Daisy L. Machado
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195152234
- eISBN:
- 9780199834426
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195152239.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The westward movement of people connected to the nineteenth‐century expansionism of the developing U.S. helped promote the growth and expansion of many of the mainline Protestant denominations that ...
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The westward movement of people connected to the nineteenth‐century expansionism of the developing U.S. helped promote the growth and expansion of many of the mainline Protestant denominations that traveled to the southwest borderlands of this country. Following the expanding western frontier, the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) entered what is today the state of Texas and came face to face with the Tejanos. Bringing Protestantism as a new element in the southwest borderlands of Texas, the Disciples of Christ also carried with them the Euro‐American ideologies and self‐definitions that would function at two levels. First, these would shape their relationship as English‐speaking Protestants with the Spanish‐speaking Roman Catholic Tejanos, and secondly, an ethos was created that would influence the Disciples’ ministry to the Mexican population. This shaping and influence were notable in the often racist and paternalistic missionary ideology of the Disciples throughout the late nineteenth century, into the twentieth century, and even to the present day. This is one slice of the religious history of the nineteenth‐century borderlands where the frontier ethos – with its manifest destiny ideology about a chosen race, a virgin land, divine providence, and democracy – prevented Protestantism from developing and maintaining helpful and empowering relationships with the Tejano‐Mexican community it encountered.Less
The westward movement of people connected to the nineteenth‐century expansionism of the developing U.S. helped promote the growth and expansion of many of the mainline Protestant denominations that traveled to the southwest borderlands of this country. Following the expanding western frontier, the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) entered what is today the state of Texas and came face to face with the Tejanos. Bringing Protestantism as a new element in the southwest borderlands of Texas, the Disciples of Christ also carried with them the Euro‐American ideologies and self‐definitions that would function at two levels. First, these would shape their relationship as English‐speaking Protestants with the Spanish‐speaking Roman Catholic Tejanos, and secondly, an ethos was created that would influence the Disciples’ ministry to the Mexican population. This shaping and influence were notable in the often racist and paternalistic missionary ideology of the Disciples throughout the late nineteenth century, into the twentieth century, and even to the present day. This is one slice of the religious history of the nineteenth‐century borderlands where the frontier ethos – with its manifest destiny ideology about a chosen race, a virgin land, divine providence, and democracy – prevented Protestantism from developing and maintaining helpful and empowering relationships with the Tejano‐Mexican community it encountered.
Brock Holden
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199548576
- eISBN:
- 9780191720680
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548576.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
In the Middle Ages, the March between England and Wales was a contested, militarised frontier zone, a ‘land of war’. With English kings distracted by affairs in France, English frontier lords were ...
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In the Middle Ages, the March between England and Wales was a contested, militarised frontier zone, a ‘land of war’. With English kings distracted by affairs in France, English frontier lords were left on their own to organize and run lordships in the manner that was best suited to this often violent borderland. The centrepiece of the frontier society that developed was the feudal honour and its court, and in the March it survived as a functioning entity much longer than in England. However, in the 12th century, as the growing power of the English crown threatened Marcher honours, their lords asserted their independence from the king's courts, and the March became a land where ‘the king's writ did not run’. At the same time, the increased military capability of their Welsh adversaries put the Marcher lordships under enormous military and financial strain. This book describes how this unusual frontier society developed in reaction to both the challenge of the native Welsh and the power of the English kings. It examines how the ‘feudal matrix’ of Marcher power developed over the course of the 11th to 13th centuries.Less
In the Middle Ages, the March between England and Wales was a contested, militarised frontier zone, a ‘land of war’. With English kings distracted by affairs in France, English frontier lords were left on their own to organize and run lordships in the manner that was best suited to this often violent borderland. The centrepiece of the frontier society that developed was the feudal honour and its court, and in the March it survived as a functioning entity much longer than in England. However, in the 12th century, as the growing power of the English crown threatened Marcher honours, their lords asserted their independence from the king's courts, and the March became a land where ‘the king's writ did not run’. At the same time, the increased military capability of their Welsh adversaries put the Marcher lordships under enormous military and financial strain. This book describes how this unusual frontier society developed in reaction to both the challenge of the native Welsh and the power of the English kings. It examines how the ‘feudal matrix’ of Marcher power developed over the course of the 11th to 13th centuries.
Matthew Rebhorn
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199751303
- eISBN:
- 9780199932559
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751303.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 19th Century Literature, Drama
Pioneer Performances: Staging the Frontier, 1829–1893, offers the first synoptic treatment of the history of American frontier performance ranging from Jacksonian America to Buffalo ...
