Adiel Schremer
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195383775
- eISBN:
- 9780199777280
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195383775.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion in the Ancient World
This chapter is devoted to a close reading of the single Tannaitic text (Tosefta, tractate Hullin, 2:22-24), in which followers of Jesus are designated as minim. It is argued that the two stories in ...
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This chapter is devoted to a close reading of the single Tannaitic text (Tosefta, tractate Hullin, 2:22-24), in which followers of Jesus are designated as minim. It is argued that the two stories in that text construct the followers of Jesus as minim. In a literary fashion the stories maintain that one must be careful to distance oneself from Christians, precisely because the difference between them and otherwise “kosher” Jews is difficult to ascertain. The date of the text is discussed, and its meaning as a historical evidence for the process of the parting of the ways between rabbinic Judaism and early Christianity is discussed. From the perspective of classical rabbinic literature, it is argued, the early Christians were excluded from the community by means of their labeling as minim and constructing them as outsiders.Less
This chapter is devoted to a close reading of the single Tannaitic text (Tosefta, tractate Hullin, 2:22-24), in which followers of Jesus are designated as minim. It is argued that the two stories in that text construct the followers of Jesus as minim. In a literary fashion the stories maintain that one must be careful to distance oneself from Christians, precisely because the difference between them and otherwise “kosher” Jews is difficult to ascertain. The date of the text is discussed, and its meaning as a historical evidence for the process of the parting of the ways between rabbinic Judaism and early Christianity is discussed. From the perspective of classical rabbinic literature, it is argued, the early Christians were excluded from the community by means of their labeling as minim and constructing them as outsiders.
David O. Clayden
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198565932
- eISBN:
- 9780191714016
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565932.003.0020
- Subject:
- Mathematics, History of Mathematics
This chapter describes circuit design of the Pilot ACE and Big ACE. Topics covered include the advantages of the long tailed pair in digital circuits, the half-adder and adder circuits, signal ...
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This chapter describes circuit design of the Pilot ACE and Big ACE. Topics covered include the advantages of the long tailed pair in digital circuits, the half-adder and adder circuits, signal coupling, the circulation unit, wide band DC coupling, data distribution and control, the assisted cathode follower, and the magnetic drum store of the ACE Pilot Model and Big Ace.Less
This chapter describes circuit design of the Pilot ACE and Big ACE. Topics covered include the advantages of the long tailed pair in digital circuits, the half-adder and adder circuits, signal coupling, the circulation unit, wide band DC coupling, data distribution and control, the assisted cathode follower, and the magnetic drum store of the ACE Pilot Model and Big Ace.
Leonid Zhmud
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199289318
- eISBN:
- 9780191741371
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289318.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
In ancient tradition, Pythagoras (c.570–c.495 bc) emerges as a wise teacher, an outstanding mathematician, an influential politician, and as a religious and ethical reformer. Arguably the most ...
