Matthew S. Seligmann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199574032
- eISBN:
- 9780191741432
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574032.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
This book examines the way in which the prospect of a wartime German assault on British seaborne commerce influenced the development of British naval policy in the run up to the First World War. It ...
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This book examines the way in which the prospect of a wartime German assault on British seaborne commerce influenced the development of British naval policy in the run up to the First World War. It argues that, owing to the Admiralty’s consistently expressed fears that, in the event of an Anglo-German conflict, German commerce-raiders could interdict vital supplies, the British government began to consider German maritime power as a serious danger to British national security at the very outset of the twentieth century and that this sense of anxiety continued, even sharpened, as the years unfolded. It further argues that as a result of this perception of a growing menace, the Royal Navy devoted considerable time and energy to devising ever more elaborate countermeasures. These included developing new types of auxiliary and then regular warships, attempting to change international maritime law, creating a new global intelligence network, seeking to involve the government in the maritime insurance system and, finally, arming British merchant vessels and taking steps to place trained gun crews on these vessels in peacetime. While some of these developments have been subject to alternative explanations, some have never been explained at all. Yet, as this book shows, all had their origins, substantially or even entirely, in the Admiralty’s fears of a German threat to British maritime commerce. As a result, it concludes that the prospect of a German assault on British trade played a major part in shaping Admiralty policy in the twelve years before 1914.Less
This book examines the way in which the prospect of a wartime German assault on British seaborne commerce influenced the development of British naval policy in the run up to the First World War. It argues that, owing to the Admiralty’s consistently expressed fears that, in the event of an Anglo-German conflict, German commerce-raiders could interdict vital supplies, the British government began to consider German maritime power as a serious danger to British national security at the very outset of the twentieth century and that this sense of anxiety continued, even sharpened, as the years unfolded. It further argues that as a result of this perception of a growing menace, the Royal Navy devoted considerable time and energy to devising ever more elaborate countermeasures. These included developing new types of auxiliary and then regular warships, attempting to change international maritime law, creating a new global intelligence network, seeking to involve the government in the maritime insurance system and, finally, arming British merchant vessels and taking steps to place trained gun crews on these vessels in peacetime. While some of these developments have been subject to alternative explanations, some have never been explained at all. Yet, as this book shows, all had their origins, substantially or even entirely, in the Admiralty’s fears of a German threat to British maritime commerce. As a result, it concludes that the prospect of a German assault on British trade played a major part in shaping Admiralty policy in the twelve years before 1914.
Robert C. Fuller
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195369175
- eISBN:
- 9780199871186
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369175.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Sexuality represents a powerful life force within us, constituting our body's grand biological imperative. It should not surprise us, then, that our erotic energies often flow naturally into ...
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Sexuality represents a powerful life force within us, constituting our body's grand biological imperative. It should not surprise us, then, that our erotic energies often flow naturally into religious creativity. Recent research on the genetic basis of human sexuality identifies three separate programs responsible for lust, romantic love, and long‐term attachment. Religion, it seems, piggy‐backs on our threefold erotic desires. Eroticism thus plays an important role in luring individuals toward seeking union with attractive deities, forging devotional ties to a chosen lord, and forming long‐lasting commitments to the cultural codes thought to emanate from this beloved god. It is for this reason that sexuality is a uniquely powerful site for religious innovation, as can be seen in the sexually charged histories of several nineteenth‐century sectarian movements such as the Latter‐day Saints and the hundred‐year heritage of American Tantrism.Less
Sexuality represents a powerful life force within us, constituting our body's grand biological imperative. It should not surprise us, then, that our erotic energies often flow naturally into religious creativity. Recent research on the genetic basis of human sexuality identifies three separate programs responsible for lust, romantic love, and long‐term attachment. Religion, it seems, piggy‐backs on our threefold erotic desires. Eroticism thus plays an important role in luring individuals toward seeking union with attractive deities, forging devotional ties to a chosen lord, and forming long‐lasting commitments to the cultural codes thought to emanate from this beloved god. It is for this reason that sexuality is a uniquely powerful site for religious innovation, as can be seen in the sexually charged histories of several nineteenth‐century sectarian movements such as the Latter‐day Saints and the hundred‐year heritage of American Tantrism.
S. N. Afriat
- Published in print:
- 1987
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198284611
- eISBN:
- 9780191595844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198284616.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This is the second of five chapters about the cost of living problem and price indices, a typical area for what is understood as choice theory. It discusses the price index, which is associated with ...