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Pioneer Performances: Staging the Frontier, 1829–1893, offers the first synoptic treatment of the history of American frontier performance ranging from Jacksonian America to Buffalo Bill's Wild West show at the Columbian Exposition of 1893. This project is not simply an addition to the history of the American theater. It reconceives how the frontier was—and still is—defined in performance and what it means for that frontier to be called “American.” This project finds, in a series of plays written between 1829 and 1881, a theatrical genealogy that worked aesthetically and politically to challenge Manifest Destiny. By tracing performances of frontiersmen and freaks, Indians and octoroons in theaters stretching from Massachusetts to Georgia, this work shows how a succession of authors created the image of a transgressive frontier. They put that transgressive image with its fluid construction of identity up against the melodramatic frontier of hegemonic expansion that led to Buffalo Bill. This project argues that American theatrical aesthetics changed to accommodate alternative modes of performance in the nineteenth century, making the performance of the frontier the central genre in the construction of American drama. The American frontier is not just a historical “process” or a geographic “place,” as recent revisionist historians have argued. Rather, it is a set of performative practices conditioned by history and geography. Most Americans did not travel outside the metropole. For them, the frontier was created as much on the footboards of New York City as on the plains of the West, and for them, the frontier performed in the theater was thematically richer, more diverse, and more radical than critics have acknowledged.Less
Pioneer Performances: Staging the Frontier, 1829–1893, offers the first synoptic treatment of the history of American frontier performance ranging from Jacksonian America to Buffalo Bill's Wild West show at the Columbian Exposition of 1893. This project is not simply an addition to the history of the American theater. It reconceives how the frontier was—and still is—defined in performance and what it means for that frontier to be called “American.” This project finds, in a series of plays written between 1829 and 1881, a theatrical genealogy that worked aesthetically and politically to challenge Manifest Destiny. By tracing performances of frontiersmen and freaks, Indians and octoroons in theaters stretching from Massachusetts to Georgia, this work shows how a succession of authors created the image of a transgressive frontier. They put that transgressive image with its fluid construction of identity up against the melodramatic frontier of hegemonic expansion that led to Buffalo Bill. This project argues that American theatrical aesthetics changed to accommodate alternative modes of performance in the nineteenth century, making the performance of the frontier the central genre in the construction of American drama. The American frontier is not just a historical “process” or a geographic “place,” as recent revisionist historians have argued. Rather, it is a set of performative practices conditioned by history and geography. Most Americans did not travel outside the metropole. For them, the frontier was created as much on the footboards of New York City as on the plains of the West, and for them, the frontier performed in the theater was thematically richer, more diverse, and more radical than critics have acknowledged.
Catherine Clinton and Michele Gillespie (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195112436
- eISBN:
- 9780199854271
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195112436.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
When Europeans settled in the early South, they quarreled over many things—but few imbroglios were so fierce as battles over land. Landowners wrangled bitterly over boundaries with neighbors and ...
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When Europeans settled in the early South, they quarreled over many things—but few imbroglios were so fierce as battles over land. Landowners wrangled bitterly over boundaries with neighbors and contested areas became known as “the devil's lane.” Violence and bloodshed were but some of the consequences to befall those who ventured into these disputed territories. This book highlights important new work on sexuality, race, and gender in the South from the 17th- to the 19th-centuries. Chapters explore legal history by examining race, crime and punishment, sex across the color line, slander, competing agendas, and clashing cultures on the southern frontier. One chapter focuses on a community's resistance to a hermaphrodite, where the town court conducted a series of “examinations” to determine the individual's gender. Other pieces address topics ranging from resistance to sexual exploitation on the part of slave women to spousal murders, from interpreting women's expressions of religious ecstasy to a pastor's sermons about depraved sinners and graphic depictions of carnage, all in the name of “exposing” evil, and from a case of infanticide to the practice of state-mandated castration. Several of the chapters pay close attention to the social and personal dynamics of interracial women's networks and relationships across place and time. The book illuminates early forms of sexual oppression, inviting comparative questions about authority and violence, social attitudes and sexual tensions, the impact of slavery as well as the twisted course of race relations among blacks, whites, and Indians.Less
When Europeans settled in the early South, they quarreled over many things—but few imbroglios were so fierce as battles over land. Landowners wrangled bitterly over boundaries with neighbors and contested areas became known as “the devil's lane.” Violence and bloodshed were but some of the consequences to befall those who ventured into these disputed territories. This book highlights important new work on sexuality, race, and gender in the South from the 17th- to the 19th-centuries. Chapters explore legal history by examining race, crime and punishment, sex across the color line, slander, competing agendas, and clashing cultures on the southern frontier. One chapter focuses on a community's resistance to a hermaphrodite, where the town court conducted a series of “examinations” to determine the individual's gender. Other pieces address topics ranging from resistance to sexual exploitation on the part of slave women to spousal murders, from interpreting women's expressions of religious ecstasy to a pastor's sermons about depraved sinners and graphic depictions of carnage, all in the name of “exposing” evil, and from a case of infanticide to the practice of state-mandated castration. Several of the chapters pay close attention to the social and personal dynamics of interracial women's networks and relationships across place and time. The book illuminates early forms of sexual oppression, inviting comparative questions about authority and violence, social attitudes and sexual tensions, the impact of slavery as well as the twisted course of race relations among blacks, whites, and Indians.
