Ray A. Moore and Donald L. Robinson
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195151169
- eISBN:
- 9780199833917
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019515116X.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Presents the thinking of Japanese officials on constitutional reform. Convinced that the Potsdam Declaration had left the matter to the Japanese, Irie Toshio, chief of the cabinet's Legislation ...
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Presents the thinking of Japanese officials on constitutional reform. Convinced that the Potsdam Declaration had left the matter to the Japanese, Irie Toshio, chief of the cabinet's Legislation Bureau, argued in two memoranda in September and October 1945, that democracy could best be achieved by strengthening the Diet and guaranteeing basic human rights. The government sought advice on constitutional reform from scholars Miyazawa Toshiyoshi and Yabe Teiji. The Foreign Ministry then follow up with tentative proposals, by Tatsuki Keiichi, to reduce the influence of the military and make the Diet fully responsible to the people. However, both Irie and Tatsuki wished to preserve imperial sovereignty and the autonomy of the imperial household. In early October, a new cabinet under Shidehara Kijūrō appointed Matsumoto Jōji to head a committee to study constitutional reform.Less
Presents the thinking of Japanese officials on constitutional reform. Convinced that the Potsdam Declaration had left the matter to the Japanese, Irie Toshio, chief of the cabinet's Legislation Bureau, argued in two memoranda in September and October 1945, that democracy could best be achieved by strengthening the Diet and guaranteeing basic human rights. The government sought advice on constitutional reform from scholars Miyazawa Toshiyoshi and Yabe Teiji. The Foreign Ministry then follow up with tentative proposals, by Tatsuki Keiichi, to reduce the influence of the military and make the Diet fully responsible to the people. However, both Irie and Tatsuki wished to preserve imperial sovereignty and the autonomy of the imperial household. In early October, a new cabinet under Shidehara Kijūrō appointed Matsumoto Jōji to head a committee to study constitutional reform.
Frédéric Mérand
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199533244
- eISBN:
- 9780191714474
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199533244.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, European Union
The international defense and the European foreign policy field each underwent crises in the early 1990s. The end of the Cold War and their own fiscal problems led West European governments to slash ...
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The international defense and the European foreign policy field each underwent crises in the early 1990s. The end of the Cold War and their own fiscal problems led West European governments to slash military spending. Military organizations faced both a budgetary and a legitimacy crisis. This forced them to find ways, beyond traditional defense, to regain legitimacy and salvage their resources. Meanwhile, with the Single European Act and the Treaty of Maastricht, EU policy began to pervade domestic policymaking. The domestication of EU policy meant that foreign ministries were no longer each other's sole interlocutors in the EU. The influence of European diplomats abroad was also called into question in the Balkans, in Africa, and elsewhere. In the 1990s, Europe was portrayed as an economic giant but a political dwarf.Less
The international defense and the European foreign policy field each underwent crises in the early 1990s. The end of the Cold War and their own fiscal problems led West European governments to slash military spending. Military organizations faced both a budgetary and a legitimacy crisis. This forced them to find ways, beyond traditional defense, to regain legitimacy and salvage their resources. Meanwhile, with the Single European Act and the Treaty of Maastricht, EU policy began to pervade domestic policymaking. The domestication of EU policy meant that foreign ministries were no longer each other's sole interlocutors in the EU. The influence of European diplomats abroad was also called into question in the Balkans, in Africa, and elsewhere. In the 1990s, Europe was portrayed as an economic giant but a political dwarf.
M. B. HAYNE
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202707
- eISBN:
- 9780191675492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202707.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The subject of the study is presented in this chapter: the French Foreign Ministry — the Quai d'Orsay — between 1898 and 1914. The chapter explains that the period chosen showcases several important ...
