Michael Power, James D. Reist, and J. Brian Dempson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199213887
- eISBN:
- 9780191707506
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213887.003.0014
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Aquatic Biology
There is a limited freshwater fish fauna in the high Arctic, with Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) dominating in most aquatic systems. In the high Arctic, Arctic char are the only resident freshwater ...
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There is a limited freshwater fish fauna in the high Arctic, with Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) dominating in most aquatic systems. In the high Arctic, Arctic char are the only resident freshwater species, which display a complex variety of life-history tactics, varying in growth and feeding patterns to produce ecophenotypes that occupy distinctive niches. Anadromous Arctic char use lake habitats for critical life-history stages, including reproduction, juvenile growth, and over-wintering. Lakes, therefore, provide essential habitat for all Arctic char populations. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) also occur in the Arctic, and are an important food source where they occur. Most other species, with the exception of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pungitius pungitius), occur only as populations at the northern fringes of their distributional range. While their occurrence can complicate the ecology of any given lake, such species are not an integral part of most high Arctic lake environments.Less
There is a limited freshwater fish fauna in the high Arctic, with Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) dominating in most aquatic systems. In the high Arctic, Arctic char are the only resident freshwater species, which display a complex variety of life-history tactics, varying in growth and feeding patterns to produce ecophenotypes that occupy distinctive niches. Anadromous Arctic char use lake habitats for critical life-history stages, including reproduction, juvenile growth, and over-wintering. Lakes, therefore, provide essential habitat for all Arctic char populations. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) also occur in the Arctic, and are an important food source where they occur. Most other species, with the exception of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pungitius pungitius), occur only as populations at the northern fringes of their distributional range. While their occurrence can complicate the ecology of any given lake, such species are not an integral part of most high Arctic lake environments.
José M. Fariña, Alvaro T. Palma, and F. Patricio Ojeda
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195319958
- eISBN:
- 9780199869596
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195319958.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
The chapter describes the oceanography, biogeography, and the important role that the El Niño cycle plays in Chilean kelp forest ecology. The structure of the food web from primary producers to ...
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The chapter describes the oceanography, biogeography, and the important role that the El Niño cycle plays in Chilean kelp forest ecology. The structure of the food web from primary producers to consumers is described and the potential effect of the artisanal fishery and effect of the loss of kelp forests on the on the food web and fishery are discussed.Less
The chapter describes the oceanography, biogeography, and the important role that the El Niño cycle plays in Chilean kelp forest ecology. The structure of the food web from primary producers to consumers is described and the potential effect of the artisanal fishery and effect of the loss of kelp forests on the on the food web and fishery are discussed.
Tim R. McClanahan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195319958
- eISBN:
- 9780199869596
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195319958.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
This chapter describes the oceanography, biogeography, and management of coral reef ecosystems of East Africa. The chapter focuses on the role of marine protected areas and fishing in controlling ...
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This chapter describes the oceanography, biogeography, and management of coral reef ecosystems of East Africa. The chapter focuses on the role of marine protected areas and fishing in controlling their ecology as well as a simulation model of fishing with the expected model and realized effects of fishing on the ecosystem.Less
This chapter describes the oceanography, biogeography, and management of coral reef ecosystems of East Africa. The chapter focuses on the role of marine protected areas and fishing in controlling their ecology as well as a simulation model of fishing with the expected model and realized effects of fishing on the ecosystem.
Bertil Borg
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195335903
- eISBN:
- 9780199775446
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335903.003.0015
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter provides an overview of how the photoperiod controls seasonal cycles in fishes. Most attention is given to reproduction, but migration is also included. The chapter mainly deals with ...
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This chapter provides an overview of how the photoperiod controls seasonal cycles in fishes. Most attention is given to reproduction, but migration is also included. The chapter mainly deals with experimental studies; investigations where biological events are correlated with environmental factors (e.g., sampling series from the field) are given less attention.Less
This chapter provides an overview of how the photoperiod controls seasonal cycles in fishes. Most attention is given to reproduction, but migration is also included. The chapter mainly deals with experimental studies; investigations where biological events are correlated with environmental factors (e.g., sampling series from the field) are given less attention.
Charles R. C. Sheppard, Simon K. Davy, and Graham M. Pilling
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198566359
- eISBN:
- 9780191713934
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566359.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology, Aquatic Biology
Fisheries are of key importance in provision of protein, livelihood opportunities and income to islanders and coastal populations with few alternative food sources, including some of the world's ...
