Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195171303
- eISBN:
- 9780199785193
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171303.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This book presents an interpretive overview of folk saint devotions in the Spanish-speaking Americas. The chapters are dedicated to folk saints from Argentina, Mexico, and Peru: Difunta Correa, ...
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This book presents an interpretive overview of folk saint devotions in the Spanish-speaking Americas. The chapters are dedicated to folk saints from Argentina, Mexico, and Peru: Difunta Correa, Gaucho Gil, Niño Compadrito, Niño Fidencio, San La Muerte, and Sarita Colonia. The introduction and conclusion treat themes such as tragic death, curanderos (healers), miracles, the maintenance and growth of devotions, virginity and sexuality, myth formation, and spiritual contracts. All of these are considered in the broader contexts of orthodox and folk Catholicism and of regional culture.Less
This book presents an interpretive overview of folk saint devotions in the Spanish-speaking Americas. The chapters are dedicated to folk saints from Argentina, Mexico, and Peru: Difunta Correa, Gaucho Gil, Niño Compadrito, Niño Fidencio, San La Muerte, and Sarita Colonia. The introduction and conclusion treat themes such as tragic death, curanderos (healers), miracles, the maintenance and growth of devotions, virginity and sexuality, myth formation, and spiritual contracts. All of these are considered in the broader contexts of orthodox and folk Catholicism and of regional culture.
Michael Ostling
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199587902
- eISBN:
- 9780191731228
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587902.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, Social History
Witches are imaginary creatures. But in Poland as in Europe and its colonies in the early modern period, people imagined their neighbours to be witches, with tragic results. This book tells the story ...
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Witches are imaginary creatures. But in Poland as in Europe and its colonies in the early modern period, people imagined their neighbours to be witches, with tragic results. This book tells the story of the imagined Polish witches, showing how ordinary peasant women got caught in webs of suspicion and accusation, finally confessing under torture to the most heinous crimes. Through a close reading of accusations and confessions, the book also shows how witches imagined themselves and their own religious lives. Paradoxically, the tales they tell of infanticide and host desecration reveal to us a culture of deep Catholic piety, while the stories they tell of diabolical sex and the treasure-bringing ghosts of unbaptized babies uncover a complex folklore at the margins of Christian orthodoxy. Caught between the devil and the host, the self‐imagined Polish witches reflect the religion of their place and time, even as they stand accused of subverting and betraying that religion. Through the dark glass of witchcraft the book attempts to explore the religious lives of early modern women and men: their gender attitudes, their Christian faith and folk cosmology, their prayers and spells, their adoration of Christ incarnate in the transubstantiated Eucharist and their relations with goblin-like house demons and ghosts.Less
Witches are imaginary creatures. But in Poland as in Europe and its colonies in the early modern period, people imagined their neighbours to be witches, with tragic results. This book tells the story of the imagined Polish witches, showing how ordinary peasant women got caught in webs of suspicion and accusation, finally confessing under torture to the most heinous crimes. Through a close reading of accusations and confessions, the book also shows how witches imagined themselves and their own religious lives. Paradoxically, the tales they tell of infanticide and host desecration reveal to us a culture of deep Catholic piety, while the stories they tell of diabolical sex and the treasure-bringing ghosts of unbaptized babies uncover a complex folklore at the margins of Christian orthodoxy. Caught between the devil and the host, the self‐imagined Polish witches reflect the religion of their place and time, even as they stand accused of subverting and betraying that religion. Through the dark glass of witchcraft the book attempts to explore the religious lives of early modern women and men: their gender attitudes, their Christian faith and folk cosmology, their prayers and spells, their adoration of Christ incarnate in the transubstantiated Eucharist and their relations with goblin-like house demons and ghosts.
George J. Mailath and Larry Samuelson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195300796
- eISBN:
- 9780199783700
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300796.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This book begins with a careful development of fundamental concepts, including the notions of a repeated game, strategy, and equilibrium. It synthesizes and unifies the vast body of work in repeated ...