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The subject of the study is presented in this chapter: the French Foreign Ministry — the Quai d'Orsay — between 1898 and 1914. The chapter explains that the period chosen showcases several important events that occurred which includes the illustrious career of Théophile Delcassé, Fashoda and the associated crisis, and the onset war that provided a natural conclusion to an eventful era of French Diplomacy. This chapter argues that despite the evident significance of the Quai d'Orsay, relative treatment has been given to the topic by several writers and scholars. The goal of the book is also demonstrated here which is to contribute to the historiography and the controversy surrounding the origins of the First World War.Less
The subject of the study is presented in this chapter: the French Foreign Ministry — the Quai d'Orsay — between 1898 and 1914. The chapter explains that the period chosen showcases several important events that occurred which includes the illustrious career of Théophile Delcassé, Fashoda and the associated crisis, and the onset war that provided a natural conclusion to an eventful era of French Diplomacy. This chapter argues that despite the evident significance of the Quai d'Orsay, relative treatment has been given to the topic by several writers and scholars. The goal of the book is also demonstrated here which is to contribute to the historiography and the controversy surrounding the origins of the First World War.
M. B. Hayne
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202707
- eISBN:
- 9780191675492
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202707.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book is a scholarly history of the French Foreign Ministry — the Quai d'Orsay — in the years between the Fashoda Crisis and the First World War. The book examines the bureaucratic machinery of ...
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This book is a scholarly history of the French Foreign Ministry — the Quai d'Orsay — in the years between the Fashoda Crisis and the First World War. The book examines the bureaucratic machinery of the Quai d'Orsay, its policies and personnel, and the formulation and administration of foreign policy. The book explores the ideas and influence of leading diplomats and administrators, the social and educational background of officials, and their prejudices and aims. It also traces the often complex relationships between successive Foreign Ministers and the functionaries of the Quai d'Orsay. Consisting of eleven chapters with an introduction and a conclusion, the analysis presented in this book throws much new light on French policy and actions during the July Crisis, and makes a significant contribution to the debate over the origins of the First World War.Less
This book is a scholarly history of the French Foreign Ministry — the Quai d'Orsay — in the years between the Fashoda Crisis and the First World War. The book examines the bureaucratic machinery of the Quai d'Orsay, its policies and personnel, and the formulation and administration of foreign policy. The book explores the ideas and influence of leading diplomats and administrators, the social and educational background of officials, and their prejudices and aims. It also traces the often complex relationships between successive Foreign Ministers and the functionaries of the Quai d'Orsay. Consisting of eleven chapters with an introduction and a conclusion, the analysis presented in this book throws much new light on French policy and actions during the July Crisis, and makes a significant contribution to the debate over the origins of the First World War.
M. B. HAYNE
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202707
- eISBN:
- 9780191675492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202707.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter provides an in-depth analysis on the evolution of the Foreign Ministry by illustrating its history, structure, and practice. It was only until Cardinal Richelieu's period that definitive ...
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This chapter provides an in-depth analysis on the evolution of the Foreign Ministry by illustrating its history, structure, and practice. It was only until Cardinal Richelieu's period that definitive changes occurred in the Ministry due to his desire for professional competency. The chapter asserts that the Revolutionary period and Napoleonic era gave added impetus to the bureaucratization of foreign affairs and it was in the year of 1825 when the structure of the Foreign Ministry was well established. However, due to the unstable politics in 19th-century France, little changes occurred on its structure. The political and commercial division and other specialist services of the Quai d'Orsay and its functions are discussed in this chapter as are the recruitment procedures conducted.Less
This chapter provides an in-depth analysis on the evolution of the Foreign Ministry by illustrating its history, structure, and practice. It was only until Cardinal Richelieu's period that definitive changes occurred in the Ministry due to his desire for professional competency. The chapter asserts that the Revolutionary period and Napoleonic era gave added impetus to the bureaucratization of foreign affairs and it was in the year of 1825 when the structure of the Foreign Ministry was well established. However, due to the unstable politics in 19th-century France, little changes occurred on its structure. The political and commercial division and other specialist services of the Quai d'Orsay and its functions are discussed in this chapter as are the recruitment procedures conducted.