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Fisheries are of key importance in provision of protein, livelihood opportunities and income to islanders and coastal populations with few alternative food sources, including some of the world's poorest people. The variety of reef fisheries of both invertebrate and vertebrate resources around the world is examined. Methods used and particular issues with these fisheries are discussed. Exploitation of reef resources also occurs to supply luxury food markets, and the international live reef fish trade is highlighted. The development of reef-based aquaculture is examined, and issues that need to be addressed to deliver sustainable expansion of this approach are discussed. In the face of increasing pressures on reef resources from a number of sources, resultant impacts on reef renewable resources are detailed, and potential ways in which these pressures may be managed and controlled are described.Less
Fisheries are of key importance in provision of protein, livelihood opportunities and income to islanders and coastal populations with few alternative food sources, including some of the world's poorest people. The variety of reef fisheries of both invertebrate and vertebrate resources around the world is examined. Methods used and particular issues with these fisheries are discussed. Exploitation of reef resources also occurs to supply luxury food markets, and the international live reef fish trade is highlighted. The development of reef-based aquaculture is examined, and issues that need to be addressed to deliver sustainable expansion of this approach are discussed. In the face of increasing pressures on reef resources from a number of sources, resultant impacts on reef renewable resources are detailed, and potential ways in which these pressures may be managed and controlled are described.
George M. Branch
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195319958
- eISBN:
- 9780199869596
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195319958.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
The chapter summarizes the ecology of the subtidal reefs of South Africa. Discussions include the role of wind, productivity, and oceanographic conditions, the important role of currents and the ...
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The chapter summarizes the ecology of the subtidal reefs of South Africa. Discussions include the role of wind, productivity, and oceanographic conditions, the important role of currents and the physical forces as well as the species interactions, including rock lobsters, abalone, and sea urchins.Less
The chapter summarizes the ecology of the subtidal reefs of South Africa. Discussions include the role of wind, productivity, and oceanographic conditions, the important role of currents and the physical forces as well as the species interactions, including rock lobsters, abalone, and sea urchins.
Rodrigo H. Bustamante, Thomas A. Okey, and Stuart Banks
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195319958
- eISBN:
- 9780199869596
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195319958.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
This chapter describes ecology of the Galapagos rocky reef system and the important role of biogeographic position on biodiversity, the El Niño cycle, and the history of resource extraction on the ...
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This chapter describes ecology of the Galapagos rocky reef system and the important role of biogeographic position on biodiversity, the El Niño cycle, and the history of resource extraction on the current state of the ecosystem. The chapter presents a model of the energetic pathways in the ecosystem and its predictions for fisheries yields and the role of key species. The history of exploitation is outlined as well as the role of the current marine protected areas to develop sustainable management system.Less
This chapter describes ecology of the Galapagos rocky reef system and the important role of biogeographic position on biodiversity, the El Niño cycle, and the history of resource extraction on the current state of the ecosystem. The chapter presents a model of the energetic pathways in the ecosystem and its predictions for fisheries yields and the role of key species. The history of exploitation is outlined as well as the role of the current marine protected areas to develop sustainable management system.
Peter W. Glynn
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195319958
- eISBN:
- 9780199869596
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195319958.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
This chapter describes the physical setting, biogeography, El Niño cycle and climate change effects of the coral reefs of Panama. A focus on the unique role of low diversity but complex ecological ...
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This chapter describes the physical setting, biogeography, El Niño cycle and climate change effects of the coral reefs of Panama. A focus on the unique role of low diversity but complex ecological interactions, as well the importance of corals in supporting a diverse and often cryptic part of the food web is presented. Spatial and temporal variation is described as well as the potential role of human resource use and climate change on the ecosystem.Less
This chapter describes the physical setting, biogeography, El Niño cycle and climate change effects of the coral reefs of Panama. A focus on the unique role of low diversity but complex ecological interactions, as well the importance of corals in supporting a diverse and often cryptic part of the food web is presented. Spatial and temporal variation is described as well as the potential role of human resource use and climate change on the ecosystem.