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This is the second of five chapters about the cost of living problem and price indices, a typical area for what is understood as choice theory. It discusses the price index, which is associated with a narrow concept of the cost of living problem, is important for both theory and practice, has a long history and large literature, and is now quite an elaborate theory. An outline of the main ideas is given, touching upon history only where points are encountered directly, and bringing in theorems discursively and without proof; William Fleetwood, Irving Fisher, and S. S. Byushgens stand out from the past in the account, with the writings of J. R. Hicks, R. G. D. Allen and Paul Samuelson forming a background. The ‘true index’ of the chapter title is an early vague term that later acquired the meaning dealt with here. The nine sections are: the cost of living; the price index; formulae, and Fisher's Tests (and Ideal Index); the Paasche–Laspeyres interval; existence test; theory and practice; many periods; price levels; and Fisher's formula.Less
This is the second of five chapters about the cost of living problem and price indices, a typical area for what is understood as choice theory. It discusses the price index, which is associated with a narrow concept of the cost of living problem, is important for both theory and practice, has a long history and large literature, and is now quite an elaborate theory. An outline of the main ideas is given, touching upon history only where points are encountered directly, and bringing in theorems discursively and without proof; William Fleetwood, Irving Fisher, and S. S. Byushgens stand out from the past in the account, with the writings of J. R. Hicks, R. G. D. Allen and Paul Samuelson forming a background. The ‘true index’ of the chapter title is an early vague term that later acquired the meaning dealt with here. The nine sections are: the cost of living; the price index; formulae, and Fisher's Tests (and Ideal Index); the Paasche–Laspeyres interval; existence test; theory and practice; many periods; price levels; and Fisher's formula.
S. N. Afriat
- Published in print:
- 1987
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198284611
- eISBN:
- 9780191595844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198284616.003.0015
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This is the third of five chapters about the cost of living problem and price indices, a typical area for what is understood as choice theory. Together with the next two chapters, it discusses ...
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This is the third of five chapters about the cost of living problem and price indices, a typical area for what is understood as choice theory. Together with the next two chapters, it discusses theoretical matters arising from the finding of S. S. Byushgens (1925) that Irving Fisher's ‘Ideal Index’ is exact if demand is governed by a homogeneous quadratic utility. The four sections of the chapter are: Byushgens's theorem; the existence question; purchasing power correspondence; and many‐period generalization.Less
This is the third of five chapters about the cost of living problem and price indices, a typical area for what is understood as choice theory. Together with the next two chapters, it discusses theoretical matters arising from the finding of S. S. Byushgens (1925) that Irving Fisher's ‘Ideal Index’ is exact if demand is governed by a homogeneous quadratic utility. The four sections of the chapter are: Byushgens's theorem; the existence question; purchasing power correspondence; and many‐period generalization.
S. N. Afriat
- Published in print:
- 1987
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198284611
- eISBN:
- 9780191595844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198284616.003.0016
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This is the fourth of five chapters about the cost of living problem and price indices, a typical area for what is understood as choice theory. Together with the previous and next chapters it ...
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This is the fourth of five chapters about the cost of living problem and price indices, a typical area for what is understood as choice theory. Together with the previous and next chapters it discusses theoretical matters arising from the finding of S. S. Byushgens (1925) that Irving Fisher's ‘Ideal Index’ is exact if demand is governed by a homogeneous quadratic utility. specifically, it addresses the four‐point formula. the eight sections of the chapter are: median multipliers and levels; centre locus; linear purchasing power; critical locations; elliptical case; hyperbolic case; parabolic limits; and demonstration: Fisher's data.Less
This is the fourth of five chapters about the cost of living problem and price indices, a typical area for what is understood as choice theory. Together with the previous and next chapters it discusses theoretical matters arising from the finding of S. S. Byushgens (1925) that Irving Fisher's ‘Ideal Index’ is exact if demand is governed by a homogeneous quadratic utility. specifically, it addresses the four‐point formula. the eight sections of the chapter are: median multipliers and levels; centre locus; linear purchasing power; critical locations; elliptical case; hyperbolic case; parabolic limits; and demonstration: Fisher's data.
S. N. Afriat
- Published in print:
- 1987
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198284611
- eISBN:
- 9780191595844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198284616.003.0017
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This is the last of five chapters about the cost of living problem and price indices, a typical area for what is understood as choice theory. Together with the previous two chapters, it discusses ...
More
This is the last of five chapters about the cost of living problem and price indices, a typical area for what is understood as choice theory. Together with the previous two chapters, it discusses theoretical matters arising from the finding of S. S. Byushgens (1925) that Irving Fisher's ‘Ideal Index’ is exact if demand is governed by a homogeneous quadratic utility. Specifically, it addresses the A. Wald's ‘New Formula’. The four sections of the chapter are: linear expansions; revealed purchasing power; yhe critical points; and marginal price indices and limits.Less
This is the last of five chapters about the cost of living problem and price indices, a typical area for what is understood as choice theory. Together with the previous two chapters, it discusses theoretical matters arising from the finding of S. S. Byushgens (1925) that Irving Fisher's ‘Ideal Index’ is exact if demand is governed by a homogeneous quadratic utility. Specifically, it addresses the A. Wald's ‘New Formula’. The four sections of the chapter are: linear expansions; revealed purchasing power; yhe critical points; and marginal price indices and limits.
