Charles Issawi
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195118131
- eISBN:
- 9780199854554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195118131.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
The book is concerned with the way how some of the major cultures of the world have perceived and interacted with each other in the course of the last 2,000 years. The author has been interested in ...
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The book is concerned with the way how some of the major cultures of the world have perceived and interacted with each other in the course of the last 2,000 years. The author has been interested in this subject for many years due to his family background (Westernized, Christian, Syrian, and multilingual), scholastic background (educated in foreign schools), and his service in the United Nations Secretariat in New York. The different chapters in the book reflect his thinking on the subject for the past fifteen to twenty years. This chapter further gives a short discussion on the ideas presented in each chapter of the book. The chapters looks at topics which range from a clash of cultures, the main language groups, views on foreign culture, the Ottoman Empire, Western Europe, world languages, and the West's perception of the Orient.Less
The book is concerned with the way how some of the major cultures of the world have perceived and interacted with each other in the course of the last 2,000 years. The author has been interested in this subject for many years due to his family background (Westernized, Christian, Syrian, and multilingual), scholastic background (educated in foreign schools), and his service in the United Nations Secretariat in New York. The different chapters in the book reflect his thinking on the subject for the past fifteen to twenty years. This chapter further gives a short discussion on the ideas presented in each chapter of the book. The chapters looks at topics which range from a clash of cultures, the main language groups, views on foreign culture, the Ottoman Empire, Western Europe, world languages, and the West's perception of the Orient.
Tsedal Neeley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691196121
- eISBN:
- 9781400888641
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691196121.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This chapter is about the linguistic-cultural expats. These refer to a third group of employees who worked at Rakuten's subsidiary offices in Asia, Europe, and South America. Like the Japanese ...
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This chapter is about the linguistic-cultural expats. These refer to a third group of employees who worked at Rakuten's subsidiary offices in Asia, Europe, and South America. Like the Japanese employees, after the Englishnization mandate they too were required to communicate in a lingua franca that was different from their native tongue. Like the American employees, they too had to adapt to the many workplace changes that made up the Rakuten organizational culture. Because this group worked in both a language and a culture that was not their own, the chapter refers to them as the linguistic-cultural expats or, alternatively, dual expats. Here, the process of living in and learning a foreign culture, although challenging for many individuals in the first two groups, emerged as freeing for the dual expat employees and allowed them entry to more adaptive attitudes and behaviors.Less
This chapter is about the linguistic-cultural expats. These refer to a third group of employees who worked at Rakuten's subsidiary offices in Asia, Europe, and South America. Like the Japanese employees, after the Englishnization mandate they too were required to communicate in a lingua franca that was different from their native tongue. Like the American employees, they too had to adapt to the many workplace changes that made up the Rakuten organizational culture. Because this group worked in both a language and a culture that was not their own, the chapter refers to them as the linguistic-cultural expats or, alternatively, dual expats. Here, the process of living in and learning a foreign culture, although challenging for many individuals in the first two groups, emerged as freeing for the dual expat employees and allowed them entry to more adaptive attitudes and behaviors.
Mark Meli
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099142
- eISBN:
- 9789882206632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099142.003.0014
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter focuses on two specific shows: Sekai wa ga kokoro no tabi/World Journey of My Heart and Sekai ururun taizaiki/Homestay in the World. This raises the issue of generic mutation within ...
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This chapter focuses on two specific shows: Sekai wa ga kokoro no tabi/World Journey of My Heart and Sekai ururun taizaiki/Homestay in the World. This raises the issue of generic mutation within televisual conventions: the persona fronting, the scripting and editing techniques, the inevitably collaborative status of the production, and the influence of advertising and revenue concerns. It is shown that the World Journey of My Heart is certainly of a higher educational quality than any of the travel shows that can presently be seen on Japanese TV. It also looks at other cultures through the lens of personal or cultural memory, or both, in an attempt to introduce foreign cultures through the manner in which they have influenced living people, either directly, that is through past personal journeys, or in any of a number of indirect ways. Homestay in the World, while very self-consciously focused upon the traveler featured each week, really functions quite independently of the actor, as the match between traveler and destination usually seems almost arbitrary, with the young talent usually having little to add to our understanding of the other.Less
This chapter focuses on two specific shows: Sekai wa ga kokoro no tabi/World Journey of My Heart and Sekai ururun taizaiki/Homestay in the World. This raises the issue of generic mutation within televisual conventions: the persona fronting, the scripting and editing techniques, the inevitably collaborative status of the production, and the influence of advertising and revenue concerns. It is shown that the World Journey of My Heart is certainly of a higher educational quality than any of the travel shows that can presently be seen on Japanese TV. It also looks at other cultures through the lens of personal or cultural memory, or both, in an attempt to introduce foreign cultures through the manner in which they have influenced living people, either directly, that is through past personal journeys, or in any of a number of indirect ways. Homestay in the World, while very self-consciously focused upon the traveler featured each week, really functions quite independently of the actor, as the match between traveler and destination usually seems almost arbitrary, with the young talent usually having little to add to our understanding of the other.
