David D'Avray (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198208143
- eISBN:
- 9780191716522
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208143.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Before the advent of printing, the preaching of the friars was the mass medium of the middle ages. This edition of marriage sermons reveals what a number of famous preachers actually taught about ...
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Before the advent of printing, the preaching of the friars was the mass medium of the middle ages. This edition of marriage sermons reveals what a number of famous preachers actually taught about marriage, teasing out the close connection between marriage symbolism and social, cultural, and legal realities in the 13th century. The relation between genre, content, and gender is analysed, with particular attention to the likely impact of preaching, viewed as a means of intellectual power in competition with vernacular genres and other social forces. Its mass diffusion anticipated printing, but the means of production were those of the monastic scriptorium. The textual criticism and palaeographical analysis of these sermons undermine central assumptions of both medieval and early modern historians of the book, establishing a technique of textual criticism appropriate for texts of this kind. A pragmatic compromise between simple transcriptions which ignore stemmatic relation and full-scale editions attempting to fit all manuscripts into a genealogical table, this book addresses both the sermon literature of the period and the understanding of marriage and its religious and cultural significance in the middle ages.Less
Before the advent of printing, the preaching of the friars was the mass medium of the middle ages. This edition of marriage sermons reveals what a number of famous preachers actually taught about marriage, teasing out the close connection between marriage symbolism and social, cultural, and legal realities in the 13th century. The relation between genre, content, and gender is analysed, with particular attention to the likely impact of preaching, viewed as a means of intellectual power in competition with vernacular genres and other social forces. Its mass diffusion anticipated printing, but the means of production were those of the monastic scriptorium. The textual criticism and palaeographical analysis of these sermons undermine central assumptions of both medieval and early modern historians of the book, establishing a technique of textual criticism appropriate for texts of this kind. A pragmatic compromise between simple transcriptions which ignore stemmatic relation and full-scale editions attempting to fit all manuscripts into a genealogical table, this book addresses both the sermon literature of the period and the understanding of marriage and its religious and cultural significance in the middle ages.
Jean Dunbabin
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198222910
- eISBN:
- 9780191678523
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198222910.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, History of Religion
Pierre de la Palud was a friar of aristocratic birth who was appointed Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1329. This biography follows the course of his eventful life, and exploits his copious writings to ...
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Pierre de la Palud was a friar of aristocratic birth who was appointed Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1329. This biography follows the course of his eventful life, and exploits his copious writings to build up a vivid picture of the man and the world he inhabited. Lawyer, advocate, preacher, reformer, theologian, politician, encyclopedist, crusader – Pierre was all of these, and the voice of each can be heard in his writing. This book traces the career of Pierre de la Palud from his early reflections on contemporary moral issues – including papal prerogatives, contraception, and usury – to his political and diplomatic activities as Patriarch of Jerusalem. From Dominican friar to French courtier, the variety of Pierre's experience and the range of his writings reflect the turbulence of the fourteenth-century Christian church.Less
Pierre de la Palud was a friar of aristocratic birth who was appointed Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1329. This biography follows the course of his eventful life, and exploits his copious writings to build up a vivid picture of the man and the world he inhabited. Lawyer, advocate, preacher, reformer, theologian, politician, encyclopedist, crusader – Pierre was all of these, and the voice of each can be heard in his writing. This book traces the career of Pierre de la Palud from his early reflections on contemporary moral issues – including papal prerogatives, contraception, and usury – to his political and diplomatic activities as Patriarch of Jerusalem. From Dominican friar to French courtier, the variety of Pierre's experience and the range of his writings reflect the turbulence of the fourteenth-century Christian church.
Colin Morris
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269250
- eISBN:
- 9780191600708
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269250.003.0019
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
With Innocent's encouragement, the Franciscans and Dominicans were founded with a policy of personal poverty. There was a parallel development of communities for women with the Beguines and female ...
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With Innocent's encouragement, the Franciscans and Dominicans were founded with a policy of personal poverty. There was a parallel development of communities for women with the Beguines and female houses of Dominicans and Cistercians. Stricter measures developed for the suppression of heresy.Less
With Innocent's encouragement, the Franciscans and Dominicans were founded with a policy of personal poverty. There was a parallel development of communities for women with the Beguines and female houses of Dominicans and Cistercians. Stricter measures developed for the suppression of heresy.
