case of Naomi, who decided to take all her daughters to the funeral of her grandmother. It suggests that it is important to take children to funerals and not to send them to school or kindergarten during the formal mourning period. The chapter also highlights the importance of explaining to children what they are expected to do at the funeral or formal mourning rituals.
Lynne Dale Halamish and Doron Hermoni
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195325379
- eISBN:
- 9780199999811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325379.003.0024
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter discusses the issue concerning who should be part of the mourning rituals. It describes the case of Edna, a woman in her seventies, who was having second thoughts about letting her ...
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This chapter discusses the issue concerning who should be part of the mourning rituals. It describes the case of Edna, a woman in her seventies, who was having second thoughts about letting her children attend the funeral of her husband or their father because of some conflict. The chapter suggests including as many people as possible in the support network in order to lessen the load on each grieving individual, and also to lesson the possibility of resentment between family members. All family members should attend the formal mourning rituals.Less
This chapter discusses the issue concerning who should be part of the mourning rituals. It describes the case of Edna, a woman in her seventies, who was having second thoughts about letting her children attend the funeral of her husband or their father because of some conflict. The chapter suggests including as many people as possible in the support network in order to lessen the load on each grieving individual, and also to lesson the possibility of resentment between family members. All family members should attend the formal mourning rituals.
Denise Carson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520251083
- eISBN:
- 9780520949416
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520251083.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
This book explores the emergence of new end-of-life rituals in America that celebrate the dying and reinvent the roles of family and community at the deathbed. The author of this book contrasts her ...
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This book explores the emergence of new end-of-life rituals in America that celebrate the dying and reinvent the roles of family and community at the deathbed. The author of this book contrasts her father's passing in the 1980s, governed by the structures of institutionalized death, with her mother's death some two decades later. The book's moving account of her mother's dying at home vividly portrays a ceremonial farewell known as a living wake, showing how it closed the gap between social and biological death while opening the door for family and friends to reminisce with her mother. The book also investigates a variety of solutions–living funerals, oral ethical wills, and home funerals–that revise the impending death scenario. Integrating the profoundly personal with the objectively historical, this book calls for an “end of life revolution” to change the way of death in America.Less
This book explores the emergence of new end-of-life rituals in America that celebrate the dying and reinvent the roles of family and community at the deathbed. The author of this book contrasts her father's passing in the 1980s, governed by the structures of institutionalized death, with her mother's death some two decades later. The book's moving account of her mother's dying at home vividly portrays a ceremonial farewell known as a living wake, showing how it closed the gap between social and biological death while opening the door for family and friends to reminisce with her mother. The book also investigates a variety of solutions–living funerals, oral ethical wills, and home funerals–that revise the impending death scenario. Integrating the profoundly personal with the objectively historical, this book calls for an “end of life revolution” to change the way of death in America.
L. A. Swift
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199577842
- eISBN:
- 9780191722622
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577842.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Poetry and Poets: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter explores how Greek tragedy evokes Thrēnos and other forms of ritual funerary song. The chapter begins with a discussion of the Greek ritual lament, and seeks continuities between the ...
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This chapter explores how Greek tragedy evokes Thrēnos and other forms of ritual funerary song. The chapter begins with a discussion of the Greek ritual lament, and seeks continuities between the various forms such as women's lament, Thrēnos, funerary epigram. It also discusses the role that funerary legislation played in changing the nature of funeral song, and the effect that this would have had on a fifth‐century audience's understanding of ritual lament. The chapter discusses three plays which place particular emphasis on the conventions of lament: Aeschylus' Persians, Sophocles' Electra, and Euripides' Alcestis. Each of these plays uses lament to represent ethical ideas to do with moderation and social convention, highlighting the politicized role that lamentation had accrued by this period.Less
This chapter explores how Greek tragedy evokes Thrēnos and other forms of ritual funerary song. The chapter begins with a discussion of the Greek ritual lament, and seeks continuities between the various forms such as women's lament, Thrēnos, funerary epigram. It also discusses the role that funerary legislation played in changing the nature of funeral song, and the effect that this would have had on a fifth‐century audience's understanding of ritual lament. The chapter discusses three plays which place particular emphasis on the conventions of lament: Aeschylus' Persians, Sophocles' Electra, and Euripides' Alcestis. Each of these plays uses lament to represent ethical ideas to do with moderation and social convention, highlighting the politicized role that lamentation had accrued by this period.
William Kostlevy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195377842
- eISBN:
- 9780199777204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377842.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The defection of the MCA mission in Los Angeles to Pentecostalism in 1906 played an important role in the Azusa Street Revival. MCA evangelist A. G. Garr urged MCA adherents in Los Angeles to attend ...