Scott Wilson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195388312
- eISBN:
- 9780199852536
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388312.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
The opening of China with foreign investment, trade, and culture in 1979 produced dismay among Chinese leaders and citizens. Many Chinese citizens and leaders expressed concern about a return to ...
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The opening of China with foreign investment, trade, and culture in 1979 produced dismay among Chinese leaders and citizens. Many Chinese citizens and leaders expressed concern about a return to foreign domination over China. The Chinese state opened the foreign trade, investment, and cultural flows in order to promote national advancement without sacrificing China’s economic and political sovereignty. As China moved from a period of economic closure in 1976 to the world’s largest recipient of foreign direct investment in 2003, the issue of how to manage the transplantation of foreign corporations and their business institutions became increasingly acute. This opening to foreign capital emphasized the impact of foreign investors on China’s domestic reforms, but such an understanding threatens to overshadow the role of domestic actors in the process. This book makes three principal contributions to the analysis of China and its political economy. In addition, it draws from two main types of sources: relevant laws and policies in China and data collected from interviews about foreign business operations, Chinese reactions to foreign businesses, and foreign and Chinese understandings of the process of transplanting institutions to China.Less
The opening of China with foreign investment, trade, and culture in 1979 produced dismay among Chinese leaders and citizens. Many Chinese citizens and leaders expressed concern about a return to foreign domination over China. The Chinese state opened the foreign trade, investment, and cultural flows in order to promote national advancement without sacrificing China’s economic and political sovereignty. As China moved from a period of economic closure in 1976 to the world’s largest recipient of foreign direct investment in 2003, the issue of how to manage the transplantation of foreign corporations and their business institutions became increasingly acute. This opening to foreign capital emphasized the impact of foreign investors on China’s domestic reforms, but such an understanding threatens to overshadow the role of domestic actors in the process. This book makes three principal contributions to the analysis of China and its political economy. In addition, it draws from two main types of sources: relevant laws and policies in China and data collected from interviews about foreign business operations, Chinese reactions to foreign businesses, and foreign and Chinese understandings of the process of transplanting institutions to China.
Charles Issawi
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195118131
- eISBN:
- 9780199854554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195118131.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
The chapter discusses how Ibn Khaldun, Arab historian and sociologist, looked at foreign culture. His profound historical and sociological observations were based on his reading of Arab-Muslim ...
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The chapter discusses how Ibn Khaldun, Arab historian and sociologist, looked at foreign culture. His profound historical and sociological observations were based on his reading of Arab-Muslim history. His earlier work, the Muqaddimah shows that he knew very little of the history of classical and pre-classical civilizations. However, relatively late in life, he came across an Arabic translation of Orosius, Historiarum Adversus Paganos, a 5th-century work which greatly enlarged his view of Roman and ancient history. His later work, the Kitab al-'Ibar, showed that he knew more. The striking differences and discrepancy between the two works are discussed at length and the chapter looks at the nature of his sources. His knowledge of the ancient world is contrasted with that of representative medieval West European and Byzantine historians.Less
The chapter discusses how Ibn Khaldun, Arab historian and sociologist, looked at foreign culture. His profound historical and sociological observations were based on his reading of Arab-Muslim history. His earlier work, the Muqaddimah shows that he knew very little of the history of classical and pre-classical civilizations. However, relatively late in life, he came across an Arabic translation of Orosius, Historiarum Adversus Paganos, a 5th-century work which greatly enlarged his view of Roman and ancient history. His later work, the Kitab al-'Ibar, showed that he knew more. The striking differences and discrepancy between the two works are discussed at length and the chapter looks at the nature of his sources. His knowledge of the ancient world is contrasted with that of representative medieval West European and Byzantine historians.
Keila Diehl
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520230439
- eISBN:
- 9780520936003
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520230439.003.0008
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter focuses on public music concerts in Dharamsala. It explains that by juxtaposing Hindi, English, Nepali and Tibetan songs, these concerts profoundly revealing cultural performances in ...
