Deborah R. Becker and Robert E. Drake
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195131215
- eISBN:
- 9780199863808
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195131215.003.0014
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
Like others, people with severe mental illness are interested in developing work careers by increasing their knowledge and skills through education. This chapter provides an illustration of a young ...
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Like others, people with severe mental illness are interested in developing work careers by increasing their knowledge and skills through education. This chapter provides an illustration of a young man who receives supported education services from an employment specialist and returns to school. In IPS supported employment, all clients are encouraged to think about whether further schooling would be an asset in developing their work lives. The components of supported education are parallel to those of supported employment and are carried out by employment specialists. Clients are assisted in obtaining financial aid information, completing financial aid applications and admissions applications, selecting courses and a study major, and developing good study habits and test taking skills. Employment specialists discuss with the client whether s/he is interested in receiving accommodations and/or services from the school’s disability services office. The whole treatment team provides supports to assist people with their educational goals.Less
Like others, people with severe mental illness are interested in developing work careers by increasing their knowledge and skills through education. This chapter provides an illustration of a young man who receives supported education services from an employment specialist and returns to school. In IPS supported employment, all clients are encouraged to think about whether further schooling would be an asset in developing their work lives. The components of supported education are parallel to those of supported employment and are carried out by employment specialists. Clients are assisted in obtaining financial aid information, completing financial aid applications and admissions applications, selecting courses and a study major, and developing good study habits and test taking skills. Employment specialists discuss with the client whether s/he is interested in receiving accommodations and/or services from the school’s disability services office. The whole treatment team provides supports to assist people with their educational goals.
Jeane W. Anastas
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195378061
- eISBN:
- 9780199932740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195378061.003.0022
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
In the 1960s and 1970s, federal financial support for doctoral students was very common, but this is not the case now. However, research assistantships (some of them provided through federally funded ...
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In the 1960s and 1970s, federal financial support for doctoral students was very common, but this is not the case now. However, research assistantships (some of them provided through federally funded faculty research grants) are now more common today than teaching assistantships, although school-funded scholarships are equally common. About one third of the students surveyed received no aid at all, and not all of those who were promised financial support at admission received what had been promised. Open-ended comments from students suggested that inadequate financial aid was their biggest problem. Most had student loans, but other forms of personal indebtedness (e.g., home mortgage, credit card debt) were also common. Aid was especially limited for part-time students and for the later phases of doctoral study (after completion of coursework).Less
In the 1960s and 1970s, federal financial support for doctoral students was very common, but this is not the case now. However, research assistantships (some of them provided through federally funded faculty research grants) are now more common today than teaching assistantships, although school-funded scholarships are equally common. About one third of the students surveyed received no aid at all, and not all of those who were promised financial support at admission received what had been promised. Open-ended comments from students suggested that inadequate financial aid was their biggest problem. Most had student loans, but other forms of personal indebtedness (e.g., home mortgage, credit card debt) were also common. Aid was especially limited for part-time students and for the later phases of doctoral study (after completion of coursework).
Robert B. Archibald and David H. Feldman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199744503
- eISBN:
- 9780199866168
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744503.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
College tuition has risen more rapidly than overall inflation for much of the past century, and in recent years this growth has accelerated. The rhetoric of crisis now permeates public discussion of ...