Iver B. Neumann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449932
- eISBN:
- 9780801462993
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449932.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter details the author's experiences as a rookie in the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). He first arrived at the Norwegian MFA to work as a planner, and was expected to pick up ...
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This chapter details the author's experiences as a rookie in the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). He first arrived at the Norwegian MFA to work as a planner, and was expected to pick up the skill of writing in the bureaucratic mode with no delay. Since the ministry produces a large number of speeches for its ministers, its state secretaries, and also its senior civil servants, it was no coincidence that his first assignment was as a speechwriter. The author describes how, through no fault of any one individual, a bureaucracy left to its own devices will produce texts that resemble their predecessors and one another. The main reasons are that texts are the result of teamwork; that the model for teamwork is previous texts; and that the process of producing the text is inner-driven, so that little or no heed is paid to audience, circumstances of delivery, political effects, and other matters external to the ministry itself.Less
This chapter details the author's experiences as a rookie in the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). He first arrived at the Norwegian MFA to work as a planner, and was expected to pick up the skill of writing in the bureaucratic mode with no delay. Since the ministry produces a large number of speeches for its ministers, its state secretaries, and also its senior civil servants, it was no coincidence that his first assignment was as a speechwriter. The author describes how, through no fault of any one individual, a bureaucracy left to its own devices will produce texts that resemble their predecessors and one another. The main reasons are that texts are the result of teamwork; that the model for teamwork is previous texts; and that the process of producing the text is inner-driven, so that little or no heed is paid to audience, circumstances of delivery, political effects, and other matters external to the ministry itself.
Simon J. Nuttall
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198273189
- eISBN:
- 9780191684005
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198273189.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter evaluates the survival chances of the European Political Co-operation (EPC). Optimists believe that the EPC Members States have already developed common positions on a wide range of ...
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This chapter evaluates the survival chances of the European Political Co-operation (EPC). Optimists believe that the EPC Members States have already developed common positions on a wide range of issues based on shared information and that these have a cumulative effect on world affairs. The pessimists who criticize the EPC should be reminded that the EPC has already made significant contributions to the development of a common foreign policy, and it has also introduced a new dimension into the national foreign policy-making process, which no Foreign Ministry of Member States can ignore any longer.Less
This chapter evaluates the survival chances of the European Political Co-operation (EPC). Optimists believe that the EPC Members States have already developed common positions on a wide range of issues based on shared information and that these have a cumulative effect on world affairs. The pessimists who criticize the EPC should be reminded that the EPC has already made significant contributions to the development of a common foreign policy, and it has also introduced a new dimension into the national foreign policy-making process, which no Foreign Ministry of Member States can ignore any longer.
Iver B. Neumann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449932
- eISBN:
- 9780801462993
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449932.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter discusses the emergence of the foreign ministry, using the history of the Norwegian foreign service as an example. It first details how the Danish conglomerate state evolved a separate ...
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This chapter discusses the emergence of the foreign ministry, using the history of the Norwegian foreign service as an example. It first details how the Danish conglomerate state evolved a separate foreign ministry in 1772. It then introduces the Swedish–Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) in its capacity as the main point of departure for the foundation of the Norwegian MFA in 1905. Norway is typical of the great majority of the world's 203 states in having gained its sovereignty and formed a foreign ministry only in the twentieth century. Thus, the genealogy of the Norwegian MFA should also throw light on the general emergence of foreign ministries and the effects on the conduct of diplomacy.Less
This chapter discusses the emergence of the foreign ministry, using the history of the Norwegian foreign service as an example. It first details how the Danish conglomerate state evolved a separate foreign ministry in 1772. It then introduces the Swedish–Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) in its capacity as the main point of departure for the foundation of the Norwegian MFA in 1905. Norway is typical of the great majority of the world's 203 states in having gained its sovereignty and formed a foreign ministry only in the twentieth century. Thus, the genealogy of the Norwegian MFA should also throw light on the general emergence of foreign ministries and the effects on the conduct of diplomacy.