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In ancient tradition, Pythagoras (c.570–c.495 bc) emerges as a wise teacher, an outstanding mathematician, an influential politician, and as a religious and ethical reformer. Arguably the most influential thinker among the Presocratics, he was thought to have possessed supernatural qualities. This combination of characteristics has led to his portrayal as a controversial and elusive figure. In contrast, his early Pythagorean followers, such as the doctors Democedes and Alcmaeon, the Olympic victors Milon and Iccus, the botanist Menestor, the natural philosopher Hippon, and the mathematicians Hippasus and Theodorus, all appear in our sources as ‘rational’ as they can possibly be. This volume studies Pythagoras, Pythagoreanism, and the early Pythagoreans through an analysis of the many representations of the individual and his followers, allowing the representations to complement and critique each other. Using sources dating back to before 300 bc, the book portrays a more historical picture of Pythagoras and of the political society founded by him in Croton. With chapters devoted to the sciences, philosophy, and religion cultivated by Pythagoreans, a critical distinction is made between the theories of individual Pythagoreans. They were as ‘normal’ as any other Presocratic, a ‘normality’ that ensured the continued existence of Pythagoreanism as a philosophical and scientific school.Less
In ancient tradition, Pythagoras (c.570–c.495 bc) emerges as a wise teacher, an outstanding mathematician, an influential politician, and as a religious and ethical reformer. Arguably the most influential thinker among the Presocratics, he was thought to have possessed supernatural qualities. This combination of characteristics has led to his portrayal as a controversial and elusive figure. In contrast, his early Pythagorean followers, such as the doctors Democedes and Alcmaeon, the Olympic victors Milon and Iccus, the botanist Menestor, the natural philosopher Hippon, and the mathematicians Hippasus and Theodorus, all appear in our sources as ‘rational’ as they can possibly be. This volume studies Pythagoras, Pythagoreanism, and the early Pythagoreans through an analysis of the many representations of the individual and his followers, allowing the representations to complement and critique each other. Using sources dating back to before 300 bc, the book portrays a more historical picture of Pythagoras and of the political society founded by him in Croton. With chapters devoted to the sciences, philosophy, and religion cultivated by Pythagoreans, a critical distinction is made between the theories of individual Pythagoreans. They were as ‘normal’ as any other Presocratic, a ‘normality’ that ensured the continued existence of Pythagoreanism as a philosophical and scientific school.
Vivienne J. Gray
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199563814
- eISBN:
- 9780191724954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563814.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Chapter 6 investigates Xenophon's views on friendship, particularly his equation of friendship between rulers and followers with those of more apparently equal status, and the methods used to ...
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Chapter 6 investigates Xenophon's views on friendship, particularly his equation of friendship between rulers and followers with those of more apparently equal status, and the methods used to question this equation.Less
Chapter 6 investigates Xenophon's views on friendship, particularly his equation of friendship between rulers and followers with those of more apparently equal status, and the methods used to question this equation.
Nils Brunsson and Bengt Jocobsson
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199256952
- eISBN:
- 9780191716508
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199256952.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
This chapter discusses what it means to follow a standard and why individual actors do so. A typical standard consists of a statement about the generally desired qualities of product, an activity, or ...
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This chapter discusses what it means to follow a standard and why individual actors do so. A typical standard consists of a statement about the generally desired qualities of product, an activity, or a document, for example. The standardizer seeks to regulate the design of these objects or processes. Following a standard means establishing some degree of consistency between the standard and what one does. Such a consistency can be achieved in two ways: either by changing practice to fit the standard, or by changing the presentation of practice in accordance with the standard. When practice is changed, the standard is said to be implemented or practised, while the follower performs a translation.Less
This chapter discusses what it means to follow a standard and why individual actors do so. A typical standard consists of a statement about the generally desired qualities of product, an activity, or a document, for example. The standardizer seeks to regulate the design of these objects or processes. Following a standard means establishing some degree of consistency between the standard and what one does. Such a consistency can be achieved in two ways: either by changing practice to fit the standard, or by changing the presentation of practice in accordance with the standard. When practice is changed, the standard is said to be implemented or practised, while the follower performs a translation.
KEITH KEITH
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199244898
- eISBN:
- 9780191697401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199244898.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, HRM / IR
Using the four main arts of leadership, this chapter summarizes the issues and forms a conclusion from across all the topics previously discussed. It argues that it may well be a requirement of all ...
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Using the four main arts of leadership, this chapter summarizes the issues and forms a conclusion from across all the topics previously discussed. It argues that it may well be a requirement of all human organizations that some individual or group takes responsibility for ensuring its direction and secures the interests of the members. It also argues that it may be the case that many of the society's problems stem not from what the leaders do but from what the followers let them get away with. It notes that the power of leaders rests not in themselves, as a possession, but in their followers, as a network of relationships. It also argues that the trick of leadership is to develop followers who privately resolve the problems leaders have caused or cannot resolve, but publicly deny their intervention. It then provides a comparison of the different images of leadership.Less
Using the four main arts of leadership, this chapter summarizes the issues and forms a conclusion from across all the topics previously discussed. It argues that it may well be a requirement of all human organizations that some individual or group takes responsibility for ensuring its direction and secures the interests of the members. It also argues that it may be the case that many of the society's problems stem not from what the leaders do but from what the followers let them get away with. It notes that the power of leaders rests not in themselves, as a possession, but in their followers, as a network of relationships. It also argues that the trick of leadership is to develop followers who privately resolve the problems leaders have caused or cannot resolve, but publicly deny their intervention. It then provides a comparison of the different images of leadership.