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This chapter focuses on public music concerts in Dharamsala. It explains that by juxtaposing Hindi, English, Nepali and Tibetan songs, these concerts profoundly revealing cultural performances in which many of the social dynamics and communitywide challenges raised throughout this book are enacted. It also discusses how rock concerts provided a level of comfort with cultural ambiguity and a passion for foreign cultures that is worrisome to some in the Tibetan refugee community.Less
This chapter focuses on public music concerts in Dharamsala. It explains that by juxtaposing Hindi, English, Nepali and Tibetan songs, these concerts profoundly revealing cultural performances in which many of the social dynamics and communitywide challenges raised throughout this book are enacted. It also discusses how rock concerts provided a level of comfort with cultural ambiguity and a passion for foreign cultures that is worrisome to some in the Tibetan refugee community.
Nitin Govil
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814785874
- eISBN:
- 9780814764732
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814785874.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter examines the rise of the multiplex theater in India over the past fifteen years and how it transformed the economies of scale in film production and distribution in the country. In ...
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This chapter examines the rise of the multiplex theater in India over the past fifteen years and how it transformed the economies of scale in film production and distribution in the country. In particular, it explores the cultural politics of the new Indian movie theater and its iconic display of modular forms of consumer mobility, along with the role of Hollywood in the emergence of multiplex as a manifestation of theatrical innovation in India. The chapter begins by providing a historical background on how America influenced India's exhibition infrastructure, paying special attention to Hollywood's establishment of Indian theater chains as a way to enhance the distribution of American cinema. It then places the Indian multiplex within a network of public amusements that produces forms of elite urban sociability and concludes with a discussion of the role played by Delhi's Chanakya movie hall in the city's foreign film culture and as a key exhibition site for Hollywood in India.Less
This chapter examines the rise of the multiplex theater in India over the past fifteen years and how it transformed the economies of scale in film production and distribution in the country. In particular, it explores the cultural politics of the new Indian movie theater and its iconic display of modular forms of consumer mobility, along with the role of Hollywood in the emergence of multiplex as a manifestation of theatrical innovation in India. The chapter begins by providing a historical background on how America influenced India's exhibition infrastructure, paying special attention to Hollywood's establishment of Indian theater chains as a way to enhance the distribution of American cinema. It then places the Indian multiplex within a network of public amusements that produces forms of elite urban sociability and concludes with a discussion of the role played by Delhi's Chanakya movie hall in the city's foreign film culture and as a key exhibition site for Hollywood in India.
Charles Issawi
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195118131
- eISBN:
- 9780199854554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195118131.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
The chapter discusses how Shelley, a marvelous lyric poet, writer of famous poems like “Prometheus” and “Ode to the West Wind” looked at foreign culture. He was also a knowledgeable scientist and an ...
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The chapter discusses how Shelley, a marvelous lyric poet, writer of famous poems like “Prometheus” and “Ode to the West Wind” looked at foreign culture. He was also a knowledgeable scientist and an accomplished linguist. He was passionately interested in politics, and he was a voracious and insatiable reader. Being very well read in philosophy, history, and politics, his interest in the Near East arose from his passionate Philhellenism. He became an ardent champion of Greek independence. His love and admiration for the ancient Greeks was one of his strongest passions and like many passionate Hellenists, he took a dim view of modern Greeks. He was an opponent of Ottoman rule but his interest extended beyond that and he made many acute observations on India, Persia, Egypt, Syria, Arabia, and proto-Zionism.Less
The chapter discusses how Shelley, a marvelous lyric poet, writer of famous poems like “Prometheus” and “Ode to the West Wind” looked at foreign culture. He was also a knowledgeable scientist and an accomplished linguist. He was passionately interested in politics, and he was a voracious and insatiable reader. Being very well read in philosophy, history, and politics, his interest in the Near East arose from his passionate Philhellenism. He became an ardent champion of Greek independence. His love and admiration for the ancient Greeks was one of his strongest passions and like many passionate Hellenists, he took a dim view of modern Greeks. He was an opponent of Ottoman rule but his interest extended beyond that and he made many acute observations on India, Persia, Egypt, Syria, Arabia, and proto-Zionism.
Wilburn Hansen
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832094
- eISBN:
- 9780824869304
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832094.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
This chapter locates Hirata Atsutane in the milieu of 1820s Edo Japan, assessing his stance and attitude toward three powerful “enemy” discourses. These discourses originate from within Japan, but ...