FELICITY HEAL
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198269243
- eISBN:
- 9780191602412
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269242.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This continues the study of the pre-Reformation Church, focusing on the ordinary clergy, first the regulars and then the seculars. It highlights the relative strength of English monasticism, but ...
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This continues the study of the pre-Reformation Church, focusing on the ordinary clergy, first the regulars and then the seculars. It highlights the relative strength of English monasticism, but stresses particularly the importance of the friars and the observant movement. Parish clergy are compared across the British Isles and the relationship between wealth and proper performance of duties is debated.Less
This continues the study of the pre-Reformation Church, focusing on the ordinary clergy, first the regulars and then the seculars. It highlights the relative strength of English monasticism, but stresses particularly the importance of the friars and the observant movement. Parish clergy are compared across the British Isles and the relationship between wealth and proper performance of duties is debated.
M.B. Parkes
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199510122
- eISBN:
- 9780191700941
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199510122.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
During the medieval period, the provision of books in the Oxford University depended primarily on the personal initiative of the masters and students. Books were regarded not merely as instruments ...
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During the medieval period, the provision of books in the Oxford University depended primarily on the personal initiative of the masters and students. Books were regarded not merely as instruments for study, but also as a portable form of capital, and many scholars made the investment when they could afford it, thus, the loss of one's book must have been an economic disaster. There was also clear evidence showing that scholars also copied texts for themselves. The first signs of organization or corporate enterprise in the provision of books for the purposes of study at Oxford are to be found in the activities of Franciscan and Dominican friars. The increase in the numbers of books brought about the change in the ways in which the collections were kept.Less
During the medieval period, the provision of books in the Oxford University depended primarily on the personal initiative of the masters and students. Books were regarded not merely as instruments for study, but also as a portable form of capital, and many scholars made the investment when they could afford it, thus, the loss of one's book must have been an economic disaster. There was also clear evidence showing that scholars also copied texts for themselves. The first signs of organization or corporate enterprise in the provision of books for the purposes of study at Oxford are to be found in the activities of Franciscan and Dominican friars. The increase in the numbers of books brought about the change in the ways in which the collections were kept.
SARAH WOOD
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199653768
- eISBN:
- 9780191741678
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199653768.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature, Poetry
This chapter draws on variety of antimendicant sources, from chronicles to Wycliffite polemic, to examine Conscience's struggle with the friars at the end of Piers Plowman. Langland here returns to ...
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This chapter draws on variety of antimendicant sources, from chronicles to Wycliffite polemic, to examine Conscience's struggle with the friars at the end of Piers Plowman. Langland here returns to the theme of retainership central to the debate between Meed and Conscience in passus 3–4 by highlighting the act of patronage by which the friar gains admittance to Unity. The language of retainership used by Conscience in discussing the problems represented by the friars highlights the connection between their corruption of the divine law at the end of the poem and Meed's corruption of the secular law at the beginning. But Conscience ultimately proves ineffectual at the poem's conclusion. He is here transformed into one of those very lords whose consciences, according to antimendicant polemic, are led astray by their friar-confessors.Less
This chapter draws on variety of antimendicant sources, from chronicles to Wycliffite polemic, to examine Conscience's struggle with the friars at the end of Piers Plowman. Langland here returns to the theme of retainership central to the debate between Meed and Conscience in passus 3–4 by highlighting the act of patronage by which the friar gains admittance to Unity. The language of retainership used by Conscience in discussing the problems represented by the friars highlights the connection between their corruption of the divine law at the end of the poem and Meed's corruption of the secular law at the beginning. But Conscience ultimately proves ineffectual at the poem's conclusion. He is here transformed into one of those very lords whose consciences, according to antimendicant polemic, are led astray by their friar-confessors.
D. L. d'Avray
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198208211
- eISBN:
- 9780191716690
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208211.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter shows that marriage symbolism was communicated to a lay public via sermons. The model sermon collections, which ensured that much the same messages were repeated again and again in ...