Shoutir Kishore Chatterjee
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198525318
- eISBN:
- 9780191711657
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525318.003.0010
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Probability / Statistics
In the modern era, the methods of statistics were further abstracted from particular practical problems and the subject gained a distinct identity. In the first phase, Edgeworth and Karl Pearson ...
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In the modern era, the methods of statistics were further abstracted from particular practical problems and the subject gained a distinct identity. In the first phase, Edgeworth and Karl Pearson worked vigorously on model-selecting induction, leading to the formulation of the famous Pearsonian chi-squared test. In the second phase, ‘Student’ started the small-sample theory for model-specific induction with his pioneering work, and Fisher, following up, developed a variety of sampling theory procedures and laid the foundations of the general theory of estimation, multivariate analysis, and the theory of design of experiments. All these areas were subsequently enriched by the contributions of a galaxy of workers. The logic of the behavioural approach to induction was consolidated by Neyman and E. S. Pearson, and was later extended and generalized by Wald. After the emergence of a rigorous theory of subjective probability, there was a revival of interest in the pro-subjective Bayesian and the purely subjective approach in the second half of the 20th century. Work on model-free induction covering large sample procedures, nonparametric methods, and the theory and practice of finite population sampling also progressed steadily during this period.Less
In the modern era, the methods of statistics were further abstracted from particular practical problems and the subject gained a distinct identity. In the first phase, Edgeworth and Karl Pearson worked vigorously on model-selecting induction, leading to the formulation of the famous Pearsonian chi-squared test. In the second phase, ‘Student’ started the small-sample theory for model-specific induction with his pioneering work, and Fisher, following up, developed a variety of sampling theory procedures and laid the foundations of the general theory of estimation, multivariate analysis, and the theory of design of experiments. All these areas were subsequently enriched by the contributions of a galaxy of workers. The logic of the behavioural approach to induction was consolidated by Neyman and E. S. Pearson, and was later extended and generalized by Wald. After the emergence of a rigorous theory of subjective probability, there was a revival of interest in the pro-subjective Bayesian and the purely subjective approach in the second half of the 20th century. Work on model-free induction covering large sample procedures, nonparametric methods, and the theory and practice of finite population sampling also progressed steadily during this period.
James A.R. Marshall
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691161563
- eISBN:
- 9781400866564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161563.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter examines how the logic of inclusive fitness theory can be mathematically formalized using the Price equation, and how that formalization can be used to derive Hamilton's rule in its ...
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This chapter examines how the logic of inclusive fitness theory can be mathematically formalized using the Price equation, and how that formalization can be used to derive Hamilton's rule in its simplest form, as applied to unconditional behaviors having additive effects on fitness. Various biological phenomena, such as sex allocation and working policing within eusocial insect colonies, have been analyzed by considering what strategies maximize individuals' inclusive fitness, and how observed social behaviors should correlate with quantities such as relatedness. The chapter derives Hamilton's rule by introducing some notation for the effects of behaviors on fitnesses of individuals that interact socially, to make explicit precisely how genes (and later phenotypes) affect fitness, and to give a general form of Hamilton's rule that will apply to any (unconditional, additive) behavior regardless of its details. It shows that inclusive fitness is a genuinely novel extension of the classical fitness studied by Charles Darwin, R. A. Fisher, and others.Less
This chapter examines how the logic of inclusive fitness theory can be mathematically formalized using the Price equation, and how that formalization can be used to derive Hamilton's rule in its simplest form, as applied to unconditional behaviors having additive effects on fitness. Various biological phenomena, such as sex allocation and working policing within eusocial insect colonies, have been analyzed by considering what strategies maximize individuals' inclusive fitness, and how observed social behaviors should correlate with quantities such as relatedness. The chapter derives Hamilton's rule by introducing some notation for the effects of behaviors on fitnesses of individuals that interact socially, to make explicit precisely how genes (and later phenotypes) affect fitness, and to give a general form of Hamilton's rule that will apply to any (unconditional, additive) behavior regardless of its details. It shows that inclusive fitness is a genuinely novel extension of the classical fitness studied by Charles Darwin, R. A. Fisher, and others.
