Tim Lang and John Ingram
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265536
- eISBN:
- 9780191760327
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265536.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Tipping points and nudges are favoured metaphors of politicians seeking to make sense of complex topics. Food security is possibly the first major challenge for tipping points, combining the politics ...
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Tipping points and nudges are favoured metaphors of politicians seeking to make sense of complex topics. Food security is possibly the first major challenge for tipping points, combining the politics of population growth, diet, and the globalisation of food production and distribution with the limitations of soil, water, land use availability, and climate change. Food security begins with availability, access, and affordability, but quickly transforms into the economics and sociology of food production, transportation, consumption, and waste, along with diet and health. Ultimately food security is a microcosm of sustainable development, for it captures the paradox of surplus with the rigours of limits in a political and economic framework which cannot embrace either effectively, and which is leading to greater crises of food excess and famine in a world of growing inequality.Less
Tipping points and nudges are favoured metaphors of politicians seeking to make sense of complex topics. Food security is possibly the first major challenge for tipping points, combining the politics of population growth, diet, and the globalisation of food production and distribution with the limitations of soil, water, land use availability, and climate change. Food security begins with availability, access, and affordability, but quickly transforms into the economics and sociology of food production, transportation, consumption, and waste, along with diet and health. Ultimately food security is a microcosm of sustainable development, for it captures the paradox of surplus with the rigours of limits in a political and economic framework which cannot embrace either effectively, and which is leading to greater crises of food excess and famine in a world of growing inequality.
Opeoluwa Badaru
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199578986
- eISBN:
- 9780191595202
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199578986.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
This chapter examines the idea and emerging norm of food security in the context of Africa. It begins with an elaboration of the concept of food security. It evaluates the state of food insecurity in ...
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This chapter examines the idea and emerging norm of food security in the context of Africa. It begins with an elaboration of the concept of food security. It evaluates the state of food insecurity in Africa. It then analyses some of the legal, policy, and institutional frameworks addressing food insecurity in Africa.Less
This chapter examines the idea and emerging norm of food security in the context of Africa. It begins with an elaboration of the concept of food security. It evaluates the state of food insecurity in Africa. It then analyses some of the legal, policy, and institutional frameworks addressing food insecurity in Africa.
David Schlosberg
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199286294
- eISBN:
- 9780191713323
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286294.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter examines the use of the concept of environmental justice in various global movements, including the anti-globalization, food security, indigenous rights, and climate justice movements. ...
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This chapter examines the use of the concept of environmental justice in various global movements, including the anti-globalization, food security, indigenous rights, and climate justice movements. In each of these movements' use of the discourse of environmental justice, there are elements of equity and distribution, individual and cultural recognition, political participation, and individual and community functioning.Less
This chapter examines the use of the concept of environmental justice in various global movements, including the anti-globalization, food security, indigenous rights, and climate justice movements. In each of these movements' use of the discourse of environmental justice, there are elements of equity and distribution, individual and cultural recognition, political participation, and individual and community functioning.
Samuel K. Gayi
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199236558
- eISBN:
- 9780191717031
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199236558.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines the state of food security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), based on analysis of a selection of indicators of food security and nutritional well-being during the period 1990-2002 ...
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This chapter examines the state of food security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), based on analysis of a selection of indicators of food security and nutritional well-being during the period 1990-2002 within the context of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. It argues that it may be advisable for those SSA countries with both static and dynamic comparative advantage in agriculture to pursue policies towards ‘food self-sufficiency’ as a means to attain food security, considering their large rural farming population, at least until such time that international trade in agriculture is fully integrated into the WTO disciplines. This is particularly relevant in view of the fact that high agricultural protectionism in the north currently distorts price signals and thus the opportunity costs of allocating factors of production in these economies. The SSA countries that lack comparative advantage in agriculture may want to aim for a ‘food self-reliance’ strategy to attain food security.Less
This chapter examines the state of food security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), based on analysis of a selection of indicators of food security and nutritional well-being during the period 1990-2002 within the context of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. It argues that it may be advisable for those SSA countries with both static and dynamic comparative advantage in agriculture to pursue policies towards ‘food self-sufficiency’ as a means to attain food security, considering their large rural farming population, at least until such time that international trade in agriculture is fully integrated into the WTO disciplines. This is particularly relevant in view of the fact that high agricultural protectionism in the north currently distorts price signals and thus the opportunity costs of allocating factors of production in these economies. The SSA countries that lack comparative advantage in agriculture may want to aim for a ‘food self-reliance’ strategy to attain food security.
