Jamie Pittock, C. Max Finlayson, and Simon Linke
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198766384
- eISBN:
- 9780191820908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198766384.003.0017
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
In this chapter we review techniques that managers may use to respond to climate change. First, modelling the impacts of climate change on freshwater ecosystems is discussed. While hydro-climatic ...
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In this chapter we review techniques that managers may use to respond to climate change. First, modelling the impacts of climate change on freshwater ecosystems is discussed. While hydro-climatic projections can be used their imprecision requires the selection of robust adaptation options that provide benefits under a range of possible climate outcomes. Second, contested concepts for managing freshwater ecosystems and resources are summarised, and we conclude that they may be used to develop and implement cross-sectoral policies that sustain freshwater ecosystems. Third, options for climate change adaptation for freshwater ecosystems recommends application of six principles, emphasising: accommodation of change; application of ecological and socio-economic targets across multiple scales; maintaining connectivity, conservation of refugia, and representative habitats; initial implementation of no- and low-regret adaptation interventions; agreeing on thresholds for ecological change that trigger new management interventions; and scientific monitoring and evaluation. We conclude by considering how to manage the negative impacts and seize positive synergies in climate change responses: conservation advocates must engage with agriculture, energy, and water resources sectors if freshwater ecosystems are to be incorporated in their decisions.Less
In this chapter we review techniques that managers may use to respond to climate change. First, modelling the impacts of climate change on freshwater ecosystems is discussed. While hydro-climatic projections can be used their imprecision requires the selection of robust adaptation options that provide benefits under a range of possible climate outcomes. Second, contested concepts for managing freshwater ecosystems and resources are summarised, and we conclude that they may be used to develop and implement cross-sectoral policies that sustain freshwater ecosystems. Third, options for climate change adaptation for freshwater ecosystems recommends application of six principles, emphasising: accommodation of change; application of ecological and socio-economic targets across multiple scales; maintaining connectivity, conservation of refugia, and representative habitats; initial implementation of no- and low-regret adaptation interventions; agreeing on thresholds for ecological change that trigger new management interventions; and scientific monitoring and evaluation. We conclude by considering how to manage the negative impacts and seize positive synergies in climate change responses: conservation advocates must engage with agriculture, energy, and water resources sectors if freshwater ecosystems are to be incorporated in their decisions.
Juliet Christian-Smith and Lucy Allen
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- February 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199859443
- eISBN:
- 9780190252632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199859443.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter explores the management of freshwater ecosystems in the US. It provides an overview of threats to US aquatic environments and the health of the nation's water sources; a brief review of ...
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This chapter explores the management of freshwater ecosystems in the US. It provides an overview of threats to US aquatic environments and the health of the nation's water sources; a brief review of existing legal protections; and a summary of growing efforts to protect and restore freshwater ecosystems.Less
This chapter explores the management of freshwater ecosystems in the US. It provides an overview of threats to US aquatic environments and the health of the nation's water sources; a brief review of existing legal protections; and a summary of growing efforts to protect and restore freshwater ecosystems.
Edward B. Barbier
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780300224436
- eISBN:
- 9780300240573
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300224436.003.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the water paradox. Water is essential to life and freshwater on this planet has always been limited. This would suggest that, if water is the most ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the water paradox. Water is essential to life and freshwater on this planet has always been limited. This would suggest that, if water is the most valuable commodity for humans and it is growing scarcer because of its increasing use, then humans ought to be taking care of its main source—freshwater ecosystems. Instead, for thousands and thousands of years, humankind's approach to managing water supplies has been just the opposite. Unfortunately, the consequence of humankind's action and neglect is that the principal source of water—freshwater ecosystems—is under increased pressure and even destruction from both human impacts and environmental change. Indeed, according to the World Economic Forum's annual report Global Risk 2016, over the next decade the biggest threat to the planet will be a global water crisis. A global water crisis will have a number of economic and social implications.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the water paradox. Water is essential to life and freshwater on this planet has always been limited. This would suggest that, if water is the most valuable commodity for humans and it is growing scarcer because of its increasing use, then humans ought to be taking care of its main source—freshwater ecosystems. Instead, for thousands and thousands of years, humankind's approach to managing water supplies has been just the opposite. Unfortunately, the consequence of humankind's action and neglect is that the principal source of water—freshwater ecosystems—is under increased pressure and even destruction from both human impacts and environmental change. Indeed, according to the World Economic Forum's annual report Global Risk 2016, over the next decade the biggest threat to the planet will be a global water crisis. A global water crisis will have a number of economic and social implications.
David Strayer
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520255265
- eISBN:
- 9780520942523
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520255265.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
Pearly mussels (Unionoidea) live in lakes, rivers, and streams around the world. These bivalves play important roles in freshwater ecosystems and were once both culturally and economically valuable ...
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Pearly mussels (Unionoidea) live in lakes, rivers, and streams around the world. These bivalves play important roles in freshwater ecosystems and were once both culturally and economically valuable as sources of food, pearls, and mother-of-pearl. Today, however, hundreds of species of these mussels are extinct or endangered. This book provides a critical synthesis of the factors that control the distribution and abundance of pearly mussels. Using empirical analyses and models, it assesses the effects of dispersal, habitat quality, fish host availability, adequate food, predators, and parasites. The book also addresses conservation issues that apply to other inhabitants of fresh waters around the globe and other pressing issues in contemporary ecology.Less
Pearly mussels (Unionoidea) live in lakes, rivers, and streams around the world. These bivalves play important roles in freshwater ecosystems and were once both culturally and economically valuable as sources of food, pearls, and mother-of-pearl. Today, however, hundreds of species of these mussels are extinct or endangered. This book provides a critical synthesis of the factors that control the distribution and abundance of pearly mussels. Using empirical analyses and models, it assesses the effects of dispersal, habitat quality, fish host availability, adequate food, predators, and parasites. The book also addresses conservation issues that apply to other inhabitants of fresh waters around the globe and other pressing issues in contemporary ecology.