M. B. HAYNE
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202707
- eISBN:
- 9780191675492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202707.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter states that between 1912 and 1914, the power of the Quai d'Orsay increased. It presents how Poincaré's election to the presidency of the Republic and his replacement by two inexperienced ...
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This chapter states that between 1912 and 1914, the power of the Quai d'Orsay increased. It presents how Poincaré's election to the presidency of the Republic and his replacement by two inexperienced men, Jonnart and Doumergue, and through the obliging Pichon, who identified closely with his permanent officials, the Quai d'Orsay became more influential. Also, due to the absence of reform and Poincaré, Jonnart, Pichon, and Doumerge's heavy reliance on the advice of Foreign Ministry officials, the Quai d'Orsay's power remained largely intact during this period.Less
This chapter states that between 1912 and 1914, the power of the Quai d'Orsay increased. It presents how Poincaré's election to the presidency of the Republic and his replacement by two inexperienced men, Jonnart and Doumergue, and through the obliging Pichon, who identified closely with his permanent officials, the Quai d'Orsay became more influential. Also, due to the absence of reform and Poincaré, Jonnart, Pichon, and Doumerge's heavy reliance on the advice of Foreign Ministry officials, the Quai d'Orsay's power remained largely intact during this period.
Iver B. Neumann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449932
- eISBN:
- 9780801462993
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449932.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The 2010 WikiLeaks release of 250,000 U.S. diplomatic cables has made it eminently clear that there is a vast gulf between the public face of diplomacy and the opinions and actions that take place ...
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The 2010 WikiLeaks release of 250,000 U.S. diplomatic cables has made it eminently clear that there is a vast gulf between the public face of diplomacy and the opinions and actions that take place behind embassy doors. This book offers unprecedented access to the inner workings of a foreign ministry, and shows us how diplomacy is conducted on a day-to-day basis. Approaching contemporary diplomacy from an anthropological perspective, the book examines the various aspects of diplomatic work and practice, including immunity, permanent representation, diplomatic sociability, accreditation, and issues of gender equality. It shows that the diplomat working abroad and the diplomat at home are engaged in two different modes of knowledge production. Diplomats in the field focus primarily on gathering and processing information. In contrast, the diplomat based in his or her home capital is caught up in the seemingly endless production of texts: reports, speeches, position papers, and the like. The book leaves the reader with a keen sense of the practices of diplomacy: relations with foreign ministries, mediating between other people's positions while integrating personal and professional into a cohesive whole, adherence to compulsory routines and agendas, and, above all, the generation of knowledge. Yet even as they come to master such quotidian tasks, diplomats are regularly called upon to do exceptional things, such as negotiating peace.Less
The 2010 WikiLeaks release of 250,000 U.S. diplomatic cables has made it eminently clear that there is a vast gulf between the public face of diplomacy and the opinions and actions that take place behind embassy doors. This book offers unprecedented access to the inner workings of a foreign ministry, and shows us how diplomacy is conducted on a day-to-day basis. Approaching contemporary diplomacy from an anthropological perspective, the book examines the various aspects of diplomatic work and practice, including immunity, permanent representation, diplomatic sociability, accreditation, and issues of gender equality. It shows that the diplomat working abroad and the diplomat at home are engaged in two different modes of knowledge production. Diplomats in the field focus primarily on gathering and processing information. In contrast, the diplomat based in his or her home capital is caught up in the seemingly endless production of texts: reports, speeches, position papers, and the like. The book leaves the reader with a keen sense of the practices of diplomacy: relations with foreign ministries, mediating between other people's positions while integrating personal and professional into a cohesive whole, adherence to compulsory routines and agendas, and, above all, the generation of knowledge. Yet even as they come to master such quotidian tasks, diplomats are regularly called upon to do exceptional things, such as negotiating peace.