David N. Thomas, G.E. (Tony) Fogg, Peter Convey, Christian H. Fritsen, Josep-Maria Gili, Rolf Gradinger, Johanna Laybourn-Parry, Keith Reid, and David W.H. Walton
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199298112
- eISBN:
- 9780191711640
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298112.003.0011
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter discusses the impact of humans on polar regions. Topics covered include the first invasions by humans, the ecology of pre-industrial humans in the Arctic, sealing and whaling, hunting, ...
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This chapter discusses the impact of humans on polar regions. Topics covered include the first invasions by humans, the ecology of pre-industrial humans in the Arctic, sealing and whaling, hunting, fishing, pastoral and agriculture development, introduction of non-native organisms by humans, mineral and oil extraction, pollution, tourism, military uses of the polar regions, and conservation.Less
This chapter discusses the impact of humans on polar regions. Topics covered include the first invasions by humans, the ecology of pre-industrial humans in the Arctic, sealing and whaling, hunting, fishing, pastoral and agriculture development, introduction of non-native organisms by humans, mineral and oil extraction, pollution, tourism, military uses of the polar regions, and conservation.
Morwenna Ludlow
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199280766
- eISBN:
- 9780191712906
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280766.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter explores criticisms and defences of Gregory's soteriology which are less closely connected with his Christology, but all of which have been matters of some controversy: specifically ...
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This chapter explores criticisms and defences of Gregory's soteriology which are less closely connected with his Christology, but all of which have been matters of some controversy: specifically Gregory's analogy of the fish-hook, the concept of cooperation (sunergia), and his idea of universal salvation (apokatastasis). Discussion of the theme of the fish-hook centres on a soteriological idea presented by Gregory in narrative form in his Catechetical Oration. Having already established that humanity was in the power of devil (or death) owing to the Fall, and that God's justice demanded that God should win humankind back through payment of a ransom (Christ) rather than seizing it back by force, Gregory then explains how the devil was deceived into accepting as a ransom a payment which he could not possibly keep.Less
This chapter explores criticisms and defences of Gregory's soteriology which are less closely connected with his Christology, but all of which have been matters of some controversy: specifically Gregory's analogy of the fish-hook, the concept of cooperation (sunergia), and his idea of universal salvation (apokatastasis). Discussion of the theme of the fish-hook centres on a soteriological idea presented by Gregory in narrative form in his Catechetical Oration. Having already established that humanity was in the power of devil (or death) owing to the Fall, and that God's justice demanded that God should win humankind back through payment of a ransom (Christ) rather than seizing it back by force, Gregory then explains how the devil was deceived into accepting as a ransom a payment which he could not possibly keep.
David N. Thomas, G.E. (Tony) Fogg, Peter Convey, Christian H. Fritsen, Josep-Maria Gili, Rolf Gradinger, Johanna Laybourn-Parry, Keith Reid, and David W.H. Walton
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199298112
- eISBN:
- 9780191711640
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298112.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter discusses the ecology of open oceans in polar regions. Topics covered include gradients in waters, the plankton, the physiological ecology of polar phytoplankton, the zooplankton, squid, ...
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This chapter discusses the ecology of open oceans in polar regions. Topics covered include gradients in waters, the plankton, the physiological ecology of polar phytoplankton, the zooplankton, squid, fish, and polar marine pelagic systems.Less
This chapter discusses the ecology of open oceans in polar regions. Topics covered include gradients in waters, the plankton, the physiological ecology of polar phytoplankton, the zooplankton, squid, fish, and polar marine pelagic systems.
Debra Patla
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520235922
- eISBN:
- 9780520929432
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520235922.003.0039
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
Park and wildlife managers are facing an ironic dilemma as they work to restore and protect aquatic ecosystems — must amphibians be sacrificed if native fish are to return? Over the past century ...
