Daniel C. O'Neill
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9789888455966
- eISBN:
- 9789888455461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888455966.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter analyses how China converts its financial power into influence abroad. It argues that the provision of aid, loans, and foreign direct investment is a key tool China uses to project its ...
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This chapter analyses how China converts its financial power into influence abroad. It argues that the provision of aid, loans, and foreign direct investment is a key tool China uses to project its power. It further asserts that China’s financial resources have a greater impact in less developed states, which by definition are lacking in capital, and in authoritarian regimes, due to the much smaller number of those whose support must be garnered in order to influence policies. It shows how Chinese finance secures influence over foreign state governments by enhancing the resources available for the foreign leader to disburse to the ruling coalition that keeps the leader in power. A stylized “aid game” illustrates the bargaining that occurs between state leaders over such capital imports. It further examines some of the accepted wisdom concerning Chinese “aid”, including the strings attached to what is often termed “no strings attached” aid, as well as whether China’s financial assistance is accurately termed “aid.” It also shows the myriad of channels through which capital inflows from China can be diverted from the projects they are funding in order to help the recipient state leader maintain power, thereby enhancing China’s influence over that leader.Less
This chapter analyses how China converts its financial power into influence abroad. It argues that the provision of aid, loans, and foreign direct investment is a key tool China uses to project its power. It further asserts that China’s financial resources have a greater impact in less developed states, which by definition are lacking in capital, and in authoritarian regimes, due to the much smaller number of those whose support must be garnered in order to influence policies. It shows how Chinese finance secures influence over foreign state governments by enhancing the resources available for the foreign leader to disburse to the ruling coalition that keeps the leader in power. A stylized “aid game” illustrates the bargaining that occurs between state leaders over such capital imports. It further examines some of the accepted wisdom concerning Chinese “aid”, including the strings attached to what is often termed “no strings attached” aid, as well as whether China’s financial assistance is accurately termed “aid.” It also shows the myriad of channels through which capital inflows from China can be diverted from the projects they are funding in order to help the recipient state leader maintain power, thereby enhancing China’s influence over that leader.
Matthew N. Green
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300181036
- eISBN:
- 9780300182262
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300181036.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter focuses on obstructing floor proceedings. It starts with three noteworthy instances in which delay was significant and obstruction was the minority party's clear intent, discussing why ...
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This chapter focuses on obstructing floor proceedings. It starts with three noteworthy instances in which delay was significant and obstruction was the minority party's clear intent, discussing why these happened and what benefits these yielded the minority, if any. The chapter also describes two particular floor procedures that were used clearly and constantly to delay the US House minority and whether they had any impact on political outcomes. It briefly addresses the politics of minority party obstruction in the House and the reasoning behind such as tactic. It presents a brief review of changes in House obstructive tactics and strategy since the mid-20th century. It reviews three noteworthy cases of procedural delay by the minority party since the late 1960s, namely the Election Debate Bill in October 1968, the Foreign Aid Bill in July 1997 and the Housing and Iraq Spending Bills in May 2008. The data and analysis presented in this chapter reveals that minority parties are eager to depend on their procedural toolbox to delay Congress.Less
This chapter focuses on obstructing floor proceedings. It starts with three noteworthy instances in which delay was significant and obstruction was the minority party's clear intent, discussing why these happened and what benefits these yielded the minority, if any. The chapter also describes two particular floor procedures that were used clearly and constantly to delay the US House minority and whether they had any impact on political outcomes. It briefly addresses the politics of minority party obstruction in the House and the reasoning behind such as tactic. It presents a brief review of changes in House obstructive tactics and strategy since the mid-20th century. It reviews three noteworthy cases of procedural delay by the minority party since the late 1960s, namely the Election Debate Bill in October 1968, the Foreign Aid Bill in July 1997 and the Housing and Iraq Spending Bills in May 2008. The data and analysis presented in this chapter reveals that minority parties are eager to depend on their procedural toolbox to delay Congress.
R.V. Vaidyanatha Ayyar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199463473
- eISBN:
- 9780199087129
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199463473.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
This book chronicles India’s quest for universal elementary education (UEE) with focus on the period after 1986, a period during which India made spectacular strides progressing from a country which ...