Lloyd P. Gartner
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195134681
- eISBN:
- 9780199848652
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134681.003.0021
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
A review of the book, Lest Memory Cease: Finding Meaning in the American Jewish Past by Henry L. Feingold is presented. The book presents Feingold's collected articles, some of which originated as ...
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A review of the book, Lest Memory Cease: Finding Meaning in the American Jewish Past by Henry L. Feingold is presented. The book presents Feingold's collected articles, some of which originated as lectures to Jewish organizations, and others that appeared mainly in the labor Zionist magazine, Jewish Frontier. One of Feingold's virtues, present here, is a skillful analysis of the contemporary American Jewish scene. He draws historical parallels with restraint, his articles and lectures are fluent and read easily — and they make points. The most prominent of Feingold's observations is the effect of liberalism and secularization on American Jews.Less
A review of the book, Lest Memory Cease: Finding Meaning in the American Jewish Past by Henry L. Feingold is presented. The book presents Feingold's collected articles, some of which originated as lectures to Jewish organizations, and others that appeared mainly in the labor Zionist magazine, Jewish Frontier. One of Feingold's virtues, present here, is a skillful analysis of the contemporary American Jewish scene. He draws historical parallels with restraint, his articles and lectures are fluent and read easily — and they make points. The most prominent of Feingold's observations is the effect of liberalism and secularization on American Jews.
López Ramón and Michael A. Toman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199298006
- eISBN:
- 9780191603877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199298009.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
There are currently two types of ‘dualism’ in patterns of resource use within developing countries that are relevant to the problem of resource degradation and poverty. The first ‘dualism’ concerns ...
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There are currently two types of ‘dualism’ in patterns of resource use within developing countries that are relevant to the problem of resource degradation and poverty. The first ‘dualism’ concerns aggregate resource use and dependency within the global economy. The second ‘dualism’ concerns aggregate resource use and dependency within a developing economy. This ‘dualism within dualism’ pattern is symptomatic of a process of resource-based development, accompanied by substantial resource conversion, which often leads to benefits that are inequitably distributed. To reverse this ‘vicious cycle’, specific policies must be aimed at overcoming the structural features of ‘dualism within dualism’ in resource use patterns. Second, policies must also be introduced that improve the overall success of resource-based development that is accompanied by frontier land expansion. Specific policies include reform of land, tax, credit, and other economic policies that generally reinforce the dominance of wealthier households in natural resource and land markets, and promote the speculative investment in these resources as tax shelters.Less
There are currently two types of ‘dualism’ in patterns of resource use within developing countries that are relevant to the problem of resource degradation and poverty. The first ‘dualism’ concerns aggregate resource use and dependency within the global economy. The second ‘dualism’ concerns aggregate resource use and dependency within a developing economy. This ‘dualism within dualism’ pattern is symptomatic of a process of resource-based development, accompanied by substantial resource conversion, which often leads to benefits that are inequitably distributed. To reverse this ‘vicious cycle’, specific policies must be aimed at overcoming the structural features of ‘dualism within dualism’ in resource use patterns. Second, policies must also be introduced that improve the overall success of resource-based development that is accompanied by frontier land expansion. Specific policies include reform of land, tax, credit, and other economic policies that generally reinforce the dominance of wealthier households in natural resource and land markets, and promote the speculative investment in these resources as tax shelters.
Charles King
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199241613
- eISBN:
- 9780191601439
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199241619.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Over the long sweep of history it is difficult to argue that the lands around the Black Sea have been more volatile, a sense of ethnic identity more deeply felt, or questions of land, custom, and ...
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Over the long sweep of history it is difficult to argue that the lands around the Black Sea have been more volatile, a sense of ethnic identity more deeply felt, or questions of land, custom, and religion more divisive than in any other part of Europe or Eurasia. At times the region has been a frontier between different empires and civilizations; at other times, it has been a well-integrated part of broader European—even global—economic and political relationships. The ecology of the sea itself set the stage for long periods of interaction and exchange.Less
Over the long sweep of history it is difficult to argue that the lands around the Black Sea have been more volatile, a sense of ethnic identity more deeply felt, or questions of land, custom, and religion more divisive than in any other part of Europe or Eurasia. At times the region has been a frontier between different empires and civilizations; at other times, it has been a well-integrated part of broader European—even global—economic and political relationships. The ecology of the sea itself set the stage for long periods of interaction and exchange.