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Park and wildlife managers are facing an ironic dilemma as they work to restore and protect aquatic ecosystems — must amphibians be sacrificed if native fish are to return? Over the past century throughout the United States, resource managers sought to enhance the recreational value of lakes and streams by stocking non-native (exotic) game fish. The “success” of this effort is now recognized as a serious impediment to conserving natural aquatic biodiversity. Introduced fish endanger and replace native fish species through predation, competition, hybridization, and disease transmission. In many cases, bringing back the natives is doomed unless the introduced fish are eradicated. In Yellowstone National Park, four species of non-native trout were introduced, have become established, and threaten the survival of indigenous fish. A program to remove non-native trout has begun, but techniques used to remove these fish also threaten amphibians. Recommendations are made to eliminate or reduce the threat to amphibians, including making managers aware of the presence of amphibians, and offering strategies for reducing amphibian vulnerability to fish removal techniques.Less
Park and wildlife managers are facing an ironic dilemma as they work to restore and protect aquatic ecosystems — must amphibians be sacrificed if native fish are to return? Over the past century throughout the United States, resource managers sought to enhance the recreational value of lakes and streams by stocking non-native (exotic) game fish. The “success” of this effort is now recognized as a serious impediment to conserving natural aquatic biodiversity. Introduced fish endanger and replace native fish species through predation, competition, hybridization, and disease transmission. In many cases, bringing back the natives is doomed unless the introduced fish are eradicated. In Yellowstone National Park, four species of non-native trout were introduced, have become established, and threaten the survival of indigenous fish. A program to remove non-native trout has begun, but techniques used to remove these fish also threaten amphibians. Recommendations are made to eliminate or reduce the threat to amphibians, including making managers aware of the presence of amphibians, and offering strategies for reducing amphibian vulnerability to fish removal techniques.
Manuel Barange, John G. Field, Roger P. Harris, Eileen E. Hofmann, R. Ian Perry, and Francisco Werner (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199558025
- eISBN:
- 9780191721939
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558025.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology, Aquatic Biology
Global environmental change, which includes climate change, biodiversity loss, changes in hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, and intensive exploitation of natural resources, is having ...
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Global environmental change, which includes climate change, biodiversity loss, changes in hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, and intensive exploitation of natural resources, is having significant impacts on the world's oceans. This book advances knowledge of the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems, and their past, present, and future responses to physical and anthropogenic forcing. The book illustrates how climate and humans impact marine ecosystems by a comprehensive review of the physical and ecological processes that structure marine ecosystems and the observation, experimentation, and modelling approaches required for their study. Recognizing the interactive roles played by humans in using marine resources and in responding to global changes in marine systems, the book includes chapters on the human dimensions of marine ecosystem changes and on effective management approaches in the era of change. Part IV reviews the state of the art in predicting the responses of marine ecosystems to future global change scenarios. The book provides a synthesis of the work conducted under the auspices of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) project over the last two decades, as the largest, multi-disciplinary, international effort focused on understanding the impacts of external forcing on the structure and dynamics of global marine ecosystems.Less
Global environmental change, which includes climate change, biodiversity loss, changes in hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, and intensive exploitation of natural resources, is having significant impacts on the world's oceans. This book advances knowledge of the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems, and their past, present, and future responses to physical and anthropogenic forcing. The book illustrates how climate and humans impact marine ecosystems by a comprehensive review of the physical and ecological processes that structure marine ecosystems and the observation, experimentation, and modelling approaches required for their study. Recognizing the interactive roles played by humans in using marine resources and in responding to global changes in marine systems, the book includes chapters on the human dimensions of marine ecosystem changes and on effective management approaches in the era of change. Part IV reviews the state of the art in predicting the responses of marine ecosystems to future global change scenarios. The book provides a synthesis of the work conducted under the auspices of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) project over the last two decades, as the largest, multi-disciplinary, international effort focused on understanding the impacts of external forcing on the structure and dynamics of global marine ecosystems.
Anne E. Magurran
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198527855
- eISBN:
- 9780191713576
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198527855.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This book explores the Trinidadian guppy's unique contributions to evolutionary ecology. Ever since Caryl Haskins — working in the 1940s and 1950s — described guppy populations as a natural ...