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This book begins with a careful development of fundamental concepts, including the notions of a repeated game, strategy, and equilibrium. It synthesizes and unifies the vast body of work in repeated games and reputations, bringing the reader to the research frontier. Detailed arguments and proofs are given throughout; they are interwoven with examples, discussions of how the theory is to be used in the study of relationships, and economic applications of the theory. The book will be useful to those doing basic research in the theory of repeated games as well as those using repeated games as tools in more applied research. The classic folk theorem and reputation results for games of perfect and imperfect public monitoring are presented, with the benefit of the modern analytical tools of decomposability and self-generation. More recent developments are also presented, including results beyond folk theorems and recent work in games of private monitoring and alternative approaches to reputations. The book provides an integration of game theory and economics, moving from the theory of repeated games to the study of economic relationships.Less
This book begins with a careful development of fundamental concepts, including the notions of a repeated game, strategy, and equilibrium. It synthesizes and unifies the vast body of work in repeated games and reputations, bringing the reader to the research frontier. Detailed arguments and proofs are given throughout; they are interwoven with examples, discussions of how the theory is to be used in the study of relationships, and economic applications of the theory. The book will be useful to those doing basic research in the theory of repeated games as well as those using repeated games as tools in more applied research. The classic folk theorem and reputation results for games of perfect and imperfect public monitoring are presented, with the benefit of the modern analytical tools of decomposability and self-generation. More recent developments are also presented, including results beyond folk theorems and recent work in games of private monitoring and alternative approaches to reputations. The book provides an integration of game theory and economics, moving from the theory of repeated games to the study of economic relationships.
George J. Mailath and Larry Samuelson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195300796
- eISBN:
- 9780199783700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300796.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter presents and proves the folk theorem for games of perfect monitoring. The chapter first proves the folk theorem for two players with public correlation and pure-action individual ...
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This chapter presents and proves the folk theorem for games of perfect monitoring. The chapter first proves the folk theorem for two players with public correlation and pure-action individual rationality. This is then generalized to arbitrary numbers of players, via both a dimensionality assumption on feasible payoffs and the idea of non-equivalent utilities, then to games without public correlation and finally to mixed-action individually rational payoffs.Less
This chapter presents and proves the folk theorem for games of perfect monitoring. The chapter first proves the folk theorem for two players with public correlation and pure-action individual rationality. This is then generalized to arbitrary numbers of players, via both a dimensionality assumption on feasible payoffs and the idea of non-equivalent utilities, then to games without public correlation and finally to mixed-action individually rational payoffs.
George J. Mailath and Larry Samuelson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195300796
- eISBN:
- 9780199783700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300796.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter explores variations on the standard repeated game: random matching games and repeated games played in the context of a market or society, multiple repeated games, repeated extensive form ...
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This chapter explores variations on the standard repeated game: random matching games and repeated games played in the context of a market or society, multiple repeated games, repeated extensive form games, and dynamic games. The chapter defines and provides foundations for the concept of Markov equilibrium and culminates in a folk theorem for dynamic games.Less
This chapter explores variations on the standard repeated game: random matching games and repeated games played in the context of a market or society, multiple repeated games, repeated extensive form games, and dynamic games. The chapter defines and provides foundations for the concept of Markov equilibrium and culminates in a folk theorem for dynamic games.
George J. Mailath and Larry Samuelson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195300796
- eISBN:
- 9780199783700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300796.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter shows that in many situations with patient players, the payoffs bounds from Chapter 8 are tight. It then proves various folk theorems for games of public monitoring, including games with ...
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This chapter shows that in many situations with patient players, the payoffs bounds from Chapter 8 are tight. It then proves various folk theorems for games of public monitoring, including games with a product structure and extensive form games. The chapter discusses the enforceability, identifiability, and rank conditions on the monitoring technology required for the folk theorem, and finally considers games of symmetric incomplete information.Less
This chapter shows that in many situations with patient players, the payoffs bounds from Chapter 8 are tight. It then proves various folk theorems for games of public monitoring, including games with a product structure and extensive form games. The chapter discusses the enforceability, identifiability, and rank conditions on the monitoring technology required for the folk theorem, and finally considers games of symmetric incomplete information.
George J. Mailath and Larry Samuelson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195300796
- eISBN:
- 9780199783700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300796.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter provides a detailed treatment of work on games with almost-public monitoring. The chapter introduces the key distinction between strategies with bounded and unbounded recall, showing ...