Edward B. Barbier
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780300224436
- eISBN:
- 9780300240573
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300224436.003.0010
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
This concluding chapter looks at the future of water. There are two possible paths for managing water. First, if the world continues with inadequate governance and institutions, incorrect market ...
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This concluding chapter looks at the future of water. There are two possible paths for managing water. First, if the world continues with inadequate governance and institutions, incorrect market signals, and insufficient innovations to improve efficiency and manage competing demands, most chronic water and scarcity problems will continue to worsen. The world will see a future of declining water security, freshwater ecosystem degradation, and increasing disputes and conflicts over remaining water resources. The alternative path to managing water is the one offered by this book. If, in anticipation of the coming decades of increasing water scarcity, humankind is able to develop appropriate governance and institutions for water management, instigate market and policy reforms, and address global management issues, then improved innovation and investments in new water technologies and better protection of freshwater ecosystems should secure sufficient beneficial water use for a growing world population.Less
This concluding chapter looks at the future of water. There are two possible paths for managing water. First, if the world continues with inadequate governance and institutions, incorrect market signals, and insufficient innovations to improve efficiency and manage competing demands, most chronic water and scarcity problems will continue to worsen. The world will see a future of declining water security, freshwater ecosystem degradation, and increasing disputes and conflicts over remaining water resources. The alternative path to managing water is the one offered by this book. If, in anticipation of the coming decades of increasing water scarcity, humankind is able to develop appropriate governance and institutions for water management, instigate market and policy reforms, and address global management issues, then improved innovation and investments in new water technologies and better protection of freshwater ecosystems should secure sufficient beneficial water use for a growing world population.
Winston F. Ponder, Donald J. Colgan, John M. Healy, Nützel Alexander, Luiz R.L. Simone, and Ellen E. Mielke
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520250925
- eISBN:
- 9780520933705
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520250925.003.0013
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter examines the evolution of the gastropod clade of Caenogastropoda. It explains that caenogastropods comprise about 60% of living gastropod species and the first records of undisputed ...
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This chapter examines the evolution of the gastropod clade of Caenogastropoda. It explains that caenogastropods comprise about 60% of living gastropod species and the first records of undisputed caenogastropods are from the middle and upper Paleozoic period. The caenogastropods have diversified into a wide range of habitats and have successfully invaded freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems multiple times.Less
This chapter examines the evolution of the gastropod clade of Caenogastropoda. It explains that caenogastropods comprise about 60% of living gastropod species and the first records of undisputed caenogastropods are from the middle and upper Paleozoic period. The caenogastropods have diversified into a wide range of habitats and have successfully invaded freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems multiple times.
Rodney B. Pierce
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816679546
- eISBN:
- 9781452947761
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816679546.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
The northern pike—sometimes affectionately known as the “aquatic wolf”—is one of the most sought after and mythologized fishes in Minnesota, but until now there have been few books devoted to the ...
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The northern pike—sometimes affectionately known as the “aquatic wolf”—is one of the most sought after and mythologized fishes in Minnesota, but until now there have been few books devoted to the history and ecological management of the species. Based on pioneering research, this book offers a complete collection of information on the species. A tremendously important game fish and resource both in Minnesota and throughout the northern hemisphere, northern pike populations directly reflect local geology and human influence, playing a key role in the health of freshwater ecosystems. As urbanization spreads and the human population continues to grow, pike populations face increasing pressure, requiring new ways of looking at and managing the species. In Minnesota, important work has been conducted on northern pike: analyses of stocking success and investigations into the relationships within fish communities; the management of rearing marshes; environmental effects on natural production; the genetics of northern pike; and strategies for scientifically monitoring pike. The state has been a leader in developing fishing regulations to help restore large pike, among many other measures designed to ensure the future quantity and health of a key species in Minnesota’s waterways. This study documents and synthesizes the long history of northern pike management and describes the latest efforts to better understand and manage this critical and renowned species.Less
The northern pike—sometimes affectionately known as the “aquatic wolf”—is one of the most sought after and mythologized fishes in Minnesota, but until now there have been few books devoted to the history and ecological management of the species. Based on pioneering research, this book offers a complete collection of information on the species. A tremendously important game fish and resource both in Minnesota and throughout the northern hemisphere, northern pike populations directly reflect local geology and human influence, playing a key role in the health of freshwater ecosystems. As urbanization spreads and the human population continues to grow, pike populations face increasing pressure, requiring new ways of looking at and managing the species. In Minnesota, important work has been conducted on northern pike: analyses of stocking success and investigations into the relationships within fish communities; the management of rearing marshes; environmental effects on natural production; the genetics of northern pike; and strategies for scientifically monitoring pike. The state has been a leader in developing fishing regulations to help restore large pike, among many other measures designed to ensure the future quantity and health of a key species in Minnesota’s waterways. This study documents and synthesizes the long history of northern pike management and describes the latest efforts to better understand and manage this critical and renowned species.