Christian Romer Løvendal and Marco Knowles
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199236558
- eISBN:
- 9780191717031
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199236558.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Whilst traditional food security analysis offers an ex post view on who the food insecure are and why they are so, looking at food insecurity from a vulnerability perspective provides a dynamic and ...
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Whilst traditional food security analysis offers an ex post view on who the food insecure are and why they are so, looking at food insecurity from a vulnerability perspective provides a dynamic and forward looking way of analysing causes, and more importantly options for reducing food insecurity. This can help improve policy responses to food insecurity. The chapter expands a standard food security analytical framework by including risks and the ability at different levels to manage these risks to reduce the probability of people being food insecure in the future. It looks at how different shocks can impact on availability, access and utilization and, using a twin-track approach, identify policy options for reducing vulnerability.Less
Whilst traditional food security analysis offers an ex post view on who the food insecure are and why they are so, looking at food insecurity from a vulnerability perspective provides a dynamic and forward looking way of analysing causes, and more importantly options for reducing food insecurity. This can help improve policy responses to food insecurity. The chapter expands a standard food security analytical framework by including risks and the ability at different levels to manage these risks to reduce the probability of people being food insecure in the future. It looks at how different shocks can impact on availability, access and utilization and, using a twin-track approach, identify policy options for reducing vulnerability.
Ademola Abass (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199578986
- eISBN:
- 9780191595202
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199578986.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
This book discusses some of the most potent threats to human security in Africa. It deals especially with those threats to the security of African people which are least understood or explored. In ...
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This book discusses some of the most potent threats to human security in Africa. It deals especially with those threats to the security of African people which are least understood or explored. In themes varying from corruption, the proliferation of small arms and light weapons, food security, the devastation of internal displacement in Africa, the link between natural resources and human security, to the problems of forced labour, threats to women's security, and environmental security, the book examines the legal and policy challenges of protecting human security in Africa. This book also analyses the role of NGOs and the civil society in advocating human security issues in Africa. It considers the role of regional human rights mechanisms and judicial bodies, such as the African Commission for Human Rights and the African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights, in seeking to guarantee human security in Africa. Finally, with particular reference to the Somalia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Darfur crises, the book studies the role of African regional organizations, especially the African Union, in protecting the human security of Africans.Less
This book discusses some of the most potent threats to human security in Africa. It deals especially with those threats to the security of African people which are least understood or explored. In themes varying from corruption, the proliferation of small arms and light weapons, food security, the devastation of internal displacement in Africa, the link between natural resources and human security, to the problems of forced labour, threats to women's security, and environmental security, the book examines the legal and policy challenges of protecting human security in Africa. This book also analyses the role of NGOs and the civil society in advocating human security issues in Africa. It considers the role of regional human rights mechanisms and judicial bodies, such as the African Commission for Human Rights and the African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights, in seeking to guarantee human security in Africa. Finally, with particular reference to the Somalia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Darfur crises, the book studies the role of African regional organizations, especially the African Union, in protecting the human security of Africans.
Clair Gammage
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781529201000
- eISBN:
- 9781529201048
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529201000.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
The 2030 Agenda, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), present a timely opportunity to revisit the debate on how agricultural trade governance should operate at the multilateral level. This ...