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This chapter provides a detailed treatment of work on games with almost-public monitoring. The chapter introduces the key distinction between strategies with bounded and unbounded recall, showing that perfect public equilibria with bounded recall in public monitoring games induce equilibrium behavior in nearby private monitoring games, while equilibria with unbounded recall typically imply coordination failure in nearby private monitoring games. The chapter concludes with a folk theorem for games of almost-public monitoring.Less
This chapter provides a detailed treatment of work on games with almost-public monitoring. The chapter introduces the key distinction between strategies with bounded and unbounded recall, showing that perfect public equilibria with bounded recall in public monitoring games induce equilibrium behavior in nearby private monitoring games, while equilibria with unbounded recall typically imply coordination failure in nearby private monitoring games. The chapter concludes with a folk theorem for games of almost-public monitoring.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195171303
- eISBN:
- 9780199785193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171303.003.intro
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter establishes the cultural and thematic contexts for understanding folk saint devotions. It explores the nature of devotion, the means by which devotions are initiated and disseminated, ...
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This chapter establishes the cultural and thematic contexts for understanding folk saint devotions. It explores the nature of devotion, the means by which devotions are initiated and disseminated, and the relation of folk saints to canonized saints and to the Catholic Church.Less
This chapter establishes the cultural and thematic contexts for understanding folk saint devotions. It explores the nature of devotion, the means by which devotions are initiated and disseminated, and the relation of folk saints to canonized saints and to the Catholic Church.
Shaun Nichols and Stephen P. Stich
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780198236108
- eISBN:
- 9780191600920
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198236107.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This volume defends an integrated account of the psychological mechanisms underlying “mindreading,” the commonplace capacity to understand the mind. The authors maintain that it is, as commonsense ...
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This volume defends an integrated account of the psychological mechanisms underlying “mindreading,” the commonplace capacity to understand the mind. The authors maintain that it is, as commonsense would suggest, vital to distinguish between reading others’ minds and reading one’s own. In reading other minds, the imagination plays a central role. As a result, the authors begin with an explicit and systematic account of pretense and imagination which proposes that pretense representations are contained in a separate mental workspace, the “Possible World Box,” which is part of the basic architecture of the human mind. The mechanisms subserving pretense get recruited in reading other minds, a capacity that implicates multifarious kinds of processes, including those favored by simulation approaches to mindreading, those favored by information-based approaches, and processes that don’t fit into either category. None of these mechanisms or processes, though, explains how we read our own minds, which, according to the authors, requires invoking an entirely independent set of mechanisms.Less
This volume defends an integrated account of the psychological mechanisms underlying “mindreading,” the commonplace capacity to understand the mind. The authors maintain that it is, as commonsense would suggest, vital to distinguish between reading others’ minds and reading one’s own. In reading other minds, the imagination plays a central role. As a result, the authors begin with an explicit and systematic account of pretense and imagination which proposes that pretense representations are contained in a separate mental workspace, the “Possible World Box,” which is part of the basic architecture of the human mind. The mechanisms subserving pretense get recruited in reading other minds, a capacity that implicates multifarious kinds of processes, including those favored by simulation approaches to mindreading, those favored by information-based approaches, and processes that don’t fit into either category. None of these mechanisms or processes, though, explains how we read our own minds, which, according to the authors, requires invoking an entirely independent set of mechanisms.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195171303
- eISBN:
- 9780199785193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171303.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter explores the devotion to Niño Fidencio, the most prominent Mexican folk saint. It examines Fidencio’s biography in historical context; spiritism and channeling; curanderismo (folk ...
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This chapter explores the devotion to Niño Fidencio, the most prominent Mexican folk saint. It examines Fidencio’s biography in historical context; spiritism and channeling; curanderismo (folk healing); relation to other curandero folk saints; and the nature of devotion at Fidencio’s shrine in Espinazo, Mexico, and in the Río Grande Valley of the United States.Less
This chapter explores the devotion to Niño Fidencio, the most prominent Mexican folk saint. It examines Fidencio’s biography in historical context; spiritism and channeling; curanderismo (folk healing); relation to other curandero folk saints; and the nature of devotion at Fidencio’s shrine in Espinazo, Mexico, and in the Río Grande Valley of the United States.