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This chapter shows that marriage symbolism was communicated to a lay public via sermons. The model sermon collections, which ensured that much the same messages were repeated again and again in popular preaching, together amounted to a powerful medium capable of reaching the masses. The friars (above all the Franciscans and Dominicans) are especially important in this regard. Only for the period after these mendicant orders had established themselves (say from the mid-13th century) can one speak with confidence of mass communication. Manuscripts of model sermons were far more numerous than most scholars realize. The large numbers still surviving can be shown to be a small remnant only: an enormous loss-rate can be demonstrated. Franciscan and Dominican copyists themselves played a large part in producing manuscripts of model sermons to the standard of professional copyists (whom they also used). After a detour to demonstrate these points, important in their own right for book history and manuscript transmission, the marriage teaching of the model sermons is analyzed. Marriage in the literal sense was presented by preachers in a very positive light, and the marriage symbolism was built on this foundation.Less
This chapter shows that marriage symbolism was communicated to a lay public via sermons. The model sermon collections, which ensured that much the same messages were repeated again and again in popular preaching, together amounted to a powerful medium capable of reaching the masses. The friars (above all the Franciscans and Dominicans) are especially important in this regard. Only for the period after these mendicant orders had established themselves (say from the mid-13th century) can one speak with confidence of mass communication. Manuscripts of model sermons were far more numerous than most scholars realize. The large numbers still surviving can be shown to be a small remnant only: an enormous loss-rate can be demonstrated. Franciscan and Dominican copyists themselves played a large part in producing manuscripts of model sermons to the standard of professional copyists (whom they also used). After a detour to demonstrate these points, important in their own right for book history and manuscript transmission, the marriage teaching of the model sermons is analyzed. Marriage in the literal sense was presented by preachers in a very positive light, and the marriage symbolism was built on this foundation.
Neslihan Senocak
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450570
- eISBN:
- 9780801464249
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450570.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
One of the enduring ironies of medieval history is the fact that a group of Italian lay penitents, begging in sackcloths, led by a man who called himself simple and ignorant, turned in a short time ...
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One of the enduring ironies of medieval history is the fact that a group of Italian lay penitents, begging in sackcloths, led by a man who called himself simple and ignorant, turned in a short time into a very popular and respectable order, featuring cardinals and university professors among its ranks. Within a century of its foundation, the Order of Friars Minor could claim hundreds of permanent houses, schools, and libraries across Europe; indeed, alongside the Dominicans, they attracted the best minds and produced many outstanding scholars who were at the forefront of Western philosophical and religious thought. This book provides a grand narrative of this fascinating story in which the quintessential Franciscan virtue of simplicity gradually lost its place to learning, while studying came to be considered an integral part of evangelical perfection. Not surprisingly, turmoil accompanied this rise of learning in Francis's order. The book shows how a constant emphasis on humility was unable to prevent the creation within the Order of a culture that increasingly saw education as a means to acquire prestige and domination. The damage to the diversity and equality among the early Franciscan community proved to be irreparable. But the consequences of this transformation went far beyond the Order: it contributed to a paradigm shift in the relationship between the clergy and the schools, and eventually led to the association of learning with sanctity in the medieval world. As the book demonstrates, this episode of Franciscan history is a microhistory of the rise of learning in the West.Less
One of the enduring ironies of medieval history is the fact that a group of Italian lay penitents, begging in sackcloths, led by a man who called himself simple and ignorant, turned in a short time into a very popular and respectable order, featuring cardinals and university professors among its ranks. Within a century of its foundation, the Order of Friars Minor could claim hundreds of permanent houses, schools, and libraries across Europe; indeed, alongside the Dominicans, they attracted the best minds and produced many outstanding scholars who were at the forefront of Western philosophical and religious thought. This book provides a grand narrative of this fascinating story in which the quintessential Franciscan virtue of simplicity gradually lost its place to learning, while studying came to be considered an integral part of evangelical perfection. Not surprisingly, turmoil accompanied this rise of learning in Francis's order. The book shows how a constant emphasis on humility was unable to prevent the creation within the Order of a culture that increasingly saw education as a means to acquire prestige and domination. The damage to the diversity and equality among the early Franciscan community proved to be irreparable. But the consequences of this transformation went far beyond the Order: it contributed to a paradigm shift in the relationship between the clergy and the schools, and eventually led to the association of learning with sanctity in the medieval world. As the book demonstrates, this episode of Franciscan history is a microhistory of the rise of learning in the West.
Sheila Delany
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195109887
- eISBN:
- 9780199855216
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195109887.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
The book introduces the 15th-century Augustinian friar, Osbern Bokenham and his collection of literary works. His little-known but substantial achievements and contributions to literature, ...