Michael R. Watts
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198229681
- eISBN:
- 9780191678905
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198229681.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The expansion of Evangelical Nonconformity was one of the most important developments in English and Welsh history in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In eighty years the number of ...
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The expansion of Evangelical Nonconformity was one of the most important developments in English and Welsh history in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In eighty years the number of Nonconformist chapels increased ten-fold, and by 1851, nearly one person in five worshipped in such chapels. For millions of people the gospel preached and the religion practised in these chapels determined their choice of marriage partners, conditioned the upbringing of their children, and moulded their family life. Religion pervaded education, shaped morals, controlled leisure, provided music and literature, motivated philanthropy and decided political loyalties. This book argues that while the Quakers constituted an increasingly wealthy but numerically declining community of businessmen, farmers, and retailers, and that in many towns the Unitarians formed a vibrant, progressive, intellectual élite, the appeal of Nonconformity was primarily to the poor, the ill-educated, and the unsophisticated. The working-class adherents of Evangelical Nonconformity vastly outnumbered those of political radicalism, trade unionism, or Chartism, and Dissent was a major factor in making a section of the working class respectable, thus contributing to the social harmony of the 1850s and 1860s. The book argues that the history of late Georgian and Victorian England and Wales cannot be understood without a knowledge of Nonconformity.Less
The expansion of Evangelical Nonconformity was one of the most important developments in English and Welsh history in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In eighty years the number of Nonconformist chapels increased ten-fold, and by 1851, nearly one person in five worshipped in such chapels. For millions of people the gospel preached and the religion practised in these chapels determined their choice of marriage partners, conditioned the upbringing of their children, and moulded their family life. Religion pervaded education, shaped morals, controlled leisure, provided music and literature, motivated philanthropy and decided political loyalties. This book argues that while the Quakers constituted an increasingly wealthy but numerically declining community of businessmen, farmers, and retailers, and that in many towns the Unitarians formed a vibrant, progressive, intellectual élite, the appeal of Nonconformity was primarily to the poor, the ill-educated, and the unsophisticated. The working-class adherents of Evangelical Nonconformity vastly outnumbered those of political radicalism, trade unionism, or Chartism, and Dissent was a major factor in making a section of the working class respectable, thus contributing to the social harmony of the 1850s and 1860s. The book argues that the history of late Georgian and Victorian England and Wales cannot be understood without a knowledge of Nonconformity.
Jonathan A. Silk
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195326840
- eISBN:
- 9780199852079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326840.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
When studying Buddhism, one has to account for all its aspects. This, however, presents a very difficult task as this has been put into practice for a very long period of time and across several ...
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When studying Buddhism, one has to account for all its aspects. This, however, presents a very difficult task as this has been put into practice for a very long period of time and across several different cultures. Buddhism does not possess an exact definition, and rarely does the question arise about what it means to be a Buddhist. There are some places wherein Buddhism was only recently introduced, but it prevails as the dominant religion for the area. In the case of India, where Buddhism originated, there are other religions in which it has to be distinguished from. Because Buddhism is not monolithic, A Buddhist can be identified as either a lay follower through some degree of formal commitment, or as a nun or a monk. It is therefore important to note that for this distinction to be possible, Buddhism can either be an implicit belonging, or a vocation within the monastic profession.Less
When studying Buddhism, one has to account for all its aspects. This, however, presents a very difficult task as this has been put into practice for a very long period of time and across several different cultures. Buddhism does not possess an exact definition, and rarely does the question arise about what it means to be a Buddhist. There are some places wherein Buddhism was only recently introduced, but it prevails as the dominant religion for the area. In the case of India, where Buddhism originated, there are other religions in which it has to be distinguished from. Because Buddhism is not monolithic, A Buddhist can be identified as either a lay follower through some degree of formal commitment, or as a nun or a monk. It is therefore important to note that for this distinction to be possible, Buddhism can either be an implicit belonging, or a vocation within the monastic profession.