Stephen P. Stich
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195126662
- eISBN:
- 9780199868322
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195126661.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
Eliminativism (or eliminative materialism) has been an important and provocative view in the philosophy of mind since the 1970s. Eliminativism claims that the mental states alluded to in our ordinary ...
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Eliminativism (or eliminative materialism) has been an important and provocative view in the philosophy of mind since the 1970s. Eliminativism claims that the mental states alluded to in our ordinary talk about the mind – particularly intentional states like beliefs, desires, and thoughts – are the posits of a badly mistaken “folk” theory, and thus, like phlogiston, witches and other posits of badly mistaken theories, they do not exist. This volume is a collection of essays that systematically examine the arguments for eliminativism. Ch. 2 illustrates the way in which connectionist models of belief and memory might be used to support the claim that folk psychology is a radically mistaken theory. Ch. 4 argues against the claim that simulation theory undermines the debate between eliminativists and their opponents. Chs. 3 and 5 argue that the case for the premises of the eliminativist argument is problematic in ways that have not been noted in previous discussions. The long title essay (Ch. 1) argues that, even if the premises are true, they do not support the eliminativist conclusion without the addition of some additional premise, and none of the additional premises that might fill the gap, are defensible. Though many writers rely on the theory of reference to fill the gap between premises and conclusion, it is argued that appeals to the theory of reference cannot do the ontological work required by the eliminativist argument.Less
Eliminativism (or eliminative materialism) has been an important and provocative view in the philosophy of mind since the 1970s. Eliminativism claims that the mental states alluded to in our ordinary talk about the mind – particularly intentional states like beliefs, desires, and thoughts – are the posits of a badly mistaken “folk” theory, and thus, like phlogiston, witches and other posits of badly mistaken theories, they do not exist. This volume is a collection of essays that systematically examine the arguments for eliminativism. Ch. 2 illustrates the way in which connectionist models of belief and memory might be used to support the claim that folk psychology is a radically mistaken theory. Ch. 4 argues against the claim that simulation theory undermines the debate between eliminativists and their opponents. Chs. 3 and 5 argue that the case for the premises of the eliminativist argument is problematic in ways that have not been noted in previous discussions. The long title essay (Ch. 1) argues that, even if the premises are true, they do not support the eliminativist conclusion without the addition of some additional premise, and none of the additional premises that might fill the gap, are defensible. Though many writers rely on the theory of reference to fill the gap between premises and conclusion, it is argued that appeals to the theory of reference cannot do the ontological work required by the eliminativist argument.
Ken Binmore
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195178111
- eISBN:
- 9780199783670
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178111.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
The folk theorem shows that cooperative behavior can be sustained as a Nash equilibrium in indefinitely repeated games — a phenomenon known as reciprocal altruism. The same theorem offers a solution ...
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The folk theorem shows that cooperative behavior can be sustained as a Nash equilibrium in indefinitely repeated games — a phenomenon known as reciprocal altruism. The same theorem offers a solution to various other social mysteries. Who guards the guardians? How are authority, blame, courtesy, dignity, envy, friendship, guilt, honor, integrity, justice, loyalty, modesty, ownership, pride, reputation, status, trust, virtue, and the like to be explained as emergent phenomena? How do beliefs that many people privately know to be false survive?Less
The folk theorem shows that cooperative behavior can be sustained as a Nash equilibrium in indefinitely repeated games — a phenomenon known as reciprocal altruism. The same theorem offers a solution to various other social mysteries. Who guards the guardians? How are authority, blame, courtesy, dignity, envy, friendship, guilt, honor, integrity, justice, loyalty, modesty, ownership, pride, reputation, status, trust, virtue, and the like to be explained as emergent phenomena? How do beliefs that many people privately know to be false survive?
Alvin I. Goldman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195138924
- eISBN:
- 9780199786480
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195138929.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
A brief overview and mini-history of the subject of mindreading are presented. Philosophers were the first to worry about the folk understanding of other minds and the distinctive nature of ...