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The book introduces the 15th-century Augustinian friar, Osbern Bokenham and his collection of literary works. His little-known but substantial achievements and contributions to literature, philosophy, and history in his time are enumerated and discussed. A brief background of his origins, early life, and introduction to the religious order is provided, along with the influential people of his time who had inspired his work. The remainder of the book focuses on his legendary and concerns regarding the lives of thirteen women saints which the book attempts to examine in the context of three types of “body”—the body of literary works Bokenham used and critiqued, the female body represented in his own work, and the “body politic” of English society in the eve of the War of the Roses. In the final chapter, the book discusses historicist and feminist theory in relation to an assertion regarding the sexual politics in Bokenham's legendary.Less
The book introduces the 15th-century Augustinian friar, Osbern Bokenham and his collection of literary works. His little-known but substantial achievements and contributions to literature, philosophy, and history in his time are enumerated and discussed. A brief background of his origins, early life, and introduction to the religious order is provided, along with the influential people of his time who had inspired his work. The remainder of the book focuses on his legendary and concerns regarding the lives of thirteen women saints which the book attempts to examine in the context of three types of “body”—the body of literary works Bokenham used and critiqued, the female body represented in his own work, and the “body politic” of English society in the eve of the War of the Roses. In the final chapter, the book discusses historicist and feminist theory in relation to an assertion regarding the sexual politics in Bokenham's legendary.
Caroline M. Barron
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204404
- eISBN:
- 9780191676246
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204404.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter looks at educational expansion in London, England, during the 15th century. It examines the remarkable range of educational opportunities that became open to children of both sexes in ...
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This chapter looks at educational expansion in London, England, during the 15th century. It examines the remarkable range of educational opportunities that became open to children of both sexes in London, focusing on teachers rather than schools. It highlights the findings of different research studies conducted by A. F. Leach, Barbara Harvey, and Joan Simon and discusses the contributions in education of the monastic orders and the friars.Less
This chapter looks at educational expansion in London, England, during the 15th century. It examines the remarkable range of educational opportunities that became open to children of both sexes in London, focusing on teachers rather than schools. It highlights the findings of different research studies conducted by A. F. Leach, Barbara Harvey, and Joan Simon and discusses the contributions in education of the monastic orders and the friars.
M. S. KEMPSHALL
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207160
- eISBN:
- 9780191677526
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207160.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, History of Ideas
This chapter examines Henry of Ghent's moral and political philosophy. It discusses the ramifications of the controversy over Ad fructus uberes where disputes between secular masters and mendicant ...
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This chapter examines Henry of Ghent's moral and political philosophy. It discusses the ramifications of the controversy over Ad fructus uberes where disputes between secular masters and mendicant friars had always involved discussion of the standard which should be used to compare the relative worth of the active and the contemplative lives. The issuance of Ad fructus uberes introduces questions of more immediate significance for the government of the church. It notes that Henry's discussion of the relative merits of the active and contemplative lives, the exercise of papal dispensation, and the limits to obedience and resistance, all made extensive use of a notion of the common good. It observes that Henry's conclusions had repercussions which went much further than ecclesiology.Less
This chapter examines Henry of Ghent's moral and political philosophy. It discusses the ramifications of the controversy over Ad fructus uberes where disputes between secular masters and mendicant friars had always involved discussion of the standard which should be used to compare the relative worth of the active and the contemplative lives. The issuance of Ad fructus uberes introduces questions of more immediate significance for the government of the church. It notes that Henry's discussion of the relative merits of the active and contemplative lives, the exercise of papal dispensation, and the limits to obedience and resistance, all made extensive use of a notion of the common good. It observes that Henry's conclusions had repercussions which went much further than ecclesiology.
Peter Biller
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199265596
- eISBN:
- 9780191699085
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199265596.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, History of Ideas
This chapter takes one city around 1300, Florence, and asks, ‘How was demographic thought represented here, in one place?’ It catalogues the results, first of all what we find in the vernacular ...