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The 2030 Agenda, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), present a timely opportunity to revisit the debate on how agricultural trade governance should operate at the multilateral level. This chapter explores the relationship between food security, the international legal rules governing agricultural markets, and sustainable development. With a focus on food security as atrade concern, this chapter will argue that the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has a fundamental role to play in (re)shaping sustainable agricultural governance for food security. Rules governing international agricultural trade will be interrogated using SDG 2 and the concept of sustainable development as a prism to highlight the ideational divide between food security and international trade rules on agriculture. This chapter proposes that these conflicting ideational systems can be reconciled, in part, through the implementation of SDG 17. To conclude, this chapter asserts that a level playing field in international trade must be created through the elimination of distorting trade measures in a manner that recognises the social, environmental and cultural dimensions of food security.Less
The 2030 Agenda, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), present a timely opportunity to revisit the debate on how agricultural trade governance should operate at the multilateral level. This chapter explores the relationship between food security, the international legal rules governing agricultural markets, and sustainable development. With a focus on food security as atrade concern, this chapter will argue that the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has a fundamental role to play in (re)shaping sustainable agricultural governance for food security. Rules governing international agricultural trade will be interrogated using SDG 2 and the concept of sustainable development as a prism to highlight the ideational divide between food security and international trade rules on agriculture. This chapter proposes that these conflicting ideational systems can be reconciled, in part, through the implementation of SDG 17. To conclude, this chapter asserts that a level playing field in international trade must be created through the elimination of distorting trade measures in a manner that recognises the social, environmental and cultural dimensions of food security.
Mehmet Arda
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199236558
- eISBN:
- 9780191717031
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199236558.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The importance of supermarkets in the world food economy has increased radically since the early 1990s. They are now major sellers and buyers of food items not only in developed but also in ...
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The importance of supermarkets in the world food economy has increased radically since the early 1990s. They are now major sellers and buyers of food items not only in developed but also in developing countries. Urbanization and the liberalization of the services sector have been important facilitators of this process. This chapter examines the emerging importance of supermarkets in Latin America, and their impact on both producers and consumers.Less
The importance of supermarkets in the world food economy has increased radically since the early 1990s. They are now major sellers and buyers of food items not only in developed but also in developing countries. Urbanization and the liberalization of the services sector have been important facilitators of this process. This chapter examines the emerging importance of supermarkets in Latin America, and their impact on both producers and consumers.
Ramesh Chand
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199236558
- eISBN:
- 9780191717031
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199236558.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Implementation of various provisions of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture causes serious concern with regard to the performance of the agriculture sector and food security, and South Asian countries ...
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Implementation of various provisions of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture causes serious concern with regard to the performance of the agriculture sector and food security, and South Asian countries have become quite sensitive to the consequences of future WTO agreements. The cautious approach towards the WTO is mainly caused by the increased dependence on food imports and deterioration in self-reliance in agriculture in the post-WTO period because of a much higher growth in food import as compared to exports. Decline in international prices and trade distortions are the underlying causes for an adverse impact on agriculture during the post-WTO period. South Asian countries should address these two issues in future negotiations.Less
Implementation of various provisions of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture causes serious concern with regard to the performance of the agriculture sector and food security, and South Asian countries have become quite sensitive to the consequences of future WTO agreements. The cautious approach towards the WTO is mainly caused by the increased dependence on food imports and deterioration in self-reliance in agriculture in the post-WTO period because of a much higher growth in food import as compared to exports. Decline in international prices and trade distortions are the underlying causes for an adverse impact on agriculture during the post-WTO period. South Asian countries should address these two issues in future negotiations.
R. Ford Denison
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691139500
- eISBN:
- 9781400842810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691139500.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter considers some of the challenges that agriculture is facing now or will face in the near future, including resource-use efficiency and food security. It begins with a discussion of the ...