Cicely Saunders
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198570530
- eISBN:
- 9780191730412
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198570530.003.0015
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Palliative Medicine Research
The 1966 paper reproduced here, published in an ecumenically-oriented Christian quarterly, Frontier, sees death as ‘the frontier where physical, mental and spiritual meet’. It advises that pain is ...
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The 1966 paper reproduced here, published in an ecumenically-oriented Christian quarterly, Frontier, sees death as ‘the frontier where physical, mental and spiritual meet’. It advises that pain is neither inevitable nor common in the dying, but that when present it can be complex in manifestation. It can however be controlled by a programme of drugs which still allows the patient to remain alert. Such was the case with ‘Louie’, a long term patient who is quoted at length in the article. Louie's words come from a tape-recorded interview with Cicely Saunders and are presented as an example of ‘pain controlled by drugs while yet the patient is able to entertain an intense spiritual awareness of all that is going on’.Less
The 1966 paper reproduced here, published in an ecumenically-oriented Christian quarterly, Frontier, sees death as ‘the frontier where physical, mental and spiritual meet’. It advises that pain is neither inevitable nor common in the dying, but that when present it can be complex in manifestation. It can however be controlled by a programme of drugs which still allows the patient to remain alert. Such was the case with ‘Louie’, a long term patient who is quoted at length in the article. Louie's words come from a tape-recorded interview with Cicely Saunders and are presented as an example of ‘pain controlled by drugs while yet the patient is able to entertain an intense spiritual awareness of all that is going on’.
Sören Urbansky
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691181684
- eISBN:
- 9780691195445
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691181684.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Russian and Former Soviet Union History
The Sino-Russian border, once the world's longest land border, has received scant attention in histories about the margins of empires. This book rectifies this by exploring the demarcation's ...
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The Sino-Russian border, once the world's longest land border, has received scant attention in histories about the margins of empires. This book rectifies this by exploring the demarcation's remarkable transformation—from a vaguely marked frontier in the seventeenth century to its twentieth-century incarnation as a tightly patrolled barrier girded by watchtowers, barbed wire, and border guards. The book explores the daily life of communities and their entanglements with transnational and global flows of people, commodities, and ideas. It challenges top-down interpretations by stressing the significance of the local population in supporting, and undermining, border making. Because Russian, Chinese, and native worlds are intricately interwoven, national separations largely remained invisible at the border between the two largest Eurasian empires. This overlapping and mingling came to an end only when the border gained geopolitical significance during the twentieth century. The book demonstrates how states succeeded in suppressing traditional borderland cultures by cutting kin, cultural, economic, and religious connections across the state perimeter, through laws, physical force, deportation, reeducation, forced assimilation, and propaganda. It sheds critical new light on a pivotal geographical periphery and expands our understanding of how borders are determined.Less
The Sino-Russian border, once the world's longest land border, has received scant attention in histories about the margins of empires. This book rectifies this by exploring the demarcation's remarkable transformation—from a vaguely marked frontier in the seventeenth century to its twentieth-century incarnation as a tightly patrolled barrier girded by watchtowers, barbed wire, and border guards. The book explores the daily life of communities and their entanglements with transnational and global flows of people, commodities, and ideas. It challenges top-down interpretations by stressing the significance of the local population in supporting, and undermining, border making. Because Russian, Chinese, and native worlds are intricately interwoven, national separations largely remained invisible at the border between the two largest Eurasian empires. This overlapping and mingling came to an end only when the border gained geopolitical significance during the twentieth century. The book demonstrates how states succeeded in suppressing traditional borderland cultures by cutting kin, cultural, economic, and religious connections across the state perimeter, through laws, physical force, deportation, reeducation, forced assimilation, and propaganda. It sheds critical new light on a pivotal geographical periphery and expands our understanding of how borders are determined.
Michael Pasquier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195372335
- eISBN:
- 9780199777273
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372335.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
French émigré priests fled the religious turmoil of the French Revolution after 1789 and found themselves leading a new wave of Roman Catholic missionaries in the United States. This book explores ...