Scott James
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719085123
- eISBN:
- 9781781702635
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085123.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter outlines the nature of the common strategic agenda around which strategic players have been recruited to the European Union (EU) network. It provides a historical overview of the ...
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This chapter outlines the nature of the common strategic agenda around which strategic players have been recruited to the European Union (EU) network. It provides a historical overview of the formation of the two networks (UK and Ireland) and how they have expanded over time in response to the intermittent growth of EU competence. Having mapped the network as a whole and its ‘core’, the chapter then examines the codes of conduct that govern formal interaction between players: that is, their formally defined roles and responsibilities, their function and location within the network, and the informal norms and procedures which govern strategic networking. The chapter is concerned primarily with those core players (or network ‘managers’) responsible for managing and coordinating EU national policy (the prime minister's/cabinet offices, foreign ministry, permanent representation, finance department and legal advisers). It also briefly reflects on the changing role of sub-national players over the past decade.Less
This chapter outlines the nature of the common strategic agenda around which strategic players have been recruited to the European Union (EU) network. It provides a historical overview of the formation of the two networks (UK and Ireland) and how they have expanded over time in response to the intermittent growth of EU competence. Having mapped the network as a whole and its ‘core’, the chapter then examines the codes of conduct that govern formal interaction between players: that is, their formally defined roles and responsibilities, their function and location within the network, and the informal norms and procedures which govern strategic networking. The chapter is concerned primarily with those core players (or network ‘managers’) responsible for managing and coordinating EU national policy (the prime minister's/cabinet offices, foreign ministry, permanent representation, finance department and legal advisers). It also briefly reflects on the changing role of sub-national players over the past decade.
Erik Esselstrom
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832315
- eISBN:
- 9780824868932
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832315.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines patterns found in later processes of imperial encroachment within the evolution of the Japanese consular police in preannexation Korea and their relation to developments on the ...
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This chapter examines patterns found in later processes of imperial encroachment within the evolution of the Japanese consular police in preannexation Korea and their relation to developments on the home islands. It first considers the reasons for the initial establishment of consular police forces in the port cities opened by Japan's unequal treaties with Korea during the early 1880s, along with the general characteristics of the police force and the nature of their activities. It then describes the rapid increase in consular police personnel after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 and goes on to discuss the expansion of consular police infrastructure during the Russo-Japanese War era. It also explores the role of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs in paving the way for the annexation of Korea. The chapter suggests that the pattern of consular police expansion followed by colonial conquest was a prelude to Japan's imperial project in China and Manchuria.Less
This chapter examines patterns found in later processes of imperial encroachment within the evolution of the Japanese consular police in preannexation Korea and their relation to developments on the home islands. It first considers the reasons for the initial establishment of consular police forces in the port cities opened by Japan's unequal treaties with Korea during the early 1880s, along with the general characteristics of the police force and the nature of their activities. It then describes the rapid increase in consular police personnel after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 and goes on to discuss the expansion of consular police infrastructure during the Russo-Japanese War era. It also explores the role of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs in paving the way for the annexation of Korea. The chapter suggests that the pattern of consular police expansion followed by colonial conquest was a prelude to Japan's imperial project in China and Manchuria.
Erik Esselstrom
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832315
- eISBN:
- 9780824868932
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832315.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines the dispute between China and Japan over the propriety and fundamental legal legitimacy of the consular police established by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs in ...