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College tuition has risen more rapidly than overall inflation for much of the past century, and in recent years this growth has accelerated. The rhetoric of crisis now permeates public discussion of the cost of attendance. Much of what is written ties rapidly rising tuition to dysfunctional behavior in the academy. Common examples include prestige games among universities, gold-plated amenities, and bloated administration. This book offers a different view, one that places higher education firmly within the larger economic history of the United States. A technological trio of broad economic forces has come together in the last thirty years to cause higher education costs, and costs in many other important service industries, to rise much more rapidly than the inflation rate. The main culprit is economic growth itself. This finding does not mean that all is well in American higher education. A college education has become less reachable to a broad swath of the American public at the same time that the market demand for highly educated people has soared. This affordability problem has deep roots. The book explores how cost pressure, the changing wage structure of the U.S. economy, and the complexity of financial aid policy combine to reduce access to higher education below what we need in the 21st-century labor market. This book is a call to calm the rhetoric of blame and to find instead policies that will increase access to higher education while preserving the quality of our colleges and universities.Less
College tuition has risen more rapidly than overall inflation for much of the past century, and in recent years this growth has accelerated. The rhetoric of crisis now permeates public discussion of the cost of attendance. Much of what is written ties rapidly rising tuition to dysfunctional behavior in the academy. Common examples include prestige games among universities, gold-plated amenities, and bloated administration. This book offers a different view, one that places higher education firmly within the larger economic history of the United States. A technological trio of broad economic forces has come together in the last thirty years to cause higher education costs, and costs in many other important service industries, to rise much more rapidly than the inflation rate. The main culprit is economic growth itself. This finding does not mean that all is well in American higher education. A college education has become less reachable to a broad swath of the American public at the same time that the market demand for highly educated people has soared. This affordability problem has deep roots. The book explores how cost pressure, the changing wage structure of the U.S. economy, and the complexity of financial aid policy combine to reduce access to higher education below what we need in the 21st-century labor market. This book is a call to calm the rhetoric of blame and to find instead policies that will increase access to higher education while preserving the quality of our colleges and universities.
Robert B. Archibald and David H. Feldman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199744503
- eISBN:
- 9780199866168
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744503.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter discusses financial aid granted by entities other than the institution the student attends. Federal financial aid has played an important role. The chapter begins with a brief history of ...
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This chapter discusses financial aid granted by entities other than the institution the student attends. Federal financial aid has played an important role. The chapter begins with a brief history of federal financial aid policy and then describes the federal needs-analysis system that determines a family's ability to pay. The chapter also explains the types of federal financial aid that are available: grants, loans, work-study, and tuition tax credits. State financial aid programs also are important, and the chapter shows how they have moved away from need-based systems toward merit-based grants. Lastly, the chapter explores the growing importance of private financial aid programs. The final section of the chapter discusses the interactions among these different sources of financial aid.Less
This chapter discusses financial aid granted by entities other than the institution the student attends. Federal financial aid has played an important role. The chapter begins with a brief history of federal financial aid policy and then describes the federal needs-analysis system that determines a family's ability to pay. The chapter also explains the types of federal financial aid that are available: grants, loans, work-study, and tuition tax credits. State financial aid programs also are important, and the chapter shows how they have moved away from need-based systems toward merit-based grants. Lastly, the chapter explores the growing importance of private financial aid programs. The final section of the chapter discusses the interactions among these different sources of financial aid.
Robert B. Archibald and David H. Feldman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199744503
- eISBN:
- 9780199866168
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744503.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Despite ample evidence that changes in net tuition do affect the college going decisions of students, there is scant evidence that increases in federal need-based financial aid actually have ...
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Despite ample evidence that changes in net tuition do affect the college going decisions of students, there is scant evidence that increases in federal need-based financial aid actually have increased the college going rates of low-income students. This failure stems from the complexity of the system that determines eligibility for federal financial aid. Many have suggested simplifications of the system to make it more transparent. To stimulate discussion, this chapter suggests a more radical proposal, making federal financial aid an entitlement independent of income. This proposal is appealing because the most successful financial aid programs have been those with the simplest eligibility requirements. The chapter then compares and contrasts a dramatic simplification with the less radical proposals put forward by the Rethinking Student Aid Study Group and the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators. The chapter also discusses changes in federal student loan programs.Less
Despite ample evidence that changes in net tuition do affect the college going decisions of students, there is scant evidence that increases in federal need-based financial aid actually have increased the college going rates of low-income students. This failure stems from the complexity of the system that determines eligibility for federal financial aid. Many have suggested simplifications of the system to make it more transparent. To stimulate discussion, this chapter suggests a more radical proposal, making federal financial aid an entitlement independent of income. This proposal is appealing because the most successful financial aid programs have been those with the simplest eligibility requirements. The chapter then compares and contrasts a dramatic simplification with the less radical proposals put forward by the Rethinking Student Aid Study Group and the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators. The chapter also discusses changes in federal student loan programs.