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This chapter considers some of the challenges that agriculture is facing now or will face in the near future, including resource-use efficiency and food security. It begins with a discussion of the goals of agriculture, such as improving productivity (yield per acre, to use no more land than necessary), efficiency in the use of scarce resources (to use no more water than necessary, for example), stability over years (to prevent even occasional famines), and sustainability (to maintain all of these benefits over the long term). It then examines the effects of agriculture on everyone, not just farmers, as well as agriculture's underlying long-term problems such as those relating to food supply, food production, and transportation. It also looks at threats to sustainability, particularly those farming practices that lead to long-term decreases in crop yield. Finally, it offers suggestions for limiting the negative environmental impact of agriculture.Less
This chapter considers some of the challenges that agriculture is facing now or will face in the near future, including resource-use efficiency and food security. It begins with a discussion of the goals of agriculture, such as improving productivity (yield per acre, to use no more land than necessary), efficiency in the use of scarce resources (to use no more water than necessary, for example), stability over years (to prevent even occasional famines), and sustainability (to maintain all of these benefits over the long term). It then examines the effects of agriculture on everyone, not just farmers, as well as agriculture's underlying long-term problems such as those relating to food supply, food production, and transportation. It also looks at threats to sustainability, particularly those farming practices that lead to long-term decreases in crop yield. Finally, it offers suggestions for limiting the negative environmental impact of agriculture.
Elizabeth Stites
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520261853
- eISBN:
- 9780520948990
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520261853.003.0015
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Middle Eastern Cultural Anthropology
This chapter addresses Afghanistan's history of food security and how it changed after the fall of the Taliban in 2001. Food security is built on three main aspects—food availability, food access, ...
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This chapter addresses Afghanistan's history of food security and how it changed after the fall of the Taliban in 2001. Food security is built on three main aspects—food availability, food access, and food utilization. The rural economy and agrarian sector in Afghanistan are relatively resilient, even in the face of conflict and drought. However, this does not mean that all people have adequate food or can be classified as food-secure. Afghan households are spending high amounts on food. Although food prices dropped in 2009, allowing Afghan households to have an easier time putting food on their tables, food insecurity still affects many households. The chapter then considers the links between insecurity and access to food. Female-headed households are often the most food insecure, and one can posit that their access to markets or to credit is even more constrained in Taliban-held areas than in other parts of the country.Less
This chapter addresses Afghanistan's history of food security and how it changed after the fall of the Taliban in 2001. Food security is built on three main aspects—food availability, food access, and food utilization. The rural economy and agrarian sector in Afghanistan are relatively resilient, even in the face of conflict and drought. However, this does not mean that all people have adequate food or can be classified as food-secure. Afghan households are spending high amounts on food. Although food prices dropped in 2009, allowing Afghan households to have an easier time putting food on their tables, food insecurity still affects many households. The chapter then considers the links between insecurity and access to food. Female-headed households are often the most food insecure, and one can posit that their access to markets or to credit is even more constrained in Taliban-held areas than in other parts of the country.
Annalee Yassi, Tord Kjellström, Theo de Kok, and Tee L. Guidotti
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195135589
- eISBN:
- 9780199864102
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195135589.003.0007
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter focuses on food and agriculture. Topics discussed include health and nutrition, foodborne diseases and food poisoning, food quality criteria, food quality assurance, global food ...
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This chapter focuses on food and agriculture. Topics discussed include health and nutrition, foodborne diseases and food poisoning, food quality criteria, food quality assurance, global food production capacity and food security, and environmental and occupational health hazards in agriculture.Less
This chapter focuses on food and agriculture. Topics discussed include health and nutrition, foodborne diseases and food poisoning, food quality criteria, food quality assurance, global food production capacity and food security, and environmental and occupational health hazards in agriculture.
Amiya Kumar Bagchi and Anthony P. D’Costa
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198082286
- eISBN:
- 9780199082377
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198082286.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter analyzes the food grain supply chain in India and China. It starts by examining the changing contexts of food security in both countries, and the implications for domestic reforms of ...