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This chapter examines the dispute between China and Japan over the propriety and fundamental legal legitimacy of the consular police established by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs in mainland Chinese treaty ports and the Manchurian frontier. It first considers the presence of the Gaimushō police in the treaty ports of Shanghai, Tianjin, and Xiamen before exploring how the legality of the consular police's existence in the Chinese treaty port environment and in Manchuria came under fire from local Chinese officials, other foreign colonial powers, and even rival institutions of their own imperial government. It also looks at the Zhengjiatun incident of 1916 in Manchuria to highlight the wider Sino-Japanese conflict over the legitimacy of the Japanese consular police. Finally, it analyzes the reasons why the Gaimushō insisted on its claim for legitimate police power despite strong opposition from the Chinese side.Less
This chapter examines the dispute between China and Japan over the propriety and fundamental legal legitimacy of the consular police established by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs in mainland Chinese treaty ports and the Manchurian frontier. It first considers the presence of the Gaimushō police in the treaty ports of Shanghai, Tianjin, and Xiamen before exploring how the legality of the consular police's existence in the Chinese treaty port environment and in Manchuria came under fire from local Chinese officials, other foreign colonial powers, and even rival institutions of their own imperial government. It also looks at the Zhengjiatun incident of 1916 in Manchuria to highlight the wider Sino-Japanese conflict over the legitimacy of the Japanese consular police. Finally, it analyzes the reasons why the Gaimushō insisted on its claim for legitimate police power despite strong opposition from the Chinese side.
Erik Esselstrom
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832315
- eISBN:
- 9780824868932
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832315.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This book examines the role played by Japan's consular police in shaping the Japanese colonial presence in East Asia. Drawing upon a wide variety of primary and secondary sources, including the ...
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This book examines the role played by Japan's consular police in shaping the Japanese colonial presence in East Asia. Drawing upon a wide variety of primary and secondary sources, including the Gaimushō keisatsushi (A History of the Foreign Ministry Police), the book considers how the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Gaimushō) used this police force to apprehend Korean, Chinese, and Japanese purveyors of “dangerous thought” throughout the empire. It highlights the ways in which the police enabled the Gaimushō to actively promote colonial expansionism in accordance with its perceived political security prerogatives. It also shows how domestic politics intertwined with foreign policy in the Gaimushō's police work.Less
This book examines the role played by Japan's consular police in shaping the Japanese colonial presence in East Asia. Drawing upon a wide variety of primary and secondary sources, including the Gaimushō keisatsushi (A History of the Foreign Ministry Police), the book considers how the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Gaimushō) used this police force to apprehend Korean, Chinese, and Japanese purveyors of “dangerous thought” throughout the empire. It highlights the ways in which the police enabled the Gaimushō to actively promote colonial expansionism in accordance with its perceived political security prerogatives. It also shows how domestic politics intertwined with foreign policy in the Gaimushō's police work.
Iver B. Neumann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449932
- eISBN:
- 9780801462993
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449932.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book is a historically informed ethnography of diplomacy which asks what diplomats do and how they came to do it. It ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book is a historically informed ethnography of diplomacy which asks what diplomats do and how they came to do it. It demonstrates that today's organization of diplomacy, centered as it is on foreign ministries with staff usually numbered in the thousands, is a very recent and historically specific phenomenon. It also complements the sparse extant literature by bringing anthropology and international relations to bear on the quotidian work of diplomats. The remainder of the chapter discusses how the field of diplomacy radically differs from the widespread stereotypes that shape newspaper reports, popular culture, and the opinions of social scientists who have no personal experience with diplomats and diplomacy. It further describes some of the author's experiences as a diplomat.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book is a historically informed ethnography of diplomacy which asks what diplomats do and how they came to do it. It demonstrates that today's organization of diplomacy, centered as it is on foreign ministries with staff usually numbered in the thousands, is a very recent and historically specific phenomenon. It also complements the sparse extant literature by bringing anthropology and international relations to bear on the quotidian work of diplomats. The remainder of the chapter discusses how the field of diplomacy radically differs from the widespread stereotypes that shape newspaper reports, popular culture, and the opinions of social scientists who have no personal experience with diplomats and diplomacy. It further describes some of the author's experiences as a diplomat.
Erik Esselstrom
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832315
- eISBN:
- 9780824868932
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832315.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
For more than half a century, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Gaimushō) possessed an independent police force that operated within Japan's informal empire on the Asian continent. Charged ...