Inge Kaul and Pedro Conceiçāo
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195179972
- eISBN:
- 9780199850709
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179972.003.0020
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter examines the transfer of financial aid through the use of the instruments of grants and loans or their combination. It suggests that the provision of aid is hard to justify because loans ...
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This chapter examines the transfer of financial aid through the use of the instruments of grants and loans or their combination. It suggests that the provision of aid is hard to justify because loans have been made to countries with low income, weak governance and high risk of default, while grants have been distributed across the spectrum of per capita income rather than being narrowly focused on high-risk countries. It contends that creditworthiness should affect the composition rather than the amount of the total resource transfer, such that a country with high absorptive capacity for aid but with low creditworthiness should receive large resource transfers in the form of grants.Less
This chapter examines the transfer of financial aid through the use of the instruments of grants and loans or their combination. It suggests that the provision of aid is hard to justify because loans have been made to countries with low income, weak governance and high risk of default, while grants have been distributed across the spectrum of per capita income rather than being narrowly focused on high-risk countries. It contends that creditworthiness should affect the composition rather than the amount of the total resource transfer, such that a country with high absorptive capacity for aid but with low creditworthiness should receive large resource transfers in the form of grants.
George Yancey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199735433
- eISBN:
- 9780199866267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199735433.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter uses an Internet survey of Protestant schools to find out why students of color are more or less likely to attend certain Protestant educational institutions. Analysis of these data ...
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This chapter uses an Internet survey of Protestant schools to find out why students of color are more or less likely to attend certain Protestant educational institutions. Analysis of these data indicates that there is very little Protestant colleges and universities can do to attract African Americans and Native Americans. However, a variety of diversity initiatives are correlated with the percentage of Hispanic and Asian Americans on campus. Furthermore, educational courses that deal with racial issues and student-led multicultural organizations are more highly correlated to the retention of a diverse student body than multicultural, antiracism, community, or non-European cultural programs.Less
This chapter uses an Internet survey of Protestant schools to find out why students of color are more or less likely to attend certain Protestant educational institutions. Analysis of these data indicates that there is very little Protestant colleges and universities can do to attract African Americans and Native Americans. However, a variety of diversity initiatives are correlated with the percentage of Hispanic and Asian Americans on campus. Furthermore, educational courses that deal with racial issues and student-led multicultural organizations are more highly correlated to the retention of a diverse student body than multicultural, antiracism, community, or non-European cultural programs.
George Yancey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199735433
- eISBN:
- 9780199866267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199735433.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter explores the attitudes of minority students of color who attend Protestant campuses. A significant percentage of such students have racial attitudes like those of majority group ...
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This chapter explores the attitudes of minority students of color who attend Protestant campuses. A significant percentage of such students have racial attitudes like those of majority group students. However, minority students who have not adopted such attitudes struggle with the racial atmosphere on Protestant campuses. I term the first group “assimilated” and the second group “racialized” racial minorities. Both assimilated and racialized students of color lack faith in the general diversity programs but for different reasons. Assimilated students of color find such programs ineffective because they may offend majority group students; racialized students of color perceive the unwillingness of majority group students to acknowledge continuing racial problems as the reason such programs fail. Like majority group students, students of color are also more likely to perceive professors of color and diversity courses to be more helpful than general diversity programs; however; they did not tie this perception to personally liking a particular professor. Students of color also valued student-led multicultural organizations but only if they perceived these organizations as uniting, instead of dividing, students of different races.Less
This chapter explores the attitudes of minority students of color who attend Protestant campuses. A significant percentage of such students have racial attitudes like those of majority group students. However, minority students who have not adopted such attitudes struggle with the racial atmosphere on Protestant campuses. I term the first group “assimilated” and the second group “racialized” racial minorities. Both assimilated and racialized students of color lack faith in the general diversity programs but for different reasons. Assimilated students of color find such programs ineffective because they may offend majority group students; racialized students of color perceive the unwillingness of majority group students to acknowledge continuing racial problems as the reason such programs fail. Like majority group students, students of color are also more likely to perceive professors of color and diversity courses to be more helpful than general diversity programs; however; they did not tie this perception to personally liking a particular professor. Students of color also valued student-led multicultural organizations but only if they perceived these organizations as uniting, instead of dividing, students of different races.