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This chapter takes one city around 1300, Florence, and asks, ‘How was demographic thought represented here, in one place?’ It catalogues the results, first of all what we find in the vernacular didactic works, secondly in the ‘Bologna connection’, and thirdly in the books and writings of the friars at Santa Maria Novella and Santa Croce.Less
This chapter takes one city around 1300, Florence, and asks, ‘How was demographic thought represented here, in one place?’ It catalogues the results, first of all what we find in the vernacular didactic works, secondly in the ‘Bologna connection’, and thirdly in the books and writings of the friars at Santa Maria Novella and Santa Croce.
Michael Haren
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208518
- eISBN:
- 9780191678042
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208518.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, Social History
The attitude of the author to friars as confessors is conveyed internally in some dozen asides, where he interrupts his main theme to castigate their laxity or rapacity. One such example is his ...
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The attitude of the author to friars as confessors is conveyed internally in some dozen asides, where he interrupts his main theme to castigate their laxity or rapacity. One such example is his condemnation of the friars’ aggressive competition in exploiting the deficiencies of the secular clergy. While ‘almost all’ modern confessors err in the matter of canonical penances, the criticism is particularly directed to regular confessors who serve and dwell in the courts of princes and magnates. Within the context that has been argued for it, the Memoriale Presbiterorum represents on the question of friars as confessors the first evidence of a hostility that subsequently becomes an overt feature of Bishop Grandisson’s regime.Less
The attitude of the author to friars as confessors is conveyed internally in some dozen asides, where he interrupts his main theme to castigate their laxity or rapacity. One such example is his condemnation of the friars’ aggressive competition in exploiting the deficiencies of the secular clergy. While ‘almost all’ modern confessors err in the matter of canonical penances, the criticism is particularly directed to regular confessors who serve and dwell in the courts of princes and magnates. Within the context that has been argued for it, the Memoriale Presbiterorum represents on the question of friars as confessors the first evidence of a hostility that subsequently becomes an overt feature of Bishop Grandisson’s regime.
Neslihan Şenocak
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450570
- eISBN:
- 9780801464249
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450570.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter traces the history of the Franciscan Order, from 1219 through the end of the minister generalship of Haymo of Faversham in 1244. In September 1219, Brother Pacifico arrived at the gates ...
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This chapter traces the history of the Franciscan Order, from 1219 through the end of the minister generalship of Haymo of Faversham in 1244. In September 1219, Brother Pacifico arrived at the gates of Paris hoping to find a place in that city for his brothers in religion, the Friars Minor. This arrival marks the beginning of a history of the rise of learning in the Order of the Friars Minor. The Friars Minor originated in central Italy, made up largely of laymen in pursuit of a penitential life in apostolic poverty and simplicity. Paris was one of the earliest settlements in France, and one of the earliest settlements outside Italy. The reasons behind the choice of Paris, however, remains a mystery. In 1240, Haymo of Faversham was elected as Fransican minister general. His term in office was marked with so many “firsts,” signaling a new era in the history of Franciscanism. For instance, Haymo was first minister general educated in Paris. It was also during his tenure that the first commentary, known as the Commentary of Four Masters (Expositio regulae quatuor magistrorum), was composed by four friar-scholars from the Paris convent.Less
This chapter traces the history of the Franciscan Order, from 1219 through the end of the minister generalship of Haymo of Faversham in 1244. In September 1219, Brother Pacifico arrived at the gates of Paris hoping to find a place in that city for his brothers in religion, the Friars Minor. This arrival marks the beginning of a history of the rise of learning in the Order of the Friars Minor. The Friars Minor originated in central Italy, made up largely of laymen in pursuit of a penitential life in apostolic poverty and simplicity. Paris was one of the earliest settlements in France, and one of the earliest settlements outside Italy. The reasons behind the choice of Paris, however, remains a mystery. In 1240, Haymo of Faversham was elected as Fransican minister general. His term in office was marked with so many “firsts,” signaling a new era in the history of Franciscanism. For instance, Haymo was first minister general educated in Paris. It was also during his tenure that the first commentary, known as the Commentary of Four Masters (Expositio regulae quatuor magistrorum), was composed by four friar-scholars from the Paris convent.
Neslihan Şenocak
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450570
- eISBN:
- 9780801464249
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450570.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
Franciscan educational organization experienced rapid change throughout the thirteenth century paralleling the Order's spectacular expansion in both recruits and new provinces, changes in the ...