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For more than half a century, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Gaimushō) possessed an independent police force that operated within Japan's informal empire on the Asian continent. Charged with “protecting and controlling” local Japanese communities first in Korea and later in China, these consular police played a critical role in facilitating Japanese imperial expansion during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This book describes how the Gaimushō police became deeply involved in the surveillance and suppression of the Korean independence movement in exile throughout Chinese treaty ports and the Manchurian frontier during the 1920s and 1930s. It had in fact evolved over the years from a relatively benign public security organization into a full-fledged political intelligence apparatus devoted to apprehending purveyors of “dangerous thought” throughout the empire. While historians often still depict the Gaimushō as an inhibitor of unilateral military expansionism during the first half of the twentieth century, the book's exposé on the activities and ideology of the consular police dramatically challenges this narrative. Revealing a far greater complexity of motivation behind the Japanese colonial mission, it illustrates how the imperial Japanese state viewed political security at home as inextricably connected to political security abroad from as early as 1919—nearly a decade before overt military aggression began—and approaches northeast Asia as a region of intricate and dynamic social, economic, and political forces.Less
For more than half a century, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Gaimushō) possessed an independent police force that operated within Japan's informal empire on the Asian continent. Charged with “protecting and controlling” local Japanese communities first in Korea and later in China, these consular police played a critical role in facilitating Japanese imperial expansion during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This book describes how the Gaimushō police became deeply involved in the surveillance and suppression of the Korean independence movement in exile throughout Chinese treaty ports and the Manchurian frontier during the 1920s and 1930s. It had in fact evolved over the years from a relatively benign public security organization into a full-fledged political intelligence apparatus devoted to apprehending purveyors of “dangerous thought” throughout the empire. While historians often still depict the Gaimushō as an inhibitor of unilateral military expansionism during the first half of the twentieth century, the book's exposé on the activities and ideology of the consular police dramatically challenges this narrative. Revealing a far greater complexity of motivation behind the Japanese colonial mission, it illustrates how the imperial Japanese state viewed political security at home as inextricably connected to political security abroad from as early as 1919—nearly a decade before overt military aggression began—and approaches northeast Asia as a region of intricate and dynamic social, economic, and political forces.
Ivo Šlosarčík
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447318149
- eISBN:
- 9781447318156
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447318149.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
The chapter maps the impact of European integration on policy-making in the Czech Republic. In particular, it focuses on the institutional dimension of transformation of Czech policy-making which ...
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The chapter maps the impact of European integration on policy-making in the Czech Republic. In particular, it focuses on the institutional dimension of transformation of Czech policy-making which included power shift towards executive branch at the expense of Czech parliament as well as the struggle between the ministry of foreign affairs and the prime minister’s office for leadership in the Europeanised policy-making in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the chapter covers major events that influenced the Europeanization of Czech policy-making, such as the 1998-2002 accession talks, the Convention for Future of Europe in years 200-2002, Czech Presidency in 2009 or Eurozone crisis in years 2010-2012.Less
The chapter maps the impact of European integration on policy-making in the Czech Republic. In particular, it focuses on the institutional dimension of transformation of Czech policy-making which included power shift towards executive branch at the expense of Czech parliament as well as the struggle between the ministry of foreign affairs and the prime minister’s office for leadership in the Europeanised policy-making in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the chapter covers major events that influenced the Europeanization of Czech policy-making, such as the 1998-2002 accession talks, the Convention for Future of Europe in years 200-2002, Czech Presidency in 2009 or Eurozone crisis in years 2010-2012.
Tsuchida Akio
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804789660
- eISBN:
- 9780804793117
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804789660.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
China declared war on Japan only after Pearl Harbor, while Japan never followed suit. Tsuchido Akio demonstrates that contrary to generally held opinion, China did not decline to declare war on Japan ...