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A brief overview and mini-history of the subject of mindreading are presented. Philosophers were the first to worry about the folk understanding of other minds and the distinctive nature of self-knowledge. They advanced the view that “folk psychology” presupposes a naive theory of mind. Empirical evidence about young children’s poor performance on false-belief tasks and about the link between autism and “mindblindness” spurred interest among developmental psychologists and psychopathologists. The central questions for a comprehensive theory of mindreading are (1) how people mindread others, (2) how they mindread themselves, (3) how they acquire their mindreading abilities, and (4) what is the content of mental-state concepts.Less
A brief overview and mini-history of the subject of mindreading are presented. Philosophers were the first to worry about the folk understanding of other minds and the distinctive nature of self-knowledge. They advanced the view that “folk psychology” presupposes a naive theory of mind. Empirical evidence about young children’s poor performance on false-belief tasks and about the link between autism and “mindblindness” spurred interest among developmental psychologists and psychopathologists. The central questions for a comprehensive theory of mindreading are (1) how people mindread others, (2) how they mindread themselves, (3) how they acquire their mindreading abilities, and (4) what is the content of mental-state concepts.
Ryan André Brasseaux
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195343069
- eISBN:
- 9780199866977
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343069.003.0005
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter deconstructs Cajuns’, and Cajun music’s, folk categorization. It analyzes three separate interpretations of folk culture as espoused by influential public intellectuals. Alan and John ...
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This chapter deconstructs Cajuns’, and Cajun music’s, folk categorization. It analyzes three separate interpretations of folk culture as espoused by influential public intellectuals. Alan and John Lomax’s famed ethnographic folklore excursions through the American South, with a focus on the individuals and cultural contexts that informed the Depression era Cajun musical landscape, open the chapter. The first Cajun musicians to perform on a national stage at Sarah Gertrude Knott’s National Folk Festival are also included in this study as an example of Cajun music’s attachment to contemporary trends in the public consumption of folklore and the genre’s attachment to the American national project. William Owens’ little know field excursions are then used to demonstrate the perpetuation of Cajun music’ folk categorization.Less
This chapter deconstructs Cajuns’, and Cajun music’s, folk categorization. It analyzes three separate interpretations of folk culture as espoused by influential public intellectuals. Alan and John Lomax’s famed ethnographic folklore excursions through the American South, with a focus on the individuals and cultural contexts that informed the Depression era Cajun musical landscape, open the chapter. The first Cajun musicians to perform on a national stage at Sarah Gertrude Knott’s National Folk Festival are also included in this study as an example of Cajun music’s attachment to contemporary trends in the public consumption of folklore and the genre’s attachment to the American national project. William Owens’ little know field excursions are then used to demonstrate the perpetuation of Cajun music’ folk categorization.
Philip V. Bohlman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195178326
- eISBN:
- 9780199869992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178326.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter is the first of several in the first section of the book (“Places of Jewish Music”) that locate Jewish music on the landscapes of European modernity. Rather than treating the village as ...
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This chapter is the first of several in the first section of the book (“Places of Jewish Music”) that locate Jewish music on the landscapes of European modernity. Rather than treating the village as an isolated place, in which folk music was limited only to Jews, the chapter reveals processes of change and transition. Jewish folk music facilitated and was the product of border crossing, particularly from a concern with the mythical past and to an historical engagement with the present. Jewish folk music practices and repertories were vastly different across Europe, weaving vernacular languages and myths together, while conveying distinctive cultural identities. The chapter includes numerous case studies of Jewish villages in the German Rhineland, on the borders of France, Germany, and Switzerland, and in rural Moravia and Romania. The “Seven Holy Cities” (sheva kehillot) of Burgenland, border region shared by Austria and Hungary, provide at rich set of specific case studies.Less
This chapter is the first of several in the first section of the book (“Places of Jewish Music”) that locate Jewish music on the landscapes of European modernity. Rather than treating the village as an isolated place, in which folk music was limited only to Jews, the chapter reveals processes of change and transition. Jewish folk music facilitated and was the product of border crossing, particularly from a concern with the mythical past and to an historical engagement with the present. Jewish folk music practices and repertories were vastly different across Europe, weaving vernacular languages and myths together, while conveying distinctive cultural identities. The chapter includes numerous case studies of Jewish villages in the German Rhineland, on the borders of France, Germany, and Switzerland, and in rural Moravia and Romania. The “Seven Holy Cities” (sheva kehillot) of Burgenland, border region shared by Austria and Hungary, provide at rich set of specific case studies.