Ronald L. Grimes
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195301441
- eISBN:
- 9780199850952
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301441.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The chapter reflects on ritual as a mediating process by examining ceremonial screens, barriers that create spatial hierarchies, thus distinguishing ritual leaders from ritual followers. The plenary ...
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The chapter reflects on ritual as a mediating process by examining ceremonial screens, barriers that create spatial hierarchies, thus distinguishing ritual leaders from ritual followers. The plenary address that eventuated in this chapter was a response to an invitation extended by the steering committee of the Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Symposium, Sacred Screens: The Origins, Development, and Diffusion of the Byzantine Sanctuary Barrier.Less
The chapter reflects on ritual as a mediating process by examining ceremonial screens, barriers that create spatial hierarchies, thus distinguishing ritual leaders from ritual followers. The plenary address that eventuated in this chapter was a response to an invitation extended by the steering committee of the Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Symposium, Sacred Screens: The Origins, Development, and Diffusion of the Byzantine Sanctuary Barrier.
Aakash Singh Rathore and Ajay Verma
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198068679
- eISBN:
- 9780199081233
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198068679.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter discusses the followers of Buddha who are generally divided into two classes: the Bhikkhus and the Upasakas or lay followers. The Bhikkhus are organized into Sangh while the Upasakas are ...
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This chapter discusses the followers of Buddha who are generally divided into two classes: the Bhikkhus and the Upasakas or lay followers. The Bhikkhus are organized into Sangh while the Upasakas are not. Bhikkhus are primarily Parivrajakas or wanderers who abandoned their family to ascertain the truth but were later on organized into Sangh and were given rules of discipline. Sangh is open to all and not constrained by caste, status or gender. Members of the Sangh are required to take the vow of poverty wherein they live on alms. Although Buddhism does not enforce the vow of obedience, it is expected that Bhikkhus strictly observe rules of conduct where departure from these rule means punishment or banishment. The chapter also discusses the Buddha's conception of the Bhikkhus, the duties of the Bhikkhus, the relationship of the Bhikkhus to the laity, and the Vinaya.Less
This chapter discusses the followers of Buddha who are generally divided into two classes: the Bhikkhus and the Upasakas or lay followers. The Bhikkhus are organized into Sangh while the Upasakas are not. Bhikkhus are primarily Parivrajakas or wanderers who abandoned their family to ascertain the truth but were later on organized into Sangh and were given rules of discipline. Sangh is open to all and not constrained by caste, status or gender. Members of the Sangh are required to take the vow of poverty wherein they live on alms. Although Buddhism does not enforce the vow of obedience, it is expected that Bhikkhus strictly observe rules of conduct where departure from these rule means punishment or banishment. The chapter also discusses the Buddha's conception of the Bhikkhus, the duties of the Bhikkhus, the relationship of the Bhikkhus to the laity, and the Vinaya.
Helen Jacobsen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199693757
- eISBN:
- 9780191731976
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693757.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Cultural History
By contrast with the other four men in these case studies, the earl of Strafford was never an arbiter of taste and was concerned only with following the latest fashions. Yet paradoxically it was by ...