John Fisher
Cecilia A. Hatt (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270119
- eISBN:
- 9780191600609
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198270119.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
John Fisher (1469–1535), appointed bishop of Rochester by Henry VII, was one of the most distinguished churchmen and humanists of the early sixteenth century and Reformation period. A friend of ...
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John Fisher (1469–1535), appointed bishop of Rochester by Henry VII, was one of the most distinguished churchmen and humanists of the early sixteenth century and Reformation period. A friend of Erasmus’, he introduced the study of Greek and Hebrew to the University of Cambridge, of which he was Chancellor, and was beheaded by Henry VIII for his opposition to the Act of Supremacy. He was a notable preacher and author of the first sermon‐sequence to be printed in English. This edition contains introductions and a critical commentary to the English writings of the last 15 years of Fisher's life, including his two anti‐Lutheran sermons, pastoral sermons, and devotional works composed while he was a prisoner in the Tower of London.Less
John Fisher (1469–1535), appointed bishop of Rochester by Henry VII, was one of the most distinguished churchmen and humanists of the early sixteenth century and Reformation period. A friend of Erasmus’, he introduced the study of Greek and Hebrew to the University of Cambridge, of which he was Chancellor, and was beheaded by Henry VIII for his opposition to the Act of Supremacy. He was a notable preacher and author of the first sermon‐sequence to be printed in English. This edition contains introductions and a critical commentary to the English writings of the last 15 years of Fisher's life, including his two anti‐Lutheran sermons, pastoral sermons, and devotional works composed while he was a prisoner in the Tower of London.
Marc Flandreau
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199257867
- eISBN:
- 9780191601279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199257868.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
Chapter 1 describes the international monetary landscape between 1848 and 1873. The prominent role of bullion is emphasized. It also reviews existing theories of the operation of a bimetallic system. ...
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Chapter 1 describes the international monetary landscape between 1848 and 1873. The prominent role of bullion is emphasized. It also reviews existing theories of the operation of a bimetallic system. The main point is that a bimetallic system rests on bimetallic arbitrage: agents will buy the depreciating metal and sell the appreciating one, herby stabilizing their relative value. This suggest that it is key to study the actual operation of bimetallic arbitrage.Less
Chapter 1 describes the international monetary landscape between 1848 and 1873. The prominent role of bullion is emphasized. It also reviews existing theories of the operation of a bimetallic system. The main point is that a bimetallic system rests on bimetallic arbitrage: agents will buy the depreciating metal and sell the appreciating one, herby stabilizing their relative value. This suggest that it is key to study the actual operation of bimetallic arbitrage.
Matthew S. Seligmann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199574032
- eISBN:
- 9780191741432
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574032.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
Following the Cunard agreement, a feeling emerged in the Admiralty that countering fast German liners with even faster British ones might not be an effective policy. Liners were very vulnerable ...
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Following the Cunard agreement, a feeling emerged in the Admiralty that countering fast German liners with even faster British ones might not be an effective policy. Liners were very vulnerable vessels. Having no armour, they could be easily damaged in a fight. Yet, were either the Lusitania or Mauretania to be lost in this way, an investment of over £1 million would be wasted. Thus, a consensus emerged that it would be preferable to build warships to hunt the German liners. In the past, cruisers had not possessed sufficient speed, endurance, reliability or sea-keeping qualities to do this, but new technologies and improved designs seemed likely to remedy such deficiencies. In particular, it appeared that a large, fast turbine-powered armoured cruiser might be the best means of hunting German liners. These vessels, built at the behest of Admiral Fisher, were ultimately called battle cruisers.Less
Following the Cunard agreement, a feeling emerged in the Admiralty that countering fast German liners with even faster British ones might not be an effective policy. Liners were very vulnerable vessels. Having no armour, they could be easily damaged in a fight. Yet, were either the Lusitania or Mauretania to be lost in this way, an investment of over £1 million would be wasted. Thus, a consensus emerged that it would be preferable to build warships to hunt the German liners. In the past, cruisers had not possessed sufficient speed, endurance, reliability or sea-keeping qualities to do this, but new technologies and improved designs seemed likely to remedy such deficiencies. In particular, it appeared that a large, fast turbine-powered armoured cruiser might be the best means of hunting German liners. These vessels, built at the behest of Admiral Fisher, were ultimately called battle cruisers.
Robert W. Righter
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195149470
- eISBN:
- 9780199788934
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149470.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The USGS study stated that San Francisco could meet its water needs for at least 50 years without touching the Hetch Hetchy Valley. Given the study and Secretary of Interior Richard Ballinger's own ...