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This book explores the Trinidadian guppy's unique contributions to evolutionary ecology. Ever since Caryl Haskins — working in the 1940s and 1950s — described guppy populations as a natural laboratory because of the way predation pressure varies over a small geographical area, generations of researchers have been drawn to Trinidad to investigate evolution in the wild. The species continues to provide classic examples of natural selection in action, and elegantly illustrates how ecology, evolution, and behaviour are interlinked. This account of the evolutionary ecology of the guppy integrates historical breakthroughs with new research in this fast-moving field. It reveals how guppies provided some of the first evidence of sperm competition and sexual selection, and how they continue to inform scientific thought on mating systems and cryptic choice. The consequences of variation in predation risk — as well as a host of other biotic and abiotic factors — are described and evaluated at all life stages from conception to death. The book discusses behavioural responses to ecological conditions and examines life history evolution. The potential for ecological speciation is considered alongside new insights into how reproductive isolation becomes established in promiscuous mating systems. Conservation issues are also highlighted, both in terms of protecting the irreplaceable Trinidadian guppy systems and in the context of invasion ecology.Less
This book explores the Trinidadian guppy's unique contributions to evolutionary ecology. Ever since Caryl Haskins — working in the 1940s and 1950s — described guppy populations as a natural laboratory because of the way predation pressure varies over a small geographical area, generations of researchers have been drawn to Trinidad to investigate evolution in the wild. The species continues to provide classic examples of natural selection in action, and elegantly illustrates how ecology, evolution, and behaviour are interlinked. This account of the evolutionary ecology of the guppy integrates historical breakthroughs with new research in this fast-moving field. It reveals how guppies provided some of the first evidence of sperm competition and sexual selection, and how they continue to inform scientific thought on mating systems and cryptic choice. The consequences of variation in predation risk — as well as a host of other biotic and abiotic factors — are described and evaluated at all life stages from conception to death. The book discusses behavioural responses to ecological conditions and examines life history evolution. The potential for ecological speciation is considered alongside new insights into how reproductive isolation becomes established in promiscuous mating systems. Conservation issues are also highlighted, both in terms of protecting the irreplaceable Trinidadian guppy systems and in the context of invasion ecology.
Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195367607
- eISBN:
- 9780199867264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367607.003.0014
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter discusses depth vision in animals other than cats and primates. These include invertebrates, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
This chapter discusses depth vision in animals other than cats and primates. These include invertebrates, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Frederick Rowe Davis
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195310771
- eISBN:
- 9780199790098
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310771.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
Early in life, Carr developed an appreciation of nature through his own initiative and through hunting and fishing trips with his father. Carr's interest in natural history and herpetology evolved at ...
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Early in life, Carr developed an appreciation of nature through his own initiative and through hunting and fishing trips with his father. Carr's interest in natural history and herpetology evolved at the University of Florida, where a dedicated group of professors taught the scientific method and emphasized the relationship between humans and nature while encouraging organismal studies of Florida taxa. Beyond Carr's passion for field work in Florida and his courses with a dedicated group of professors, he benefited considerably from correspondence with several established herpetologists in America. In combination, Carr's childhood hunting trips, formal university study, and extensive correspondence with American herpetologists provided him with a strong background to begin his career as an instructor at the University of Florida.Less
Early in life, Carr developed an appreciation of nature through his own initiative and through hunting and fishing trips with his father. Carr's interest in natural history and herpetology evolved at the University of Florida, where a dedicated group of professors taught the scientific method and emphasized the relationship between humans and nature while encouraging organismal studies of Florida taxa. Beyond Carr's passion for field work in Florida and his courses with a dedicated group of professors, he benefited considerably from correspondence with several established herpetologists in America. In combination, Carr's childhood hunting trips, formal university study, and extensive correspondence with American herpetologists provided him with a strong background to begin his career as an instructor at the University of Florida.
Peter Hogarth
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198568704
- eISBN:
- 9780191717536
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198568704.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
This chapter discusses the marine components of mangroves. Mangroves provide marine organisms with both a physical environment and nutrients. Pneumatophores and prop roots greatly expand the surface ...
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This chapter discusses the marine components of mangroves. Mangroves provide marine organisms with both a physical environment and nutrients. Pneumatophores and prop roots greatly expand the surface area available and provide a hard substrate, in contrast to the surrounding mud, while the primary production of mangroves supplies an energy source for many organisms. These marine components include algae, fauna of mangrove roots, invertebrates, molluscs, meiofauna, and fish.Less
This chapter discusses the marine components of mangroves. Mangroves provide marine organisms with both a physical environment and nutrients. Pneumatophores and prop roots greatly expand the surface area available and provide a hard substrate, in contrast to the surrounding mud, while the primary production of mangroves supplies an energy source for many organisms. These marine components include algae, fauna of mangrove roots, invertebrates, molluscs, meiofauna, and fish.
Peter Hogarth
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198568704
- eISBN:
- 9780191717536
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198568704.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
This chapter discusses the composition of seagrass communities. Seagrass communities comprise epiphytes and sessile epifauna growing on seagrass leaves and rhizomes, as well as more mobile animals, ...