Jesse Ferris
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155142
- eISBN:
- 9781400845231
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155142.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter brings the story of the Egyptian intervention to a close. Covering the momentous year of 1967, it exposes the little appreciated link between inter-Arab tensions and the Arab–Israeli ...
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This chapter brings the story of the Egyptian intervention to a close. Covering the momentous year of 1967, it exposes the little appreciated link between inter-Arab tensions and the Arab–Israeli conflict and provides a revisionist interpretation of the Six-Day War as an unintended consequence of the Saudi–Egyptian struggle over Yemen. Egypt's defeat forced Nasser to confront the necessity of withdrawing his forces from the Arabian Peninsula and accepting Saudi financial aid. Both acts presaged a crucial shift in the regional balance of power in the late twentieth century as a result of the civil war in Yemen: the decline of Egypt and the rise of Saudi Arabia.Less
This chapter brings the story of the Egyptian intervention to a close. Covering the momentous year of 1967, it exposes the little appreciated link between inter-Arab tensions and the Arab–Israeli conflict and provides a revisionist interpretation of the Six-Day War as an unintended consequence of the Saudi–Egyptian struggle over Yemen. Egypt's defeat forced Nasser to confront the necessity of withdrawing his forces from the Arabian Peninsula and accepting Saudi financial aid. Both acts presaged a crucial shift in the regional balance of power in the late twentieth century as a result of the civil war in Yemen: the decline of Egypt and the rise of Saudi Arabia.
Holden Thorp and Buck Goldstein
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469646862
- eISBN:
- 9781469646886
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646862.003.0005
- Subject:
- Education, Higher Education
The relationship with undergraduate students is responsible for the primary opinions that the public has about higher education. Popular culture creates an image that all college students are ...
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The relationship with undergraduate students is responsible for the primary opinions that the public has about higher education. Popular culture creates an image that all college students are eighteen years old, live in residence halls, and are recent high school graduates who pay the full tuition rate. In reality, many college students are adult learners, do not live on campus, and most get significant financial aid. Recent economic studies show that there are large numbers of unserved college students in the United States who do not know that they can attend excellent colleges and that low-income students who do attend excellent colleges graduate at a very similar rate and achieve financial status that is very similar to wealthier students.Less
The relationship with undergraduate students is responsible for the primary opinions that the public has about higher education. Popular culture creates an image that all college students are eighteen years old, live in residence halls, and are recent high school graduates who pay the full tuition rate. In reality, many college students are adult learners, do not live on campus, and most get significant financial aid. Recent economic studies show that there are large numbers of unserved college students in the United States who do not know that they can attend excellent colleges and that low-income students who do attend excellent colleges graduate at a very similar rate and achieve financial status that is very similar to wealthier students.
Deondra Rose
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190650940
- eISBN:
- 9780190867300
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190650940.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Chapter 6 examines the effectiveness of federal financial aid policies in expanding women’s access to higher education and the social and economic building blocks of full citizenship. While the GI ...