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The defection of the MCA mission in Los Angeles to Pentecostalism in 1906 played an important role in the Azusa Street Revival. MCA evangelist A. G. Garr urged MCA adherents in Los Angeles to attend nearby revival meetings led by William Seymour. A. G. and Lillian Anderson Garr embraced the Pentecostal experience and spread the message to India where Garr played a key role spreading Pentecostalism and in the reinterpretation of the meaning of the Pentecostal his experience. Other central emphasize of the MCA entered early Pentecostalism including the notion of restitution and the rejection of divorce and remarriage. In Wisconsin F. M. Messenger invented the Scripture Text Calendar, a decorative art calendar, to fund the MCA and spread the gospel.Less
The defection of the MCA mission in Los Angeles to Pentecostalism in 1906 played an important role in the Azusa Street Revival. MCA evangelist A. G. Garr urged MCA adherents in Los Angeles to attend nearby revival meetings led by William Seymour. A. G. and Lillian Anderson Garr embraced the Pentecostal experience and spread the message to India where Garr played a key role spreading Pentecostalism and in the reinterpretation of the meaning of the Pentecostal his experience. Other central emphasize of the MCA entered early Pentecostalism including the notion of restitution and the rejection of divorce and remarriage. In Wisconsin F. M. Messenger invented the Scripture Text Calendar, a decorative art calendar, to fund the MCA and spread the gospel.
Karen B. Westerfield Tucker
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195126983
- eISBN:
- 9780199834754
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019512698X.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Compared with marriage rites, Methodist burial rites and performances of funerals changed relatively slowly over two centuries. Such conservatism, however, masks the shifts in pastoral and ...
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Compared with marriage rites, Methodist burial rites and performances of funerals changed relatively slowly over two centuries. Such conservatism, however, masks the shifts in pastoral and theological understandings of bereavement, dying, death, resurrection, and eschatology that took place during that time among Methodists and within the wider society. These adjustments can be measured by the contents of funeral sermons, topics addressed in hymnals, changes in funerary customs for both the living and the dead, and alterations in the ritual text.Less
Compared with marriage rites, Methodist burial rites and performances of funerals changed relatively slowly over two centuries. Such conservatism, however, masks the shifts in pastoral and theological understandings of bereavement, dying, death, resurrection, and eschatology that took place during that time among Methodists and within the wider society. These adjustments can be measured by the contents of funeral sermons, topics addressed in hymnals, changes in funerary customs for both the living and the dead, and alterations in the ritual text.
Amy Welborn
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374360
- eISBN:
- 9780199871902
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374360.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter describes coverage of Pope John-Paul II’s funeral and appraisals of the incoming Benedict XVI. Direct coverage of the occasions themselves was usually very good, especially because ...
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This chapter describes coverage of Pope John-Paul II’s funeral and appraisals of the incoming Benedict XVI. Direct coverage of the occasions themselves was usually very good, especially because experts were drawn in to comment. However, the assessments of the two men, especially in the print media, were frequently askew because journalists knew little about the history and the authority structure of the Catholic Church, and equally little about current trends within Catholicism. While there was considerable attention to the Pope’s role in undercutting communism, something that journalists felt more at home covering, much of the portrayal remained fixed within a template of “authoritarian Popes vs. American liberal Catholics.” The extensive criticism that John-Paul II received from conservative Catholics was neglected, as was the fact that in recent years the most important disciplinary actions were directed at conservatives.Less
This chapter describes coverage of Pope John-Paul II’s funeral and appraisals of the incoming Benedict XVI. Direct coverage of the occasions themselves was usually very good, especially because experts were drawn in to comment. However, the assessments of the two men, especially in the print media, were frequently askew because journalists knew little about the history and the authority structure of the Catholic Church, and equally little about current trends within Catholicism. While there was considerable attention to the Pope’s role in undercutting communism, something that journalists felt more at home covering, much of the portrayal remained fixed within a template of “authoritarian Popes vs. American liberal Catholics.” The extensive criticism that John-Paul II received from conservative Catholics was neglected, as was the fact that in recent years the most important disciplinary actions were directed at conservatives.
Roland Enmarch
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265420
- eISBN:
- 9780191760471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265420.003.0006
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
‘Laments’ have long been recognised as an important and long-lived part of Egyptian written culture, appearing in widely differing contexts, including as captions to mourning scenes in tombs from the ...