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French émigré priests fled the religious turmoil of the French Revolution after 1789 and found themselves leading a new wave of Roman Catholic missionaries in the United States. This book explores the diverse ways that French missionary priests guided the development of the early American church in Maryland, Kentucky, Louisiana, and other pockets of Catholic settlement throughout much of the trans-Appalachian West. This relatively small group of priests introduced Gallican, ultramontane, and missionary principles to a nascent institutional church in the United States. At the same time, they struggled to reconcile their romantic expectations of missionary life with their actual experiences as servants of a foreign church scattered across a frontier region with limited access to friends and family members still in France. As they became more accustomed to the lifeways of the American South and the West, French missionaries expressed anxiety about apparent discrepancies between how they were taught to practice the priesthood in French seminaries and what the Holy See expected them to achieve as representatives of a universal missionary church. As churchmen bridging the formal ecclesiastical standards of the church with the informal experiences of missionaries in American culture, this book evaluates the private lives of priests—the minimally scripted thoughts, emotions, and actions of strange men trying to make a home among strangers in a strange land—and treats the priesthood as a multicultural, transnational institution that does not fit neatly into national, progressive narratives of American Catholicism.Less
French émigré priests fled the religious turmoil of the French Revolution after 1789 and found themselves leading a new wave of Roman Catholic missionaries in the United States. This book explores the diverse ways that French missionary priests guided the development of the early American church in Maryland, Kentucky, Louisiana, and other pockets of Catholic settlement throughout much of the trans-Appalachian West. This relatively small group of priests introduced Gallican, ultramontane, and missionary principles to a nascent institutional church in the United States. At the same time, they struggled to reconcile their romantic expectations of missionary life with their actual experiences as servants of a foreign church scattered across a frontier region with limited access to friends and family members still in France. As they became more accustomed to the lifeways of the American South and the West, French missionaries expressed anxiety about apparent discrepancies between how they were taught to practice the priesthood in French seminaries and what the Holy See expected them to achieve as representatives of a universal missionary church. As churchmen bridging the formal ecclesiastical standards of the church with the informal experiences of missionaries in American culture, this book evaluates the private lives of priests—the minimally scripted thoughts, emotions, and actions of strange men trying to make a home among strangers in a strange land—and treats the priesthood as a multicultural, transnational institution that does not fit neatly into national, progressive narratives of American Catholicism.
John Landers
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199279579
- eISBN:
- 9780191719448
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279579.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, Social History, Economic History
Maintaining control once it had been established required rulers to pre-empt or suppress indigenous revolts, defend their frontiers against external threats, and prevent regional commanders, ...
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Maintaining control once it had been established required rulers to pre-empt or suppress indigenous revolts, defend their frontiers against external threats, and prevent regional commanders, administrators, or elites breaking away from central control. The complexities of frontier defence reflected the ambiguous and unstable character of frontiers as geographical and sociological entities. For most of history, the object of control was demographic space: what mattered were population, resources, and communication networks and such physical spaces as these occupied, rather than physical space as such. The spatial extent of a ruler’s control was defined by the two dimensions of breadth and depth. Maintaining the breadth of control meant securing the frontiers against external attack and preventing regions inside the frontiers from breaking away. The spatial depth of control reflected the ability of rulers and their provincial subordinates to exercise systematic coercion across the land area contained within their frontiers.Less
Maintaining control once it had been established required rulers to pre-empt or suppress indigenous revolts, defend their frontiers against external threats, and prevent regional commanders, administrators, or elites breaking away from central control. The complexities of frontier defence reflected the ambiguous and unstable character of frontiers as geographical and sociological entities. For most of history, the object of control was demographic space: what mattered were population, resources, and communication networks and such physical spaces as these occupied, rather than physical space as such. The spatial extent of a ruler’s control was defined by the two dimensions of breadth and depth. Maintaining the breadth of control meant securing the frontiers against external attack and preventing regions inside the frontiers from breaking away. The spatial depth of control reflected the ability of rulers and their provincial subordinates to exercise systematic coercion across the land area contained within their frontiers.
Michael Pasquier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195372335
- eISBN:
- 9780199777273
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372335.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter depicts French missionary priests in direct confrontation with their preconceived notions of the United States and as men experiencing life as foreign missionaries for the first time. It ...
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This chapter depicts French missionary priests in direct confrontation with their preconceived notions of the United States and as men experiencing life as foreign missionaries for the first time. It is a rendering of missionary life in the trans-Appalachian West and the effects of material deprivation, physical hardship, spiritual suffering, ecclesiastical conflict, and lay obstinacy on the collective performance of the priesthood in frontier settings. During the process of reconciling expectations with experiences, French missionary priests remapped Catholicism in the United States by developing an ecclesiastical network that stretched from Rome to Paris to Baltimore to Bardstown to St. Louis to New Orleans.Less
This chapter depicts French missionary priests in direct confrontation with their preconceived notions of the United States and as men experiencing life as foreign missionaries for the first time. It is a rendering of missionary life in the trans-Appalachian West and the effects of material deprivation, physical hardship, spiritual suffering, ecclesiastical conflict, and lay obstinacy on the collective performance of the priesthood in frontier settings. During the process of reconciling expectations with experiences, French missionary priests remapped Catholicism in the United States by developing an ecclesiastical network that stretched from Rome to Paris to Baltimore to Bardstown to St. Louis to New Orleans.