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By contrast with the other four men in these case studies, the earl of Strafford was never an arbiter of taste and was concerned only with following the latest fashions. Yet paradoxically it was by emulating prevailing styles in personal and material display rather than by creating them that he looked to manage his identity as a successful diplomat, and his career demonstrates the increasing importance of the material world in diplomatic life. By 1700 a diplomat’s overseas residence had become an important locus of display, and not just his carriages, plate, and dress but also his furniture, pictures, and furnishings fulfilled a significant role in ambassadorial etiquette. Strafford patronized architects, cabinet-makers, silversmiths, artists, upholsterers, and decorative painters to ensure that his position as a senior minister was clearly evidenced by his material world – to both the English social elite and to his foreign diplomatic colleagues.Less
By contrast with the other four men in these case studies, the earl of Strafford was never an arbiter of taste and was concerned only with following the latest fashions. Yet paradoxically it was by emulating prevailing styles in personal and material display rather than by creating them that he looked to manage his identity as a successful diplomat, and his career demonstrates the increasing importance of the material world in diplomatic life. By 1700 a diplomat’s overseas residence had become an important locus of display, and not just his carriages, plate, and dress but also his furniture, pictures, and furnishings fulfilled a significant role in ambassadorial etiquette. Strafford patronized architects, cabinet-makers, silversmiths, artists, upholsterers, and decorative painters to ensure that his position as a senior minister was clearly evidenced by his material world – to both the English social elite and to his foreign diplomatic colleagues.
Justin Yifu Lin and Célestin Monga
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691192338
- eISBN:
- 9781400884681
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691192338.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter provides a methodological approach that draws lessons and insights from economic history and theory and uses empirics from economic analysis and policy practice. It starts with an ...
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This chapter provides a methodological approach that draws lessons and insights from economic history and theory and uses empirics from economic analysis and policy practice. It starts with an observation of the increasingly globalized world economy in which technological development allows the use of factors of production in locations that maximize returns and utility, and countries gain mutually by trading with each other if their strategies focus on revealed and latent comparative advantage. By following carefully selected lead countries, latecomers can emulate the leader–follower, flying-geese pattern that has well served economies since the eighteenth century. The prospects for sustained and inclusive growth are even greater for low-income economies that enjoy the benefits of backwardness. The chapter advocates implementing viable strategies to capture new opportunities for industrialization, which can enable low-income economies to set forth on a dynamic path of structural change and lead to poverty reduction and prosperity.Less
This chapter provides a methodological approach that draws lessons and insights from economic history and theory and uses empirics from economic analysis and policy practice. It starts with an observation of the increasingly globalized world economy in which technological development allows the use of factors of production in locations that maximize returns and utility, and countries gain mutually by trading with each other if their strategies focus on revealed and latent comparative advantage. By following carefully selected lead countries, latecomers can emulate the leader–follower, flying-geese pattern that has well served economies since the eighteenth century. The prospects for sustained and inclusive growth are even greater for low-income economies that enjoy the benefits of backwardness. The chapter advocates implementing viable strategies to capture new opportunities for industrialization, which can enable low-income economies to set forth on a dynamic path of structural change and lead to poverty reduction and prosperity.
Asanga Tilakaratne
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824835965
- eISBN:
- 9780824871598
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824835965.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This chapter examines what it means to be a follower of the Buddha. To be a Theravada Buddhist is to take refuge in the Triple Gem of the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha— the teacher, his ...
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This chapter examines what it means to be a follower of the Buddha. To be a Theravada Buddhist is to take refuge in the Triple Gem of the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha— the teacher, his teaching, and the community of followers who had achieved the final goal or were on the path toward it. Accepting that the Buddha was “awakened” was tantamount to accepting the validity of the method adopted by the Buddha in order to achieve awakening. This meant accepting the Dhamma, and thus becoming a representative of the Sangha. This marks the beginning of one's life as a “Buddhist,” as either a monastic or a household follower.Less
This chapter examines what it means to be a follower of the Buddha. To be a Theravada Buddhist is to take refuge in the Triple Gem of the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha— the teacher, his teaching, and the community of followers who had achieved the final goal or were on the path toward it. Accepting that the Buddha was “awakened” was tantamount to accepting the validity of the method adopted by the Buddha in order to achieve awakening. This meant accepting the Dhamma, and thus becoming a representative of the Sangha. This marks the beginning of one's life as a “Buddhist,” as either a monastic or a household follower.