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‘Laments’ have long been recognised as an important and long-lived part of Egyptian written culture, appearing in widely differing contexts, including as captions to mourning scenes in tombs from the Old Kingdom onwards, as liturgical laments uttered by Isis and Nephthys in mortuary texts, and as an important component of the literary style of Middle Egyptian pessimistic literature. The heterogeneous nature of these sources presents problems in arriving at a satisfactory definition for a ‘lament’ genre as a whole, and raises questions as to just how closely related these different written traditions are. While the style of literary laments in particular has often been described as originating from funerary dirges, the evidence for this is chronologically problematic and other generic influences have alternatively been posited. This chapter establishes stylistic and structural criteria to enable a more detailed analysis of the different kinds of lament, and their possible interrelationship.Less
‘Laments’ have long been recognised as an important and long-lived part of Egyptian written culture, appearing in widely differing contexts, including as captions to mourning scenes in tombs from the Old Kingdom onwards, as liturgical laments uttered by Isis and Nephthys in mortuary texts, and as an important component of the literary style of Middle Egyptian pessimistic literature. The heterogeneous nature of these sources presents problems in arriving at a satisfactory definition for a ‘lament’ genre as a whole, and raises questions as to just how closely related these different written traditions are. While the style of literary laments in particular has often been described as originating from funerary dirges, the evidence for this is chronologically problematic and other generic influences have alternatively been posited. This chapter establishes stylistic and structural criteria to enable a more detailed analysis of the different kinds of lament, and their possible interrelationship.
Kathleen Garces‐Foley
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195335224
- eISBN:
- 9780199868810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335224.003.0015
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
In the classroom we can light incense, listen to dirges, watch videos of funerals, and pass around a cremation urn, but these encounters with the intersection of death and religion are taken out of ...
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In the classroom we can light incense, listen to dirges, watch videos of funerals, and pass around a cremation urn, but these encounters with the intersection of death and religion are taken out of their social context. By moving students beyond the classroom, we force them to step beyond the comfort of academic distance and encounter religion and death on their own terms. This chapter describes the pedagogical benefits of site visits and how they can enhance the study of death from a “lived religion” perspective. It also explores ethical issues arising from site visits and suggests practical ways to maximize the success of the site visit, from planning the trip to student preparation through the follow-up analysis. Lastly, it offers specific suggestions for visits to the most common sites used in death courses, namely cemeteries and funeral homes.Less
In the classroom we can light incense, listen to dirges, watch videos of funerals, and pass around a cremation urn, but these encounters with the intersection of death and religion are taken out of their social context. By moving students beyond the classroom, we force them to step beyond the comfort of academic distance and encounter religion and death on their own terms. This chapter describes the pedagogical benefits of site visits and how they can enhance the study of death from a “lived religion” perspective. It also explores ethical issues arising from site visits and suggests practical ways to maximize the success of the site visit, from planning the trip to student preparation through the follow-up analysis. Lastly, it offers specific suggestions for visits to the most common sites used in death courses, namely cemeteries and funeral homes.
Gary Laderman
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195183559
- eISBN:
- 9780199850198
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183559.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
By the start of the 20th century, the relationship between the living and the dead in the United States had begun to change dramatically. In many ways, the intimacy that had connected the physical ...
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By the start of the 20th century, the relationship between the living and the dead in the United States had begun to change dramatically. In many ways, the intimacy that had connected the physical remains with a community of family and friends was gradually being supplanted by a gaping social divide. In large part, the divide was produced by three social factors: changes in demographic patterns, the rise of hospitals as places of dying, and the growth of modern funeral homes. Decreasing mortality trends, increasing longevity, and the rise of the hospital system allowed the funeral industry to take root, and flourish, in American society. The number of funeral homes around the country grew rapidly and funeral directors achieved an air of authority in mortal matters. Embalming became a standard in the preparation of the dead for disposal. Jessica Mitford was on the right track when she identified a “new mythology” emanating from industry rhetoric to legitimate business and ritual changes in the details of modern American funerals.Less
By the start of the 20th century, the relationship between the living and the dead in the United States had begun to change dramatically. In many ways, the intimacy that had connected the physical remains with a community of family and friends was gradually being supplanted by a gaping social divide. In large part, the divide was produced by three social factors: changes in demographic patterns, the rise of hospitals as places of dying, and the growth of modern funeral homes. Decreasing mortality trends, increasing longevity, and the rise of the hospital system allowed the funeral industry to take root, and flourish, in American society. The number of funeral homes around the country grew rapidly and funeral directors achieved an air of authority in mortal matters. Embalming became a standard in the preparation of the dead for disposal. Jessica Mitford was on the right track when she identified a “new mythology” emanating from industry rhetoric to legitimate business and ritual changes in the details of modern American funerals.