Robin Seager
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199558681
- eISBN:
- 9780191720888
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558681.003.0010
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter deals with two aspects of Ammianus Marcellinus's account of the satrap Tamsapor's role in the renewal of hostilities between Rome and Persia on Rome's eastern frontier in AD 359. The ...
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This chapter deals with two aspects of Ammianus Marcellinus's account of the satrap Tamsapor's role in the renewal of hostilities between Rome and Persia on Rome's eastern frontier in AD 359. The first section argues that Tamsapor deliberately sabotaged the negotiations initiated by the prefect Musonianus in 357. The reactions and motives of Sapor II and Constantius II are also examined. The second section investigates the precise nature of Tamsapor's dealings with the Roman renegade Antoninus and his sponsorship of Antoninus at the Persian court. The chapter concludes by suggesting some reasons for Ammianus's interest in the episode.Less
This chapter deals with two aspects of Ammianus Marcellinus's account of the satrap Tamsapor's role in the renewal of hostilities between Rome and Persia on Rome's eastern frontier in AD 359. The first section argues that Tamsapor deliberately sabotaged the negotiations initiated by the prefect Musonianus in 357. The reactions and motives of Sapor II and Constantius II are also examined. The second section investigates the precise nature of Tamsapor's dealings with the Roman renegade Antoninus and his sponsorship of Antoninus at the Persian court. The chapter concludes by suggesting some reasons for Ammianus's interest in the episode.
Abigail A. Kohn
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195150513
- eISBN:
- 9780199944095
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195150513.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture, Sport and Leisure
This chapter describes the sport of cowboy action shooting, the gun sport that most explicitly dramatizes the narrative of American Frontier history. It explains that this sport is conducted in a ...
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This chapter describes the sport of cowboy action shooting, the gun sport that most explicitly dramatizes the narrative of American Frontier history. It explains that this sport is conducted in a venue that ostensibly gave birth to images of traditional American gender roles and forms of Frontier-oriented entertainment. It argues that cowboy action shooting presents a vision of the American Frontier in which white, middle-class good guys can create small, self-contained communities based on shared values and lifestyles. It describes cowboy shoots governed by the Single Action Shooting Society (SASS).Less
This chapter describes the sport of cowboy action shooting, the gun sport that most explicitly dramatizes the narrative of American Frontier history. It explains that this sport is conducted in a venue that ostensibly gave birth to images of traditional American gender roles and forms of Frontier-oriented entertainment. It argues that cowboy action shooting presents a vision of the American Frontier in which white, middle-class good guys can create small, self-contained communities based on shared values and lifestyles. It describes cowboy shoots governed by the Single Action Shooting Society (SASS).
Kerwin Lee Klein
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520204638
- eISBN:
- 9780520924185
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520204638.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
The American frontier, a potent symbol since Europeans first stepped ashore on North America, serves as the touchstone for this book's analysis of the narrating of history. The book explores the ...
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The American frontier, a potent symbol since Europeans first stepped ashore on North America, serves as the touchstone for this book's analysis of the narrating of history. The book explores the traditions through which historians, philosophers, anthropologists, and literary critics have understood the story of America's origin and the way those understandings have shaped and been shaped by changing conceptions of history. The American West was once the frontier space where migrating Europe collided with Native America, where the historical civilizations of the Old World met the nonhistorical wilds of the New. It was not only the cultural combat zone where American democracy was forged but also the ragged edge of History itself, where historical and nonhistorical defied and defined each other. The book maintains that the idea of a collision between people with and without history still dominates public memory. But this collision, it believes, resounds even more powerfully in the historical imagination, which creates conflicts between narration and knowledge, and carries them into the language used to describe the American frontier.Less
The American frontier, a potent symbol since Europeans first stepped ashore on North America, serves as the touchstone for this book's analysis of the narrating of history. The book explores the traditions through which historians, philosophers, anthropologists, and literary critics have understood the story of America's origin and the way those understandings have shaped and been shaped by changing conceptions of history. The American West was once the frontier space where migrating Europe collided with Native America, where the historical civilizations of the Old World met the nonhistorical wilds of the New. It was not only the cultural combat zone where American democracy was forged but also the ragged edge of History itself, where historical and nonhistorical defied and defined each other. The book maintains that the idea of a collision between people with and without history still dominates public memory. But this collision, it believes, resounds even more powerfully in the historical imagination, which creates conflicts between narration and knowledge, and carries them into the language used to describe the American frontier.