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This chapter analyzes the food grain supply chain in India and China. It starts by examining the changing contexts of food security in both countries, and the implications for domestic reforms of agricultural institutions. It then reviews how these reforms have impacted the ability of these countries to provide food grain availability to poorer sections of the population. It introduces a supply chain methodology to map out how food grain procurement and distribution takes place within the agricultural institutional framework in India and China. The existing supply chains in the agricultural sector are subsequently reviewed to identify capacities and constraints in the supply chain. Finally, the chapter comments on the future implications of changes in the agricultural supply chain in both countries for food security and poverty reduction.Less
This chapter analyzes the food grain supply chain in India and China. It starts by examining the changing contexts of food security in both countries, and the implications for domestic reforms of agricultural institutions. It then reviews how these reforms have impacted the ability of these countries to provide food grain availability to poorer sections of the population. It introduces a supply chain methodology to map out how food grain procurement and distribution takes place within the agricultural institutional framework in India and China. The existing supply chains in the agricultural sector are subsequently reviewed to identify capacities and constraints in the supply chain. Finally, the chapter comments on the future implications of changes in the agricultural supply chain in both countries for food security and poverty reduction.
Emmy Simmons
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780813179001
- eISBN:
- 9780813179018
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813179001.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter presents a history of food crises to illustrate the need for greater food security, and it urges government leaders to learn from the past and take action when the next inevitable crisis ...
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This chapter presents a history of food crises to illustrate the need for greater food security, and it urges government leaders to learn from the past and take action when the next inevitable crisis arises. Six priorities for action are presented, recognizing the roles of violent conflict, water, weather patterns, inequality, women, and waste reduction. While considering these factors, organizations must partner to ensure that food systems are sustainable and productive, providing nutritious and safe food to populations around the globe. For this system to work, collaboration among all participants is crucial.Less
This chapter presents a history of food crises to illustrate the need for greater food security, and it urges government leaders to learn from the past and take action when the next inevitable crisis arises. Six priorities for action are presented, recognizing the roles of violent conflict, water, weather patterns, inequality, women, and waste reduction. While considering these factors, organizations must partner to ensure that food systems are sustainable and productive, providing nutritious and safe food to populations around the globe. For this system to work, collaboration among all participants is crucial.
Craig Hanson, Tim Searchinger, Richard Waite, Betsy Otto, Brian Lipinski, and Kelly Levin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447335702
- eISBN:
- 9781447335740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447335702.003.0016
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter considers the food security challenge to 2030 and its implications for the sustainable development agenda. It first outlines three proposed food security targets that integrate ...
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This chapter considers the food security challenge to 2030 and its implications for the sustainable development agenda. It first outlines three proposed food security targets that integrate sustainability and must be achieved by 2030: reduce the rate of food loss and waste by 50 per cent; reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from food production by 25 per cent; reduce the water-intensity of agricultural production by 30 per cent. It then discusses the grand challenge as well as opportunity at the nexus of food security, economic development and the environment and proceeds by introducing six core propositions aimed at meeting the food security challenge and how this challenge affects the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Finally, it explains how proposed food security targets would help feed the growing global population in a manner that results in poverty alleviation and economic development while reducing pressure on natural resources.Less
This chapter considers the food security challenge to 2030 and its implications for the sustainable development agenda. It first outlines three proposed food security targets that integrate sustainability and must be achieved by 2030: reduce the rate of food loss and waste by 50 per cent; reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from food production by 25 per cent; reduce the water-intensity of agricultural production by 30 per cent. It then discusses the grand challenge as well as opportunity at the nexus of food security, economic development and the environment and proceeds by introducing six core propositions aimed at meeting the food security challenge and how this challenge affects the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Finally, it explains how proposed food security targets would help feed the growing global population in a manner that results in poverty alleviation and economic development while reducing pressure on natural resources.
Christopher B. Barrett
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199679362
- eISBN:
- 9780191758430
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199679362.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The world faces a fundamental challenge in the coming decade. Growth in the demand for food appears likely to continue to outstrip agricultural productivity gains, generating rising real prices and ...
