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The Primacy of Economics: Reconstruction in Western Europe, 1919–1924

Lord Bullock and William Deakin

in The Lights that Failed: European International History 1919-1933

Once the peace treaty was signed and the European leaders returned to their capitals, the most pressing problems they faced were financial and economic. The war had wrecked international finance and ... More

Once the peace treaty was signed and the European leaders returned to their capitals, the most pressing problems they faced were financial and economic. The war had wrecked international finance and trade, it had distorted or destroyed productive enterprises, and non-European competitors had appeared in world markets who would be difficult to dislodge. The length and costs of the war meant that victors and vanquished alike were left with inflated money supplies, massive budgetary deficits, huge debts, and, in the case of most, collapsed or overstrained tax structures. The French, British, German, and, critically, the American positions were of central importance for the economic future of the continent as well as for the political balance of power. While the peace settlements cast a long shadow over Anglo-French relations, few anticipated that the long drawn-out struggle over German reparations would increasingly dominate European international relations during the early post-war years.Less

 A Tale of Two Liquidations: Case Studies in Chapter 7 and Chapter 11

Dr. Ben S. Branch, Hugh M. Ray, and Robin Russell

in Last Rights: Liquidating a Company

This chapter details two real life liquidations, one under Chapter 7 and one under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. The Chapter 7 case study covers the Bank of New England ... More

This chapter details two real life liquidations, one under Chapter 7 and one under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. The Chapter 7 case study covers the Bank of New England Corporation, a multi-billion dollar bank holding company with banking operation throughout New England. The Chapter 11 case study covers Friede Goldman Halter, Inc., a large multinational equipment business in the offshore energy and maritime industries. These two cases provide a framework within which to discuss the two primary options for the liquidation process. The financial problems encountered by these businesses, which lead to their bankruptcies and decisions to liquidate are discussed. Asset sales, litigation recoveries, claims resolution, and distributions are also outlined.Less

Changing Union Behaviour

Roger Undy, Patricia Fosh, Huw Morris, Paul Smith, and Roderick Martin

in Managing the Unions: The Impact of Legislation on Trade Unions' Behaviour

Even before the changes, unions were already experiencing financial problems, since the income from membership subscriptions was not enough to cover the total expenses. Because of the immense drop in ... More

Even before the changes, unions were already experiencing financial problems, since the income from membership subscriptions was not enough to cover the total expenses. Because of the immense drop in union membership, unions had to deal not only with aggravated financial issues but organizational issues as well. The non-ballot-related changes affected the decisions made by union leaders and also interacted with the balloting legislation. This chapter provides a discussion about membership, merger, and structure in order to better understand the impact of membership loss to union behaviour and government issues. Because unions initially adopted individual strategies to minimize the damages triggered by the changes, a movement was made to establish a more centralized government. The move to reform organizational structure made way for the development of new policies concerning employers and partnership.Less

Singapore

Boon-Hock Chia and Audrey Chia

in Suicide in Asia: Causes and Prevention

This chapter presents the epidemiological profile of suicide in Singapore. The suicide rate in Singapore has remained steady between 1993–2003, ranging from 8–12 per 100,000. The male:female suicide ... More

This chapter presents the epidemiological profile of suicide in Singapore. The suicide rate in Singapore has remained steady between 1993–2003, ranging from 8–12 per 100,000. The male:female suicide ratio is approximately 1.7:1 with jumping from a height being the most common method of suicide. Marriage has been shown to be a protective factor (especially in males) with the widowed or divorced being at higher risk. In the young, relationships and social factors, such as study stresses, are major risk factors; in mid-age adults, job/financial problems and mental illness are important, and in the older age group, physical illness is most significant. Those with mental illness (especially with schizophrenia and depressive disorders) are also at particular risk, especially if they have been recently hospitalized.Less

“Our Common Salvation”

Guy Maclean Rogers

in The Mysteries of Artemis of Ephesos

This chapter focuses on how the Ephesians again had trouble subsidizing the traditional sacrifices of the year, including the ones that took place on Artemis's birthday, and how wide variations in ... More

This chapter focuses on how the Ephesians again had trouble subsidizing the traditional sacrifices of the year, including the ones that took place on Artemis's birthday, and how wide variations in the number of yearly Kouretes suggest changes or instability within the association. Although it is known that the mysteries of Artemis continued to be celebrated after the consolidation of the cult attendants, the prytaneis certainly represented the celebration of the mysteries differently. Favonia's list of Kouretes discloses some major changes in the organization of the association of Kouretes, the celebration of all the mysteries, and the cult attendants. Financial problems that had been addressed and perhaps met during the late second century came back to challenge the Ephesians again during the early third century. These problems seem to have sapped the ambition of the ruling class of the polis, of which the Kouretes comprised a considerable proportion.Less

A Long Rearguard Action: Cammell Laird, 1970–93

in Steel, Ships and Men: Cammell Laird, 1824–1993

This chapter focuses on the history of Cammell Laird and Co. during the period from 1970 to 1993. It explains that the during the 1970s the Laird Group was deprived of its interests in Cammell Laird ... More

This chapter focuses on the history of Cammell Laird and Co. during the period from 1970 to 1993. It explains that the during the 1970s the Laird Group was deprived of its interests in Cammell Laird and Scottish Aviation, and its remaining interests in the steel industry became a financial embarrassment. It describes the operational and financial problems experienced by the company during this period. This chapter explains that Cammell Laird has ceased to exist as an active British shipbuilding company in 1993, after more than 169 years in operation.Less

Post-Governor Blues

Charles C. Bolton

in William F. Winter and the New Mississippi: A Biography

This chapter describes events during the last year of Winter’s administration in 1983; debates over the resumption of capital punishment in Mississippi; Winter’s efforts to deal with the state’s ... More

This chapter describes events during the last year of Winter’s administration in 1983; debates over the resumption of capital punishment in Mississippi; Winter’s efforts to deal with the state’s seemingly unending financial problems; his role in selecting his successor as governor; his decision to join the senate race in 1984; his election campaign and his defeat in the elections.Less

Orson Welles: Patched and Peeled in Mogador

Mike Zwerin

in The Parisian Jazz Chronicles: An Improvisational Memoir

This chapter focuses on the author's attempts to interview American actor and director Orson Welles, explaining that during this time Welles was having major financial problems with his film ... More

This chapter focuses on the author's attempts to interview American actor and director Orson Welles, explaining that during this time Welles was having major financial problems with his film projects. It also discusses the author's heroin addiction and his drug panics, mentioning that the author appears to have been misinformed by grownups about marijuana and to have assumed that their warnings about cocaine and heroin were also unreliable.Less

A return to the origins: The new Anglo-Spanish Society

Luis G. Martínez del Campo

in Cultural Diplomacy: A Hundred Years of the British-Spanish Society

I analyse how the changes within the Spanish Embassy in London caused the reorganisation of the League of Friendship in a new Anglo-Spanish Society, which became a non-political institution. After ... More

I analyse how the changes within the Spanish Embassy in London caused the reorganisation of the League of Friendship in a new Anglo-Spanish Society, which became a non-political institution. After the BSS rejected its previous ideological bias, its members focused on the advocacy of Spanish language and culture in the UK. I also describe the financial difficulties the Society had to face in this period.Less