Catherine Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199279685
- eISBN:
- 9780191707353
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279685.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
The reign of Emperor Basil II is usually considered the high-water mark of medieval Byzantium. During Basil's reign, Byzantine political authority extended from southern Italy to the Euphrates. With ...
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The reign of Emperor Basil II is usually considered the high-water mark of medieval Byzantium. During Basil's reign, Byzantine political authority extended from southern Italy to the Euphrates. With the conversion of the Rus to Orthodoxy in 988, the empire's cultural influence stretched still further. Basil portrayed himself as a soldier emperor who was as implacable towards his domestic opponents as against his foreign neighbours. His brutal conquests later earned him the sobriquet ‘Bulgar-slayer’. This book considers the problems inherent in governing such a large, multi-ethnic empire; it examines the solutions that Basil adopted particularly on the Byzantine frontiers. It explains how the extant sources make unmasking the political realities of this period so difficult, and demonstrates that a convincing picture of Basil's reign only emerges once these sources are understood in their original contexts. Particular attention is paid to the impact that the Synopsis Historion (also known as the Synopsis Historiarum) of John Skylitzes, a little-studied text from the reign of Emperor Alexios Komnenos (1081-1118), has on our understanding of Basil. As the late 11th-century context in which Skylitzes operated is exposed, so the political, military, and administrative history of Basil's reign is reconstructed. Basil's Byzantium is revealed as a state where the rhetoric of imperial authority became reality through the astute manipulation of force and persuasion.Less
The reign of Emperor Basil II is usually considered the high-water mark of medieval Byzantium. During Basil's reign, Byzantine political authority extended from southern Italy to the Euphrates. With the conversion of the Rus to Orthodoxy in 988, the empire's cultural influence stretched still further. Basil portrayed himself as a soldier emperor who was as implacable towards his domestic opponents as against his foreign neighbours. His brutal conquests later earned him the sobriquet ‘Bulgar-slayer’. This book considers the problems inherent in governing such a large, multi-ethnic empire; it examines the solutions that Basil adopted particularly on the Byzantine frontiers. It explains how the extant sources make unmasking the political realities of this period so difficult, and demonstrates that a convincing picture of Basil's reign only emerges once these sources are understood in their original contexts. Particular attention is paid to the impact that the Synopsis Historion (also known as the Synopsis Historiarum) of John Skylitzes, a little-studied text from the reign of Emperor Alexios Komnenos (1081-1118), has on our understanding of Basil. As the late 11th-century context in which Skylitzes operated is exposed, so the political, military, and administrative history of Basil's reign is reconstructed. Basil's Byzantium is revealed as a state where the rhetoric of imperial authority became reality through the astute manipulation of force and persuasion.
Lawrence A. Scaff
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147796
- eISBN:
- 9781400836710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147796.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
This chapter examines Max Weber's exploration of the American heartland and frontier, with particular emphasis on his experiences in Oklahoma and the Indian Territory. It first considers how the idea ...
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This chapter examines Max Weber's exploration of the American heartland and frontier, with particular emphasis on his experiences in Oklahoma and the Indian Territory. It first considers how the idea for Weber's Oklahoma and Indian Territory trip originated in the first place before discussing the “unique problems” that Weber encountered in the Indian Territory, including questions of tribal membership or citizenship, and land allotment. It then analyzes Weber's claim that the coming of modern industrial civilization led to the rapid disappearance of the romanticized past. As he put it, the “Leatherstocking romanticism” of native life and the frontier was coming to an end. The chapter also explores Weber's views on the construction of “nature,” the emergence of a new world, and traditionalism and concludes with an assessment of the significance of the frontier to Weber's work.Less
This chapter examines Max Weber's exploration of the American heartland and frontier, with particular emphasis on his experiences in Oklahoma and the Indian Territory. It first considers how the idea for Weber's Oklahoma and Indian Territory trip originated in the first place before discussing the “unique problems” that Weber encountered in the Indian Territory, including questions of tribal membership or citizenship, and land allotment. It then analyzes Weber's claim that the coming of modern industrial civilization led to the rapid disappearance of the romanticized past. As he put it, the “Leatherstocking romanticism” of native life and the frontier was coming to an end. The chapter also explores Weber's views on the construction of “nature,” the emergence of a new world, and traditionalism and concludes with an assessment of the significance of the frontier to Weber's work.
Philip Wood
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199588497
- eISBN:
- 9780191595424
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588497.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
This final chapter investigates how the kind of political and historical ideas employed among Syriac‐speaking Miaphysites in Mesopotamia were exported elsewhere in the Roman world, focl1sing on the ...
