Carole Hillenbrand
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748625727
- eISBN:
- 9780748671359
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625727.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
The book's short conclusion reminds the reader of how Manzikert is perceived, both by medieval Muslim and Byzantine chroniclers, as a pivotal event in the perennial conflict between Christianity and ...
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The book's short conclusion reminds the reader of how Manzikert is perceived, both by medieval Muslim and Byzantine chroniclers, as a pivotal event in the perennial conflict between Christianity and Islam. Manzikert is the set piece of Seljuq historiography. The capture of Romanus IV Diogenes, the Byzantine emperor himself, at the battle gave the incoming nomadic Turks enormous prestige in both East and West. His subsequent release by Alp Arslan, the Turkish sultan – a magnanimous deed recorded by both Christian and Muslim chroniclers – greatly enhanced the latter's prestige. This victory can be seen as the first step in a much wider process in which Turkish-led dynasties definitively defeated the Crusaders and eventually came to control the entire Middle East. For scholars nowadays, Manzikert can be seen as a distant but key precursor of the fall of Constantinople in 1453. And in the minds of the many millions of Turks today, it is above all the founding myth of the battle of Manzikert in 1071 that has determined their history.Less
The book's short conclusion reminds the reader of how Manzikert is perceived, both by medieval Muslim and Byzantine chroniclers, as a pivotal event in the perennial conflict between Christianity and Islam. Manzikert is the set piece of Seljuq historiography. The capture of Romanus IV Diogenes, the Byzantine emperor himself, at the battle gave the incoming nomadic Turks enormous prestige in both East and West. His subsequent release by Alp Arslan, the Turkish sultan – a magnanimous deed recorded by both Christian and Muslim chroniclers – greatly enhanced the latter's prestige. This victory can be seen as the first step in a much wider process in which Turkish-led dynasties definitively defeated the Crusaders and eventually came to control the entire Middle East. For scholars nowadays, Manzikert can be seen as a distant but key precursor of the fall of Constantinople in 1453. And in the minds of the many millions of Turks today, it is above all the founding myth of the battle of Manzikert in 1071 that has determined their history.
Robert Gildea
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199249978
- eISBN:
- 9780191697852
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249978.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter explores the ways in which the revolutions of 1848 have been remembered, ways which have been formed around the celebration of key anniversaries. The first myth constructed around the ...
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This chapter explores the ways in which the revolutions of 1848 have been remembered, ways which have been formed around the celebration of key anniversaries. The first myth constructed around the revolution of 1848 was the democratic one. Democratic movements traced their foundation to 1848 and argued that the central achievement of that year was to find a path to democracy between stifling authoritarianism and violent revolution. The socialist view of the 1848 revolutions argued that the democratic rhetoric of fraternity concealed the reality of bourgeois class interests and that democratic revolution against absolutism and feudalism became bourgeois betrayal and bourgeois repression when the working classes started to assert their own interests. The final founding myth of 1848 deals with France, relating to the abolition of slavery in the French colonies by a decree of the Provisional Government on 27 April 1848.Less
This chapter explores the ways in which the revolutions of 1848 have been remembered, ways which have been formed around the celebration of key anniversaries. The first myth constructed around the revolution of 1848 was the democratic one. Democratic movements traced their foundation to 1848 and argued that the central achievement of that year was to find a path to democracy between stifling authoritarianism and violent revolution. The socialist view of the 1848 revolutions argued that the democratic rhetoric of fraternity concealed the reality of bourgeois class interests and that democratic revolution against absolutism and feudalism became bourgeois betrayal and bourgeois repression when the working classes started to assert their own interests. The final founding myth of 1848 deals with France, relating to the abolition of slavery in the French colonies by a decree of the Provisional Government on 27 April 1848.
David M. Krueger
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816696918
- eISBN:
- 9781452952444
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816696918.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Myths of the Rune Stone tells the story of how white Midwesterners created, adapted, and propagated a myth that Viking missionaries had visited their region and were “massacred” by local Indians ...
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Myths of the Rune Stone tells the story of how white Midwesterners created, adapted, and propagated a myth that Viking missionaries had visited their region and were “massacred” by local Indians prior to the explorations of Christopher Columbus. Popular enthusiasm for this story developed as a local expression of American exceptionalism that both affirmed and challenged status quo assumptions about the formation of the United States as a nation and what it means to be a “real American.” The narrative of a primordial, white, Christian sacrifice staked an exclusive claim to the landscape, shaped collective identities, and generated social power for groups that viewed themselves as “under attack.” In the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary, locals persisted in their belief in this Viking origin myth, using it advance their ethnic, racial, civic and religious goals. Although such myths are often thought to be the exclusive provenance of Scandinavian immigrants, Myths of the Rune Stone demonstrates their appeal to a diverse cross-section of residents, including Catholics and the descendants of Yankee pioneer settlers.Less
Myths of the Rune Stone tells the story of how white Midwesterners created, adapted, and propagated a myth that Viking missionaries had visited their region and were “massacred” by local Indians prior to the explorations of Christopher Columbus. Popular enthusiasm for this story developed as a local expression of American exceptionalism that both affirmed and challenged status quo assumptions about the formation of the United States as a nation and what it means to be a “real American.” The narrative of a primordial, white, Christian sacrifice staked an exclusive claim to the landscape, shaped collective identities, and generated social power for groups that viewed themselves as “under attack.” In the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary, locals persisted in their belief in this Viking origin myth, using it advance their ethnic, racial, civic and religious goals. Although such myths are often thought to be the exclusive provenance of Scandinavian immigrants, Myths of the Rune Stone demonstrates their appeal to a diverse cross-section of residents, including Catholics and the descendants of Yankee pioneer settlers.