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China declared war on Japan only after Pearl Harbor, while Japan never followed suit. Tsuchido Akio demonstrates that contrary to generally held opinion, China did not decline to declare war on Japan after 1937 because it feared triggering the provisions of the USA’s neutrality laws. Domestic political factors were far more important. By discussing the debates about this contentious issue within Chinese politics, ‘Declaring War’ provides important insight into the making of Nationalist foreign policy, demonstrating that Chiang Kaishek regularly listened and accepted the advice of his foreign policy advisors and Chinese diplomats.Less
China declared war on Japan only after Pearl Harbor, while Japan never followed suit. Tsuchido Akio demonstrates that contrary to generally held opinion, China did not decline to declare war on Japan after 1937 because it feared triggering the provisions of the USA’s neutrality laws. Domestic political factors were far more important. By discussing the debates about this contentious issue within Chinese politics, ‘Declaring War’ provides important insight into the making of Nationalist foreign policy, demonstrating that Chiang Kaishek regularly listened and accepted the advice of his foreign policy advisors and Chinese diplomats.
Charles D. Freilich
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451041
- eISBN:
- 9780801465741
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451041.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Security Studies
This chapter describes the uniquely harsh and dangerous external environment that Israel faces, along with its implications for the country's national security choices. It begins with an overview of ...
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This chapter describes the uniquely harsh and dangerous external environment that Israel faces, along with its implications for the country's national security choices. It begins with an overview of Israel's national security environment and goes on to consider its proportional representation (PR) system. More specifically, it explores how the PR system causes chronic political instability and creates a need to govern through coalition governments, along with its consequences for the roles of the Knesset, cabinet, and subcabinet forums and for governability generally. Finally, it discusses the national security decision-making capabilities and the formal structure of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Defense, and the National Security Council. The chapter argues that these organs' national security decision-making capabilities are weak, especially when compared with the highly developed capabilities and stature of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and military intelligence services.Less
This chapter describes the uniquely harsh and dangerous external environment that Israel faces, along with its implications for the country's national security choices. It begins with an overview of Israel's national security environment and goes on to consider its proportional representation (PR) system. More specifically, it explores how the PR system causes chronic political instability and creates a need to govern through coalition governments, along with its consequences for the roles of the Knesset, cabinet, and subcabinet forums and for governability generally. Finally, it discusses the national security decision-making capabilities and the formal structure of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Defense, and the National Security Council. The chapter argues that these organs' national security decision-making capabilities are weak, especially when compared with the highly developed capabilities and stature of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and military intelligence services.
Erik Esselstrom
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832315
- eISBN:
- 9780824868932
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832315.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This concluding chapter summarizes several themes related to the notion of crossing the boundaries between Japan and its colonial empire, with particular emphasis on how the history of the Japanese ...
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This concluding chapter summarizes several themes related to the notion of crossing the boundaries between Japan and its colonial empire, with particular emphasis on how the history of the Japanese consular police in Northeast Asia makes it possible to begin transcending boundaries of both political geography and historical imagination. These themes are concerned with the friction between the Japanese Army and the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the consular police's often unilateral war of their own against Korean resistance fighters; the popular conception among historians that the Japanese empire in northeast Asia was divided into formal and informal spheres; the problem of agency; the excessive subjectivity granted to the nation-state; and limited attempts by scholars to cross the border between Japanese colonial history and the experience of other modern Western imperial powers. All of these themes are intertwined with the vexing nationalist dilemmas that complicate representations of East Asian history today.Less
This concluding chapter summarizes several themes related to the notion of crossing the boundaries between Japan and its colonial empire, with particular emphasis on how the history of the Japanese consular police in Northeast Asia makes it possible to begin transcending boundaries of both political geography and historical imagination. These themes are concerned with the friction between the Japanese Army and the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the consular police's often unilateral war of their own against Korean resistance fighters; the popular conception among historians that the Japanese empire in northeast Asia was divided into formal and informal spheres; the problem of agency; the excessive subjectivity granted to the nation-state; and limited attempts by scholars to cross the border between Japanese colonial history and the experience of other modern Western imperial powers. All of these themes are intertwined with the vexing nationalist dilemmas that complicate representations of East Asian history today.