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Chapter 6 examines the effectiveness of federal financial aid policies in expanding women’s access to higher education and the social and economic building blocks of full citizenship. While the GI Bill significantly expanded men’s access to college, it offered very little support for women interested in pursuing college degrees. Subsequently enacted financial aid programs promoted greater gender equality in socioeconomic status by increasing the probability that women would attain advanced levels of education. By making college more affordable, increasing the amount of time that students can devote to academic work, and promoting undergraduate degree completion, student financial aid programs constitute central mechanisms by which US lawmakers have supported equal social citizenship for women and men. By significantly increasing women’s access to college degrees and the social and economic benefits that are associated with higher education, landmark higher education policies have supported women’s full incorporation into American society.Less
Chapter 6 examines the effectiveness of federal financial aid policies in expanding women’s access to higher education and the social and economic building blocks of full citizenship. While the GI Bill significantly expanded men’s access to college, it offered very little support for women interested in pursuing college degrees. Subsequently enacted financial aid programs promoted greater gender equality in socioeconomic status by increasing the probability that women would attain advanced levels of education. By making college more affordable, increasing the amount of time that students can devote to academic work, and promoting undergraduate degree completion, student financial aid programs constitute central mechanisms by which US lawmakers have supported equal social citizenship for women and men. By significantly increasing women’s access to college degrees and the social and economic benefits that are associated with higher education, landmark higher education policies have supported women’s full incorporation into American society.
Jeane W. Anastas
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195378061
- eISBN:
- 9780199932740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195378061.003.0041
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Clearly, more discussion of the purposes of doctoral education in social work is needed, because the social science model that is now dominant is not attracting enough students, perhaps because of a ...
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Clearly, more discussion of the purposes of doctoral education in social work is needed, because the social science model that is now dominant is not attracting enough students, perhaps because of a perceived lack of relevance to practice and service delivery concerns. Other issues in recruitment to doctoral study are discussed, including the need for higher amounts and longer duration of financial aid. More doctoral students need to feel part of a community of scholars; a national organization of doctoral students might help. Best practices in doctoral education to reduce time to degree and enhance student productivity should be disseminated and adopted more widely in social work. Given the reemergence of interest in the “clinical doctorate” in social work, wide discussion that involves stakeholders within and beyond social work education is needed.Less
Clearly, more discussion of the purposes of doctoral education in social work is needed, because the social science model that is now dominant is not attracting enough students, perhaps because of a perceived lack of relevance to practice and service delivery concerns. Other issues in recruitment to doctoral study are discussed, including the need for higher amounts and longer duration of financial aid. More doctoral students need to feel part of a community of scholars; a national organization of doctoral students might help. Best practices in doctoral education to reduce time to degree and enhance student productivity should be disseminated and adopted more widely in social work. Given the reemergence of interest in the “clinical doctorate” in social work, wide discussion that involves stakeholders within and beyond social work education is needed.
Eric Bettinger and Betsy Williams
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226201832
- eISBN:
- 9780226201979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226201979.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
During the Great Recession, the maximum federal Pell award grew over 32 percent in three years, the fastest rate in its history. Our research examines how states’ need-based financial aid policies ...
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During the Great Recession, the maximum federal Pell award grew over 32 percent in three years, the fastest rate in its history. Our research examines how states’ need-based financial aid policies responded to the economic downturn and this Pell program. Documenting tends in state and federal policies, we show a pattern that as many as half of the states have reduced the generosity of their financial aid programs during the Great Recession. This pattern of reducing generosity in the wake of increases in the Federal Pell Grant Program is not new, and our research shows that this potential fiscal federalism has become more common since 2000. We highlight specific policies in three states that illustrate this trend. We also use student-level data from Ohio to illustrate how students’ net aid packages changed in response to the combined changes in federal and state aid policy, finding that the state policy had disproportionate effects on the students with most need.Less
During the Great Recession, the maximum federal Pell award grew over 32 percent in three years, the fastest rate in its history. Our research examines how states’ need-based financial aid policies responded to the economic downturn and this Pell program. Documenting tends in state and federal policies, we show a pattern that as many as half of the states have reduced the generosity of their financial aid programs during the Great Recession. This pattern of reducing generosity in the wake of increases in the Federal Pell Grant Program is not new, and our research shows that this potential fiscal federalism has become more common since 2000. We highlight specific policies in three states that illustrate this trend. We also use student-level data from Ohio to illustrate how students’ net aid packages changed in response to the combined changes in federal and state aid policy, finding that the state policy had disproportionate effects on the students with most need.