Martin S. Flaherty
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691179124
- eISBN:
- 9780691186122
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691179124.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter argues that separation of powers was understood to apply to foreign no less than domestic affairs. In so doing, it provides a corrective for both the history of the Founding and certain ...
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This chapter argues that separation of powers was understood to apply to foreign no less than domestic affairs. In so doing, it provides a corrective for both the history of the Founding and certain Founding myths that later constitutional approaches have projected upon that history. The chapter first brings together two dominant accounts of the Constitution's origins. It then argues that separation of powers mattered more, not less, with regard to the national government's enhanced powers in foreign affairs. The constitutional text and debates together confirm that the Founders sought to divide foreign affairs powers among the three branches in the same original ways they had for authority seen as ordinarily domestic. As in domestic affairs, moreover, the expectation was for the judiciary to play a critical role, especially in checking the other branches, the better to reign in excess power and safeguard fundamental rights.Less
This chapter argues that separation of powers was understood to apply to foreign no less than domestic affairs. In so doing, it provides a corrective for both the history of the Founding and certain Founding myths that later constitutional approaches have projected upon that history. The chapter first brings together two dominant accounts of the Constitution's origins. It then argues that separation of powers mattered more, not less, with regard to the national government's enhanced powers in foreign affairs. The constitutional text and debates together confirm that the Founders sought to divide foreign affairs powers among the three branches in the same original ways they had for authority seen as ordinarily domestic. As in domestic affairs, moreover, the expectation was for the judiciary to play a critical role, especially in checking the other branches, the better to reign in excess power and safeguard fundamental rights.
Kenneth Dyson
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198854289
- eISBN:
- 9780191888571
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198854289.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy, Political Theory
This chapter examines the various factors that have shaped the cross-national significance of conservative liberalism and Ordo-liberalism in public debate, in institutions and how they operate, and ...
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This chapter examines the various factors that have shaped the cross-national significance of conservative liberalism and Ordo-liberalism in public debate, in institutions and how they operate, and in policies, across space and over time. It argues that these factors have interacted in a way that gives this type of liberalism a historically contingent character. The chapter looks at self-assessment by conservative liberals and Ordo-liberals of Ludwig Erhard in Germany, Reinhard Kamitz in Austria, Jacques Rueff in France, and Paul van Zeeland in Belgium and the sense of beleaguerment that affects them. It also considers the cross-national reception of Ordo-liberalism and the process of cross-national convergence in conservative liberalism through networks, conferences, and institutions and through the emergence of family resemblance. The chapter pays close attention to the factors driving differences in significance: founding myths and aristocratic liberalism; mainstream philosophy of political economy; religion; state tradition; state- and nation-building; parties and party systems; events and crises; net creditors and net debtors; international structure of power and Americanization; and networking though university patronage, think tanks, and media dissemination. The chapter closes with reflections on the potential for conservative liberalism.Less
This chapter examines the various factors that have shaped the cross-national significance of conservative liberalism and Ordo-liberalism in public debate, in institutions and how they operate, and in policies, across space and over time. It argues that these factors have interacted in a way that gives this type of liberalism a historically contingent character. The chapter looks at self-assessment by conservative liberals and Ordo-liberals of Ludwig Erhard in Germany, Reinhard Kamitz in Austria, Jacques Rueff in France, and Paul van Zeeland in Belgium and the sense of beleaguerment that affects them. It also considers the cross-national reception of Ordo-liberalism and the process of cross-national convergence in conservative liberalism through networks, conferences, and institutions and through the emergence of family resemblance. The chapter pays close attention to the factors driving differences in significance: founding myths and aristocratic liberalism; mainstream philosophy of political economy; religion; state tradition; state- and nation-building; parties and party systems; events and crises; net creditors and net debtors; international structure of power and Americanization; and networking though university patronage, think tanks, and media dissemination. The chapter closes with reflections on the potential for conservative liberalism.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780823242641
- eISBN:
- 9780823242689
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823242641.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
Chapter 2 begins by placing these two seemingly contradictory terms in relation: only individuals may be melancholic, and they are so precisely because of their isolation, asociality, or distance ...
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Chapter 2 begins by placing these two seemingly contradictory terms in relation: only individuals may be melancholic, and they are so precisely because of their isolation, asociality, or distance from community. This chapter argues instead that melancholy is not something that separates individuals from a community, but that melancholy is the very form and content of community itself. Through a reading of solitude and a yearning for the ever-absent community in Rousseau; the melancholic nature of the Kantian subject; the superimposition of philosophy and melancholy in Heidegger, the chapter calls for a joining of these two terms toward a reading of community that is neither a goal nor an end, neither a presupposition nor a destination, but the condition, both singular and plural, of our complete existence.Less
Chapter 2 begins by placing these two seemingly contradictory terms in relation: only individuals may be melancholic, and they are so precisely because of their isolation, asociality, or distance from community. This chapter argues instead that melancholy is not something that separates individuals from a community, but that melancholy is the very form and content of community itself. Through a reading of solitude and a yearning for the ever-absent community in Rousseau; the melancholic nature of the Kantian subject; the superimposition of philosophy and melancholy in Heidegger, the chapter calls for a joining of these two terms toward a reading of community that is neither a goal nor an end, neither a presupposition nor a destination, but the condition, both singular and plural, of our complete existence.