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Franciscan educational organization experienced rapid change throughout the thirteenth century paralleling the Order's spectacular expansion in both recruits and new provinces, changes in the university curricula, and the diverse roles the friars assumed in the ecclesiastical world. This chapter presents a snapshot of the Franciscan educational system around 1310, tracing the steps of a virtual friar from novitiate all the way to the master of theology in Paris. It demonstrates the striking difference between the Franciscan educational organization and that of the Dominicans, thus weakening the notion that the Franciscans can be assumed, in the absence of evidence, to have copied the Dominicans. It is evident, however, that the Franciscan educational system and terminology was often borrowed, though modified in the process of adoption, from the secular university system.Less
Franciscan educational organization experienced rapid change throughout the thirteenth century paralleling the Order's spectacular expansion in both recruits and new provinces, changes in the university curricula, and the diverse roles the friars assumed in the ecclesiastical world. This chapter presents a snapshot of the Franciscan educational system around 1310, tracing the steps of a virtual friar from novitiate all the way to the master of theology in Paris. It demonstrates the striking difference between the Franciscan educational organization and that of the Dominicans, thus weakening the notion that the Franciscans can be assumed, in the absence of evidence, to have copied the Dominicans. It is evident, however, that the Franciscan educational system and terminology was often borrowed, though modified in the process of adoption, from the secular university system.
Neil Gould
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823228713
- eISBN:
- 9780823241798
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823228713.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
In the early twentieth century Herbert was very much involved in the clubs of New York. The clubs represented recognition of professional achievement as well as refuge from the stresses of an urban ...
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In the early twentieth century Herbert was very much involved in the clubs of New York. The clubs represented recognition of professional achievement as well as refuge from the stresses of an urban environment. It was a place where men of like mind and ability could enjoy each other's company. Clubs at this time included the Lambs, the Friars, the Lotos Club, the Society of Arts and Science, the American-Irish Historical Society, the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, the Friends of Irish Freedom, the Bohemians, and the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) that Herbert help found.Less
In the early twentieth century Herbert was very much involved in the clubs of New York. The clubs represented recognition of professional achievement as well as refuge from the stresses of an urban environment. It was a place where men of like mind and ability could enjoy each other's company. Clubs at this time included the Lambs, the Friars, the Lotos Club, the Society of Arts and Science, the American-Irish Historical Society, the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, the Friends of Irish Freedom, the Bohemians, and the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) that Herbert help found.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804774864
- eISBN:
- 9780804783255
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804774864.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter examines the changing status of mendicant orders in New Spain between the late sixteenth and the end of the eighteenth century, focusing on their institutional presence in cities. It ...
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This chapter examines the changing status of mendicant orders in New Spain between the late sixteenth and the end of the eighteenth century, focusing on their institutional presence in cities. It investigates how the orders became almost exclusively urban communities by the late eighteenth century and analyzes their urbanization based on foundations of convents and numbers of friars. This chapter also discusses the challenges and difficulties experienced by the orders from states-sponsored reforms that sought to convert orders into what the crown thought they should be.Less
This chapter examines the changing status of mendicant orders in New Spain between the late sixteenth and the end of the eighteenth century, focusing on their institutional presence in cities. It investigates how the orders became almost exclusively urban communities by the late eighteenth century and analyzes their urbanization based on foundations of convents and numbers of friars. This chapter also discusses the challenges and difficulties experienced by the orders from states-sponsored reforms that sought to convert orders into what the crown thought they should be.
Sara Ritchey
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452536
- eISBN:
- 9780801470950
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452536.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This chapter examines Clare of Assisi's focus on the crucifixion of Christ—his “suffer[ing] on the tree of the cross”—as part of her pursuit of poverty. It considers Clare's devotional persuasion ...