Michael A. Olivas
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814762448
- eISBN:
- 9780814762455
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814762448.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
Undocumented children graduate from schools, and like others, want to attend college, where they no longer have the safe harbor of Plyler. Several states allowed undocumented college students to ...
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Undocumented children graduate from schools, and like others, want to attend college, where they no longer have the safe harbor of Plyler. Several states allowed undocumented college students to enroll and to gain residency status, which enabled them to pay lower tuition in public colleges. Then, in 1996, in an attempt to head off more stringently restrictionist statutes, President Clinton signed two important laws that tightened up borders and made it more difficult for the undocumented to gain legal status; these also made it more difficult for colleges to provide resident tuition, and the number of undocumented students—always small—dropped even further. Ironically, in 2001, Texas became the first state to accommodate and provide for resident tuition, and the Development, Relief, Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act was introduced into Congress. Although the DREAM Act has passed both houses of Congress, it was never synchronized to actually be enacted into law. Nonetheless, over a dozen states enacted laws that made resident tuition available to undocumented youths, now often referred to as “DREAMers,” and, in a handful of states, financial aid as well. A small number of states have banned these students either from enrolling or from receiving resident tuition.Less
Undocumented children graduate from schools, and like others, want to attend college, where they no longer have the safe harbor of Plyler. Several states allowed undocumented college students to enroll and to gain residency status, which enabled them to pay lower tuition in public colleges. Then, in 1996, in an attempt to head off more stringently restrictionist statutes, President Clinton signed two important laws that tightened up borders and made it more difficult for the undocumented to gain legal status; these also made it more difficult for colleges to provide resident tuition, and the number of undocumented students—always small—dropped even further. Ironically, in 2001, Texas became the first state to accommodate and provide for resident tuition, and the Development, Relief, Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act was introduced into Congress. Although the DREAM Act has passed both houses of Congress, it was never synchronized to actually be enacted into law. Nonetheless, over a dozen states enacted laws that made resident tuition available to undocumented youths, now often referred to as “DREAMers,” and, in a handful of states, financial aid as well. A small number of states have banned these students either from enrolling or from receiving resident tuition.
Christopher Avery and Caroline M. Hoxby
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226355351
- eISBN:
- 9780226355375
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226355375.003.0007
- Subject:
- Education, Higher Education
This chapter explores whether financial aid packages do or should affect students' college choices. It shows that the fascinating array of scholarships, grants, loans, and work-study programs exists ...
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This chapter explores whether financial aid packages do or should affect students' college choices. It shows that the fascinating array of scholarships, grants, loans, and work-study programs exists because many parties want to alter meritorious students' college choices. The parties' objectives are diverse—from a purely altruistic desire to relax constraints facing the needy to a college's self-interested desire to enroll high-aptitude students who raise its profile or improve education for other students on campus. Their human capital and abilities are often thought to generate social spillovers. However, the behavior of high-aptitude students is also important purely for reasons of scientific inquiry. They are capable of the largest human capital investments in the nation. Observing them allows one to witness the forces that affect human capital investments at their most highly charged because the stakes are high.Less
This chapter explores whether financial aid packages do or should affect students' college choices. It shows that the fascinating array of scholarships, grants, loans, and work-study programs exists because many parties want to alter meritorious students' college choices. The parties' objectives are diverse—from a purely altruistic desire to relax constraints facing the needy to a college's self-interested desire to enroll high-aptitude students who raise its profile or improve education for other students on campus. Their human capital and abilities are often thought to generate social spillovers. However, the behavior of high-aptitude students is also important purely for reasons of scientific inquiry. They are capable of the largest human capital investments in the nation. Observing them allows one to witness the forces that affect human capital investments at their most highly charged because the stakes are high.
Robert B. Archibald and David H. Feldman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199744503
- eISBN:
- 9780199866168
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744503.003.0016
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter develops two themes that follow from our aerial view of higher education. First, we need to ratchet down the rhetoric that dominates current discussion of higher education. Phrases such ...