Pierre Cachia
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748640867
- eISBN:
- 9780748653300
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640867.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
The character and range of Arab folk literature are investigated in this collection. Arranged into three sections, the book looks first at historical developments in the relationship between Arab ...
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The character and range of Arab folk literature are investigated in this collection. Arranged into three sections, the book looks first at historical developments in the relationship between Arab folk literature and that of the elite, the gradual elaboration of certain genres, and the producers of folk literature. It then devotes a substantial section to the consideration of single or related texts. Finally, the book searches for evidence of social and cultural implications and for differences of attitudes of folk and elite towards sensitive issues. The book features a standardised transcription system based on pronunciation of the language — far more suited for oral forms of literature.Less
The character and range of Arab folk literature are investigated in this collection. Arranged into three sections, the book looks first at historical developments in the relationship between Arab folk literature and that of the elite, the gradual elaboration of certain genres, and the producers of folk literature. It then devotes a substantial section to the consideration of single or related texts. Finally, the book searches for evidence of social and cultural implications and for differences of attitudes of folk and elite towards sensitive issues. The book features a standardised transcription system based on pronunciation of the language — far more suited for oral forms of literature.
David Manning
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195182392
- eISBN:
- 9780199851485
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182392.003.0046
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
A good folklorist needs to be scientifically accurate, artistically imaginative, and humanly sympathetic. It is the combination of these qualities that makes the success of Mrs Ella Mary Leather's ...
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A good folklorist needs to be scientifically accurate, artistically imaginative, and humanly sympathetic. It is the combination of these qualities that makes the success of Mrs Ella Mary Leather's Folklore of Herefordshire. This book is now a recognized authority on folklore and archaeology, while a complete number of the Journal of the Folk Song Society testifies to her power of discovering lovely melody in the usual unpromising circumstances. As to Ella's human sympathy, one only had to accompany her, as was more than once my privilege, on a folk-song collecting expedition among the gypsies of Herefordshire, to be astonished at her friendly reception by these proud and suspicious people. She understood them and they understood her; they knew that she was willing and anxious to help and advise them in all their difficulties, and in return they gave her of their best.Less
A good folklorist needs to be scientifically accurate, artistically imaginative, and humanly sympathetic. It is the combination of these qualities that makes the success of Mrs Ella Mary Leather's Folklore of Herefordshire. This book is now a recognized authority on folklore and archaeology, while a complete number of the Journal of the Folk Song Society testifies to her power of discovering lovely melody in the usual unpromising circumstances. As to Ella's human sympathy, one only had to accompany her, as was more than once my privilege, on a folk-song collecting expedition among the gypsies of Herefordshire, to be astonished at her friendly reception by these proud and suspicious people. She understood them and they understood her; they knew that she was willing and anxious to help and advise them in all their difficulties, and in return they gave her of their best.
David Manning
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195182392
- eISBN:
- 9780199851485
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182392.003.0060
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
Folk music is one of the good things of this world which, like freedom, health, and prosperity, one values most when one is in danger of losing it. There is, however, no need for despondency, for the ...
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Folk music is one of the good things of this world which, like freedom, health, and prosperity, one values most when one is in danger of losing it. There is, however, no need for despondency, for the very agencies that have been the enemies of folk music are being pressed into its service, as is shown by the International Catalogue of Recorded Folk Music. Through the processes of mechanical recording, folk music is not only being preserved but is being made available for study and enjoyment by a wider circle than has ever before been possible. The printed or written notation on which one has hitherto had to rely gives one the form and substance of folk music; but, however accurate it may be, it cannot portray all the subtle nuances of intonation, rhythm, and ornamentation that give the style and character of the folk musician's art.Less
Folk music is one of the good things of this world which, like freedom, health, and prosperity, one values most when one is in danger of losing it. There is, however, no need for despondency, for the very agencies that have been the enemies of folk music are being pressed into its service, as is shown by the International Catalogue of Recorded Folk Music. Through the processes of mechanical recording, folk music is not only being preserved but is being made available for study and enjoyment by a wider circle than has ever before been possible. The printed or written notation on which one has hitherto had to rely gives one the form and substance of folk music; but, however accurate it may be, it cannot portray all the subtle nuances of intonation, rhythm, and ornamentation that give the style and character of the folk musician's art.