Radhika Singha
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197525586
- eISBN:
- 9780197554562
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197525586.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
Though largely invisible in histories of World War one, over 550,000 men in the ranks of the Indian Army were followers or non-combatants. From porters and construction workers in the ‘Coolie Corps’, ...
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Though largely invisible in histories of World War one, over 550,000 men in the ranks of the Indian Army were followers or non-combatants. From porters and construction workers in the ‘Coolie Corps’, to ‘menial’ servants and those who maintained supply lines and removed the wounded from the battlefield, Radhika Singha draws upon their story to give the sub-continent an integral rather than ‘external’ place in this world –wide conflict. The labor regimes built on the backs of these 'coolies' had long sustained imperial militarism. This was particularly visible in the border infrastructures put in place by combinations of waged work, corvee, and, tributary labor.These work regimes, and the political arrangements which sustained them, would be bent to the demands of global war. This amplified trans-border ambitions and anxieties and pulled war zones closer home. Manpower hunger unsettled the institutional divide between Indian combatants and non-combatants. The ‘higher’ followers benefitted, less so the ‘menial’ followers, whose position recalled the dependency of domestic service and who included in their ranks the ‘untouchables’ consigned to stigmatised work. The book explores the experiences of the Indian Labor Corps in Mesopotamia and France and concludes with an exploration of the prolonged, complicated nature of the ‘end of the war’ for the sub-continent. The Coolie's Great War views the conflict unfolding over the world through the lens of Indian labor, bringing new social, spatial, temporal and sensory dimensions to the narrative.Less
Though largely invisible in histories of World War one, over 550,000 men in the ranks of the Indian Army were followers or non-combatants. From porters and construction workers in the ‘Coolie Corps’, to ‘menial’ servants and those who maintained supply lines and removed the wounded from the battlefield, Radhika Singha draws upon their story to give the sub-continent an integral rather than ‘external’ place in this world –wide conflict. The labor regimes built on the backs of these 'coolies' had long sustained imperial militarism. This was particularly visible in the border infrastructures put in place by combinations of waged work, corvee, and, tributary labor.These work regimes, and the political arrangements which sustained them, would be bent to the demands of global war. This amplified trans-border ambitions and anxieties and pulled war zones closer home. Manpower hunger unsettled the institutional divide between Indian combatants and non-combatants. The ‘higher’ followers benefitted, less so the ‘menial’ followers, whose position recalled the dependency of domestic service and who included in their ranks the ‘untouchables’ consigned to stigmatised work. The book explores the experiences of the Indian Labor Corps in Mesopotamia and France and concludes with an exploration of the prolonged, complicated nature of the ‘end of the war’ for the sub-continent. The Coolie's Great War views the conflict unfolding over the world through the lens of Indian labor, bringing new social, spatial, temporal and sensory dimensions to the narrative.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226005416
- eISBN:
- 9780226005423
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226005423.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter traces how in the 1830s, the metaphor of Salem witchcraft moved out of histories and literature and into public discourse in the United States. The witchcraft trials provided an insight ...
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This chapter traces how in the 1830s, the metaphor of Salem witchcraft moved out of histories and literature and into public discourse in the United States. The witchcraft trials provided an insight into the political consequences if a nation became overwhelmed by “fanatical” followers of new religious movements such as Spiritualism and Mormonism. They also provided reporters, editors, and even average citizens with a symbol that had the authority of historical precedent.Less
This chapter traces how in the 1830s, the metaphor of Salem witchcraft moved out of histories and literature and into public discourse in the United States. The witchcraft trials provided an insight into the political consequences if a nation became overwhelmed by “fanatical” followers of new religious movements such as Spiritualism and Mormonism. They also provided reporters, editors, and even average citizens with a symbol that had the authority of historical precedent.
Michael Foley
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199685936
- eISBN:
- 9780191765810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199685936.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Political leadership is often presented as a top-down and agency-driven process but as this chapter shows, leadership is a relational dynamic that has to include followers to be a viable enterprise. ...