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This chapter develops two themes that follow from our aerial view of higher education. First, we need to ratchet down the rhetoric that dominates current discussion of higher education. Phrases such as “college cost crisis” or “affordability crisis” are not warranted. The higher education industry faces a set of important problems, but the inflammatory rhetoric is based on a misdiagnosis of the causes of rising college cost. Second, we should focus on what can be fixed. Students at the bottom of the income distribution do find college increasingly less affordable. The problem is caused by higher college costs and stagnating incomes. We need to address this problem by making financial aid easier for students to access. In the long run, this will deal with both difficulties. Increasing access will increase educational attainment, and increasing educational attainment will reverse the process responsible for stagnating incomes.Less
This chapter develops two themes that follow from our aerial view of higher education. First, we need to ratchet down the rhetoric that dominates current discussion of higher education. Phrases such as “college cost crisis” or “affordability crisis” are not warranted. The higher education industry faces a set of important problems, but the inflammatory rhetoric is based on a misdiagnosis of the causes of rising college cost. Second, we should focus on what can be fixed. Students at the bottom of the income distribution do find college increasingly less affordable. The problem is caused by higher college costs and stagnating incomes. We need to address this problem by making financial aid easier for students to access. In the long run, this will deal with both difficulties. Increasing access will increase educational attainment, and increasing educational attainment will reverse the process responsible for stagnating incomes.
Ivar Lodemel and Heather Trickey (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861341952
- eISBN:
- 9781447301462
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861341952.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
In the last decade, developed welfare states have witnessed a pendulum swing away from unconditional entitlement to social assistance, towards greater emphasis on obligations and conditions tied to ...
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In the last decade, developed welfare states have witnessed a pendulum swing away from unconditional entitlement to social assistance, towards greater emphasis on obligations and conditions tied to the receipt of financial aid. Through administrative reforms, conditions of entitlement have been narrowed. With the introduction of compulsory work for recipients, the contract between the state and uninsured unemployed people is changing. The product of research funded by the European Union, this book compares ‘work-for-welfare’ — or workfare — programmes objectively for the first time. It considers well-publicised schemes from the United States alongside more overlooked examples of workfare programmes from six European countries: France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark and Britain. It is the first time that details of workfare programmes have been collated in such a format. This book provides an analysis of the ideological debates that surround compulsory work programmes and gives a detailed overview of the programmes implemented in each country, including their political and policy contexts and the forces that have combined to facilitate their implementation. Similarities and differences between programmes are explored. Explanations for differences and lessons for policy makers are discussed.Less
In the last decade, developed welfare states have witnessed a pendulum swing away from unconditional entitlement to social assistance, towards greater emphasis on obligations and conditions tied to the receipt of financial aid. Through administrative reforms, conditions of entitlement have been narrowed. With the introduction of compulsory work for recipients, the contract between the state and uninsured unemployed people is changing. The product of research funded by the European Union, this book compares ‘work-for-welfare’ — or workfare — programmes objectively for the first time. It considers well-publicised schemes from the United States alongside more overlooked examples of workfare programmes from six European countries: France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark and Britain. It is the first time that details of workfare programmes have been collated in such a format. This book provides an analysis of the ideological debates that surround compulsory work programmes and gives a detailed overview of the programmes implemented in each country, including their political and policy contexts and the forces that have combined to facilitate their implementation. Similarities and differences between programmes are explored. Explanations for differences and lessons for policy makers are discussed.
Bridget Terry Long
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226201832
- eISBN:
- 9780226201979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226201979.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This paper explores how the Great Recession affected college enrollment and costs to families. As with past recessions, reductions in income and increases in tuition prices could have had negative ...