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This chapter examines Clare of Assisi's focus on the crucifixion of Christ—his “suffer[ing] on the tree of the cross”—as part of her pursuit of poverty. It considers Clare's devotional persuasion over the men in the Franciscan order, the Friars Minor, and how her prayer life, developed during her struggle to observe poverty, influenced later meditations written by and for Franciscan men of the First Order. Focusing on Clare's innovative meditation as described in her letters to Agnes, a certain princess from the kingdom of Bohemia, this chapter suggests that Clare's struggle to achieve poverty and acceptance of Francis of Assisi's Rule shaped her spiritual direction and her goals for communal religious life. In the prayers she shared with her sisters in Prague, she focused on Christ's crucifixion as the one event that had utterly altered the rules of the material world. The chapter concludes by discussing Bonaventure of Bagnoregio's Lignum vitae (Tree of Life), in which he also uses a tree of crucifixion in an attempt to conform the self to Christ.Less
This chapter examines Clare of Assisi's focus on the crucifixion of Christ—his “suffer[ing] on the tree of the cross”—as part of her pursuit of poverty. It considers Clare's devotional persuasion over the men in the Franciscan order, the Friars Minor, and how her prayer life, developed during her struggle to observe poverty, influenced later meditations written by and for Franciscan men of the First Order. Focusing on Clare's innovative meditation as described in her letters to Agnes, a certain princess from the kingdom of Bohemia, this chapter suggests that Clare's struggle to achieve poverty and acceptance of Francis of Assisi's Rule shaped her spiritual direction and her goals for communal religious life. In the prayers she shared with her sisters in Prague, she focused on Christ's crucifixion as the one event that had utterly altered the rules of the material world. The chapter concludes by discussing Bonaventure of Bagnoregio's Lignum vitae (Tree of Life), in which he also uses a tree of crucifixion in an attempt to conform the self to Christ.
Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199213146
- eISBN:
- 9780191762734
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213146.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, Philosophy of Religion
Thomas Aquinas is widely recognized as one of history’s most significant Christian theologians and one of the most powerful philosophical minds of the western tradition. But what has often not been ...
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Thomas Aquinas is widely recognized as one of history’s most significant Christian theologians and one of the most powerful philosophical minds of the western tradition. But what has often not been sufficiently attended to is the fact that he carried out his theological and philosophical labours as a part of his vocation as a Dominican friar, dedicated to a life of preaching and the care of souls. This book places Aquinas’ thought within the context of that vocation, and argues that his views on issues of God, creation, Christology, soteriology, and the Christian life are both shaped by and in service to the distinctive goals of the Dominicans. What Aquinas says concerning both matters of faith and matters of reason, as well as his understanding of the relationship between the two, are illuminated by the particular Dominican call to serve God through handing on to others through preaching and teaching the fruits of one’s own theological reflection.Less
Thomas Aquinas is widely recognized as one of history’s most significant Christian theologians and one of the most powerful philosophical minds of the western tradition. But what has often not been sufficiently attended to is the fact that he carried out his theological and philosophical labours as a part of his vocation as a Dominican friar, dedicated to a life of preaching and the care of souls. This book places Aquinas’ thought within the context of that vocation, and argues that his views on issues of God, creation, Christology, soteriology, and the Christian life are both shaped by and in service to the distinctive goals of the Dominicans. What Aquinas says concerning both matters of faith and matters of reason, as well as his understanding of the relationship between the two, are illuminated by the particular Dominican call to serve God through handing on to others through preaching and teaching the fruits of one’s own theological reflection.
Neslihan Şenocak
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450570
- eISBN:
- 9780801464249
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450570.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter first sets out the book's purpose, namely to address questions of why and how the Franciscans, despite having their origins in a simple and predominantly lay brotherhood, embraced ...
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This chapter first sets out the book's purpose, namely to address questions of why and how the Franciscans, despite having their origins in a simple and predominantly lay brotherhood, embraced scholastic learning. Why did they open schools, establish libraries, and eagerly seek out and produce books? Why did they move to university towns and compete with the Dominicans to enroll scholars and masters? When did this “scholastic” transformation take place and under what conditions? The remainder of the chapter discusses how the writing of Franciscan history has affected our understanding of the Order's involvement in learning; the emergence and sustenance of the Spiritual-Community controversy in the Franciscan historiography; and the use of Dominican history in the historical reconstruction of the Franciscan educational system. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.Less
This chapter first sets out the book's purpose, namely to address questions of why and how the Franciscans, despite having their origins in a simple and predominantly lay brotherhood, embraced scholastic learning. Why did they open schools, establish libraries, and eagerly seek out and produce books? Why did they move to university towns and compete with the Dominicans to enroll scholars and masters? When did this “scholastic” transformation take place and under what conditions? The remainder of the chapter discusses how the writing of Franciscan history has affected our understanding of the Order's involvement in learning; the emergence and sustenance of the Spiritual-Community controversy in the Franciscan historiography; and the use of Dominican history in the historical reconstruction of the Franciscan educational system. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