Gary Laderman
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195183559
- eISBN:
- 9780199850198
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183559.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The funeral industry was generating billions of dollars for funeral directors, casket and vault manufacturers, cemetery owners, florists, embalming-chemical companies, and other burial-related ...
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The funeral industry was generating billions of dollars for funeral directors, casket and vault manufacturers, cemetery owners, florists, embalming-chemical companies, and other burial-related businesses in the early 1960s. Receipts for funeral services rendered during the first half of the 20th century give some indication of the reach and range of transactions taking place in the name of the dead. On the other hand, receipts also misrepresent some of the details of these transactions—especially in the early decades of the century—making them highly questionable as accurate records of labor, pricing, and profit. By the middle of the century, funeral directors had become acutely aware of the need to account for their time. The escalating public attacks and calls for reform ensured that undertakers learn more sophisticated methods of detailing every step taken in the burial of the dead. One of the earliest and most important moments of public debate about the treatment of the dead in the United States occurred after World War I.Less
The funeral industry was generating billions of dollars for funeral directors, casket and vault manufacturers, cemetery owners, florists, embalming-chemical companies, and other burial-related businesses in the early 1960s. Receipts for funeral services rendered during the first half of the 20th century give some indication of the reach and range of transactions taking place in the name of the dead. On the other hand, receipts also misrepresent some of the details of these transactions—especially in the early decades of the century—making them highly questionable as accurate records of labor, pricing, and profit. By the middle of the century, funeral directors had become acutely aware of the need to account for their time. The escalating public attacks and calls for reform ensured that undertakers learn more sophisticated methods of detailing every step taken in the burial of the dead. One of the earliest and most important moments of public debate about the treatment of the dead in the United States occurred after World War I.
Ondrej Beránek and Pavel Tupek
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474417570
- eISBN:
- 9781474444774
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474417570.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
In various parts of the Islamic world over the past decades, virulent attacks have targeted Islamic funeral and sacral architecture. Rather than being random acts of vandalism, these are associated ...
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In various parts of the Islamic world over the past decades, virulent attacks have targeted Islamic funeral and sacral architecture. Rather than being random acts of vandalism, these are associated with the idea of performing one’s religious duty as attested to in the Salafi/Wahhabi tradition and texts. Graves, shrines and tombs are regarded by some Muslims as having the potential to tempt a believer to polytheism. Hence the duty to level the graves to the ground (taswiyat al-qubūr). In illuminating the ideology behind these acts, this book explains the current destruction of graves in the Islamic world and traces the ideological sources of iconoclasm in their historical perspective, from medieval theological and legal debates to contemporary Islamist movements including ISIS. The authors look at the destruction of graves in various parts of the Islamic world including the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia, and trace the ideological roots of Salafi iconoclasm and its shifts and mutations in an historical perspective. The book contains case studies, among others, on Ibn Taymiyya, Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, the Saudi religious establishment, Nasir al-Din al-Albani, and ISIS and the destruction of monuments.Less
In various parts of the Islamic world over the past decades, virulent attacks have targeted Islamic funeral and sacral architecture. Rather than being random acts of vandalism, these are associated with the idea of performing one’s religious duty as attested to in the Salafi/Wahhabi tradition and texts. Graves, shrines and tombs are regarded by some Muslims as having the potential to tempt a believer to polytheism. Hence the duty to level the graves to the ground (taswiyat al-qubūr). In illuminating the ideology behind these acts, this book explains the current destruction of graves in the Islamic world and traces the ideological sources of iconoclasm in their historical perspective, from medieval theological and legal debates to contemporary Islamist movements including ISIS. The authors look at the destruction of graves in various parts of the Islamic world including the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia, and trace the ideological roots of Salafi iconoclasm and its shifts and mutations in an historical perspective. The book contains case studies, among others, on Ibn Taymiyya, Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, the Saudi religious establishment, Nasir al-Din al-Albani, and ISIS and the destruction of monuments.
Anna Linton
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199233366
- eISBN:
- 9780191716331
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199233366.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter focuses on didactic elements and the specific formal devices that support them. Funerals were an ideal opportunity for ministers to teach their congregations important lessons. The ...
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This chapter focuses on didactic elements and the specific formal devices that support them. Funerals were an ideal opportunity for ministers to teach their congregations important lessons. The minister could also remind the bereaved of appropriate grieving practices and elucidate a Lutheran understanding of death. But it was not just those at the funeral who would benefit from such lessons. The trade in printed funeral booklets made the sermons, speeches, and poems accessible to a considerable and dispersed readership.Less
This chapter focuses on didactic elements and the specific formal devices that support them. Funerals were an ideal opportunity for ministers to teach their congregations important lessons. The minister could also remind the bereaved of appropriate grieving practices and elucidate a Lutheran understanding of death. But it was not just those at the funeral who would benefit from such lessons. The trade in printed funeral booklets made the sermons, speeches, and poems accessible to a considerable and dispersed readership.