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This paper explores how the Great Recession affected college enrollment and costs to families. As with past recessions, reductions in income and increases in tuition prices could have had negative effects on enrollment, while growing unemployment could have had the opposite effect by reducing the foregone costs of attending school. However, the Great Recession occurred within a much more complex postsecondary context than ever before, with the prominence of student loans but the changing availability of debt, a major increase in the number of college-age students, and substantial policy changes in federal financial aid. The net effect of these positive and negative pressures is unclear. Using data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), an annual survey of colleges and universities, I investigate how the Great Recession affected college enrollment levels, attendance intensity, tuition costs, and financial aid. The analysis suggests college attendance levels increased during the recession, especially in the states most affected in terms of rising unemployment and declining home values, but it was part-time enrollment that grew while full-time enrollment declined. The tuition revenue collected per student also grew, while grants did not offset the increase in cost, and student loan amounts also increased.Less
This paper explores how the Great Recession affected college enrollment and costs to families. As with past recessions, reductions in income and increases in tuition prices could have had negative effects on enrollment, while growing unemployment could have had the opposite effect by reducing the foregone costs of attending school. However, the Great Recession occurred within a much more complex postsecondary context than ever before, with the prominence of student loans but the changing availability of debt, a major increase in the number of college-age students, and substantial policy changes in federal financial aid. The net effect of these positive and negative pressures is unclear. Using data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), an annual survey of colleges and universities, I investigate how the Great Recession affected college enrollment levels, attendance intensity, tuition costs, and financial aid. The analysis suggests college attendance levels increased during the recession, especially in the states most affected in terms of rising unemployment and declining home values, but it was part-time enrollment that grew while full-time enrollment declined. The tuition revenue collected per student also grew, while grants did not offset the increase in cost, and student loan amounts also increased.
Deondra Rose
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190650940
- eISBN:
- 9780190867300
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190650940.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
By providing substantial financial support for college students on the basis of need, the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) blazed a trail for gender parity in public support for college ...
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By providing substantial financial support for college students on the basis of need, the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) blazed a trail for gender parity in public support for college students. Chapter 3 explores how lawmakers successfully passed the path-breaking student aid program in 1958 and how it has contributed to women’s educational attainment in subsequent decades. This analysis suggests that women’s incorporation as full citizens under US social policy is rooted in the political development of the NDEA, which was shaped by Cold War politics on the international stage and contention over civil rights on the domestic front. The concerted influence of these factors was central to lawmakers’ success in passing a student assistance program that institutionalized gender-egalitarian support for college students and contributed to a narrowing of the gender gap in higher educational attainment that had been exacerbated by the GI Bill.Less
By providing substantial financial support for college students on the basis of need, the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) blazed a trail for gender parity in public support for college students. Chapter 3 explores how lawmakers successfully passed the path-breaking student aid program in 1958 and how it has contributed to women’s educational attainment in subsequent decades. This analysis suggests that women’s incorporation as full citizens under US social policy is rooted in the political development of the NDEA, which was shaped by Cold War politics on the international stage and contention over civil rights on the domestic front. The concerted influence of these factors was central to lawmakers’ success in passing a student assistance program that institutionalized gender-egalitarian support for college students and contributed to a narrowing of the gender gap in higher educational attainment that had been exacerbated by the GI Bill.
George Yancey
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199735433
- eISBN:
- 9780199866267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199735433.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter utilizes data from an Internet survey of students at Protestant colleges and universities to investigate white students’ reaction toward diversity initiatives. The reaction majority ...
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This chapter utilizes data from an Internet survey of students at Protestant colleges and universities to investigate white students’ reaction toward diversity initiatives. The reaction majority group students have toward professors of color and diversity courses helps explain why such courses have potential for generating a positive racial atmosphere. Majority group students generally are receptive to altering their attitudes with such professors and courses and are especially likely to be influenced by professors they personally like. Student-led multicultural organizations also offer some promise of shaping the racial attitudes of white students. However, diversity programs tend to be ignored or rejected as unnecessary by white students.Less
This chapter utilizes data from an Internet survey of students at Protestant colleges and universities to investigate white students’ reaction toward diversity initiatives. The reaction majority group students have toward professors of color and diversity courses helps explain why such courses have potential for generating a positive racial atmosphere. Majority group students generally are receptive to altering their attitudes with such professors and courses and are especially likely to be influenced by professors they personally like. Student-led multicultural organizations also offer some promise of shaping the racial attitudes of white students. However, diversity programs tend to be ignored or rejected as unnecessary by white students.