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The world faces a fundamental challenge in the coming decade. Growth in the demand for food appears likely to continue to outstrip agricultural productivity gains, generating rising real prices and occasional food price spikes. Without appropriate action, food insecurity may worsen and sociopolitical instability may rise. This chapter and the volume it introduces explore the complex interaction between food security and sociopolitical stability. The book emphasizes that private and government responses to the food price signals wrought by immutable demand-side pressures lie at the heart of the complex relationship between food security and sociopolitical instability. While some of those responses can inflame latent tensions, several coordinated policy mechanisms can help meet the looming food security challenge without inadvertently compromising sociopolitical stability.Less
The world faces a fundamental challenge in the coming decade. Growth in the demand for food appears likely to continue to outstrip agricultural productivity gains, generating rising real prices and occasional food price spikes. Without appropriate action, food insecurity may worsen and sociopolitical instability may rise. This chapter and the volume it introduces explore the complex interaction between food security and sociopolitical stability. The book emphasizes that private and government responses to the food price signals wrought by immutable demand-side pressures lie at the heart of the complex relationship between food security and sociopolitical instability. While some of those responses can inflame latent tensions, several coordinated policy mechanisms can help meet the looming food security challenge without inadvertently compromising sociopolitical stability.
R. Ian Perry, Rosemary E. Ommer, Edward H. Allison, Marie‐Caroline Badjeck, Manuel Barange, Lawrence Hamilton, Astrid Jarre, Renato A. Quiñones, and U. Rashid Sumaila
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199558025
- eISBN:
- 9780191721939
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558025.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology, Aquatic Biology
Humans are integral parts of marine social—ecological systems. Changes in marine ecosystems impact human communities, and changes in human communities impact marine ecosystems. The interactive nature ...
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Humans are integral parts of marine social—ecological systems. Changes in marine ecosystems impact human communities, and changes in human communities impact marine ecosystems. The interactive nature of these systems is the key to their understanding and governance. This chapter focuses on communities with small‐scale fisheries interacting with their local and regional marine ecosystems. It asks what contributes to high or low resilience to global changes, and considers the intensity of changes, the exposure of the human community, and the ability of the community to cope and adapt. Two additional themes run through the chapter: value, including both monetary and non‐monetary (e.g. cultural) values; and scale, in particular scale mismatches between non‐human marine ecosystems, fishing communities, and their governance systems. Understanding what makes marine social—ecological systems resilient or vulnerable in a world of increasing uncertainty requires the collaborative efforts of natural and social scientists, resource users and managers, and the larger resource community.Less
Humans are integral parts of marine social—ecological systems. Changes in marine ecosystems impact human communities, and changes in human communities impact marine ecosystems. The interactive nature of these systems is the key to their understanding and governance. This chapter focuses on communities with small‐scale fisheries interacting with their local and regional marine ecosystems. It asks what contributes to high or low resilience to global changes, and considers the intensity of changes, the exposure of the human community, and the ability of the community to cope and adapt. Two additional themes run through the chapter: value, including both monetary and non‐monetary (e.g. cultural) values; and scale, in particular scale mismatches between non‐human marine ecosystems, fishing communities, and their governance systems. Understanding what makes marine social—ecological systems resilient or vulnerable in a world of increasing uncertainty requires the collaborative efforts of natural and social scientists, resource users and managers, and the larger resource community.
Gordon Conway, Ousmane Badiane, and Katrin Glatzel
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501743887
- eISBN:
- 9781501744419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501743887.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter looks at the challenges presented by hunger and malnutrition. After all, despite significant advances, severe hunger and malnutrition are all too common. Hence, the chapter explains that ...