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Political leadership is often presented as a top-down and agency-driven process but as this chapter shows, leadership is a relational dynamic that has to include followers to be a viable enterprise. Leader–follower engagement is revealed as a complex and variable interdependency that raises significant methodological, conceptual, and theoretical issues. The chapter examines and appraises different types of ‘followership’ ranging from interpersonal forms of bargaining and negotiated compliance through to the more multilayered relationships involving the cultivation of cooperation via core values, emotional ties, and common identities. It also considers the influence of psychological conditioning (e.g. charisma) and the dynamics of social psychology (e.g. ‘groupthink’) before going on to consider the more extreme forms of internalized submissiveness associated with the ‘authoritarian character’.Less
Political leadership is often presented as a top-down and agency-driven process but as this chapter shows, leadership is a relational dynamic that has to include followers to be a viable enterprise. Leader–follower engagement is revealed as a complex and variable interdependency that raises significant methodological, conceptual, and theoretical issues. The chapter examines and appraises different types of ‘followership’ ranging from interpersonal forms of bargaining and negotiated compliance through to the more multilayered relationships involving the cultivation of cooperation via core values, emotional ties, and common identities. It also considers the influence of psychological conditioning (e.g. charisma) and the dynamics of social psychology (e.g. ‘groupthink’) before going on to consider the more extreme forms of internalized submissiveness associated with the ‘authoritarian character’.
Dennis R. MacDonald
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300097702
- eISBN:
- 9780300129892
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300097702.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
This chapter discusses the most significant of the texts from Acts. Whereas one might remove the other passages from Acts without collapsing the structure of the whole book, the conversion of ...
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This chapter discusses the most significant of the texts from Acts. Whereas one might remove the other passages from Acts without collapsing the structure of the whole book, the conversion of Cornelius and his household is a pillar supporting Luke's entire literary and theological construction. By this point in the narrative, the reader of Acts anticipates God's pouring the “Spirit upon all flesh” so that “everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.” The combination of two visions, one to Cornelius and another to Peter, convinces the apostle that “God does not practice favoritism, but in every nation, one who fears God and acts justly is acceptable to him.” Just as God had poured the Spirit upon Jewish followers of Jesus at Pentecost, God poured the Spirit upon gentiles assembled at the home of Cornelius.Less
This chapter discusses the most significant of the texts from Acts. Whereas one might remove the other passages from Acts without collapsing the structure of the whole book, the conversion of Cornelius and his household is a pillar supporting Luke's entire literary and theological construction. By this point in the narrative, the reader of Acts anticipates God's pouring the “Spirit upon all flesh” so that “everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.” The combination of two visions, one to Cornelius and another to Peter, convinces the apostle that “God does not practice favoritism, but in every nation, one who fears God and acts justly is acceptable to him.” Just as God had poured the Spirit upon Jewish followers of Jesus at Pentecost, God poured the Spirit upon gentiles assembled at the home of Cornelius.
Steven G. Calabresi and Christopher S. Yoo
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300121261
- eISBN:
- 9780300145380
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300121261.003.0013
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter illustrates how President Martin Van Buren was generally a loyal follower and implementer of Jackson's views, the significance of which lies in Jackson's enthusiasm when it came to ...
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This chapter illustrates how President Martin Van Buren was generally a loyal follower and implementer of Jackson's views, the significance of which lies in Jackson's enthusiasm when it came to issues regarding the theory of the unitary executive during the Bank War. During his four years in office, Van Buren governed much as Jackson had as the leader of his political party. Van Buren, according to his biographer Major L. Wilson, held “regular cabinet meetings” but “took no votes in the cabinet and, as usual, reserved final decisions for himself.” At least two cabinet members probably favored a national bank, “yet they readily deferred to Van Buren's views of party and presidential power.”Less
This chapter illustrates how President Martin Van Buren was generally a loyal follower and implementer of Jackson's views, the significance of which lies in Jackson's enthusiasm when it came to issues regarding the theory of the unitary executive during the Bank War. During his four years in office, Van Buren governed much as Jackson had as the leader of his political party. Van Buren, according to his biographer Major L. Wilson, held “regular cabinet meetings” but “took no votes in the cabinet and, as usual, reserved final decisions for himself.” At least two cabinet members probably favored a national bank, “yet they readily deferred to Van Buren's views of party and presidential power.”