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This final chapter investigates how the kind of political and historical ideas employed among Syriac‐speaking Miaphysites in Mesopotamia were exported elsewhere in the Roman world, focl1sing on the border zones of Rome's conflict with Persia, on Yemen (Himyar) and the lands controlled by the Ghassanid Arab federation (centred in modern‐day northern Jordan). The persecuted missionary church of Miaphysites exported a distinctive paradigm ofhistory, by which new Christian territories such as Himyar could repeat the defining moments of Christian nationhood, the experience of martyrdom and the overthrow of the Jews. Moreover, while this struggle was part of a wider struggle against the Jews, it did not tie Himyar into the political orbit of the Roman lfmpire. It is this evolution of a self‐sufficient political thought in the communities of the late Roman and post‐Roman east that is one of the most important achievements of Miaphysitism in the Syriac‐speaking world.Less
This final chapter investigates how the kind of political and historical ideas employed among Syriac‐speaking Miaphysites in Mesopotamia were exported elsewhere in the Roman world, focl1sing on the border zones of Rome's conflict with Persia, on Yemen (Himyar) and the lands controlled by the Ghassanid Arab federation (centred in modern‐day northern Jordan). The persecuted missionary church of Miaphysites exported a distinctive paradigm ofhistory, by which new Christian territories such as Himyar could repeat the defining moments of Christian nationhood, the experience of martyrdom and the overthrow of the Jews. Moreover, while this struggle was part of a wider struggle against the Jews, it did not tie Himyar into the political orbit of the Roman lfmpire. It is this evolution of a self‐sufficient political thought in the communities of the late Roman and post‐Roman east that is one of the most important achievements of Miaphysitism in the Syriac‐speaking world.
Jean Meyer
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202141
- eISBN:
- 9780191675188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202141.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter examines the condition of roads, armies, and the organization of space in European states during the period from the 13th to the 18th centuries. During this period, the state was the ...
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This chapter examines the condition of roads, armies, and the organization of space in European states during the period from the 13th to the 18th centuries. During this period, the state was the instigator, instrument, and servant of the sciences of distance. It supplied the finances and materials, and directed research as servant-master. This chapter explores the improvements in communication, fortification and frontiers, and the control of the state interior.Less
This chapter examines the condition of roads, armies, and the organization of space in European states during the period from the 13th to the 18th centuries. During this period, the state was the instigator, instrument, and servant of the sciences of distance. It supplied the finances and materials, and directed research as servant-master. This chapter explores the improvements in communication, fortification and frontiers, and the control of the state interior.
Norman Housley
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199552283
- eISBN:
- 9780191716515
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199552283.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This book describes and analyzes warfare that sprang from and was driven by religious belief, in the period from the Hussite wars to the first generation of the Reformation. The focus is on a number ...
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This book describes and analyzes warfare that sprang from and was driven by religious belief, in the period from the Hussite wars to the first generation of the Reformation. The focus is on a number of key theatres. At times warfare between national communities was shaped by convictions of ‘sacred patriotism’, either in defending God-given land or in the pursuit of messianic programmes abroad. Insurrectionary activity, especially when fuelled by apocalyptic expectations, was a second important type of religious war. In the 1420s and early 1430s the Hussites waged war successfully in defence of what they believed to be ‘God's Law’. And some frontier communities depicted their struggle against non-believers as religious war by reference to crusading ideas and habits of thought. The book explores what these conflicts had in common in the ways the combatants perceived their own role, their demonization of their opponents, and the ongoing critique of religious war in all its forms. The author assesses the interaction between crusade and religious war in the broader sense, and argues that the religious violence of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was organic, to the extent that it sprang from deeply-rooted proclivities within European society.Less
This book describes and analyzes warfare that sprang from and was driven by religious belief, in the period from the Hussite wars to the first generation of the Reformation. The focus is on a number of key theatres. At times warfare between national communities was shaped by convictions of ‘sacred patriotism’, either in defending God-given land or in the pursuit of messianic programmes abroad. Insurrectionary activity, especially when fuelled by apocalyptic expectations, was a second important type of religious war. In the 1420s and early 1430s the Hussites waged war successfully in defence of what they believed to be ‘God's Law’. And some frontier communities depicted their struggle against non-believers as religious war by reference to crusading ideas and habits of thought. The book explores what these conflicts had in common in the ways the combatants perceived their own role, their demonization of their opponents, and the ongoing critique of religious war in all its forms. The author assesses the interaction between crusade and religious war in the broader sense, and argues that the religious violence of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was organic, to the extent that it sprang from deeply-rooted proclivities within European society.