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This book chronicles India’s quest for universal elementary education (UEE) with focus on the period after 1986, a period during which India made spectacular strides progressing from a country which accounted for a third to one with a minuscule 0.3 per cent of the out-of-school children in the world. This was also the period in which following the Jomtien Conference on Education for All and the acute macroeconomic crisis of early 1990s India mobilized funding on an unprecedented scale from development agencies like the World Bank, European Community, DFID, and UNICEF. For the first time, this book comprehensively narrates against the backdrop of national and global ideational, economic, political, and educational developments the dynamics of the engagement with development agencies, and all developments, policies, and programmes which contributed to spectacular strides. The distinctiveness of the book lies in the fact that for the first time for a book on education, and unusual even for books on policy and development cooperation the book illuminates the inner workings of governments and development agencies, the political and administrative processes and policy conflicts that were crucial in conceptualizing and implementing the policies and programmes, the complex web of interactions between the central government, state governments, and development agencies, and the innovative manner in which external funds were mobilized with the Indian government exercising leadership in its relationship with agencies, and without compromising its right country to autonomously and self-reliantly plan and implement programmes. All in all, the book provides information and many insights few, even experts, possess, and should be of interest to not only to educationists, and educational administrators but also to scholars and practitioners of development cooperation and policymaking in general.Less
This book chronicles India’s quest for universal elementary education (UEE) with focus on the period after 1986, a period during which India made spectacular strides progressing from a country which accounted for a third to one with a minuscule 0.3 per cent of the out-of-school children in the world. This was also the period in which following the Jomtien Conference on Education for All and the acute macroeconomic crisis of early 1990s India mobilized funding on an unprecedented scale from development agencies like the World Bank, European Community, DFID, and UNICEF. For the first time, this book comprehensively narrates against the backdrop of national and global ideational, economic, political, and educational developments the dynamics of the engagement with development agencies, and all developments, policies, and programmes which contributed to spectacular strides. The distinctiveness of the book lies in the fact that for the first time for a book on education, and unusual even for books on policy and development cooperation the book illuminates the inner workings of governments and development agencies, the political and administrative processes and policy conflicts that were crucial in conceptualizing and implementing the policies and programmes, the complex web of interactions between the central government, state governments, and development agencies, and the innovative manner in which external funds were mobilized with the Indian government exercising leadership in its relationship with agencies, and without compromising its right country to autonomously and self-reliantly plan and implement programmes. All in all, the book provides information and many insights few, even experts, possess, and should be of interest to not only to educationists, and educational administrators but also to scholars and practitioners of development cooperation and policymaking in general.
R.V. Vaidyanatha Ayyar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199463473
- eISBN:
- 9780199087129
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199463473.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
This chapter describes the run-up to the World Conference on Education for All held at Jomtien (1990), the negotiation process and the outcomes of that Conference. It outlines the paradigmatic shifts ...
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This chapter describes the run-up to the World Conference on Education for All held at Jomtien (1990), the negotiation process and the outcomes of that Conference. It outlines the paradigmatic shifts in the economic thinking on primary education which resulted in primary education becoming ‘cool’ and the World Bank emerging as a champion of primary education. The chapter narrates how India with the World’s largest out-of-school children became a hot destination by agencies eager to fund basic education, and how the bright prospects of large scape external funding arose at the very time India was drifting to an acute macroeconomic crisis. It outlines the role external assistance had hitherto played in Indian economic development in general and to education in particular. It also outlines the parameters developed by the Union Department of education for availing external assistance, and scoffs at the radical criticism in India that the Jomtien Conference was neo-liberal conspiracy.Less
This chapter describes the run-up to the World Conference on Education for All held at Jomtien (1990), the negotiation process and the outcomes of that Conference. It outlines the paradigmatic shifts in the economic thinking on primary education which resulted in primary education becoming ‘cool’ and the World Bank emerging as a champion of primary education. The chapter narrates how India with the World’s largest out-of-school children became a hot destination by agencies eager to fund basic education, and how the bright prospects of large scape external funding arose at the very time India was drifting to an acute macroeconomic crisis. It outlines the role external assistance had hitherto played in Indian economic development in general and to education in particular. It also outlines the parameters developed by the Union Department of education for availing external assistance, and scoffs at the radical criticism in India that the Jomtien Conference was neo-liberal conspiracy.