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The USGS study stated that San Francisco could meet its water needs for at least 50 years without touching the Hetch Hetchy Valley. Given the study and Secretary of Interior Richard Ballinger's own sympathies, the new secretary altered the Garfield grant, requiring San Francisco to “show cause” why Hetch Hetchy should not be removed from the grant. It was a significant victory for the valley defenders, but San Francisco did not give up. The city hired John Freeman, perhaps the best known civil engineer in the nation, to design a Hetch Hetchy water system and also “show cause” why San Francisco needed the reservoir. The city also hired Michael O'Shaughnessy, an engineer of significant reputation, to build the system. President William Howard Taft toured Yosemite Valley and consulted with John Muir. His second Secretary of the Interior, Walter Fisher, visited Hetch Hetchy and then held six days of hearings in Washington, D. C. Fisher then turned over all of the information to an advisory board, made up of three high-ranking officers in the Army Corps of Engineers. In February 1913, the officials released the long-awaited report. They recommended development of the Hetch Hetchy Valley, but also suggested alternate sources of water. In making its recommendation, the officers did not consider tourism, scenic value, or national park invasion. Secretary Fisher hesitated and delayed, finally determining that Congress should decide the fate of the valley.Less
The USGS study stated that San Francisco could meet its water needs for at least 50 years without touching the Hetch Hetchy Valley. Given the study and Secretary of Interior Richard Ballinger's own sympathies, the new secretary altered the Garfield grant, requiring San Francisco to “show cause” why Hetch Hetchy should not be removed from the grant. It was a significant victory for the valley defenders, but San Francisco did not give up. The city hired John Freeman, perhaps the best known civil engineer in the nation, to design a Hetch Hetchy water system and also “show cause” why San Francisco needed the reservoir. The city also hired Michael O'Shaughnessy, an engineer of significant reputation, to build the system. President William Howard Taft toured Yosemite Valley and consulted with John Muir. His second Secretary of the Interior, Walter Fisher, visited Hetch Hetchy and then held six days of hearings in Washington, D. C. Fisher then turned over all of the information to an advisory board, made up of three high-ranking officers in the Army Corps of Engineers. In February 1913, the officials released the long-awaited report. They recommended development of the Hetch Hetchy Valley, but also suggested alternate sources of water. In making its recommendation, the officers did not consider tourism, scenic value, or national park invasion. Secretary Fisher hesitated and delayed, finally determining that Congress should decide the fate of the valley.
Nicholas Barr
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199246595
- eISBN:
- 9780191595936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199246599.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter sets out the economic theory of the role of the state that underpins the rest of the book. It starts with a simple model – the Fisher model – of rational consumer choice over the life ...
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This chapter sets out the economic theory of the role of the state that underpins the rest of the book. It starts with a simple model – the Fisher model – of rational consumer choice over the life cycle. Subsequent sections relax the underlying assumptions, discussing in turn imperfect information in the goods market, the economics of insurance, the effect of imperfect information on insurance markets, and social insurance as a response to information failure. The concluding section summarizes the implications for policy, including discussion of market failure and government failure.Less
This chapter sets out the economic theory of the role of the state that underpins the rest of the book. It starts with a simple model – the Fisher model – of rational consumer choice over the life cycle. Subsequent sections relax the underlying assumptions, discussing in turn imperfect information in the goods market, the economics of insurance, the effect of imperfect information on insurance markets, and social insurance as a response to information failure. The concluding section summarizes the implications for policy, including discussion of market failure and government failure.
Jill Ann Harrison
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450747
- eISBN:
- 9780801465796
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450747.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
Over the past few decades, shrimp has transformed from a luxury food to a kitchen staple. While shrimp-loving consumers have benefited from the lower cost of shrimp, domestic shrimp fishers have ...