Laurie Weinstein, Diane Hassan, and Samantha Mauro
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813056401
- eISBN:
- 9780813058214
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056401.003.0008
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter uses ethnohistoric research to address history’s failure to recognize the roles that peoples of African descent, Native peoples, and women had in the revolutionary cause. The chapter ...
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This chapter uses ethnohistoric research to address history’s failure to recognize the roles that peoples of African descent, Native peoples, and women had in the revolutionary cause. The chapter further describes how white men of privilege were not the only ones who voiced “the spirit of freedom,” as evidenced by Abigail Adams’s inspirational words. The research provides information about camp followers and presents specific biographic accounts of African Descendants and Native peoples who were stationed at the Middle Encampment in Redding, Connecticut.Less
This chapter uses ethnohistoric research to address history’s failure to recognize the roles that peoples of African descent, Native peoples, and women had in the revolutionary cause. The chapter further describes how white men of privilege were not the only ones who voiced “the spirit of freedom,” as evidenced by Abigail Adams’s inspirational words. The research provides information about camp followers and presents specific biographic accounts of African Descendants and Native peoples who were stationed at the Middle Encampment in Redding, Connecticut.
Charlotte Charteris
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781789621808
- eISBN:
- 9781800341265
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789621808.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter draws on Foucault’s ‘Friendship as a Way of Life’ in an exploration of Forster’s most significant and productive inter-generational relationships of the 1930s, arguing that these queer ...
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This chapter draws on Foucault’s ‘Friendship as a Way of Life’ in an exploration of Forster’s most significant and productive inter-generational relationships of the 1930s, arguing that these queer alliances shaped – and were shaped by – not only the Maurice manuscript, but an emerging queer culture that embraced the homosexual’s ‘slantwise’ position in society. As a young queer writer struggling to reconcile the demands of his personal and professional lives, seeking a mentor and yet fundamentally dissatisfied with interwar paradigms of leadership, Christopher Isherwood found in Forster not just a friend, but a master – a model of homosexual writerly life. The master-pupil dynamics that would characterise the pair’s relationship for the remainder of their lives fused the personal with the professional, establishing an ethics of equality and mutual exchange that would ultimately underpin both Forster’s novel, and the collaborative queer aesthetic that would, under Isherwood’s care, finally bring it to birth. Having established the peculiarly generative power of their relationship, the chapter repositions both men within a complex queer dynasty, calling on contemporary theory to offer an affirmative answer to the poignant questioning in Forster’s Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson: ‘is there nothing which will survive when all of you also have vanished?’Less
This chapter draws on Foucault’s ‘Friendship as a Way of Life’ in an exploration of Forster’s most significant and productive inter-generational relationships of the 1930s, arguing that these queer alliances shaped – and were shaped by – not only the Maurice manuscript, but an emerging queer culture that embraced the homosexual’s ‘slantwise’ position in society. As a young queer writer struggling to reconcile the demands of his personal and professional lives, seeking a mentor and yet fundamentally dissatisfied with interwar paradigms of leadership, Christopher Isherwood found in Forster not just a friend, but a master – a model of homosexual writerly life. The master-pupil dynamics that would characterise the pair’s relationship for the remainder of their lives fused the personal with the professional, establishing an ethics of equality and mutual exchange that would ultimately underpin both Forster’s novel, and the collaborative queer aesthetic that would, under Isherwood’s care, finally bring it to birth. Having established the peculiarly generative power of their relationship, the chapter repositions both men within a complex queer dynasty, calling on contemporary theory to offer an affirmative answer to the poignant questioning in Forster’s Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson: ‘is there nothing which will survive when all of you also have vanished?’