Gary Laderman
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195183559
- eISBN:
- 9780199850198
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183559.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Though it has often been passionately criticized—as fraudulent, exploitative, even pagan—the American funeral home has become nearly as inevitable as death itself, an institution firmly embedded in ...
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Though it has often been passionately criticized—as fraudulent, exploitative, even pagan—the American funeral home has become nearly as inevitable as death itself, an institution firmly embedded in American culture. But how did the funeral home come to hold such a position? What is its history? And is it guilty of the charges sometimes leveled against it? This book traces the origins of American funeral rituals, from the evolution of embalming techniques during and after the Civil War and the shift from home funerals to funeral homes at the turn of the century, to the increasing subordination of priests, ministers, and other religious figures to the funeral director throughout the 20th century. In doing so, the book shows that far from manipulating vulnerable mourners, as Jessica Mitford claimed in her best-selling The American Way of Death (1963), funeral directors are highly respected figures whose services reflect the community's deepest needs and wishes. Indeed, this book shows that funeral directors generally give the people what they want when it is time to bury the dead. It reveals, for example, that the open casket, often criticized as barbaric, provides a deeply meaningful moment for friends and family who must say goodbye to their loved one. But it also shows how the dead often come back to life in the popular imagination to disturb the peace of the living.Less
Though it has often been passionately criticized—as fraudulent, exploitative, even pagan—the American funeral home has become nearly as inevitable as death itself, an institution firmly embedded in American culture. But how did the funeral home come to hold such a position? What is its history? And is it guilty of the charges sometimes leveled against it? This book traces the origins of American funeral rituals, from the evolution of embalming techniques during and after the Civil War and the shift from home funerals to funeral homes at the turn of the century, to the increasing subordination of priests, ministers, and other religious figures to the funeral director throughout the 20th century. In doing so, the book shows that far from manipulating vulnerable mourners, as Jessica Mitford claimed in her best-selling The American Way of Death (1963), funeral directors are highly respected figures whose services reflect the community's deepest needs and wishes. Indeed, this book shows that funeral directors generally give the people what they want when it is time to bury the dead. It reveals, for example, that the open casket, often criticized as barbaric, provides a deeply meaningful moment for friends and family who must say goodbye to their loved one. But it also shows how the dead often come back to life in the popular imagination to disturb the peace of the living.
Rachel Harris
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197262979
- eISBN:
- 9780191734717
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262979.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter examines the types and functions of Sibe music. It provides biographical sketches of village musicians including Ga'altu of the Anjia clan, Guo Rongxing, and a certain Shoulintai. The ...
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This chapter examines the types and functions of Sibe music. It provides biographical sketches of village musicians including Ga'altu of the Anjia clan, Guo Rongxing, and a certain Shoulintai. The chapter highlights the social functions of songs and their role as vehicles of formalised expression of human relations in the Sibe community. It describes the songs and musical activities at weddings, funerals, and calendric festivals.Less
This chapter examines the types and functions of Sibe music. It provides biographical sketches of village musicians including Ga'altu of the Anjia clan, Guo Rongxing, and a certain Shoulintai. The chapter highlights the social functions of songs and their role as vehicles of formalised expression of human relations in the Sibe community. It describes the songs and musical activities at weddings, funerals, and calendric festivals.
Isabel Moreira
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199736041
- eISBN:
- 9780199894628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736041.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter examines writers on purgatory in the sixth and seventh centuries, including Julianus Pomerius, Caesarius of Arles, and Gregory the Great. It also examines ideas about postmortem ...
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This chapter examines writers on purgatory in the sixth and seventh centuries, including Julianus Pomerius, Caesarius of Arles, and Gregory the Great. It also examines ideas about postmortem purgation as expressed in minor works of the seventh century including De ordine creaturarum and in visions of the afterlife and in hagiography. It concludes by looking at rituals of sacramental purification, especially baptism and penance, and discusses purgation in funeral liturgies, burial practices, and prayers for the dead.Less
This chapter examines writers on purgatory in the sixth and seventh centuries, including Julianus Pomerius, Caesarius of Arles, and Gregory the Great. It also examines ideas about postmortem purgation as expressed in minor works of the seventh century including De ordine creaturarum and in visions of the afterlife and in hagiography. It concludes by looking at rituals of sacramental purification, especially baptism and penance, and discusses purgation in funeral liturgies, burial practices, and prayers for the dead.