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Over the past few decades, shrimp has transformed from a luxury food to a kitchen staple. While shrimp-loving consumers have benefited from the lower cost of shrimp, domestic shrimp fishers have suffered, particularly in Louisiana. Most of the shrimp that we eat today is imported from shrimp farms in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. The flood of imported shrimp has sent dockside prices plummeting, and rising fuel costs have destroyed the profit margin for shrimp fishing as a domestic industry. This book portrays the struggles that Louisiana shrimp fishers endure to remain afloat in an industry beset by globalization. The book offers a portrait of shrimp fishers' lives just before the BP oil spill in 2010, which helps us better understand what has happened since the Deepwater Horizon disaster. It shows that shrimp fishers go through a careful calculation of noneconomic costs and benefits as they grapple to figure out what their next move will be. Many willingly forgo opportunities in other industries to fulfill what they perceive as their cultural calling. Others reluctantly leave fishing behind for more lucrative work, but they mourn the loss of a livelihood upon which community and family structures are built. In this account of the struggle to survive amid the waves of globalization, the book focuses the analysis at the intersection of livelihood, family, and community and casts a bright light upon the cultural importance of the work that we do.Less
Over the past few decades, shrimp has transformed from a luxury food to a kitchen staple. While shrimp-loving consumers have benefited from the lower cost of shrimp, domestic shrimp fishers have suffered, particularly in Louisiana. Most of the shrimp that we eat today is imported from shrimp farms in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. The flood of imported shrimp has sent dockside prices plummeting, and rising fuel costs have destroyed the profit margin for shrimp fishing as a domestic industry. This book portrays the struggles that Louisiana shrimp fishers endure to remain afloat in an industry beset by globalization. The book offers a portrait of shrimp fishers' lives just before the BP oil spill in 2010, which helps us better understand what has happened since the Deepwater Horizon disaster. It shows that shrimp fishers go through a careful calculation of noneconomic costs and benefits as they grapple to figure out what their next move will be. Many willingly forgo opportunities in other industries to fulfill what they perceive as their cultural calling. Others reluctantly leave fishing behind for more lucrative work, but they mourn the loss of a livelihood upon which community and family structures are built. In this account of the struggle to survive amid the waves of globalization, the book focuses the analysis at the intersection of livelihood, family, and community and casts a bright light upon the cultural importance of the work that we do.
Michael O'Neill
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299287
- eISBN:
- 9780191715099
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299287.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
This introductory chapter is divided into two parts. The first draws upon an array of 20th-century poetry in support of the argument that Romantic poetry is a persistent presence in subsequent ...
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This introductory chapter is divided into two parts. The first draws upon an array of 20th-century poetry in support of the argument that Romantic poetry is a persistent presence in subsequent literature. This is the case even when later poets appear to differ greatly in their attitudes from Romantic poets. A case in point in Ted Hughes's ‘Skylarks’, which invites the reader to reconsider Shelley's ‘To a Skylark’ as both Neoplatonic and surprisingly realistic. It is argued that Hughes' poem enters its own poetic territory, yet it does so by virtue of its Romantic inheritance. More generally, it is suggested that post-Romantic responses to Romantic poetry allow us to understand how fraught and conflicted Romanticism is. Readings of poems by, among others, Donald Davie, Sidney Keyes, Denise Levertov, and Anthony Hecht conclude the first part of the introduction. The second part sets out in a more explicit way the book's purpose and method, including its stress on ‘aesthetic achievement’, its sense of the value of division, its sympathy with Albert Gelpi's reading of Modernism as post- rather than anti-Romantic, and its views of the work of previous critics who have written on legacies of Romanticism such as Harold Bloom. A brief chapter-by-chapter summary follows. Poems by such authors as Eliot, Yeats, Williams, Fisher, and Lowell are also mentioned.Less
This introductory chapter is divided into two parts. The first draws upon an array of 20th-century poetry in support of the argument that Romantic poetry is a persistent presence in subsequent literature. This is the case even when later poets appear to differ greatly in their attitudes from Romantic poets. A case in point in Ted Hughes's ‘Skylarks’, which invites the reader to reconsider Shelley's ‘To a Skylark’ as both Neoplatonic and surprisingly realistic. It is argued that Hughes' poem enters its own poetic territory, yet it does so by virtue of its Romantic inheritance. More generally, it is suggested that post-Romantic responses to Romantic poetry allow us to understand how fraught and conflicted Romanticism is. Readings of poems by, among others, Donald Davie, Sidney Keyes, Denise Levertov, and Anthony Hecht conclude the first part of the introduction. The second part sets out in a more explicit way the book's purpose and method, including its stress on ‘aesthetic achievement’, its sense of the value of division, its sympathy with Albert Gelpi's reading of Modernism as post- rather than anti-Romantic, and its views of the work of previous critics who have written on legacies of Romanticism such as Harold Bloom. A brief chapter-by-chapter summary follows. Poems by such authors as Eliot, Yeats, Williams, Fisher, and Lowell are also mentioned.
Michael O'Neill
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299287
- eISBN:
- 9780191715099
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299287.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
This chapter explores the work of two very different poets to demonstrate the variety and tenacity of Romantic legacies and renewals in contemporary British poetry. The first section explores Hill's ...