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This chapter discusses the composition of seagrass communities. Seagrass communities comprise epiphytes and sessile epifauna growing on seagrass leaves and rhizomes, as well as more mobile animals, many of which move between seagrass and other habitats at different times or life-cycle stages. These include herbivores (ranging from tiny feeders on microscopic epiphytic algae to massive turtles and seacows), detritus feeders, and predators.Less
This chapter discusses the composition of seagrass communities. Seagrass communities comprise epiphytes and sessile epifauna growing on seagrass leaves and rhizomes, as well as more mobile animals, many of which move between seagrass and other habitats at different times or life-cycle stages. These include herbivores (ranging from tiny feeders on microscopic epiphytic algae to massive turtles and seacows), detritus feeders, and predators.
Dian J. Gifford, Roger P. Harris, Stewart M. McKinnell, William T. Peterson, and Michael A. St. John
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199558025
- eISBN:
- 9780191721939
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558025.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology, Aquatic Biology
Because of GLOBEC's focus on population dynamics, species‐level research is central to the programme, and most field, retrospective and modeling studies were directed at target species defined on the ...
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Because of GLOBEC's focus on population dynamics, species‐level research is central to the programme, and most field, retrospective and modeling studies were directed at target species defined on the basis of their suitability for use in the comparative approach or their trophic role in the ecosystem. Target species may be economically significant due to their contribution to local, regional, and national economies through subsistence, commercial enterprise, and use by indigenous peoples. Target species of conservation significance may be the subjects of regional, national, or international conservation agreements. Target species of social or cultural significance have value to human communities because of their historical, aesthetic, educational, or recreational value. GLOBEC target species are heavily weighted towards marine pelagic organisms, particularly zooplankton. However, vertebrates with largely (seabirds and seals) or wholly (whales) pelagic life histories have been studied in some ecosystems, as have anadromous fish whose life history is not entirely marine. Here, this chapter reviews major groups of GLOBEC target species: Calanus and other large copepods, salmonids, cod, small pelagic fish, and large apex predators.Less
Because of GLOBEC's focus on population dynamics, species‐level research is central to the programme, and most field, retrospective and modeling studies were directed at target species defined on the basis of their suitability for use in the comparative approach or their trophic role in the ecosystem. Target species may be economically significant due to their contribution to local, regional, and national economies through subsistence, commercial enterprise, and use by indigenous peoples. Target species of conservation significance may be the subjects of regional, national, or international conservation agreements. Target species of social or cultural significance have value to human communities because of their historical, aesthetic, educational, or recreational value. GLOBEC target species are heavily weighted towards marine pelagic organisms, particularly zooplankton. However, vertebrates with largely (seabirds and seals) or wholly (whales) pelagic life histories have been studied in some ecosystems, as have anadromous fish whose life history is not entirely marine. Here, this chapter reviews major groups of GLOBEC target species: Calanus and other large copepods, salmonids, cod, small pelagic fish, and large apex predators.
Pat Willmer
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691128610
- eISBN:
- 9781400838943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691128610.003.0017
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter considers pollination by nonflying vertebrates and other oddities. It begins with a discussion of ectotherm vertebrates visiting flowers; these include fish, amphibians, and reptiles. ...
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This chapter considers pollination by nonflying vertebrates and other oddities. It begins with a discussion of ectotherm vertebrates visiting flowers; these include fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Fish are not recorded as flower visitors, but they are at least occasionally facilitators of the pollination process for shoreline pond plants, where they prey on animals that compete with or reduce pollinator populations. The chapter proceeds with an analysis of pollination by nonflying mammals such as marsupials, rodents, monkeys, and lemurs as well as flowers that they regularly visit, including ground-level (geoflorous) flowers and arboreal flowers. Finally, it examines pollination by unusual invertebrates ranging from snails and woodlice to land crabs and millipedes.Less
This chapter considers pollination by nonflying vertebrates and other oddities. It begins with a discussion of ectotherm vertebrates visiting flowers; these include fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Fish are not recorded as flower visitors, but they are at least occasionally facilitators of the pollination process for shoreline pond plants, where they prey on animals that compete with or reduce pollinator populations. The chapter proceeds with an analysis of pollination by nonflying mammals such as marsupials, rodents, monkeys, and lemurs as well as flowers that they regularly visit, including ground-level (geoflorous) flowers and arboreal flowers. Finally, it examines pollination by unusual invertebrates ranging from snails and woodlice to land crabs and millipedes.