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This chapter locates Hirata Atsutane in the milieu of 1820s Edo Japan, assessing his stance and attitude toward three powerful “enemy” discourses. These discourses originate from within Japan, but each of them concerns what Atsutane conceived as a foreign culture and a threat to his own ideological end. This ideological end is shown to be the construction of a unique Japanese cultural identity, one that was clearly separate, independent, and superior to those offered by the three foreign cultures. Ultimately, Atsutane’s technique is recognized as being in defiance of the accepted practice of history in his day, and his methodological move beyond the history and philology of his time is characterized as a move toward anthropology and ethnography.Less
This chapter locates Hirata Atsutane in the milieu of 1820s Edo Japan, assessing his stance and attitude toward three powerful “enemy” discourses. These discourses originate from within Japan, but each of them concerns what Atsutane conceived as a foreign culture and a threat to his own ideological end. This ideological end is shown to be the construction of a unique Japanese cultural identity, one that was clearly separate, independent, and superior to those offered by the three foreign cultures. Ultimately, Atsutane’s technique is recognized as being in defiance of the accepted practice of history in his day, and his methodological move beyond the history and philology of his time is characterized as a move toward anthropology and ethnography.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846311093
- eISBN:
- 9781846313332
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781846311093.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter discusses the metaphor of ‘anthropological fraudulence’ stemming from a body of literature found in formerly colonized countries that bear the recent imprint, or scars, of Western ...
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This chapter discusses the metaphor of ‘anthropological fraudulence’ stemming from a body of literature found in formerly colonized countries that bear the recent imprint, or scars, of Western influence. To treat anthropology as a direct agent of the colonial system would be simplistic, to say the least; however, history has shown that the discipline has been indelibly marked by paternalism, putting its capacity for self-critique in question. Western anthropology or humanist anthropology, for example, disguises the authority possessed by Western institutions and institutionalized forms of knowledge, although very thinly. Postcolonial creative writers have capitalized on the contradictions of humanist anthropology and have posited a dual function: first, it permits a critique of the ethnocentric attitudes underlying Western studies of ‘foreign cultures’; and second, it provides a conceptual basis for a fictionalized ethnography of their own cultures.Less
This chapter discusses the metaphor of ‘anthropological fraudulence’ stemming from a body of literature found in formerly colonized countries that bear the recent imprint, or scars, of Western influence. To treat anthropology as a direct agent of the colonial system would be simplistic, to say the least; however, history has shown that the discipline has been indelibly marked by paternalism, putting its capacity for self-critique in question. Western anthropology or humanist anthropology, for example, disguises the authority possessed by Western institutions and institutionalized forms of knowledge, although very thinly. Postcolonial creative writers have capitalized on the contradictions of humanist anthropology and have posited a dual function: first, it permits a critique of the ethnocentric attitudes underlying Western studies of ‘foreign cultures’; and second, it provides a conceptual basis for a fictionalized ethnography of their own cultures.
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235835
- eISBN:
- 9781846312632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853235835.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book has explored the link between Johan Hjerpe and Enlightenment, in part because Enlightenment played a very prominent role in the social debate during the reign of Gustavus III as king of ...
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This book has explored the link between Johan Hjerpe and Enlightenment, in part because Enlightenment played a very prominent role in the social debate during the reign of Gustavus III as king of Sweden. Enlightenment gave rise to a number of spiritual processes that shaped the development of mentalities in Sweden and its environs. Enlightenment philosophers chose foreign cultures as their vantage points from which to reflect upon their own, allowing them to cultivate self-reflexive relativism from which some themes emerged more coherent than others: an extended consciousness of the value of foreign cultures, a secularised deism or atheism, and the idea that history never returns to its starting point. The book has also looked at the artisan uprising of April 1789 in Sweden, literacy in Europe, and acculturation. It furthermore shows the influence of Enlightenment on ordinary people by focusing on the writings of Johan Hjerpe and Jacques-Louis Ménétra.Less
This book has explored the link between Johan Hjerpe and Enlightenment, in part because Enlightenment played a very prominent role in the social debate during the reign of Gustavus III as king of Sweden. Enlightenment gave rise to a number of spiritual processes that shaped the development of mentalities in Sweden and its environs. Enlightenment philosophers chose foreign cultures as their vantage points from which to reflect upon their own, allowing them to cultivate self-reflexive relativism from which some themes emerged more coherent than others: an extended consciousness of the value of foreign cultures, a secularised deism or atheism, and the idea that history never returns to its starting point. The book has also looked at the artisan uprising of April 1789 in Sweden, literacy in Europe, and acculturation. It furthermore shows the influence of Enlightenment on ordinary people by focusing on the writings of Johan Hjerpe and Jacques-Louis Ménétra.