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This chapter explores the work of two very different poets to demonstrate the variety and tenacity of Romantic legacies and renewals in contemporary British poetry. The first section explores Hill's dealings with Romantic poetry and thought in his poetry and prose, discussing, among other things, his abiding concern with the health and authenticity of language, a concern traceable back to Coleridge's Aids to Reflection and Wordsworth's Prefaces. It is argued that doubleness governs Hill's view of Romantic poetry; yet it is also argued that Hill admires what he calls the ‘Romantic-Modernist’ concern to depict the mind's ‘self-experience in the act of thinking’, as Coleridge has it. The second section contends that by contrast with Hill's complexly anguished yet positive response to Romantic poetry, Roy Fisher — who speaks of himself as ‘a Romantic, gutted and kippered by two centuries' hard knocks’ — shows an altogether warier and quieter engagement. The section focuses especially on Fisher's representations of the self, and suggests that the enriching complications these representations involve imply continuity between Fisher and the Romantics. The chapter concludes by asserting that in Fisher as in other post-Romantic poets studied in the book, Romantic poetry bequeaths a legacy of possibility.Less
This chapter explores the work of two very different poets to demonstrate the variety and tenacity of Romantic legacies and renewals in contemporary British poetry. The first section explores Hill's dealings with Romantic poetry and thought in his poetry and prose, discussing, among other things, his abiding concern with the health and authenticity of language, a concern traceable back to Coleridge's Aids to Reflection and Wordsworth's Prefaces. It is argued that doubleness governs Hill's view of Romantic poetry; yet it is also argued that Hill admires what he calls the ‘Romantic-Modernist’ concern to depict the mind's ‘self-experience in the act of thinking’, as Coleridge has it. The second section contends that by contrast with Hill's complexly anguished yet positive response to Romantic poetry, Roy Fisher — who speaks of himself as ‘a Romantic, gutted and kippered by two centuries' hard knocks’ — shows an altogether warier and quieter engagement. The section focuses especially on Fisher's representations of the self, and suggests that the enriching complications these representations involve imply continuity between Fisher and the Romantics. The chapter concludes by asserting that in Fisher as in other post-Romantic poets studied in the book, Romantic poetry bequeaths a legacy of possibility.
Chris Stamatakis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199644407
- eISBN:
- 9780191738821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199644407.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature, Poetry
This chapter discusses the practice of rewriting found in Wyatt’s paraphrases of the seven penitential psalms. Wyatt’s paraphrases frustrate correspondences between poet and speaker, and show a ...
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This chapter discusses the practice of rewriting found in Wyatt’s paraphrases of the seven penitential psalms. Wyatt’s paraphrases frustrate correspondences between poet and speaker, and show a concern—in both theme and material condition—with verbal redemption. Within the sequence, phonocentric pleas for forgiveness are answered by chirographic acts of correction. Redemption of the penitent sinner is inseparable from redemption of a fallen lexis: words and speakers pursue an elusive, grammatological state of grace. Wyatt’s Davidic speaker, wrestling like Luther with the keywords ‘justice’ and ‘mercy’, is engaged in a process of approximating his words to the Word (Logos). This chapter appraises Wyatt’s departures from his sources (principally Aretino’s rendition of the psalms with accompanying prologues), and examines the bibliographic devices by which verbal redemption can be traced in Wyatt’s handling. Particular consideration is paid to Wyatt’s rescriptive interlineations in his holograph copy of the text in the Egerton Manuscript.Less
This chapter discusses the practice of rewriting found in Wyatt’s paraphrases of the seven penitential psalms. Wyatt’s paraphrases frustrate correspondences between poet and speaker, and show a concern—in both theme and material condition—with verbal redemption. Within the sequence, phonocentric pleas for forgiveness are answered by chirographic acts of correction. Redemption of the penitent sinner is inseparable from redemption of a fallen lexis: words and speakers pursue an elusive, grammatological state of grace. Wyatt’s Davidic speaker, wrestling like Luther with the keywords ‘justice’ and ‘mercy’, is engaged in a process of approximating his words to the Word (Logos). This chapter appraises Wyatt’s departures from his sources (principally Aretino’s rendition of the psalms with accompanying prologues), and examines the bibliographic devices by which verbal redemption can be traced in Wyatt’s handling. Particular consideration is paid to Wyatt’s rescriptive interlineations in his holograph copy of the text in the Egerton Manuscript.
Michael Veseth
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195064209
- eISBN:
- 9780199854998
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195064209.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter analyzes structural changes in the United States during the postwar period and, to a greater or lesser extent, other advanced, industrial economies. It attempts to answer the question of ...