Derek B. Scott
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195309461
- eISBN:
- 9780199871254
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309461.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
Taste is a social rather than private matter, and can be used as a marker of superiority, a taste for the “refined” over the “vulgar”. By the second half of the 19th century, a distinction had arisen ...
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Taste is a social rather than private matter, and can be used as a marker of superiority, a taste for the “refined” over the “vulgar”. By the second half of the 19th century, a distinction had arisen between “art music” and “popular music”, even if not expressed in exactly those terms. The gap between art and entertainment was caused primarily by an intense dislike of the market conditions that turned art into a commodity. Non-serious music was perceived as that which did not tax the mind and was consumed merely as an amusement, usually alongside the distractions of talking, laughing, or dancing. The idea of a second-class light music provided critics with a means of condemning any music that bore the signs of the popular — features they regarded as fashionable and facile (leicht meaning “easy” in German), rather than progressive and serious — whether or not such music enjoyed success in the market place.Less
Taste is a social rather than private matter, and can be used as a marker of superiority, a taste for the “refined” over the “vulgar”. By the second half of the 19th century, a distinction had arisen between “art music” and “popular music”, even if not expressed in exactly those terms. The gap between art and entertainment was caused primarily by an intense dislike of the market conditions that turned art into a commodity. Non-serious music was perceived as that which did not tax the mind and was consumed merely as an amusement, usually alongside the distractions of talking, laughing, or dancing. The idea of a second-class light music provided critics with a means of condemning any music that bore the signs of the popular — features they regarded as fashionable and facile (leicht meaning “easy” in German), rather than progressive and serious — whether or not such music enjoyed success in the market place.
Elliot Antokoletz
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195365825
- eISBN:
- 9780199868865
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195365825.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Opera
This book explores the means by which two early 20th-century operas — Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande (1902) and Bartók's Duke Bluebeard's Castle (1911) — transform the harmonic structures of the ...
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This book explores the means by which two early 20th-century operas — Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande (1902) and Bartók's Duke Bluebeard's Castle (1911) — transform the harmonic structures of the traditional major/minor scale system into a new musical language, and how this language reflects the psycho-dramatic symbolism of the Franco-Belgian poet, Maurice Maeterlinck and his Hungarian disciple, Béla Balázs. In reaction to the realism of 19th-century theater, many authors began to develop a new interest in psychological motivation and a level of consciousness manifested in metaphor, ambiguity, and symbol. In his plays, Maeterlinck was to transform the internal concept of subconscious motivation into an external one, in which human emotions and actions are entirely controlled by fate. The two operas of this study represent the first significant attempts to establish more profound correspondences between the symbolist dramatic conception and the new musical language. The new musical language is based almost exclusively on interactions between pentatonic-diatonic folk modalities and their more abstract symmetrical transformations (dominant ninth, whole-tone, octatonic). The opposition of these two harmonic extremes serving as the basis for dramatic polarity between the characters as real-life beings and as symbols of fate. This book also explores the new musico-dramatic relations within their larger historical, social, and aesthetic contexts.Less
This book explores the means by which two early 20th-century operas — Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande (1902) and Bartók's Duke Bluebeard's Castle (1911) — transform the harmonic structures of the traditional major/minor scale system into a new musical language, and how this language reflects the psycho-dramatic symbolism of the Franco-Belgian poet, Maurice Maeterlinck and his Hungarian disciple, Béla Balázs. In reaction to the realism of 19th-century theater, many authors began to develop a new interest in psychological motivation and a level of consciousness manifested in metaphor, ambiguity, and symbol. In his plays, Maeterlinck was to transform the internal concept of subconscious motivation into an external one, in which human emotions and actions are entirely controlled by fate. The two operas of this study represent the first significant attempts to establish more profound correspondences between the symbolist dramatic conception and the new musical language. The new musical language is based almost exclusively on interactions between pentatonic-diatonic folk modalities and their more abstract symmetrical transformations (dominant ninth, whole-tone, octatonic). The opposition of these two harmonic extremes serving as the basis for dramatic polarity between the characters as real-life beings and as symbols of fate. This book also explores the new musico-dramatic relations within their larger historical, social, and aesthetic contexts.