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This chapter looks at the challenges presented by hunger and malnutrition. After all, despite significant advances, severe hunger and malnutrition are all too common. Hence, the chapter explains that detailed nutrition and food security surveys can provide valuable information on how to reduce vulnerability and food insecurity. Undoubtedly the most shocking statistic of all is the incidence of child malnutrition, often referred to as “hidden hunger,” which measures the lack of essential micronutrients. This complex challenge involves distinct disciplines and agencies, but in recent years there have been successes by experts in health, nutrition, and agriculture working together over the life of the child to intervene in various ways and at different stages in the child's life. At the same time, Africa is urbanizing rapidly. A steep surge in the growth of the African middle class has taken place, especially in the 2000s. The effect of such an increase is rising urban demand for more and better food, which provides opportunities to increase and diversify food production in rural areas, resulting in greater value capture and rising incomes for smallholder farmers.Less
This chapter looks at the challenges presented by hunger and malnutrition. After all, despite significant advances, severe hunger and malnutrition are all too common. Hence, the chapter explains that detailed nutrition and food security surveys can provide valuable information on how to reduce vulnerability and food insecurity. Undoubtedly the most shocking statistic of all is the incidence of child malnutrition, often referred to as “hidden hunger,” which measures the lack of essential micronutrients. This complex challenge involves distinct disciplines and agencies, but in recent years there have been successes by experts in health, nutrition, and agriculture working together over the life of the child to intervene in various ways and at different stages in the child's life. At the same time, Africa is urbanizing rapidly. A steep surge in the growth of the African middle class has taken place, especially in the 2000s. The effect of such an increase is rising urban demand for more and better food, which provides opportunities to increase and diversify food production in rural areas, resulting in greater value capture and rising incomes for smallholder farmers.
Christine Breining-Kaufmann
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199285822
- eISBN:
- 9780191700378
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199285822.003.0020
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter examines possible options to reconcile the goals of human rights instruments providing a right to food, and in particular food security, with WTO agreements, in particular the AoA. It ...
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This chapter examines possible options to reconcile the goals of human rights instruments providing a right to food, and in particular food security, with WTO agreements, in particular the AoA. It starts with a brief account of the legal framework for trade in agriculture followed by a look at current agricultural trade policies and the instruments applied. It then analyses their impact on human rights, in particular the right to food. Finally, recommendations for shaping agricultural trade policies to enhance the right to food are presented.Less
This chapter examines possible options to reconcile the goals of human rights instruments providing a right to food, and in particular food security, with WTO agreements, in particular the AoA. It starts with a brief account of the legal framework for trade in agriculture followed by a look at current agricultural trade policies and the instruments applied. It then analyses their impact on human rights, in particular the right to food. Finally, recommendations for shaping agricultural trade policies to enhance the right to food are presented.
Rosamond L. Naylor (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199354054
- eISBN:
- 9780199398959
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199354054.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
The challenges countries confront in achieving and maintaining food security evolve
during the course of economic development, but rarely do they disappear. Food insecure
populations exist in all ...
More
The challenges countries confront in achieving and maintaining food security evolve
during the course of economic development, but rarely do they disappear. Food insecure
populations exist in all countries, rich and poor alike. This introductory chapter
highlights the human elements of hunger and malnutrition, resource use in agriculture,
and food politics. It begins by defining key aspects of global food insecurity, and
then provides a road map for the rest of the volume, illustrating how food security in
all parts of the world is linked to energy, water, health, environment, and
national security. The chapter establishes the connection between four major areas of
study within the food security field: the political economy of food and agriculture;
feeding the poorest billion; agriculture’s dependence on resources and the
environment; and the national and international security consequences of malnutrition.
The integration of these sub-sets of the food security field is what makes this volume
unique and important. Telling the story from personal experiences in countries around
the world is what makes the volume interesting.Less
The challenges countries confront in achieving and maintaining food security evolve
during the course of economic development, but rarely do they disappear. Food insecure
populations exist in all countries, rich and poor alike. This introductory chapter
highlights the human elements of hunger and malnutrition, resource use in agriculture,
and food politics. It begins by defining key aspects of global food insecurity, and
then provides a road map for the rest of the volume, illustrating how food security in
all parts of the world is linked to energy, water, health, environment, and
national security. The chapter establishes the connection between four major areas of
study within the food security field: the political economy of food and agriculture;
feeding the poorest billion; agriculture’s dependence on resources and the
environment; and the national and international security consequences of malnutrition.
The integration of these sub-sets of the food security field is what makes this volume
unique and important. Telling the story from personal experiences in countries around
the world is what makes the volume interesting.