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This chapter analyzes structural changes in the United States during the postwar period and, to a greater or lesser extent, other advanced, industrial economies. It attempts to answer the question of when the “American century” ended and the American crisis began. The economic and social institutions of the United States and many other developed nations have not adjusted successfully to the profound and startling cumulative effects of the normal pattern of economic transformation associated with growth combined with, and compounded by, these additional sources of change and growth. The symptoms of this problem can be seen in the prolonged and persistent fiscal imbalances that have been especially noticeable in the 1980s. The chapter presents some data that describe the size and scope of the structural changes and fiscal imbalances that the U.S. economy has experienced in the postwar era and discusses A. G. B. Fisher's theory of structural change during economic growth.Less
This chapter analyzes structural changes in the United States during the postwar period and, to a greater or lesser extent, other advanced, industrial economies. It attempts to answer the question of when the “American century” ended and the American crisis began. The economic and social institutions of the United States and many other developed nations have not adjusted successfully to the profound and startling cumulative effects of the normal pattern of economic transformation associated with growth combined with, and compounded by, these additional sources of change and growth. The symptoms of this problem can be seen in the prolonged and persistent fiscal imbalances that have been especially noticeable in the 1980s. The chapter presents some data that describe the size and scope of the structural changes and fiscal imbalances that the U.S. economy has experienced in the postwar era and discusses A. G. B. Fisher's theory of structural change during economic growth.
Lawrence W. Levine
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195082975
- eISBN:
- 9780199854035
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195082975.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
The chapter starts by talking about how the author of the chapter was able to understand slave personality through understanding Negro songs. Negroes in the United States both during and after ...
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The chapter starts by talking about how the author of the chapter was able to understand slave personality through understanding Negro songs. Negroes in the United States both during and after slavery, sang songs, told stories, played verbal games, listened and responded to sermons, and expressed their aspirations, fears, and values through an oral tradition medium. Historians have ignored this tradition and rendered them as historically inarticulate. Thus, their record of consciousness go unexplored. However, the subject of Negro music in slavery has produced a large and varied literature such as Miles Mark Fisher's 1953 study, Negro Slave Songs in the United States, where it attempts to understand slave life through an analysis of slave songs. In Africa, songs, tales, proverbs and verbal games served the dual function of preserving communal values and solidarity and providing occasions to transcend the restrictions of his environment and society by permitting to express his feelings.Less
The chapter starts by talking about how the author of the chapter was able to understand slave personality through understanding Negro songs. Negroes in the United States both during and after slavery, sang songs, told stories, played verbal games, listened and responded to sermons, and expressed their aspirations, fears, and values through an oral tradition medium. Historians have ignored this tradition and rendered them as historically inarticulate. Thus, their record of consciousness go unexplored. However, the subject of Negro music in slavery has produced a large and varied literature such as Miles Mark Fisher's 1953 study, Negro Slave Songs in the United States, where it attempts to understand slave life through an analysis of slave songs. In Africa, songs, tales, proverbs and verbal games served the dual function of preserving communal values and solidarity and providing occasions to transcend the restrictions of his environment and society by permitting to express his feelings.
Brian Cummings
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198187356
- eISBN:
- 9780191674709
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198187356.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature
The story of the English Reformation is the story of the politics of the vernacular, and at the same time, it is called vernacular theology. Fisher's problem is not just that there are no agreed ...
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The story of the English Reformation is the story of the politics of the vernacular, and at the same time, it is called vernacular theology. Fisher's problem is not just that there are no agreed meanings for the Bible in English, but that there is not even an agreed text of the English Bible. The argument between More and William Tyndale is demonstrated. Tyndale happily accepts More's dispraise: he has neglected other sciences of learning ‘saue grammar’. In making his comments on the translatability of grammatical forms from Hebrew to Greek to English, Tyndale could not avail himself of any grammar of the English language, since none existed until William Bullokar's Bref Grammar for English of 1586, followed by P.G's Grammatica Anglicana of 1594 (written in Latin). In Tyndale's time, ‘grammar’ meant the rules not of English usage but of Latin. The chapter also explores Sir Thomas Wyatt's Penitentiall Psalms. His Penitentiall Psalms are a masterpiece of suppressed scandal and of scandalous suppression, a triumph of obliquity in which, as he puts it, ‘His sylence semid to argew and replye’ (296).Less
The story of the English Reformation is the story of the politics of the vernacular, and at the same time, it is called vernacular theology. Fisher's problem is not just that there are no agreed meanings for the Bible in English, but that there is not even an agreed text of the English Bible. The argument between More and William Tyndale is demonstrated. Tyndale happily accepts More's dispraise: he has neglected other sciences of learning ‘saue grammar’. In making his comments on the translatability of grammatical forms from Hebrew to Greek to English, Tyndale could not avail himself of any grammar of the English language, since none existed until William Bullokar's Bref Grammar for English of 1586, followed by P.G's Grammatica Anglicana of 1594 (written in Latin). In Tyndale's time, ‘grammar’ meant the rules not of English usage but of Latin. The chapter also explores Sir Thomas Wyatt's Penitentiall Psalms. His Penitentiall Psalms are a masterpiece of suppressed scandal and of scandalous suppression, a triumph of obliquity in which, as he puts it, ‘His sylence semid to argew and replye’ (296).
